JP3602755B2 - Processing method of expanded polystyrene - Google Patents

Processing method of expanded polystyrene Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3602755B2
JP3602755B2 JP28986799A JP28986799A JP3602755B2 JP 3602755 B2 JP3602755 B2 JP 3602755B2 JP 28986799 A JP28986799 A JP 28986799A JP 28986799 A JP28986799 A JP 28986799A JP 3602755 B2 JP3602755 B2 JP 3602755B2
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Prior art keywords
solvent
paddle
kneader
polystyrene
vaporized
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JP2001106825A (en
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則孝 酒井
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Kurimoto Ltd
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Kurimoto Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、発泡ポリスチレンを減容処理する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
今日、家電製品やAV(オーディオ・ビジュアル)機器等の梱包には、発泡ポリスチレンの成形体が大量に使用されている。発泡ポリスチレンは、衝撃緩衝性に優れ、任意の形状に加工することが容易で、価格が安く、しかも外観も良い等の特長を有している。しかし、その反面、焼却時に高熱を発生して焼却炉の寿命を縮めること、投棄されても土壌中で分解されないこと等の問題点を有している。
【0003】
このため、発泡ポリスチレン成形体を回収し、リサイクル使用することが試みられ、その際、その成形体を減容することが行われ、そのための種々の技術が提案されている。
【0004】
その一つの技術として、特開平5−285467号公報(公報1)には、溶解室と分離室と凝縮室とを備え、その溶解室で発泡ポリスチレン(EPS)を溶剤に溶かして、EPS構成物質と溶剤とからなる溶解物を生成し、分離室でその溶解物を減圧することにより、実質的に溶剤のみを気化するとともに、構成物質(再生ポリスチレン)が溶解物から固相として析出し、その再生ポリスチレンは、排出口から取り出し、凝縮室では気化した溶剤を液化して回収・再使用する技術が開示されている。この技術により、EPSを1/20〜1/50に減容することができるとしている。
【0005】
また、特開平8−85735号公報(公報2)には、上記技術において分離室(脱揮槽)の下部に押出機を備え、再生ポリスチレンを連続的に排出できるとしている。
【0006】
さらに、特開平9−207133号公報(公報3)には、混練機に発泡ポリスチレンと溶媒を導入して、溶解減容を行った後、再生ポリスチレンと溶媒に固液分解する技術が開示されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
公報1記載の技術は、バッチ式のため、生産性が悪い。公報2記載の技術は、連続排出するため、生産性は向上するが、分離室と押出機の両方を備えており、装置が大型化する。公報3記載の技術は、減容・押出しを同時に行っているため、生産性は向上するが、固液分離器を用いているため、装置が大型化する。
【0008】
この発明は、上記実情の下、小型でもって生産性の高い発泡ポリスチレンの減容処理を行い得るようにすることを課題とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を達成するために、この発明は、まず、上記公報3記載の技術において、混練機内を真空手段等により減圧して溶媒を気化させながら、再生ポリスチレンを押し出すようにしたのである。押出しは連続で行い得るため、その生産性は向上する。
【0010】
つぎに、この発明は、その混練機をセルフクリーニング形式としたのである。溶解物中には溶媒が閉じ込められて、その気化が妨げられるため、単なる減圧のみでは、溶媒が円滑に気化されない。再生ポリスチレンに溶剤が残ると、その強度や耐熱性が悪くなり、また、臭気の発生や、食品衛生基準を満足しない等の問題がでる。セルフクリーニング形式の混練機は、ケーシング内上部に空間が形成され、パドルがその外周縁をケーシング内面に接して回転するため、溶解物は薄く引き延ばされながら移送される。その薄く引き延ばされた溶解物は上部空間に至ると、その薄さゆえに、中の溶媒は減圧下で円滑に気化する(実施例参照)。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
この発明の実施形態としては、発泡ポリスチレンを溶媒に溶解させて溶解物とし、その溶解物を、セルフクリーニング形式の混練機により真空手段による減圧下で混練するとともに、その混練機内は加熱ジャケットにより溶解物を加熱し、その減圧・加熱により気化された溶媒を凝縮器により凝縮して回収するとともに、前記混練機から前記溶媒が気化した再生ポリスチレンを連続的に押し出す構成とし得る。
【0012】
【実施例】
図1は、この発明に係る処理装置の一実施例を示す概略図であって、EPSを溶媒に溶かしてゲル状の溶解物とする溶解槽1と、溶解物を移送する移送ポンプ2と、溶解物を混練するセルフクリーニング型混練機3と、混練機3内を減圧するとともに、溶解物中の溶媒を気化し排出するための真空ポンプ等の真空手段4と、混練機3と真空手段4との間に設けられ、気化した溶媒を凝縮させる凝縮器5と、凝縮により液化した溶媒を、溶解槽1に戻す返送ポンプ6を備えている。なお、混練機3にはジャケット10が設けられて、このジャケット10は熱媒体加熱装置14に接続されている。
【0013】
混練機3は、図2に示すように、ケーシング7と、ケーシング7内に設けられた、2本の平行な回転軸8と、回転軸8に外嵌された多数のパドル9を備えている。ケーシング7は、その外面に加熱用の上記ジャケット10が設けられて、その断面は2重となり、この重なった部分が連通したほぼ8字形状である。
【0014】
回転軸8に外嵌されたパドル9は、図3に示すように、断面が2つの鋭角部を備えた略小判形であり、この鋭角部が、他方の回転軸に外嵌されたパドル表面並びにケーシング内面に近接して回転する。このパドル9には、送り機能を有するスクリュパドル9a(同図(a))、混練機能を有する混練パドル9b(同図(b)(c))があり、この混練機3では、入口側に複数個のスクリュパドル9aが、出口側に1個の逆送り用スクリュパドル9aが、その間に複数個の混練パドル9bが設けられている。なお、入口側と出口側のスクリュパドル9aは同じもので、取付方向を逆にしたものである。また、混練パドル9bには、混練機能を重視したフラットパドル9c(同図(b))と送り機能を少し持っているヘリカルパドル9d(同図(c))がある(特開昭63−242334号公報、特開平9−262698号公報参照)。
【0015】
上記ケーシング7の一端下部に溶解物の供給ノズル11が、他端下部に再生ポリスチレンの排出口12が、上部両端に排気口13が設けられている。なお、この排気口13が凝縮器5を介して真空手段4と接続されている。また、排出口12は、貫通孔15を有する蓋16により覆われている。
【0016】
この実施例は、以上の構成であり、いま、溶媒(リモネン)の入っている溶解槽1に、EPSを投入し、攪拌機で攪拌することにより、EPSを溶媒に溶かして、ゲル状の溶解物を得る。この溶解物を、移送ポンプ2によりセルフクリーニング型混練機3に送る。この混練機3は真空手段4によりケーシング7内が減圧されているとともに、ジャケット10に熱媒体加熱装置14からの熱媒体が循環され、溶解物を加熱している。
【0017】
その減圧・加熱により、溶解物中の溶剤は気化して、排気口13より排出される。そして、スクリュパドル9aの送り作用と、混練パドル9bの混練作用を受けながら、排出口12に向かって移送される。このとき、ケーシング7の上部は溶剤が気化することにより空間が発生する。特に、供給側排気口13からは、多くの溶剤が排出されるので、大きな空間が形成される。
【0018】
このように、溶解物は、溶剤が気化されながら、排出口12に向かって移送されるが、混練機3がセルフクリーニング形式であるため、パドル9の鋭角部は、ケーシング7内面に接して回転し、溶解物は薄く引き延ばされながら移送されることになる。このケーシング7の上部に空間が形成されていることと、溶解物が薄く引き延ばされることにより、溶解物中の溶剤が気化しやすい。このため、混練機3の排出口12から排出される溶解物(再生ポリスチレン)には、ほとんど溶剤が含まれないことになる。この再生ポリスチレンは、排出口12を覆う蓋16の貫通孔15により、水中に押し出された後、適当な長さで切断される。
【0019】
この実施例による再生ポリスチレンの平均分子量は88,000であり、廃棄発泡スチレンの平均分子量92,000〜99,000に較べ、大きな低下は見られなかった。また、再生ポリスチレン中の残留溶剤(リモネン)の量は0.3重量%以下と僅かであった。
【0020】
このように、この発明は、セルフクリーニング形式の混練機3を用いることにより、溶剤を確実に気化させることができ、このためには、図2(b)に示したように、パドル9の鋭角部とケーシング7との隙間δ1並びにパドル9の鋭角部と他のパドル9との隙間δ2が、それぞれ3mm以内であればよい。また、パドル9は、略小判型以外に、図4に示した略3角形のものも適用できる。なお、略3角形状のパドル9にも、略小判形と同様に、スクリュパドル、フラットパドル、ヘリカルパドルがある。さらに、図4で示したように、2個の円が重なった8字形状のケーシング7を、一方の円が上部となる様に配置することも可能である。この様にすれば、上方の円形部は、空間が形成されやすく、この空間で、パドル9により溶解物が薄く引き延ばされると、溶剤が、より気化されやすくなる。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
この発明は、以上のように、混練機内で溶媒の気化とともに再生ポリスチレンを連続的に押し出すようにしたので、生産性がよく、そのとき、セルフクリーニング形式で混練作用を行うため、その再生ポリスチレンは溶媒が殆どなくなったものとなる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】一実施例の概略図
【図2】同実施例の混練機を示し、(a)は切断正面図、(b)は同切断側面図
【図3】同混練機の各パドルの斜視図
【図4】他の混練機の切断側面図
【符号の説明】
1 溶解槽
2 移送ポンプ
3 混練機
4 真空手段
5 凝縮器
6 返送ポンプ
7 ケーシング
8 回転軸
9 パドル
10 ジャケット
11 供給ノズル
12 排出口
13 排気口
14 熱媒体加熱装置
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for reducing the volume of expanded polystyrene.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Today, foamed polystyrene moldings are used in large quantities for packaging home appliances and audiovisual (AV) devices. Expanded polystyrene has features such as excellent impact buffering properties, easy processing into an arbitrary shape, low cost, and good appearance. However, on the other hand, there are problems such as that high heat is generated at the time of incineration to shorten the life of the incinerator, and that the incinerator is not decomposed in soil even if discarded.
[0003]
For this reason, attempts have been made to collect and recycle the expanded polystyrene molded body, and at that time, to reduce the volume of the molded body, and various techniques have been proposed for that purpose.
[0004]
As one of the techniques, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 5-285467 (Patent Document 1) has a dissolving chamber, a separating chamber, and a condensing chamber, in which a foamed polystyrene (EPS) is dissolved in a solvent to form an EPS constituent material. And a solvent consisting of a solvent and a solvent, and by decompressing the solution in the separation chamber, substantially only the solvent is vaporized, and the constituent substance (regenerated polystyrene) precipitates from the solution as a solid phase. A technique is disclosed in which recycled polystyrene is taken out from an outlet, and a vaporized solvent is liquefied and collected and reused in a condensing chamber. According to this technique, the EPS can be reduced to 1/20 to 1/50.
[0005]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H8-85735 (Publication 2) discloses that in the above technology, an extruder is provided at a lower portion of a separation chamber (devolatilizing tank) so that regenerated polystyrene can be continuously discharged.
[0006]
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-207133 (Publication 3) discloses a technique in which foamed polystyrene and a solvent are introduced into a kneader to dissolve and reduce the volume, and then solid-liquid decomposed into recycled polystyrene and a solvent. I have.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The technology described in Publication 1 has a low productivity because of the batch system. The technology described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-214,984 improves productivity because of continuous discharge, but has both a separation chamber and an extruder, and the apparatus becomes large. In the technique described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. H11-107, productivity is improved because volume reduction and extrusion are performed at the same time, but the size of the apparatus is increased because a solid-liquid separator is used.
[0008]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to be able to perform a volume reduction process of expanded polystyrene having a small size and high productivity under the above circumstances.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention first extrudes regenerated polystyrene while evaporating a solvent by reducing the pressure in a kneading machine by a vacuum means or the like in the technique described in the above-mentioned publication 3. Since the extrusion can be performed continuously, the productivity is improved.
[0010]
Next, according to the present invention, the kneading machine is of a self-cleaning type. Since the solvent is confined in the melt and its vaporization is hindered, the solvent cannot be smoothly vaporized only by simple decompression. If the solvent remains in the regenerated polystyrene, the strength and heat resistance are deteriorated, and there are problems such as generation of odor and not satisfying the food hygiene standards. In the self-cleaning type kneader, a space is formed in the upper part of the casing, and the paddle rotates with its outer peripheral edge in contact with the inner surface of the casing, so that the melt is transferred while being stretched thinly. When the thinly stretched melt reaches the headspace, the solvent therein evaporates smoothly under reduced pressure because of its thinness (see Examples).
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
According to an embodiment of the present invention, foamed polystyrene is dissolved in a solvent to form a dissolved substance, and the dissolved substance is kneaded under reduced pressure by a vacuum means by a self-cleaning type kneader, and the inside of the kneader is dissolved by a heating jacket. The material may be heated, and the solvent vaporized by the reduced pressure / heating may be condensed and recovered by the condenser, and the regenerated polystyrene vaporized by the solvent may be continuously extruded from the kneader.
[0012]
【Example】
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a processing apparatus according to the present invention, in which a dissolving tank 1 for dissolving EPS in a solvent to form a gel-like melt, a transfer pump 2 for transferring the melt, A self-cleaning type kneader 3 for kneading the melt, vacuum means 4 such as a vacuum pump for reducing the pressure inside the kneader 3 and evaporating and discharging the solvent in the melt, and the kneader 3 and the vacuum means 4 And a condenser 5 for condensing the vaporized solvent, and a return pump 6 for returning the solvent liquefied by the condensation to the dissolving tank 1. The kneading machine 3 is provided with a jacket 10, which is connected to a heating medium heating device 14.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 2, the kneader 3 includes a casing 7, two parallel rotating shafts 8 provided in the casing 7, and a large number of paddles 9 externally fitted to the rotating shaft 8. . The casing 7 is provided with the jacket 10 for heating on its outer surface, has a double section, and has a substantially figure-eight shape in which the overlapped portion communicates.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 3, the paddle 9 externally fitted to the rotary shaft 8 has a substantially oval cross section having two acute angles, and the acute angle portion is formed on the surface of the paddle externally fitted to the other rotary shaft. In addition, it rotates close to the inner surface of the casing. The paddle 9 includes a screw paddle 9a having a feeding function (FIG. 9A) and a kneading paddle 9b having a kneading function (FIGS. 9B and 9C). A plurality of screw paddles 9a, one reverse feed screw paddle 9a on the outlet side, and a plurality of kneading paddles 9b are provided therebetween. The screw paddles 9a on the inlet side and the outlet side are the same, and the mounting directions are reversed. Further, the kneading paddle 9b includes a flat paddle 9c (FIG. 9 (b)) emphasizing the kneading function and a helical paddle 9d (FIG. 9 (c)) having a little feeding function (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-242334). JP-A-9-262698).
[0015]
A melt supply nozzle 11 is provided at a lower end of one end of the casing 7, an outlet 12 for recycled polystyrene is provided at a lower end of the other end, and exhaust ports 13 are provided at both upper ends. In addition, the exhaust port 13 is connected to the vacuum means 4 via the condenser 5. The outlet 12 is covered by a lid 16 having a through hole 15.
[0016]
This embodiment is configured as described above. Now, EPS is introduced into the dissolving tank 1 containing the solvent (limonene), and the EPS is dissolved in the solvent by stirring with a stirrer, thereby obtaining a gel-like dissolved material. To get. The melt is sent to the self-cleaning kneader 3 by the transfer pump 2. In the kneader 3, the inside of the casing 7 is depressurized by the vacuum means 4, and the heat medium from the heat medium heating device 14 is circulated through the jacket 10 to heat the melt.
[0017]
Due to the reduced pressure and heating, the solvent in the melt is vaporized and discharged from the exhaust port 13. Then, it is transferred toward the discharge port 12 while receiving the feeding action of the screw paddle 9a and the kneading action of the kneading paddle 9b. At this time, a space is generated in the upper portion of the casing 7 due to the vaporization of the solvent. In particular, since a large amount of solvent is discharged from the supply-side exhaust port 13, a large space is formed.
[0018]
As described above, the dissolved material is transported toward the outlet 12 while the solvent is vaporized. However, since the kneading machine 3 is of a self-cleaning type, the acute angle portion of the paddle 9 rotates in contact with the inner surface of the casing 7. Then, the melt is transported while being stretched thinly. Since the space is formed in the upper portion of the casing 7 and the melt is thinly stretched, the solvent in the melt is easily vaporized. Therefore, the solvent (regenerated polystyrene) discharged from the discharge port 12 of the kneading machine 3 hardly contains a solvent. The regenerated polystyrene is extruded into water by a through-hole 15 of a lid 16 covering the outlet 12, and then cut into an appropriate length.
[0019]
The average molecular weight of the recycled polystyrene according to this example was 88,000, and no significant decrease was observed as compared with the average molecular weight of the waste expanded styrene of 92,000 to 99000. The amount of the residual solvent (limonene) in the recycled polystyrene was as small as 0.3% by weight or less.
[0020]
As described above, according to the present invention, by using the kneader 3 of the self-cleaning type, the solvent can be surely vaporized. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. The gap δ1 between the portion and the casing 7 and the gap δ2 between the acute angle portion of the paddle 9 and another paddle 9 may be within 3 mm. Further, the paddle 9 may be of a substantially triangular shape shown in FIG. The substantially triangular paddle 9 includes a screw paddle, a flat paddle, and a helical paddle similarly to the substantially oval paddle. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, it is also possible to arrange the eight-shaped casing 7 in which two circles are overlapped, with one of the circles facing upward. In this manner, a space is easily formed in the upper circular portion, and when the dissolved material is thinly stretched by the paddle 9 in this space, the solvent is more easily vaporized.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention continuously extrudes the regenerated polystyrene together with the vaporization of the solvent in the kneader, so that the productivity is good, and at that time, the kneading action is performed in a self-cleaning manner. The solvent is almost gone.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment. FIG. 2 shows a kneading machine of the embodiment. (A) is a cut front view, (b) is a cut side view. FIG. 3 is a view of each paddle of the kneading machine. Perspective view [Fig. 4] Cut side view of another kneader [Explanation of reference numerals]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dissolution tank 2 Transfer pump 3 Kneader 4 Vacuum means 5 Condenser 6 Return pump 7 Casing 8 Rotating shaft 9 Paddle 10 Jacket 11 Supply nozzle 12 Outlet 13 Exhaust port 14 Heat medium heating device

Claims (1)

発泡ポリスチレンを溶媒に溶解させて溶解物とし、その溶解物を、セルフクリーニング形式の混練機3により減圧下で混練するとともにその混練機3内の溶解物を加熱し、その減圧・加熱により気化された溶媒を凝縮して回収するとともに、前記混練機3から前記溶媒が気化した再生ポリスチレンを連続的に押し出すことを特徴とする発泡ポリスチレンの処理方法The expanded polystyrene is dissolved in a solvent to form a dissolved substance. The dissolved substance is kneaded under reduced pressure by a self-cleaning type kneader 3, and the dissolved substance in the kneader 3 is heated, and is vaporized by the reduced pressure / heating. and while the solvent condenses recovery processing method of expanded polystyrene, characterized by extruding the recycled polystyrene in which the solvent is vaporized from the kneader 3 continuously.
JP28986799A 1999-10-12 1999-10-12 Processing method of expanded polystyrene Expired - Fee Related JP3602755B2 (en)

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US20060106121A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2006-05-18 Masahiko Seki Method for recycling foamed polystyrol resin
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