JP3602605B2 - Wood grain forming method and apparatus for wood composite board - Google Patents

Wood grain forming method and apparatus for wood composite board Download PDF

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JP3602605B2
JP3602605B2 JP13818495A JP13818495A JP3602605B2 JP 3602605 B2 JP3602605 B2 JP 3602605B2 JP 13818495 A JP13818495 A JP 13818495A JP 13818495 A JP13818495 A JP 13818495A JP 3602605 B2 JP3602605 B2 JP 3602605B2
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woody synthetic
synthetic powder
colored
extruded
powder
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貞夫 西堀
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アイン・エンジニアリング株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、熱可塑性樹脂材料及び木粉等のセルロース系破砕物からなる木質合成粉を成形素材とした木質合成板の成形方法及び装置に関し、より詳しくは、建築素材、自動車、車両の内外装部品等の各種の用途に適用する熱可塑性樹脂材料及びセルロース系破砕物の混合原料あるいは、これらの混合原料からなる木質合成粉を成形素材として、押出機で成形する際に木質合成板の内層に迄至る木目模様を該木質合成板に形成する方法及び装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術】
セルロース系破砕物及び熱可塑性樹脂材料は、近年の生活の多様化に伴い、建築材料、自動車、家庭電気製品を始め、種々の日用品に使用され、多量に廃棄されており、これらの各種熱可塑性合成樹脂製品の廃材を再利用することが社会的に要求されている。
【0003】
従来から、この種の木粉類及び熱可塑性樹脂材料をベースとした成形樹脂製品の開発は、種々行われ、特に近年における環境保護に対する感覚の鋭敏化、木材コストの高騰、木材製品に対する感覚的な根強い潜在需要からして、これらの廃材を利用した、天然の風合いを有する木質合成板の開発が要請されている。
【0004】
そして、この木質合成板の製造に際し、天然の木材の風合いを出すために、従来においては木質合成板の表面に木目模様を印刷し、あるいは木目模様を模したシート生地をラミネートし、あるいは成形型の成形面に木目模様を刻印し、又は、塗装仕上げに際して木目模様を描出する等の種々の工程を経るものが存在する。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前述の従来の木質合成板にあっては、そのいずれにおいても木目模様は木質合成板の表面部分にのみ形成されるに止まり木質合成板の表面の磨耗により木目模様が消失すれば、一見して人工的な木目であることが知られてしまう。また、木目の形成は木質合成板の表面にのみ表れているにすぎないものであり、この木質合成板を切削、加工して家具や建具を製造した場合には表面の木目が消失し、商品価値を低下させるものであった。そのため、該木質合成板は、予め製造される家具や建具の大きさに合わせて製造される必要があり、一旦製造された合成板は、他の用途に使用することができず用途が極めて制限されるものであった。
【0006】
さらに木質合成板の表面に描出された木目は、木目模様が画一的である等、木目模様自体その趣に欠け、人に安心感や安らぎを与える天然の木材の風合いを有するものではなかった。
【0007】
本発明は、上記従来技術の欠点に鑑みてなされたものであり、模様のパターンが一定でなく天然の木材の風合いを有すると共に、内層においても木目模様を有する木質合成板の製造方法及び装置を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明の木質合成板の木目形成方法は、含有水分量を15wt%以内とし平均粒径20メッシュ以下のセルロース系破砕物20〜80wt%と、熱可塑性樹脂材料20〜80wt%とを攪拌衝撃翼により混合して、摩擦熱によりゲル化混練し、次いで冷却して粒径10mm以下に整粒形成して木質合成粉を形成し、含有水分量を15wt%以内とし平均粒径20メッシュ以下のセルロース系破砕物20〜80wt%と、熱可塑性樹脂材料20〜80wt%と、着色剤とを攪拌衝撃翼により混合して、摩擦熱によりゲル化混練し、次いで冷却して粒径10mm以下に整粒形成して着色木質合成粉を形成し、前記木質合成粉と前記着色木質合成粉とを混合し、この混合原料を、加熱・練成し、スクリューをもって押出ダイより成形ダイの成形室へ押し出し、前記成形ダイ中に押し出された押出し生地の流れに対して抵抗を付与して、押出し生地の流れに変化を与えて、押出し生地に木目模様を形成し、前記押出し生地を徐冷して硬化させる工程を含むことを特徴とする。
【0009】
また、本発明の別の木目形成方法は、含有水分量を15wt%以内とし平均粒径20メッシュ以下のセルロース系破砕物20〜80wt%と、熱可塑性樹脂材料20〜80wt%と、異なる種類の着色剤のそれぞれとを攪拌衝撃翼により混合して、摩擦熱によりゲル化混練し、次いで冷却して粒径10mm以下に整粒形成して、それぞれ異なる色彩の着色剤を添加した複数種類の着色木質合成粉を形成する工程と、前記工程により得られた色彩の異なる複数種類の着色木質合成粉を混合し、この混合原料を、加熱・練成し、スクリューをもって押出ダイより成形ダイの成形室へ押し出し、前記成形ダイ中に押し出された押出し生地の流れに対して抵抗を付与して、押出し生地の流れに変化を与えて、押出し生地に木目模様を形成し、前記押出し生地を徐冷して硬化させる工程を含むことを特徴とする。
【0010】
前記セルロース系破砕物及び熱可塑性樹脂材料と共にゲル化混練する着色剤として、前記着色木質合成粉を使用することができ、また、
着色木質合成粉を着色剤として添加した前記着色木質合成粉を他の色彩の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉に15〜40wt%混合して、木質合成板を製造することができる。
【0011】
さらに、前記着色剤としては、それぞれ、黄色系、黒色系、白色系又は黄茶色系の着色剤を用い、これらの着色剤を前記セルロース系破砕物に対して、黄色系着色剤にあっては、3〜10wt%、黒色系着色剤にあっては3〜10wt%、白色系着色剤にあっては20〜60wt%混入する。
【0012】
前記着色木質合成粉と木質合成粉又は着色木質合成粉の混合に際して、混合されるべき着色木質合成粉と木質合成粉又は着色木質合成粉は、その原材料たる熱可塑性樹脂材料を同一素材とすれば好適である。
【0013】
なお、着色木質合成粉と、木質合成粉又は着色木質合成粉の混合比は、地色となる白色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉65〜97wt%と、木目となる木質合成粉又は黄茶色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉3〜35wt%を混合し、又は、
地色となる木質合成粉又は黄茶色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉85〜97wt%と、木目となる黒色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉3〜15wt%を混合し、又は、
白色系の着色剤を添加した第1着色木質合成粉60〜80wt%と、前記第1着色木質合成粉を着色剤として添加した第2着色木質合成粉20〜40wt%を混合し、桧様の木目を得、又は、
黄色系の着色剤を添加した第1着色木質合成粉50〜60wt%と、前記第1着色木質合成粉を着色剤として添加した第2着色木質合成板20〜30wt%と、黒色系の着色剤を添加した第3着色木質合成粉10〜20wt%と、白色系の着色剤を添加した第4着色木質合成粉1〜10wt%を混合して、より天然木材、この場合は、楢に近い色調の木質合成板を得ることができる。
【0014】
また、前記押出し生地を成形ダイへ押し出した押出し力に抗する抑制力を加えて押出し生地の密度を高くして、この押出し生地の流れにさらに変化を与え、上記抑制力を調整して、板目の曲率を変更し、所望の木目を得ることができる。
【0015】
また、本発明の木質合成板における木目形成装置は、含有水分量を15wt%以内とし平均粒径20メッシュ以下のセルロース系破砕物と熱可塑性樹脂材料、又は、前記セルロース系破砕物と熱可塑性樹脂材料、及び着色剤を攪拌衝撃翼85,86,87により混合して、摩擦熱によりゲル化混練し、次いで冷却して粒径10mm以下に整粒し、木質合成粉及び着色木質合成粉、又は複数種類の着色木質合成粉を形成する手段と、
前記木質合成粉と着色木質合成粉、又は複数種類の着色木質合成粉を混合し、混合原料を得る手段と、
この混合原料を、加熱、練成し、スクリュー71をもって押出す押出機70の押出ダイ19に、前記押出ダイ19より吐出された押出し生地79を加熱する溶融部21a及び所定の肉厚に成形して徐冷する徐冷部21bを有する成形室22を備えた成形ダイ10を連結し、前記成形ダイ10の成形室22を加熱するヒータ14を備えた溶融部21aと、成形室22を冷却する冷却手段25を備えた徐冷部21bを成形ダイ10内に設けると共に、成形ダイ10の成形室22内に、好ましくは、成形ダイ10の上下壁面に上下端が連続する変流体40を設けたことを特徴とする。
【0016】
前記変流体40は、前記成形室22の溶融部21a内に、押出し生地79の流れ方向に平行に配置された複数の板状体、又は、前記成形室の溶融部内に、垂直に立設された、溶融部内の上下壁面と連続する複数の円柱状又は針状の変流体40とすることができる。
【0017】
また、成形ダイ10の成形室22内に、成形ダイ10の上下壁面と連続する変流体20を設け、且つ、前記成形ダイ10より押し出された押出し生地79の押出力に抗する抑制力を加えるブレーキ手段30を設けることにより、板目の曲率を変更し、所望の木目を得ることができる。
【0018】
【作用】
木目の形成される木質合成板の原料は、例えば20〜80wt%の木粉等のセルロース系破砕物と、20〜80wt%の熱可塑性樹脂材料とを攪拌衝撃翼により混合して、摩擦熱によりゲル化混練し、次いで冷却して粒径10mm以下に整粒形成して成る木質合成粉、又は、例えば20〜80wt%の木粉等のセルロース系破砕物と、20〜80wt%の熱可塑性樹脂材料と、着色剤とを攪拌衝撃翼により混合して、摩擦熱によりゲル化混練し、次いで冷却して粒径10mm以下に整粒形成して成る着色木質合成粉と、前記と同様の方法により形成された前記着色木質合成粉とは異なる色彩の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉であり、木質合成粉と着色木質合成粉、又は、異なる色彩の着色剤を添加した二種類以上の着色木質合成粉を混合し、この混合原料を加熱・混練して押出し機で押出し生地として成形ダイに押出し、成形ダイの成形室内で成形、徐冷して木質合成板と成す。
【0019】
前記混合される木質合成粉又は着色木質合成粉の種類は2種に限定されるものではなく、例えば4種類の異なる色彩の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉を混合し、木質合成板を形成することもできる。
【0020】
前記木質合成粉又は着色木質合成粉の原料たるセルロース系破砕物としては、例えば木粉を用いることができ、粒径を熱可塑性樹脂材料とのなじみを良好とし、ゲル化混練及び成形押出し時における木粉の摩擦抵抗を減じ成形機の損耗、毀損の防止を図るため、平均粒径20メッシュ以下とする顆粒ないし粉末状とし、ゲル化混練及び成形時における木酸ガスを揮散し、水蒸気あるいは気泡発生を減少し、表面の肌荒れを防止する意図からその含有水分量を15wt%以内とするものである。
【0021】
以上のように形成された木質合成粉又は着色木質合成粉は、例えば成形しようとする木質合成板の地色の着色剤を添加した90〜97wt%の着色木質合成粉と、木質合成板中に形成される木目模様の色彩の着色剤を添加した3〜10wt%の着色木質合成粉とを混合し、この混合原料を押出機70内に投入して加熱・練成し、押出機のスクリュー71で押出ダイ19から押出し生地79として成形ダイ10の成形室22内へ押出す。
【0022】
前記押出機70による加熱、混練により、前記2種類の着色木質合成粉は溶解して混練されて押出し生地79となり、押出機70より成形ダイ10内へ押し出され、ヒータ14により加熱された成形室22の溶融部21a内に押し出されて加熱され、所定の肉厚に成形されながら溶融部21aを通過して、成形室22の徐冷部21bに押し出され、該徐冷部21bに導入される。この成形室22内の徐冷部21bは、冷却管25により冷却されており、この冷却管25内を循環している常温ないし60℃から90℃の水または油などの冷却媒体により押出し生地79が徐冷部21bを押し出される過程で徐冷・冷却されて硬化する。
【0023】
前記成形室の溶融部内21aには、板状、円柱状又は針状に形成された変流体20が前記押出し生地79の流れに変化を与えるために配置されており、押出ダイ19より吐出されて成形ダイ10中を流れる押出し生地79はこの変流体20によりその流れに変化が加えられる。
【0024】
この流れの変化は、押出し生地79の粘性により生じるものであり、変流体20と接触し、又は変流体20近傍を流れる押出し生地79は、変流体20との摩擦抵抗及びこの摩擦抵抗を受けた押出し生地79に引きずられてその流速を減退し、一方、変流体20と変流体20の中間付近を流れる押出し生地79は、この摩擦抵抗の影響を比較的受け難いことから、その流速を減じることなく流れる。この流速が全体に早い場合には、形成される木目は、柾目に近いものとなり、反対に、特に、着色木質合成粉中に多量の木粉を混入した場合には、この木粉の混入により押出し生地79の流れ抵抗が増し、押出し生地79の流れの変化は顕著なものとなり、板目様の木目模様が形成される。
【0025】
さらに、押出機70により加えられる成形板29への押出し力に、ブレーキ手段30により抑制力を加え、この成形板29を介して成形室22内の押出し生地79に対して前記押出し力に対する抗力を加えると、前記抑制力は成形板29を介して成形室22内の押出し生地79の押出し力に対して抗力を与えることにより、成形板29に抑制力を加えない場合と比べると、成形室22内の押出し生地79がより一層密度が均一で高密度になり、前記変流体20により形成された放物線状の縞線が歪められて、あたかも天然木材の大きな板目と同様の木目模様の如き不規則な模様が形成される。すなわち、上記抑制力の調整により、ある程度所望の木目模様が形成できる。
【0026】
その後、木目模様の形成された押出し生地79は、成形室22の徐冷部22bにおいて徐冷され、所定の板厚に形成された天然の風合いを有する木目模様を有する木質合成板が形成される。
【0027】
そして、この流れの変化により、木目模様の色彩の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉が押出し生地79中に、押出し生地79の下流を頂点とした変流体20間にまたがる放物線状、ないしは押出し生地79の下流に向かうほぼ直線状の線を描出し、この線が重なりあって不規則な柾目状の黒色の縞線を生じさせ、この縞線があたかも天然木材の木目模様の如き模様が形成される。
【0028】
その後、木目模様の形成された押出し生地79は、成形室22の徐冷部22bにおいて徐冷され、所定の板厚に形成された天然の風合いを有する木目模様を有する木質合成板が形成される。
【0029】
本発明の各着色剤の原料配合比の範囲は、次表のとおり、
【0030】
【表1】

Figure 0003602605
【0031】
次表は、各種木質合成板の混合原料の混合比の範囲を示す。
【0032】
【表2】
Figure 0003602605
【0033】
【実施例】
次に、本発明の実施例につき図面を参照して説明する。
【0034】
1.木質合成粉又は着色木質合成粉の製造実施例
1−1.〔木質合成粉又は着色木質合成粉の原材料〕
木質合成粉又は着色木質合成粉の原材料は、木質合成粉にあってはセルロース系破砕物及び熱可塑性樹脂材料であり、着色木質合成粉にあっては、セルロース系破砕物と、熱可塑性樹脂材料及び着色剤である。
【0035】
1−1−1.〔セルロース系破砕物〕
木質合成粉ないしは着色木質合成粉の原材料となるセルロース系破砕物は、廃棄された建築廃材等の木材や回収した故紙等を破砕したもの、木材を切断した際に生じる鋸屑等のセルロース系破砕物であり、本実施例ではセルロース系破砕物として木粉を使用している。セルロース系破砕物として木粉を使用する場合には、木粉の粒径を熱可塑性樹脂材料とのなじみを良好とし、成形押し出し時における木粉の摩擦抵抗を減じ成形機の損耗、毀損の防止を図る目的から、50〜300メッシュ、好ましくは、60(篩下)〜150メッシュ(篩上)とする微細な粉末状とし、成形時における木酸ガスを揮散し、水蒸気あるいは気泡発生のおそれをなくし、表面の肌荒れを防止する意図からその含有水分量を15wt%以内、好ましくは0.3〜0.4wt%以内の範囲内としたものである。
【0036】
1−1−2.〔熱可塑性樹脂材料〕
熱可塑性樹脂材料は、自動車のバンパーや内装品、家庭電気製品、ビニルハウス等に使用される農業用のビニル等、種々の廃棄された樹脂成形品を回収し、又はバージンの熱可塑性樹脂材料を使用することができ、前述廃棄された各種の樹脂成形品を使用する場合にはこの樹脂成形品をそのままもしくは表面樹脂塗膜を形成した樹脂成形品を複数の各小片に破砕し、前記破砕された個々の各小片に対して、圧縮研削作用を付加して樹脂塗膜を研削、剥離し、前記研削された個々の各小片に対して、微振動に基づいた圧縮衝撃力を付加して圧潰粉砕させ、かつ圧潰粉砕によって剥離された樹脂塗膜を随時に除去し熱可塑性樹脂材料として素材化した、PVC(ポリ塩化ビニル)、PE(ポリエチレン)、PP(ポリプロピレン)、PC(ポリカーボネート)、ナイロン等の硬質の樹脂の一種又はこれらの数種の混合したものを用いることができる。
【0037】
なお、熱可塑性樹脂材料は、バージンの熱可塑性樹脂と前記回収熱可塑性樹脂材料をそれぞれ、例えば50%ずつ用いることもでき、例えばバージンのPVCと、ビニルハウス等に使用される農業用の軟質塩化ビニルの廃品を洗浄粗砕して回収したPVCを混合して使用することができる。
【0038】
1−1−3.〔着色剤〕
後述の着色木質合成粉を得る場合には、前記セルロース系破砕物と熱可塑性樹脂材料に加えて、着色木質合成粉の原材料として着色剤を添加する。
【0039】
着色剤としては、着色木質合成粉を白色に着色する場合には、例えば、チタンホワイト等の白色系着色剤を、黄色に着色する場合には、クロームエロー、チタンエロー、黄鉛等の黄色系着色剤、黒色に着色する場合には、カーボンブラツクや20メッシュ以下に整粒された木炭粉等の黒色系着色剤、黄茶色に着色する場合には、酸化鉄(ベンガラ)等の黄茶色系着色剤を使用する。
【0040】
なお、着色剤としては、前記セルロース系破砕物、熱可塑性樹脂材料、着色剤を後述する方法でゲル化混練して得られた着色木質合成粉を着色剤として使用することもでき、例えば、白色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉をセルロース系破砕物に対して1〜20wt%混入することにより、着色剤として使用された着色木質合成粉中の着色剤が希釈されて、木粉の有する黄茶色が強く表れた黄茶色の着色木質合成粉を得ることができる。
【0041】
1−1−4.
前述の木質合成粉及び着色木質合成粉の原材料は、生成される木質合成粉及び着色木質合成粉の種類に応じて、好ましくは、以下の混合範囲で配合され、後述の流動混合混練手段により混練される。
【0042】
【表3】
Figure 0003602605
【0043】
1−2.〔流動混合混練手段〕
上記に配合された原料は、以下の「流動混合混練手段」たる「ミキサー」内に投入されてゲル化混練される。
【0044】
図1において、80は原材料を混合し、混練して「混練材料」を形成する流動混合混練手段で、本実施例おいて、便宜上「ミキサー」という。
【0045】
81はミキサー本体で、上面開口を有する円筒形を成し容量が300リットルのケーシングであり、前記開口はミキサー本体81内に原材料を投入する投入口94で、この投入口94を開閉自在な上蓋82で被蓋する。上蓋82には、ミキサー本体81内で木粉から発生した多量の水蒸気ないしは木酸ガスを排出するガス排出管95を連通している。さらに、ミキサー本体81の底面付近の外周面に1ヶ所の排出口88を設け、この排出口88を被蓋する蓋89をシリンダ91のロッド先端に設け、シリンダ91の作動により前記排出口88を開閉自在に設けている。93は排出ダクトで、前記排出口88に連通している。
【0046】
さらに、ミキサー本体81の底面の中心には図示せざるモータ37KW(DC)の回転駆動手段により820rpm/max で高速回転する軸83をミキサー本体81内の上方に向けて軸承し、この軸83に下から上方へ順にスクレイパー84、撹拌衝撃翼85,86,87を装着し、軸83の先端から締付ナット92で締め付けている。なお、前記各撹拌衝撃翼85,86,87の形状は特に限定されないが、本実施例では軸83を中心に対称を成す2枚羽根である。図1のように3個の撹拌衝撃翼を重ねた場合は全部で6枚の羽根で成り、これら6枚の羽根は平面で360度を6等分した等分角(60度)を成すように互いに交叉した状態で重ねている。なお、複数個の撹拌衝撃翼を設けた場合、撹拌衝撃翼の合計の羽根数で360度を等分した角度で互いに交叉して重ねることは原材料を効率良く混練する点で好ましい。
【0047】
なお、前記スクレイパー84はミキサー本体81の底面を僅かに摺接して回転し、ミキサー本体81内で混練された原材料をミキサー本体81の底面に残留しないよう掻き出し、且つ原材料を循環するものである。
【0048】
前記上蓋82を開放して投入口94から投入する原材料は、木質合成粉の生成にあっては木粉等のセルロース系の破砕物と、熱可塑性樹脂材料であり、着色木質合成粉の生成にあっては、セルロース系破砕物を投入した後、着色剤を添加し、短時間両者を混合した後、熱可塑性樹脂材料を投入して三者のゲル化混練を行う。
【0049】
なお、木質合成粉ないしは着色木質合成粉を生成する工程において原料中に充填材を充填してもよく、特に充填材として酸化チタンを充填することにより流動性、溶液中における分散性が良好となり、本発明の木質合成板に対して温度変化に伴う膨張収縮を著しく少なくすることに寄与すると共に、酸化チタンの有する白色若しくは黄色により、着色剤としても作用するので、木質合成板の地色の発色を鮮やかなものとし、かつ、木質合成板中に形成される木目模様を際立たせることができる。
【0050】
1−3.〔冷却造粒手段〕
前記流動混合混練手段により得られた各混練材料は、以下の冷却造粒手段にて造粒される。
【0051】
図2において、100は前述した混練材料を混合し撹拌して「造粒木粉」を形成する冷却造粒手段であり、本実施例では「クーリングミキサー」という。
【0052】
101はミキサー本体で、逆円錐形状を成すケーシングであり上面を被蓋し、一方、下端に排出口107を設け、この排出口107をバルブ106で開閉自在に設けている。ミキサー本体101の外周壁内にジャケット102を形成し、このジャケット102内に給水管108から排水管109へ常時、冷却水を供給し、クーリングミキサー100内の原材料の温度を熱可塑性樹脂材料の融点近傍まで冷却するよう保持される。なお、ミキサー本体101の上壁面にはクーリングミキサー100内で発生した水蒸気ないしは木酸ガスを排出する図示せざる排出ダクトを連通している。
【0053】
前記ミキサー本体101の上壁内の略中心にはアーム103が略水平方向に回動可能に軸支され、このアーム103は減速装置112を介してモータ111により約3rpm の速度で回転駆動される。さらに、前記アーム103の回転軸は中空軸であり、この中空軸内に独立して回転する他の回転軸を設け、この回転軸にモータ105の出力軸を連結している。一方、前記アーム103の先端には撹拌破砕翼104を軸承し、この撹拌破砕翼104は本実施例ではスクリュー型を成すものであり、該撹拌破砕翼104の回転軸線方向をミキサー本体101の内周壁面に沿って略平行に下方へミキサー本体101の下端付近まで延長している。撹拌破砕翼104はアーム103内に設けた歯車等による回転伝達手段を介して前記モータ105の出力軸に連結する回転軸に連結され90rpm の速度で回転駆動される。
【0054】
なお、ミキサー本体101の上壁には投入口113を設け、この投入口113に前述したミキサー80の排出ダクト93を連通する。
【0055】
前述したミキサー80で形成された混練材料は排出ダクト93を経てクーリングミキサー100の投入口113からミキサー本体101内へ投入される。撹拌破砕翼104はモータ105により90rpm の速度で回転し、しかも、アーム103が減速装置112を介して減速されたモータ111の回転力により3rpm の速度で水平方向に回転するので、前記撹拌破砕翼104はミキサー本体101の内周壁面に沿って円錐を描くように回転し、アーム103内の混練材料を撹拌する。混練材料はジャケット102内の冷却水により冷却されたミキサー本体101の内周壁面で冷却され、直径約25mm以下に造粒された「造粒木粉」が形成され、この造粒木粉はバルブ106を開放して排出口107より排出される。
【0056】
なお、クーリングミキサー100で冷却される混練材料は、原材料中の熱可塑性樹脂材料の凝固点すなわち融点以下に冷却されることが望ましいが、木粉を混合しているので熱可塑性樹脂材料の融点以下にまで下げる必要はなく、実際には造粒木粉が排出口107より排出可能な温度まで冷却されれば良く、混練材料内の熱可塑性樹脂材料の融点より約10℃高い温度まで冷却すれば良い。
【0057】
なお、冷却造粒手段は上記のクーリングミキサーのような装置に限定されるものではなく、ミキサー本体内の混練材料を撹拌する撹拌羽根を設け且つミキサー本体の外周壁面に前述したようなジャケットを設け、このジャケット内を流れる冷却水でミキサー本体内の混練材料を冷却するものであれば良い。
【0058】
なお、ミキサー80で形成された混練材料は前記ジャケット102を備えていない一般的なミキサーを用いて撹拌のみを行なって冷却することも可能であるが、この場合は混練材料内の熱可塑性樹脂材料の融点より約10℃程度高い温度まで冷却するとしても約30分かかるので、本実施例のようなクーリングミキサーの冷却造粒手段で造粒木粉を形成することが望ましい。
【0059】
1−4.〔整粒手段〕
前記冷却造粒手段で得られた各「造粒木粉」は、さらに整粒手段を使用して粒径10mm以下に整粒され、「木質合成粉」ないしは「着色木質合成粉」となる。
【0060】
図3において、120は前述した造粒木粉を整粒する整粒手段であり、本実施例では「カッタミル」を用いている。
【0061】
121はカッタミル本体で、上面開口を有する円筒形を成すケーシングであり、前記開口を開閉自在な蓋122で被蓋する。前記蓋122はカッタミル本体121内に造粒木粉を投入する投入口123を備えている。
【0062】
また、前記カッタミル本体121内にはカッタミル本体121の底面に軸承されて図示せざる回転駆動手段で水平方向に回転するカッタ支持体124を設け、このカッタ支持体124の外周に上下方向に長い回転刃125を3枚を設け、これらの3枚の回転刃125はカッタ支持体124の回転方向で120度の等角度を成すように配設し、3枚の回転刃125の刃先は同一の回転軌跡上に位置している。さらに、前記3枚の回転刃125の刃先の回転軌跡に対して僅かな隙間を介して二の固定刃126を回転刃125の刃先の回転軌跡の略対称位置にカッタミル本体121に固定し、二の固定刃126とカッタ支持体124と回転刃125とでカッタミル本体121内を二分し、投入室127と整粒室128を形成する。前記蓋122の投入口123は前記投入室127に連通する。なお、二の固定刃126と回転刃125との隙間は造粒木粉を所望の大きさに整粒できるよう自在に調整できる。また、整粒室128は前記二の固定刃126間を回転刃125の回転軌跡の周囲を囲むようにスクリーン129で仕切っている。なお、スクリーン129は、本実施例では8mm程度の大きさの整粒された「木質合成粉」ないしは「着色木質合成粉」である整粒物が通過できるメッシュで形成している。また、整粒室128のカッタミル本体121の下端にはカッタミル120で前記整粒物を排出する排出口131を設けている。
【0063】
以上のカッタミル120において、蓋122の投入口123から前述したクーリングミキサー100で形成した造粒木粉を投入し、図示せざる回転駆動手段でカッタ支持体124を回転すると、造粒木粉はカッタ支持体124の回転刃125と固定刃126間で約0.1〜8mmの木質合成粉に切断され「木質合成粉」ないしは「着色木質合成粉」が形成され、いわゆる熱可塑性樹脂材料が熱的、化学的に安定して木粉粒に固定化された状態を定常的に維持し得るようにして木粉と熱可塑性樹脂材料及び着色剤との混合、分散状態を定常的に維持すべく、良好なる流動性を与える木質合成粉が形成され、且つ冷却による凝縮、縮小作用とも相まって、化学的な反応とか接着によらない木質合成粉が形成され、整粒室128のスクリーン129のメッシュを通過して排出口131より排出される。
【0064】
2.木目模様を有する木質合成板の製造実施例
前述のようにして得られた木質合成粉及び着色木質合成粉は、木質合成粉と着色木質合成粉、又は2種類以上の着色木質合成粉を後述の押出し機70のホッパ73を介して押出し機70内に投入される。
【0065】
2−1.押出し工程
2−1−1.〔押出機70〕
図4において、70は単軸押出機であるが、一般に押出機は通常スクリュー形であり、単軸押出機と多軸押出機があり、この変形又はこれらが組み合わさった構造を持つものがあり、本発明にはいずれの押出機をも使用することができる。
【0066】
71はスクリューで、単軸型であり、このスクリュー71はギヤ減速機72を介して図示せざるモータによって駆動され、バレル74内で回転する。この回転するスクリュー71でホッパ73から投入された木質合成板と着色木質合成粉又は2種以上の着色木質合成板が混練されながらスクリュー71の前方へ押し出される。
【0067】
以下、茶ベースの木質合成板に黒色の木目模様を形成するために、黄茶色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉と、黒色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉とを押出し機70内に投入した場合の木目の形成される工程について説明する。
【0068】
バレル74の外面にはバンドヒータ75を設けており、このバンドヒータ75によりバレル74内の2種類の木質合成粉が加熱されてスクリュー71の溝に沿って前方へ輸送されながら漸次溶融し練成される。この過熱・混練の際、前記2種類の着色木質合成粉は、溶解時間の差等により、その色彩が完全に融合することなく、押出し生地79中に色ムラのある状態で溶け込んでいる。そのため、黄茶色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉に含まれる黄茶色系の着色剤に対して際立つ色彩である、黒色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉中に含有される黒色系着色剤は、このムラにより押出し生地79中に縞線模様を生じさせる。なお、このような模様を生じさせる2種類の着色木質合成粉の溶解時間の相違は、木質合成粉中への充填材混入の有無、木粉等のセルロース系破砕物の添加量の相違によるものと考えられる。
【0069】
そして、この押出し生地79は、スクリーン76及びアダプタ17を経てアダプタ17の押出ダイ19から成形ダイ10へ押出し生地79として押出される。
【0070】
ホッパ73内に投入する原材料は前述の工程で製造された木質合成粉は、前述の2種類の着色木質合成粉に限らず、着色されていない木質合成粉と、着色された着色木質合成粉を組合せて投入しても良く、また、着色された2色以上(例えば4色)の着色木質合成粉を投入しても良い。
【0071】
なお、着色木質合成粉及び木質合成粉又は着色木質合成粉は、製造される木質合成板の色彩及びこの木質合成板中に形成される木目の色彩に応じて、好ましくは、以下の範囲で混合される。
【0072】
【表4】
Figure 0003602605
【0073】
2−2.成形工程
2−2−1.〔成形ダイ10〕
図5〜図8において、10は成形ダイで、押出機70の断面矩形の押出ダイ19の射出口から吐出された押出し生地79を押出す導入部11と、導入部11から押出された押出し生地79を幅広で所定の肉厚の板状に成形する成形室、本実施例では、幅550mm、高さ13mmの細長の矩形状の断面を成す成形室22から成る。
【0074】
11は導入部で、成形ダイ10内に成形ダイ10の幅方向に形成され、前記押出ダイ19の幅とほぼ同等もしくは若干大きく形成し、横断面の形状は成形ダイ10の幅方向に湾曲して延長する導入室13の両端が成形室22の長手方向の両端に及んで、いわゆるコート・ハンガー型に形成されている。
【0075】
なお、前記導入室13はコート・ハンガー型の他、ストレイト・マニホールド型に形成してもよいが、導入部11及び導入室13内を押し出される押出し生地79の流動性が優れているという点で、前述した湾曲形状のコート・ハンガー型が好ましい。
【0076】
又、前記導入部11及び導入室13にも好ましくは、後述のフッ素樹脂でなるシート24を貼設する。
【0077】
なお、前記成形室22は、加熱及び冷却手段をそれぞれ備える上下2枚の金属板を両側縁に配置した金属製の図示せざるスペーサで断面方形に形成したもので、前記スペーサの交換により任意の目的とする木質合成板の肉厚が得られるように調整する。
【0078】
成形ダイ10は、一例として、幅550mm、高さ13mmの細長の矩形状の断面を成し、成形室22の入口からダイ出口23までの距離(押出し方向の距離)は1,000mmである。
【0079】
2−2−2.成形ダイ内の構造
前記成形室22の上下左右の四方の内壁面は厚さ0.25mmのフッ素樹脂でなるシート24を貼設している。この他に、成形室22の上下左右の四方の内壁面にフッ素樹脂を直接表面コーティングすることもできるが、交換が容易でありフッ素樹脂のコーティング加工が容易で耐久性に富むという点で、フッ素樹脂のシート24を貼設することが特に好ましい。
【0080】
前記シート24は特に好ましくは、ガラス織布の表面にフッ素樹脂のフィルムをコーティングしたものであり、フッ素樹脂には上述のように、テフロンTFE、テフロンFEP、テフロンCTFE、テフロンVdF等がある。なお、前記ガラス織布はガラス繊維の不織布でもよい。
【0081】
なお、前述のフッ素樹脂のコーティング加工は、成形室22の上下の内壁面、すなわち木質合成板の表裏面を形成する面に相当する内壁面に施すこともできるが、前述したように成形室22の上下左右の内壁面全体に施すことが望ましい。
【0082】
図5おいて、14はヒータで、電熱ヒータ等の加熱手段から成り、押出し生地79を加熱保温し、押出し生地79の流動性を維持するため、成形ダイ10全体の長手方向の4分の1にわたる導入部11を含む溶融部21aに相当する成形室22の上下の成形ダイ10内に4本等間隔で挿通して配管設置されている。
【0083】
また、25は冷却管で、成形ダイ10の成形室22の徐冷部21bを冷却する冷却手段の一例を示すもので、成形室22の押出し方向に適当な間隔毎に、この冷却管25に常温の水又は70〜80℃程度までの水あるいは油等の冷却媒体たる冷却液を供給して成形室22内の押出し生地79を冷却する。この冷却管の配管は成形室22内の押出し生地79の徐冷効果を向上するために成形ダイ10のダイ出口23の方向に向けて4分の3を占める徐冷部21bに、成形室22の上下の成形ダイ10内に8本等間隔で挿通して配管設置されている。なお、冷却管25の間隔を次第に狭くするように設けることもでき、あるいは冷却管25を成形ダイ10の外壁に配設することもできるが、成形室22内の押出し生地79を冷却できればよいので、この実施例の構造に限定されない。
【0084】
2−2−3.変流体
図5から図8において、40は変流体で、円柱状、針状等の種々の形状のものが考えられるが、本実施例では幅20mm、長さ50mm、高さ13mmの角柱状金属体を使用している。変流体40は、断面弧形の基部44およびダイ出口23に向かって傾斜する傾斜部43を備える案内板15と一体に設けられ、変流体40は、案内板15を基部とする略櫛歯状を成し、本実施例では3本の断面矩形の杆状の部材に形成した全長50mm、幅20mmの変流体40を前記案内板15と一体に、成型室の上下壁面に上下端を当接し、上下壁面に連続する高さに形成されている。
【0085】
前記案内板15は、前記成形ダイの導入室に該導入室の幅方向の全長の70〜95%の全長を有し、且つ該導入部の高さの70%以下の高さに設けられており、また、案内部15上に先端をダイ出口23に向けて配置されている。
【0086】
そして、前記変流体40は、それぞれ、成形室22の長手方向すなわち、押出し方向に平行に等間隔で複数列配設されている。
【0087】
前記案内板15及び、変流体40は、全外表面に0.1〜0.5mm厚のテフロン等のフッ素樹脂でなるシートを貼設することができる。この案内板15を高さ13mm、幅550mmを成す前記導入室13内に、該導入室13の幅方向で成形室幅方向両側縁に対して50mmづつの間隔を有するよう略中央に位置させ、さらに案内板15の後端縁を導入部11の後端壁面に略平行間隔を有するように位置させ、この案内板15を成形ダイ10に図6に示すようにボルト27で導入室13の下面に固定する。したがって案内部15の上面と導入孔13の上面との間にも隙間が形成される。
【0088】
なお、案内板15および、変流体40は、その板厚、幅及び間隔を成形室22の容積に応じて適宜選択することができる。
【0089】
このように、成形ダイ10の溶融部21a内に変流体40設けることで、成形ダイ内を押し出される押出し生地79はその流れに変化を加えられる。すなわち、押出し生地79は、溶融部21a内に配置された変流体40,40の間を通過して、成形ダイ10の出口に向かって押し出されるが、押出し生地79は極めて粘度が高いので、この押出し生地79が前記変流体40,40間を通過する際に、変流体40と接触し、この変流体40と接触した押出し生地79はその摩擦抵抗により流速を減退する。一方、変流体40より離れた位置を通過する押出し生地79、すなわち、変流体40と変流体40の中間付近を通過する押出し生地79は、前記摩擦抵抗による影響を殆ど受けることなく変流体40,40間を通過する。
【0090】
このようにして、成形室22内の溶融部22aを通過する押出し生地79は、前記整流板20の存在によりその流れに変化を与えられ、押出ダイ19より吐出された不規則な縞模様を有する押出し生地79の模様は、押出し生地79の押し出し方向下流に頂点を有する放物線状の縞模様、ないしは押出し生地79の流れ方向上流から下流に向かって略直線上の柾目模様に変形する。
【0091】
2−2−5.成形ダイ内の作用
押出機70の押出ダイ19より押出された押出し生地79は、成形室22の入口より成形室22内に押し出され、成形室22の両側壁に向かって押し出され、図6中の矢印で示すように押し出される。
【0092】
このとき成形室21の溶融部22aは、ヒータ14で加熱されているので、押出し生地79の流動性は維持されており、押出し生地79は良好な流動性を付与されて押出される。このようにして成形ダイの溶融部22a内に吐出された押出し生地79は、成形室22の溶融部22a内を成形ダイの出口方向に向かって押し出されるが、この成形室22の溶融部22a内には、前述の変流体40が設けられており、この変流体40により、その流れに対して変化が与えられる。すなわち、変流体40,40間を通過する押出し生地79は、この変流体40,40との摩擦抵抗により変流体40近傍を通過する押出し生地79と、変流体20より離れた位置、すなわち変流体40と変流体40の中間位置を押し出される押出し生地79とではその流速に変化を生じ、図6中に一点鎖線で示すように、その流れを変化する。この流れの変化により、変流体40,40間を結ぶ押出し生地の流れ方向下流にその頂点を有する複数の放物線が形成される。押出し生地79中に含まれる木粉量が多い場合には、押出し生地79の粘性が高くなり、変流体近傍を流れる押出し生地と変流体より離れた位置を流れる押出し生地の流速の変化が顕著となり、この放物線は、その頂点をより押出し生地の流れ方向下流に位置させて、押出し生地の流れ方向上流から下流に向かうほぼ直線状の柾目状の線となって現れる。したがって、木質合成粉ないしは着色木質合成粉の製造に際して、木質合成粉ないしは着色木質合成粉中の木粉量を調整することで、木質合成板中に形成される木目模様を放物線状の木目模様や、柾目状の木目模様等、所望の木目模様とすることができる。
【0093】
その後、複数の放物線状の縞模様ないしは、直線状の柾目模様の形成された押出し生地は、成形室の徐冷部内を押し出されて冷却される。
【0094】
なお、成形ダイ10内の押出し生地79は、後述するブレーキ手段30により、押出し生地79の押出力に抗する抑制力を加えることが可能であり、この抑制力を加えた場合には、押出し生地79はより密度を高められ、このとき、押出し生地79に加えられた抑制力により、押出し生地79は成形室22内で成形室22の幅方向に広がる方向に加圧されるので、押出し生地79の流れの変化に従って板目状に歪められて、あたかも天然の木目模様の如き風合いを有する不規則な木目模様が形成される。
【0095】
そして、ブレーキ手段の押出し生地79に対する抑制力を後述調整手段により調整して、木粉含有量を問わず、所望の木目を得る。
【0096】
この押出し生地は、成形室22内を通過する過程で冷却管25内を流れる冷却水により冷却されて固形化され100mmの肉厚の製品としての木目模様の形成された木質合成板29が成形される。
【0097】
2−3.成形板の押出しの抑制
2−3−1.〔ブレーキ手段30〕
前述した成形ダイ10のダイ出口23より押出された木質合成板29に対してブレーキ手段30により押出し方向と反対方向へ抵抗力を加えて、木質合成板29の押出し力を抑制することができる。以下に、ブレーキ手段30の実施例を図を参照して説明する。
【0098】
図9及び図10において、3本の自在ピンチローラ31bの軸の両端を軸承する軸受34aをそれぞれ、軸受固定フレーム36に固定し、固定ピンチローラ31aを各軸に設けた歯車116と、この歯車116に噛合する歯車117で連動し、3本の固定ピンチローラ31aのうち1本の固定ピンチローラ31aの軸にパウダブレーキ115の入力軸を連結する。パウダブレーキ115は、いわゆる電磁ブレーキであり、摩擦トルクを電気的に微妙に調整できるものである。
【0099】
さらに、軸受固定フレーム36にフレーム114を立設し、このフレーム114の壁面にガイド溝を備えたブロック状のガイド体119を2本をそれぞれ、該119の軸線方向を上下方向に向けて略平行に設け、各3本の自在ピンチローラ31bの軸の両端を軸承する軸受34bを前記ガイド体119のガイド溝に沿って上下動自在に設け、前記軸受34bをそれぞれ、フレーム114の上面に設けた3本のエアシリンダ118のロッドの先端に連結する。
【0100】
したがって、シリンダ118の作動により、3本の自在ピンチローラ31bをそれぞれ、木質合成板29を介して固定ピンチローラ31aに加圧し、3本の固定ピンチローラ31aの内1本の固定ピンチローラ31aの軸はパウダブレーキ115により回転を抑制され、この固定ピンチローラ31aの軸に設けた歯車116が他の2本の固定ピンチローラ31a,31aの軸に設けた歯車116,116に歯車117,117を介して噛合しているので、3本の固定ピンチローラ31aにはパウダブレーキ115の摩擦トルクによる同一の回転抑制力が作用する。
【0101】
ちなみに、パウダブレーキ115により固定ピンチローラ31aの回転を抑制する摩擦トルクは、成形する木質合成板29の板厚により調整する。
【0102】
したがって、パウダブレーキ115の摩擦トルクは木質合成板29の押出し力に対する抑制力と成り、成形ダイ10の導入部11内の押出し生地79をより一層高密度で均一な状態にし、この均一で高密度の押出し生地79は押出機70による押出し生地79の押出し力により前記ブレーキ手段30の抑制力に抗して前進し、成形室22内で冷却され木質合成板29が成形される。この木質合成板29はパウダブレーキ115の抑制力に抗して前記固定ピンチローラ31a及び自在ピンチローラ31bを回転させながら前進する。
【0103】
前記抑制力は木質合成板29を介して成形室22内の押出し生地79に、押出機により加えられる成形室22内の押出し生地79の押出し力に対して抗力を与えることにより、成形室22内の押出し生地79の全体がより一層密度が均一で高密度になる。
【0104】
前記抑制力により、押出ダイ19より吐出した押出し生地79が、その押出し方向よりむしろ成形ダイ10の幅方向へ拡げられた状態で押出され、従って、成形ダイの成形室の溶融部内で形成された放物線状の縞模様は、このブレーキ手段による押圧力の調整、パウダーブレーキの調整により湾曲し又は歪められて、前述のように、自然の風合いを有する所望の不規則な木目状の模様に変化する。
【0105】
この木目状の模様は、木目模様を模したシートを貼付けした場合や、木質合成板表面に描いた木目模様とは異なり、木質合成板の内層においても形成され、従って、本発明の方法及び装置により製造された木質合成板は、表面をカンナやノミ等で削った場合や、鋸で切断した切断面にも美しい木目模様が形成されており、しかもこの木目模様は、前記従来の木目模様とは異なり、木目のパーターン等が一定しておらず、天然の木目模様の風合いを有する。
【0106】
3−3.木質合成板の製造例
次に、本発明の方法及び装置によって製造される木質合成板の製造例を示す。
【0107】
【表5】
Figure 0003602605
【0108】
Figure 0003602605
表中、「材料」第1合成粉,第2合成粉,第3合成粉,第4合成粉は、それぞれ第1着色木質合成粉,第2着色木質合成粉,第3着色木質合成粉,第4着色木質合成粉を示す。
【0109】
以上の製品としての木質合成板W300mm、H30mm、L2000mmの木質合成板を、幅方向に100mm幅で鋸盤により切断し、細長形状のオーク材ないしはナラ材調の天然の風合を有する木目模様を有する木質合成板を得た。この木質合成板は、切断面にも天然の風合を有する美しい木目模様が形成されており、窓枠、サッシュ枠、ドアー枠、家具材、フローリングの床材等の用途に使用される。
【0110】
【表6】
Figure 0003602605
【0111】
Figure 0003602605
以上の製品としての成形板29である木質合成板 W300mm、H30mm、L2000mmをシャーリングにより長さ方向に100mm間隔に切断し、長方形状の桧 調の風合を有する木質合成板を得る。
【0112】
このような薄板は、各種建築材料、家具材料、機器パーツ等として広範囲な使用目的に向けた素材となる。例えば、上記の木質合成板は、家屋の室内装飾用の化粧板などの建築材として使用され、あるいは約300mm四方の大きさに加工してフロアリングブロックなどの床材として使用される。さらに、他の用途として、自動車の車内の内装材として、例えば、運転席のメータパネル周りの化粧板、トランスミッション周囲の化粧板、その他の車内の壁面の化粧板として使用され、高級感を得ることができる。機器パーツとしては電気機器等のボックスパネルや他の機器の化粧板として使用される。
【0113】
以上のように、本発明の方法及び装置によれば、薄板から厚板に及ぶ広範囲な肉厚の木質合成板に、その内層に迄至る木目模様を成形可能であり、フローリングの床材、サッシュー又はドア枠、天井板、ベランダのてすり、家具材、テレビ、ステレオ等の電化成品の化粧板、自動車の内外装部品等、各種の用途に使用でき、広範囲な使用目的に向けた素材が成形される。
【0114】
なお、本発明の方法及び装置により製造される木質合成板は高密度であるので多量の木粉を混入でき、木粉は熱可塑性樹脂より半値以下で遥かに安価であるため安価な木質合成板が成形される。また、多量の木粉を混入される木質合成板は天然の木材パネルに近い性質を有する優れた板材である。
【0115】
【発明の効果】
前記本発明の構成により、模様のパターンが不規則であり天然の木材の風合いを有すると共に、木質合成板の内層においても木目模様の形成可能な木質合成板の製造方法及び装置を提供することができた。したがって、木質合成板の成形後に、この木質合成板を切断・切削等しても、この切断・切削面にも美しい木目が表出し、加工性に優れた木質合成板を提供することができた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例に使用するミキサー(流動混合混練手段)の要部断面を示す全体正面図である。
【図2】本発明の実施例に使用するクーリングミキサー(冷却造粒手段)の要部断面を示す全体正面図である。
【図3】本発明の実施例に使用するカッタミル(整粒手段)の要部断面を示す全体正面図である。
【図4】本発明の実施例に使用する押出機の要部断面を示す全体正面図である。
【図5】本発明の実施例の成形ダイの要部断面図である。
【図6】本発明の実施例の成形ダイの要部断面平面図。
【図7】本発明の実施例の成形ダイの要部断面斜視図。
【図8】本発明の実施例の成形ダイの成形室内を示す要部断面図。
【図9】本発明の実施例のブレーキ手段を示す平面図である。
【図10】図7の矢視N−N線の縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
10 成形ダイ
11 導入部
13 導入室
14 ヒータ
16 スクリーン部
17 アダプタ
19 押出ダイ
21a 溶融部
21b 徐冷部
22 成形室
23 ダイ出口
24 シート(フッ素樹脂の)
25 冷却管
29 木質合成板
30 ブレーキ手段
31 ピンチローラ
31a 固定ピンチローラ
31b 自在ピンチローラ
32 軸
33 ブレーキドラム
34,34a,34b 軸受
36 軸受固定フレーム
38 ガイドシャフト
40 変流体(変流体)
43 傾斜部
44 基部
70 押出機
71 スクリュー
72 ギヤ減速機
73 ホッパ
74 バレル
75 バンドヒータ
76 スクリーン
79 押出し生地
80 ミキサー(流動混合混練手段)
81 ミキサー本体
82 上蓋
83 軸
84 スクレイパー
85,86,87 撹拌衝撃翼
88 排出口
89 蓋
91 シリンダ
92 締付ナット
93 排出ダクト
94 投入口
95 ガス排出管
100 クーリングミキサー(冷却造粒手段)
101 ミキサー本体
102 ジャケット
103 アーム
104 撹拌破砕翼
105 モータ
106 バルブ
107 排出口
108 給水管
109 排水管
111 モータ
120 カッタミル(整粒手段)
121 カッタミル本体
122 蓋
123 投入口
124 カッタ支持体
125 回転刃
126 固定刃
127 投入室
128 整粒室
129 スクリーン
131 排出口[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for forming a woody synthetic board using a woody synthetic powder comprising a thermoplastic resin material and a cellulosic crushed material such as wood flour as a molding material, and more particularly to building materials, automobiles, and interior and exterior of vehicles. A mixed raw material of thermoplastic resin material and cellulosic crushed material applied to various uses such as parts, or a woody synthetic powder composed of these mixed raw materials is used as a molding material. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for forming a wood grain pattern on a wood composite board.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Cellulose-based crushed materials and thermoplastic resin materials have been used in various daily necessities, including building materials, automobiles, home electric appliances, etc., with the diversification of life in recent years, and are discarded in large quantities. There is a social demand for recycling synthetic resin products.
[0003]
Conventionally, there have been various developments of molded resin products based on wood flours and thermoplastic resin materials of this kind. In particular, in recent years, the sensitivity to environmental protection has been sharpened, the cost of wood has risen, and the sense of wood products has increased. Due to the persistent potential demand, there is a demand for the development of a wooden synthetic board having a natural texture using these waste materials.
[0004]
In producing the wood composite board, a wood grain pattern is conventionally printed on the surface of the wood synthetic board, or a sheet cloth imitating the wood grain pattern is laminated, or a molding die is used in order to obtain a natural wood texture. There are those which go through various processes, such as engraving a wood grain pattern on the molding surface of, or drawing a wood grain pattern at the time of paint finishing.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-mentioned conventional wood-based synthetic boards, in any case, the wood grain pattern is formed only on the surface portion of the wood-based synthetic board, and if the wood grain pattern disappears due to wear of the surface of the wood-based synthetic board, at a glance It is known that it is an artificial grain. Also, the formation of grain is only manifested on the surface of the wood composite board, and when cutting and processing this wood composite board to manufacture furniture and fittings, the grain on the surface disappears, It was deteriorating. Therefore, the wood composite board needs to be manufactured according to the size of furniture and fittings to be manufactured in advance, and the synthetic board once manufactured cannot be used for other purposes, and the use is extremely limited. Was to be done.
[0006]
In addition, the wood grain drawn on the surface of the wood composite board lacked the taste of the wood grain pattern itself, such as the uniform wood grain pattern, and did not have the texture of natural wood that gives people a sense of security and peace of mind .
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the related art, and has a method of manufacturing a woody synthetic board having a wood pattern having a wood grain pattern even in an inner layer while having a pattern of a pattern that is not constant and has a natural wood texture. To provide.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the wood grain formation method of the present invention comprises a wood-based synthetic board having a grain size of 20 to 80 wt% having a moisture content of 15 wt% or less and an average particle size of 20 mesh or less; ~ 80 wt% are mixed by a stirring impact blade, gelled and kneaded by frictional heat, then cooled and sized to a particle size of 10 mm or less to form a woody synthetic powder, with a water content of 15 wt% or less. 20 to 80 wt% of a cellulosic crushed product having an average particle diameter of 20 mesh or less, 20 to 80 wt% of a thermoplastic resin material, and a colorant are mixed by a stirring impeller, gelled and kneaded by frictional heat, and then cooled. To form a colored woody synthetic powder by forming a grain size of 10 mm or less, mixing the woody synthetic powder with the colored woody synthetic powder, heating and kneading the mixed raw material, and extruding with a screw. Extruded into the molding chamber of the molding die from b, imparting resistance to the flow of the extruded dough extruded into the molding die, changing the flow of the extruded dough, forming a wood grain pattern on the extruded dough, A step of gradually cooling and hardening the extruded dough.
[0009]
In another grain formation method of the present invention, different types of cellulose-based crushed material having a water content of 15 wt% or less and having an average particle size of 20 mesh or less, 20 to 80 wt%, and a thermoplastic resin material 20 to 80 wt% are used. Each of the colorants is mixed with a stirring impact blade, gelled and kneaded by frictional heat, then cooled to form a particle size of 10 mm or less, and a plurality of types of colorants each containing a different colorant are added. A step of forming a woody synthetic powder, and mixing a plurality of types of colored woody synthetic powders having different colors obtained in the above step, heating and kneading the mixed raw materials, and using a screw to form a forming chamber of a forming die from an extrusion die. Extruded into the forming die, imparting resistance to the flow of the extruded dough, giving a change to the flow of the extruded dough, forming a wood grain pattern on the extruded dough, Characterized in that it comprises a curing gradually cooled dough.
[0010]
As a colorant to be gelled and kneaded with the cellulose crushed material and the thermoplastic resin material, the colored woody synthetic powder can be used,
The woody synthetic board can be manufactured by mixing the woody synthetic powder with the colored woody synthetic powder added as a colorant with the colored woody synthetic powder with the colorant of another color added at 15 to 40 wt%.
[0011]
Further, as the colorants, respectively, yellow, black, white or yellow-brown colorants are used, and these colorants are used for the cellulosic crushed material. 3 to 10 wt%, 3 to 10 wt% for a black colorant, and 20 to 60 wt% for a white colorant.
[0012]
When mixing the colored woody synthetic powder and the woody synthetic powder or the colored woody synthetic powder, the colored woody synthetic powder and the woody synthetic powder or the colored woody synthetic powder to be mixed may be made of the same thermoplastic resin material as a raw material. It is suitable.
[0013]
In addition, the mixing ratio of the colored woody synthetic powder and the woody synthetic powder or the colored woody synthetic powder is 65 to 97 wt% of a colored woody synthetic powder to which a white colorant as a ground color is added, and a woody synthetic powder or wood grain. 3 to 35 wt% of a colored woody synthetic powder to which a yellow-brown colorant is added, or
85 to 97 wt% of a colored woody synthetic powder to which a ground color woody synthetic powder or a yellow-brown colorant is added, and 3 to 15 wt% of a colored woody synthetic powder to which a black colorant to be a grain is added, Or
60-80 wt% of the first colored woody synthetic powder to which a white colorant is added and 20-40 wt% of the second colored woody synthetic powder to which the first colored woody synthetic powder is added as a colorant are mixed to form a cypress. Get wood grain, or
50-60 wt% of a first colored woody synthetic powder to which a yellow colorant is added, 20-30 wt% of a second colored woody synthetic board to which the first colored woody synthetic powder is added as a colorant, and a black colorant Is mixed with 10 to 20% by weight of the third colored woody synthetic powder to which the colorant is added, and 1 to 10% by weight of the fourth colored woody synthetic powder to which the white colorant is added. Wood composite board can be obtained.
[0014]
Further, by adding a suppressing force against the extruding force of extruding the extruded dough to the forming die to increase the density of the extruded dough, further changing the flow of the extruded dough, adjusting the suppressing force, By changing the curvature of the eyes, a desired grain can be obtained.
[0015]
Further, the grain forming apparatus for the woody synthetic board of the present invention comprises a cellulose crushed material and a thermoplastic resin material having a water content of 15 wt% or less and an average particle size of 20 mesh or less, or the cellulose crushed material and a thermoplastic resin. The material and the colorant are mixed by the stirring impact blades 85, 86, 87, gelled and kneaded by frictional heat, then cooled and sized to a particle size of 10 mm or less, and the woody synthetic powder and the colored woody synthetic powder, or Means for forming a plurality of types of colored woody synthetic powder,
Means for mixing the woody synthetic powder and the colored woody synthetic powder, or a plurality of types of colored woody synthetic powder, to obtain a mixed raw material,
This mixed raw material is heated, kneaded, and formed into an extrusion die 19 of an extruder 70 which extrudes with a screw 71 into a melting portion 21a for heating an extruded material 79 discharged from the extrusion die 19 and a predetermined thickness. A molding die 10 having a molding chamber 22 having an annealing part 21b that is gradually cooled by cooling is connected, and a melting part 21a having a heater 14 for heating the molding chamber 22 of the molding die 10 and the molding chamber 22 are cooled. A slow cooling section 21b provided with a cooling means 25 is provided in the forming die 10, and a variable fluid 40 whose upper and lower ends are continuous with the upper and lower wall surfaces of the forming die 10 is preferably provided in the forming chamber 22 of the forming die 10. It is characterized by the following.
[0016]
The variable fluid 40 is provided vertically in the melting part 21a of the molding chamber 22 in a plurality of plate-like bodies arranged in parallel with the flow direction of the extruded dough 79 or in the melting part of the molding chamber. In addition, a plurality of columnar or needle-like variable fluids 40 that are continuous with the upper and lower wall surfaces in the melting portion can be provided.
[0017]
Further, in the forming chamber 22 of the forming die 10, the variable fluid 20 continuous with the upper and lower wall surfaces of the forming die 10 is provided, and a suppressing force against the pushing force of the extruded material 79 extruded from the forming die 10 is applied. By providing the brake means 30, the curvature of the board can be changed, and a desired grain can be obtained.
[0018]
[Action]
The raw material of the woody synthetic board on which the grain is formed is, for example, 20 to 80% by weight of a cellulosic crushed material such as wood flour and 20 to 80% by weight of a thermoplastic resin material mixed by a stirring impact blade, and frictional heat is applied. Gelling and kneading, followed by cooling and sizing to form a particle size of 10 mm or less, or synthetic cellulose powder such as, for example, 20-80 wt% wood flour, and 20-80 wt% thermoplastic resin The material and the colorant are mixed by a stirring impact blade, gelled and kneaded by frictional heat, then cooled and sized to form a particle size of 10 mm or less. The formed colored synthetic wood powder is a colored synthetic wood powder to which a colorant of a different color is added, and the synthetic wood powder and the colored synthetic wood powder, or two or more types of colored wood to which a different colorant is added. Mix the synthetic powder Extruding the mixed material in the forming die as an extrusion material in a heated and kneaded to extruder, molding the molding chamber of the molding die, forming a synthetic wood board was gradually cooled.
[0019]
The types of the woody synthetic powder or the colored woody synthetic powder to be mixed are not limited to two, and for example, a woody synthetic board is formed by mixing colored woody synthetic powders to which four different colorants are added. You can also.
[0020]
As the cellulosic crushed material which is a raw material of the woody synthetic powder or the colored woody synthetic powder, for example, wood flour can be used, and the particle size has a good compatibility with the thermoplastic resin material, and it is used during gelation kneading and molding extrusion. In order to reduce the frictional resistance of the wood powder and to prevent the abrasion and damage of the molding machine, granules or powder having an average particle size of 20 mesh or less, volatilize wood acid gas during gelation kneading and molding, and vapor or bubbles The content of water is reduced to 15 wt% or less for the purpose of reducing generation and preventing surface roughening.
[0021]
The woody synthetic powder or the colored woody synthetic powder formed as described above is, for example, 90 to 97 wt% of a colored woody synthetic powder to which a ground colorant of the woody synthetic board to be molded is added, and the woody synthetic board. 3 to 10 wt% of a colored woody synthetic powder to which a coloring agent having a color of a wood pattern is added, and the mixed raw material is put into an extruder 70 and heated and kneaded. To extrude the extruded material 79 from the extrusion die 19 into the molding chamber 22 of the molding die 10.
[0022]
By heating and kneading by the extruder 70, the two kinds of colored woody synthetic powders are melted and kneaded to form an extruded dough 79, which is extruded from the extruder 70 into the forming die 10, and heated by the heater 14. 22 is heated and extruded into the melting portion 21a, passes through the melting portion 21a while being formed into a predetermined thickness, is extruded into the slow cooling portion 21b of the forming chamber 22, and is introduced into the slow cooling portion 21b. . The cooling part 21 b in the molding chamber 22 is cooled by a cooling pipe 25, and is extruded with a cooling medium such as water or oil at room temperature or 60 ° C. to 90 ° C. circulating in the cooling pipe 25. Is gradually cooled and cooled in the process of being pushed out of the slow cooling portion 21b and hardened.
[0023]
In the melting portion 21a of the forming chamber, a plate-shaped, column-shaped or needle-shaped variable fluid 20 is arranged to give a change to the flow of the extruded dough 79, and is discharged from the extrusion die 19. The extruded dough 79 flowing through the forming die 10 is changed by the fluid change 20.
[0024]
This change in flow is caused by the viscosity of the extruded dough 79, and the extruded dough 79 that comes into contact with or flows near the deformed fluid 20 receives the frictional resistance with the deformed fluid 20 and the frictional resistance. The extruded dough 79, which is dragged by the extruded dough 79 and decreases its flow velocity, while the extruded dough 79 flowing near the middle of the variable fluid 20 is relatively less affected by the frictional resistance. Flows without. When the flow velocity is high as a whole, the grain formed is close to a straight grain, and conversely, in particular, when a large amount of wood flour is mixed into the colored woody synthetic powder, the mixing of this wood flour The flow resistance of the extruded dough 79 increases, and the change in the flow of the extruded dough 79 becomes remarkable, and a woodgrain pattern is formed.
[0025]
In addition, a braking force is applied to the extruding force applied to the forming plate 29 by the extruder 70 by the brake means 30, and a drag force against the extruding force is applied to the extruded material 79 in the forming chamber 22 via the forming plate 29. When the suppressing force is applied to the extruding material 79 in the forming chamber 22 via the forming plate 29, the suppressing force exerts a resistance to the pressing force. The extruded dough 79 in the inside becomes even more uniform and dense, and the parabolic striped line formed by the variable fluid 20 is distorted, so that it does not look like a grain pattern similar to a large grain of natural wood. A regular pattern is formed. That is, a desired grain pattern can be formed to some extent by adjusting the suppression force.
[0026]
Thereafter, the extruded dough 79 having the wood pattern is gradually cooled in the slow cooling section 22b of the molding chamber 22 to form a wood composite board having a wood texture having a natural texture and a predetermined thickness. .
[0027]
Then, due to the change in the flow, a colored woody synthetic powder to which a coloring agent having a woodgrain color is added is introduced into the extruded dough 79 into a parabolic or extruded dough extending between the variable fluids 20 having the apex downstream of the extruded dough 79. Draw an almost straight line going downstream of 79, which overlaps and creates irregular straight-grained black stripes, which form a pattern similar to a wood grain pattern of natural wood. You.
[0028]
Thereafter, the extruded dough 79 having the wood pattern is gradually cooled in the slow cooling section 22b of the molding chamber 22 to form a wood composite board having a wood texture having a natural texture and a predetermined thickness. .
[0029]
The range of the raw material mixing ratio of each colorant of the present invention is as shown in the following table,
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003602605
[0031]
The following table shows the range of the mixing ratio of the mixed raw materials for various woody synthetic boards.
[0032]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003602605
[0033]
【Example】
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0034]
1. Production example of woody synthetic powder or colored woody synthetic powder
1-1. (Raw material of woody synthetic powder or colored woody synthetic powder)
The raw material of the woody synthetic powder or the colored woody synthetic powder is, in the case of the woody synthetic powder, a cellulosic crushed material and a thermoplastic resin material, and in the case of the colored woody synthetic powder, the cellulosic crushed material and the thermoplastic resin material are used. And a colorant.
[0035]
1-1-1. (Cellulose crushed material)
Cellulose-based crushed material used as the raw material of woody synthetic powder or colored woody synthetic powder is obtained by crushing wood such as discarded construction waste and collected waste paper, and cellulosic crushed material such as sawdust generated when cutting wood. In this embodiment, wood flour is used as the cellulosic crushed material. When wood flour is used as a cellulosic crushed material, the particle size of the wood flour is made to be compatible with the thermoplastic resin material, and the frictional resistance of the wood flour at the time of molding extrusion is reduced, preventing wear and damage of the molding machine. For the purpose of achieving a fine powder of 50 to 300 mesh, preferably 60 (below the sieve) to 150 mesh (above the sieve), volatilize the wood acid gas during molding, and reduce the possibility of generation of water vapor or bubbles. In order to prevent the surface from being roughened, the water content is set within 15 wt%, preferably within the range of 0.3 to 0.4 wt%.
[0036]
1-1-2. (Thermoplastic resin material)
The thermoplastic resin material collects various discarded resin molded products such as automobile bumpers and interior parts, household electric products, vinyl for agriculture used in vinyl houses, etc., or virgin thermoplastic resin materials. It can be used, when using the various discarded resin molded products described above, this resin molded product as it is or a resin molded product having a surface resin coating film formed thereon is crushed into a plurality of small pieces. Each of the small pieces is subjected to a compression grinding action to grind and peel off the resin coating, and each of the ground individual pieces is crushed by applying a compression impact force based on micro vibration. PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PC (polycarbonate) which is pulverized and removed as needed as a thermoplastic resin material by removing the resin coating film peeled off by crushing and pulverization. Boneto), it is possible to use a mixture of the hard resin one or several of these nylon.
[0037]
As the thermoplastic resin material, a virgin thermoplastic resin and the recovered thermoplastic resin material may be used, for example, 50% each. For example, virgin PVC and soft agricultural chloride used in a vinyl house or the like may be used. PVC recovered by washing and crushing vinyl waste can be mixed and used.
[0038]
1-1-3. (Colorant)
When a colored woody synthetic powder described below is obtained, a coloring agent is added as a raw material of the colored woody synthetic powder in addition to the above-mentioned crushed cellulosic material and thermoplastic resin material.
[0039]
As a coloring agent, for example, when coloring a colored woody synthetic powder white, for example, a white coloring agent such as titanium white, and when coloring yellow, a yellow coloring such as chrome yellow, titanium yellow, and graphite. Black coloring agent such as carbon black or charcoal powder sized to 20 mesh or less when coloring in black, yellow-brown coloring such as iron oxide (bengara) when coloring yellow-brown Use agent.
[0040]
In addition, as the coloring agent, the above-mentioned cellulose-based crushed material, a thermoplastic resin material, and a colored woody synthetic powder obtained by gelling and kneading the coloring agent by a method described below can also be used as the coloring agent. By mixing 1 to 20 wt% of the colored woody synthetic powder to which the systematic colorant has been added with respect to the cellulosic crushed material, the colorant in the colored woody synthetic powder used as the colorant is diluted, A yellow-brown colored woody synthetic powder having a strong yellow-brown appearance can be obtained.
[0041]
1-1-4.
The raw materials of the aforementioned woody synthetic powder and colored woody synthetic powder are preferably blended in the following mixing range according to the type of the woody synthetic powder and the colored woody synthetic powder to be produced, and kneaded by a fluid mixing and kneading means described later. Is done.
[0042]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003602605
[0043]
1-2. (Fluid mixing kneading means)
The raw materials mixed as described above are charged into a “mixer”, which is a “fluid mixing / kneading means”, and gelled and kneaded.
[0044]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 80 denotes a fluid mixing and kneading means for mixing and kneading raw materials to form a "kneaded material", and in this embodiment, is referred to as a "mixer" for convenience.
[0045]
Reference numeral 81 denotes a mixer main body, which is a cylindrical casing having an upper surface opening and having a capacity of 300 liters, and the opening is an input port 94 for inputting raw materials into the mixer main body 81; Cover with 82. A gas discharge pipe 95 for discharging a large amount of water vapor or wood acid gas generated from wood flour in the mixer main body 81 is connected to the upper lid 82. Further, one outlet 88 is provided on the outer peripheral surface near the bottom surface of the mixer body 81, and a lid 89 for covering the outlet 88 is provided at the tip of the rod of the cylinder 91, and the outlet 88 is actuated by the operation of the cylinder 91. It can be opened and closed freely. A discharge duct 93 communicates with the discharge port 88.
[0046]
Further, a shaft 83 that rotates at a high speed of 820 rpm / max at a center of the bottom surface of the mixer main body 81 at 820 rpm / max by a rotation driving means of a motor 37KW (DC) is supported upward in the mixer main body 81. A scraper 84 and stirring impact blades 85, 86, 87 are attached in order from the bottom to the top, and tightened with a tightening nut 92 from the tip of the shaft 83. The shape of each of the stirring impact blades 85, 86, 87 is not particularly limited, but in the present embodiment, the blades are symmetrical about the axis 83. When three stirring impellers are stacked as shown in FIG. 1, the blades are composed of a total of six blades, and these six blades form an equiangular angle (60 degrees) obtained by dividing 360 degrees by six in a plane. Are overlapped with each other. In the case where a plurality of stirring impellers are provided, it is preferable that the stirring impellers intersect and overlap at an angle obtained by equally dividing 360 degrees with the total number of the stirring impellers in terms of kneading the raw materials efficiently.
[0047]
The scraper 84 rotates while slightly sliding on the bottom surface of the mixer body 81 to scrape out the raw material kneaded in the mixer body 81 so as not to remain on the bottom surface of the mixer body 81 and circulate the raw material.
[0048]
The raw materials to be introduced from the input port 94 with the upper lid 82 opened are cellulose crushed materials such as wood flour and a thermoplastic resin material in the production of woody synthetic powder, and are used for producing colored woody synthetic powder. At that time, after adding the cellulosic crushed material, the colorant is added, and both are mixed for a short time, and then the thermoplastic resin material is charged, and the three are gelled and kneaded.
[0049]
In addition, in the step of producing the woody synthetic powder or the colored woody synthetic powder, the raw material may be filled with a filler, and particularly by filling titanium oxide as the filler, the fluidity and the dispersibility in the solution are improved. The wood composite board of the present invention contributes to remarkably reduce expansion and contraction due to a temperature change, and also acts as a coloring agent due to the white or yellow color of the titanium oxide. Can be made vivid and the grain pattern formed in the wood composite board can be emphasized.
[0050]
1-3. (Cooling granulation means)
Each kneaded material obtained by the fluid mixing kneading means is granulated by the following cooling granulation means.
[0051]
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 100 denotes a cooling granulation means for mixing and stirring the above-described kneading materials to form "granulated wood flour", and is referred to as a "cooling mixer" in this embodiment.
[0052]
Reference numeral 101 denotes a mixer main body, which is a casing having an inverted conical shape, which covers the upper surface. On the other hand, a discharge port 107 is provided at the lower end, and the discharge port 107 is provided to be openable and closable by a valve 106. A jacket 102 is formed in the outer peripheral wall of the mixer body 101, and cooling water is constantly supplied from a water supply pipe 108 to a drain pipe 109 in the jacket 102, and the temperature of the raw material in the cooling mixer 100 is adjusted to the melting point of the thermoplastic resin material. It is held so that it cools down to the vicinity. The upper wall surface of the mixer body 101 communicates with a discharge duct (not shown) for discharging water vapor or wood acid gas generated in the cooling mixer 100.
[0053]
At substantially the center of the upper wall of the mixer main body 101, an arm 103 is pivotally supported so as to be rotatable in a substantially horizontal direction. The arm 103 is rotated by a motor 111 via a speed reduction device 112 at a speed of about 3 rpm. . Further, the rotating shaft of the arm 103 is a hollow shaft, and another rotating shaft that rotates independently is provided in the hollow shaft, and the output shaft of the motor 105 is connected to the rotating shaft. On the other hand, a stirring and crushing blade 104 is supported at the tip of the arm 103. The stirring and crushing blade 104 is of a screw type in this embodiment. It extends substantially parallel downward along the peripheral wall to the vicinity of the lower end of the mixer main body 101. The stirring and crushing blade 104 is connected to a rotation shaft connected to the output shaft of the motor 105 via rotation transmission means such as gears provided in the arm 103, and is driven to rotate at a speed of 90 rpm.
[0054]
An inlet 113 is provided on the upper wall of the mixer body 101, and the outlet 113 of the mixer 80 is communicated with the inlet 113.
[0055]
The kneaded material formed by the mixer 80 described above is fed into the mixer main body 101 from the inlet 113 of the cooling mixer 100 via the discharge duct 93. The agitating and crushing blade 104 is rotated at a speed of 90 rpm by a motor 105 and the arm 103 is rotated in a horizontal direction at a speed of 3 rpm by the rotation force of a motor 111 decelerated via a speed reducer 112. 104 rotates so as to draw a cone along the inner peripheral wall surface of the mixer main body 101, and stirs the kneaded material in the arm 103. The kneading material is cooled on the inner peripheral wall surface of the mixer body 101 cooled by the cooling water in the jacket 102 to form “granulated wood powder” granulated to a diameter of about 25 mm or less. 106 is opened and discharged from the discharge port 107.
[0056]
The kneaded material cooled by the cooling mixer 100 is desirably cooled to a temperature below the freezing point of the thermoplastic resin material in the raw material, that is, the melting point of the thermoplastic resin material. It is not necessary to lower the temperature to a temperature at which the granulated wood powder can be discharged from the discharge port 107, and it is sufficient to cool the powder to about 10 ° C. higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin material in the kneading material. .
[0057]
The cooling and granulating means is not limited to the above-described apparatus such as the cooling mixer, but is provided with a stirring blade for stirring the kneaded material in the mixer main body and the jacket as described above on the outer peripheral wall surface of the mixer main body. What is necessary is just to cool the kneading material in the mixer body with the cooling water flowing in the jacket.
[0058]
The kneaded material formed by the mixer 80 can be cooled by performing only stirring using a general mixer not having the jacket 102. In this case, the thermoplastic resin material in the kneaded material is used. Since it takes about 30 minutes to cool to a temperature about 10 ° C. higher than the melting point of the above, it is desirable to form granulated wood flour by the cooling granulating means of the cooling mixer as in this embodiment.
[0059]
1-4. (Sizing means)
Each “granulated wood flour” obtained by the cooling granulation means is further sized to a particle size of 10 mm or less using a sizing means to be a “woody synthetic powder” or a “colored woody synthetic powder”.
[0060]
In FIG. 3, reference numeral 120 denotes a sizing means for sizing the above-mentioned granulated wood flour. In this embodiment, a "cutter mill" is used.
[0061]
Reference numeral 121 denotes a cutter mill body, which is a cylindrical casing having an upper surface opening, and the opening is covered with a lid 122 which can be freely opened and closed. The lid 122 has an input port 123 into which the granulated wood powder is input into the cutter mill main body 121.
[0062]
Further, a cutter support 124 is provided in the cutter mill body 121, which is rotatably supported by a bottom surface of the cutter mill body 121 and is rotated in a horizontal direction by rotation driving means (not shown). Three blades 125 are provided, and these three rotary blades 125 are disposed so as to form an equal angle of 120 degrees in the rotation direction of the cutter support 124. The blades of the three rotary blades 125 have the same rotation. It is located on the track. Further, the two fixed blades 126 are fixed to the cutter mill body 121 at a position substantially symmetrical to the rotation locus of the cutting edge of the rotary blade 125 through a slight gap with respect to the rotation locus of the cutting edge of the three rotary blades 125. The inside of the cutter mill main body 121 is bisected by the fixed blade 126, the cutter support member 124, and the rotary blade 125 to form a charging chamber 127 and a sizing chamber 128. The input port 123 of the lid 122 communicates with the input chamber 127. The gap between the second fixed blade 126 and the rotary blade 125 can be freely adjusted so that the granulated wood powder can be sized to a desired size. Further, the sizing chamber 128 is partitioned by the screen 129 so as to surround the rotation locus of the rotary blade 125 between the two fixed blades 126. In this embodiment, the screen 129 is formed of a mesh through which a sized product of “woody synthetic powder” or “colored woody synthetic powder” having a size of about 8 mm can pass. Further, a discharge port 131 for discharging the sized product by the cutter mill 120 is provided at a lower end of the cutter mill main body 121 of the size control chamber 128.
[0063]
In the above-mentioned cutter mill 120, when the granulated wood powder formed by the cooling mixer 100 described above is fed from the inlet 123 of the lid 122 and the cutter support 124 is rotated by a rotation driving means (not shown), the granulated wood powder is cut. The woody synthetic powder of about 0.1 to 8 mm is cut between the rotary blade 125 and the fixed blade 126 of the support member 124 to form “woody synthetic powder” or “colored woody synthetic powder”. In order to constantly maintain the state of being chemically fixed and fixed to the wood flour particles, to mix the wood flour with the thermoplastic resin material and the colorant, and to constantly maintain the dispersed state, A woody synthetic powder which gives good fluidity is formed, and combined with the condensation and reduction by cooling, a woody synthetic powder which does not rely on chemical reaction or adhesion is formed, and the screen 129 of the sizing chamber 128 is formed. It is discharged from the discharge port 131 passes through the mesh.
[0064]
2. Example of manufacturing a wood composite board having a wood grain pattern
The woody synthetic powder and the colored woody synthetic powder obtained as described above are obtained by extruding the woody synthetic powder and the colored woody synthetic powder, or two or more kinds of the colored woody synthetic powder through a hopper 73 of an extruder 70 described later. 70.
[0065]
2-1. Extrusion process
2-1-1. [Extruder 70]
In FIG. 4, reference numeral 70 denotes a single-screw extruder. In general, the extruder is usually a screw type, and there are a single-screw extruder and a multi-screw extruder, and some have a modification or a combination thereof. Any extruder can be used in the present invention.
[0066]
Reference numeral 71 denotes a screw, which is a single-shaft type. The screw 71 is driven by a motor (not shown) via a gear reducer 72 and rotates in a barrel 74. With this rotating screw 71, the wooden synthetic board and the colored wooden synthetic powder or two or more colored wooden synthetic boards supplied from the hopper 73 are extruded forward of the screw 71 while being kneaded.
[0067]
Hereinafter, in order to form a black wood pattern on a brown-based woody synthetic board, a colored woody synthetic powder to which a yellow-brown colorant is added and a colored woody synthetic powder to which a black colorant is added are extruded. The process of forming the grain when the material is put into the space 70 will be described.
[0068]
A band heater 75 is provided on the outer surface of the barrel 74. The band heater 75 heats the two types of woody synthetic powder in the barrel 74 and gradually melts and kneads them while being transported forward along the groove of the screw 71. Is done. During the heating and kneading, the two kinds of colored woody synthetic powders are melted in the extruded dough 79 without uneven color due to a difference in dissolution time or the like, without being completely fused. Therefore, it is a color that stands out from the yellow-brown colorant contained in the colored woody synthetic powder to which the yellowish brown colorant is added, and the black color contained in the colored woody synthetic powder to which the black colorant is added. The system colorant causes a striped line pattern in the extruded fabric 79 due to the unevenness. The difference in the dissolution time of the two types of colored woody synthetic powders that cause such a pattern is due to the presence or absence of fillers mixed into the woody synthetic powders and the difference in the amount of added cellulosic crushed material such as wood flour. it is conceivable that.
[0069]
Then, the extruded dough 79 is extruded as the extruded dough 79 from the extrusion die 19 of the adapter 17 to the forming die 10 via the screen 76 and the adapter 17.
[0070]
The raw materials to be put into the hopper 73 are not limited to the above-mentioned two types of colored woody synthetic powders. The woody synthetic powders manufactured in the above-described process are not limited to the uncolored woody synthetic powders and the colored woody synthetic powders. A combination of two or more colored woody synthetic powders (for example, four colors) may be added.
[0071]
The colored synthetic wood powder and the synthetic wood powder or the synthetic wood powder are preferably mixed in the following ranges according to the color of the wood composite board to be manufactured and the color of the grain formed in the wood composite board. Is done.
[0072]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003602605
[0073]
2-2. Molding process
2-2-1. [Molding die 10]
5 to 8, reference numeral 10 denotes a forming die, an introduction unit 11 for extruding extruded fabric 79 discharged from an injection port of an extrusion die 19 having a rectangular cross section of an extruder 70, and an extruded fabric extruded from the introduction unit 11. The molding chamber 79 is formed into a wide, plate-like shape having a predetermined thickness. In the present embodiment, the molding chamber 79 includes a molding chamber 22 having a narrow rectangular cross section having a width of 550 mm and a height of 13 mm.
[0074]
Reference numeral 11 denotes an introduction portion, which is formed in the forming die 10 in the width direction of the forming die 10 and is formed substantially equal to or slightly larger than the width of the extrusion die 19, and has a cross section curved in the width direction of the forming die 10. Both ends of the extending introduction chamber 13 extend to both ends in the longitudinal direction of the molding chamber 22, and are formed in a so-called coat hanger type.
[0075]
The introduction chamber 13 may be formed as a straight / manifold type in addition to the coat / hanger type. However, the extruded material 79 extruded from the introduction section 11 and the introduction chamber 13 has excellent fluidity. The coat hanger type having the curved shape described above is preferable.
[0076]
Also, a sheet 24 made of a fluororesin described below is preferably attached to the introduction section 11 and the introduction chamber 13.
[0077]
The molding chamber 22 is made of a metal spacer (not shown) having two upper and lower metal plates each provided with a heating and cooling means and arranged on both side edges, and has a rectangular cross section. Adjust so that the desired thickness of the wooden composite board is obtained.
[0078]
The forming die 10 has, for example, an elongated rectangular cross section with a width of 550 mm and a height of 13 mm, and the distance from the inlet of the forming chamber 22 to the die outlet 23 (the distance in the extrusion direction) is 1,000 mm.
[0079]
2-2-2. Structure inside the forming die
A sheet 24 made of a fluororesin having a thickness of 0.25 mm is attached to the inner walls of the molding chamber 22 on the four sides of the upper, lower, left and right sides. Alternatively, fluorocarbon resin can be directly coated on the inner walls of the upper, lower, left and right sides of the molding chamber 22. However, the fluorocarbon resin is easily exchangeable, is easily coated with fluorocarbon resin, and has high durability. It is particularly preferable to attach a resin sheet 24.
[0080]
The sheet 24 is particularly preferably formed by coating a surface of a glass woven fabric with a fluororesin film. As described above, the fluororesins include Teflon TFE, Teflon FEP, Teflon CTFE, Teflon VdF, and the like. The glass woven fabric may be a glass fiber non-woven fabric.
[0081]
The above-mentioned fluororesin coating can be applied to the upper and lower inner wall surfaces of the molding chamber 22, that is, the inner wall surfaces corresponding to the surfaces forming the front and back surfaces of the wooden composite board. It is desirable to apply it to the entire inner wall surface of the upper, lower, left and right.
[0082]
In FIG. 5, reference numeral 14 denotes a heater, which is composed of a heating means such as an electric heater, and heats and maintains the extruded dough 79 to maintain the fluidity of the extruded dough 79. And four pipes are inserted at equal intervals into the upper and lower forming dies 10 of the forming chamber 22 corresponding to the melting section 21a including the introduction section 11 extending over the pipe.
[0083]
Reference numeral 25 denotes a cooling pipe, which is an example of a cooling means for cooling the slow cooling portion 21b of the forming chamber 22 of the forming die 10. The cooling pipe 25 is provided at appropriate intervals in the extrusion direction of the forming chamber 22. The extruded fabric 79 in the molding chamber 22 is cooled by supplying a cooling liquid as a cooling medium such as water at room temperature, water or oil up to about 70 to 80 ° C. In order to improve the slow cooling effect of the extruded dough 79 in the forming chamber 22, the pipe of the cooling pipe is provided in the slow cooling section 21 b occupying three-quarters toward the die outlet 23 of the forming die 10. 8 are inserted at equal intervals into the upper and lower forming dies 10 and installed in a pipe. The cooling pipes 25 can be provided so as to gradually narrow the gap, or the cooling pipes 25 can be provided on the outer wall of the forming die 10. However, it is only necessary to cool the extruded material 79 in the forming chamber 22. However, the present invention is not limited to the structure of this embodiment.
[0084]
2-2-3. Strange fluid
5 to 8, reference numeral 40 denotes a variable fluid, which may have various shapes such as a columnar shape and a needle shape. In this embodiment, a prismatic metal body having a width of 20 mm, a length of 50 mm, and a height of 13 mm is used. I'm using The variable fluid 40 is provided integrally with a guide plate 15 having an arc-shaped base 44 and an inclined portion 43 inclined toward the die outlet 23, and the variable fluid 40 has a substantially comb-like shape with the guide plate 15 as a base. In the present embodiment, the variable fluid 40 having a total length of 50 mm and a width of 20 mm formed in three rod-shaped members having a rectangular cross section is integrated with the guide plate 15, and the upper and lower ends are brought into contact with the upper and lower wall surfaces of the molding chamber. Are formed at a height that is continuous with the upper and lower wall surfaces.
[0085]
The guide plate 15 is provided in the introduction chamber of the forming die so as to have a total length of 70 to 95% of the total length in the width direction of the introduction chamber and to be 70% or less of the height of the introduction section. In addition, the tip is disposed on the guide portion 15 with the tip facing the die outlet 23.
[0086]
The variable fluids 40 are arranged in a plurality of rows at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the molding chamber 22, that is, in the extrusion direction.
[0087]
As for the guide plate 15 and the variable fluid 40, a sheet made of fluororesin such as Teflon having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm can be stuck on the entire outer surface. The guide plate 15 is located at the center of the introduction chamber 13 having a height of 13 mm and a width of 550 mm so as to have an interval of 50 mm from both sides of the molding chamber in the width direction of the introduction chamber 13 in the width direction, Further, the rear end edge of the guide plate 15 is positioned so as to have a substantially parallel interval with the rear end wall surface of the introduction portion 11, and this guide plate 15 is placed on the forming die 10 with bolts 27 as shown in FIG. Fixed to. Therefore, a gap is also formed between the upper surface of the guide portion 15 and the upper surface of the introduction hole 13.
[0088]
The thickness, width, and interval of the guide plate 15 and the variable fluid 40 can be appropriately selected according to the volume of the molding chamber 22.
[0089]
As described above, by providing the variable fluid 40 in the melting portion 21a of the forming die 10, the flow of the extruded dough 79 extruded in the forming die can be changed. That is, the extruded dough 79 passes between the variable fluids 40 and 40 arranged in the melting portion 21a and is extruded toward the outlet of the forming die 10, but since the extruded dough 79 has an extremely high viscosity, the extruded dough 79 has an extremely high viscosity. When the extruded dough 79 passes between the variable fluids 40, 40, the extruded dough 79 comes into contact with the deformed fluid 40, and the extruded dough 79 in contact with the deformed fluid 40 reduces its flow velocity due to its frictional resistance. On the other hand, the extruded dough 79 that passes through a position distant from the variable fluid 40, that is, the extruded dough 79 that passes near the middle between the variable fluid 40 and the variable fluid 40, is hardly affected by the frictional resistance. Pass between 40.
[0090]
In this way, the extruded fabric 79 passing through the melting portion 22 a in the molding chamber 22 has a change in its flow due to the presence of the rectifying plate 20, and has an irregular striped pattern discharged from the extrusion die 19. The pattern of the extruded dough 79 is transformed into a parabolic striped pattern having an apex on the downstream side in the extruding direction of the extruded dough 79, or a substantially straight-line pattern from the upstream to the downstream in the flow direction of the extruded dough 79.
[0091]
2-2-5. Action in the forming die
The extruded fabric 79 extruded from the extrusion die 19 of the extruder 70 is extruded from the entrance of the molding chamber 22 into the molding chamber 22, and is extruded toward both side walls of the molding chamber 22, as indicated by arrows in FIG. Extruded.
[0092]
At this time, since the melting portion 22a of the molding chamber 21 is heated by the heater 14, the fluidity of the extruded fabric 79 is maintained, and the extruded fabric 79 is extruded with good fluidity. The extruded dough 79 discharged into the melting portion 22a of the molding die in this way is pushed out of the melting portion 22a of the molding chamber 22 toward the exit direction of the molding die. Is provided with the above-described variable fluid 40, and the flow is changed by the variable fluid 40. That is, the extruded material 79 passing between the variable fluids 40, 40 is separated from the extruded material 79 passing near the variable fluid 40 due to frictional resistance with the variable fluids 40, 40, that is, at a position apart from the variable fluid 20, ie, the variable fluid. The flow velocity of the extruded material 79 extruded from the intermediate position of the variable fluid 40 changes with that of the extruded dough 79, as shown by a dashed line in FIG. Due to this change in the flow, a plurality of parabolas having the vertices are formed downstream in the flow direction of the extruded dough connecting the variable fluids 40 and 40. When the amount of wood flour contained in the extruded dough 79 is large, the viscosity of the extruded dough 79 increases, and the change in the flow rate of the extruded dough flowing near the variable fluid and the flow rate of the extruded dough flowing at a position farther from the variable fluid become remarkable. This parabola appears as a substantially straight straight-grained line from the upstream to the downstream in the flow direction of the extruded dough, with its apex located further downstream in the flow direction of the extruded dough. Therefore, in the production of woody synthetic powder or colored woody synthetic powder, by adjusting the amount of woody flour in the woody synthetic powder or colored woody synthetic powder, the woodgrain pattern formed in the woody synthetic board can be parabolic woodgrain pattern or , A desired grain pattern such as a straight grain grain pattern.
[0093]
Thereafter, the extruded dough on which a plurality of parabolic striped patterns or linear straight-grained patterns are formed is extruded in the slow cooling section of the molding chamber and cooled.
[0094]
The extruded dough 79 in the forming die 10 can be applied with a suppressing force against the pushing force of the extruded dough 79 by the brake means 30 described later. Since the density of the extruded dough 79 is increased by the restraining force applied to the extruded dough 79 at this time, the extruded dough 79 is pressurized in the forming chamber 22 in the width direction of the forming chamber 22. Is distorted in a plate-like shape in accordance with the change of the flow, and an irregular grain pattern having a texture like a natural grain pattern is formed.
[0095]
Then, the restraining force of the brake means on the extruded dough 79 is adjusted by the adjusting means described later to obtain a desired grain regardless of the wood flour content.
[0096]
The extruded dough is cooled and solidified by cooling water flowing through the cooling pipe 25 in the process of passing through the forming chamber 22 to form a wood composite board 29 having a wood grain pattern as a 100 mm thick product. You.
[0097]
2-3. Suppression of extrusion of molded plate
2-3-1. [Brake means 30]
The wooden composite board 29 extruded from the die outlet 23 of the forming die 10 is applied with a resistance in the direction opposite to the extrusion direction by the brake means 30 to suppress the pushing force of the wooden composite board 29. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the brake unit 30 will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0098]
In FIGS. 9 and 10, bearings 34 a for bearing both ends of the shafts of three free pinch rollers 31 b are respectively fixed to a bearing fixing frame 36, and a gear 116 provided with a fixed pinch roller 31 a on each shaft, and this gear The input shaft of the powder brake 115 is connected to the shaft of one of the three fixed pinch rollers 31a in cooperation with the gear 117 meshing with the gear 116. The powder brake 115 is a so-called electromagnetic brake, and can finely adjust the friction torque electrically.
[0099]
Further, a frame 114 is erected on the bearing fixing frame 36, and two block-shaped guide bodies 119 each having a guide groove on the wall surface of the frame 114 are substantially parallel to each other with the axial direction of the 119 directed vertically. , And bearings 34b for bearing both ends of the shafts of the three free pinch rollers 31b are provided movably up and down along the guide grooves of the guide body 119, and the bearings 34b are respectively provided on the upper surface of the frame 114. The three air cylinders 118 are connected to tip ends of rods.
[0100]
Therefore, by the operation of the cylinder 118, the three free pinch rollers 31b are each pressed against the fixed pinch roller 31a via the woody synthetic board 29, and one of the three fixed pinch rollers 31a is pressed by the fixed pinch roller 31a. The rotation of the shaft is suppressed by the powder brake 115, and the gear 116 provided on the shaft of the fixed pinch roller 31a is connected to the gears 117 provided on the shafts of the other two fixed pinch rollers 31a, 31a. Since they are engaged with each other, the same rotation suppressing force due to the friction torque of the powder brake 115 acts on the three fixed pinch rollers 31a.
[0101]
Incidentally, the friction torque for suppressing the rotation of the fixed pinch roller 31a by the powder brake 115 is adjusted by the thickness of the wooden composite board 29 to be formed.
[0102]
Therefore, the friction torque of the powder brake 115 acts as a suppressing force against the pushing force of the wooden composite board 29, and makes the extruded material 79 in the introduction portion 11 of the forming die 10 more dense and uniform. The extruded dough 79 moves forward by the pushing force of the extruded dough 79 by the extruder 70 against the restraining force of the brake means 30, and is cooled in the forming chamber 22 to form the wood composite board 29. The wooden composite board 29 moves forward while rotating the fixed pinch roller 31a and the universal pinch roller 31b against the suppressing force of the powder brake 115.
[0103]
The restraining force is applied to the extruded fabric 79 in the molding chamber 22 through the woody synthetic board 29 by applying a resistance to the extruding force of the extruded fabric 79 in the molding chamber 22 applied by the extruder. The extruded dough 79 as a whole has a more uniform and high density.
[0104]
Due to the restraining force, the extruded fabric 79 discharged from the extrusion die 19 is extruded in a state of being spread in the width direction of the molding die 10 rather than in the extrusion direction, and is thus formed in the molten portion of the molding chamber of the molding die. The parabolic striped pattern is bent or distorted by adjusting the pressing force by the brake means and adjusting the powder brake, and changes to a desired irregular wood-like pattern having a natural texture as described above. .
[0105]
This wood-grain pattern is formed also on the inner layer of the wood-grain composite board, unlike a wood-grain pattern drawn on the surface of a wood-grain composite board when a sheet imitating the wood-grain pattern is attached, and therefore the method and apparatus of the present invention. The woody synthetic board manufactured by the above, when the surface is shaved with a planer or a chisel, etc., a beautiful grain pattern is also formed on the cut surface cut with a saw, and this grain pattern is the same as the conventional grain pattern. In contrast, the pattern of the wood grain is not constant and has a natural wood grain texture.
[0106]
3-3. Example of manufacturing wood composite board
Next, an example of manufacturing a wood composite board manufactured by the method and the apparatus of the present invention will be described.
[0107]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003602605
[0108]
Figure 0003602605
In the table, the "material" first synthetic powder, second synthetic powder, third synthetic powder, and fourth synthetic powder are the first colored woody synthetic powder, the second colored woody synthetic powder, the third colored woody synthetic powder, 4 shows a four-colored woody synthetic powder.
[0109]
Wood composite boards W300mm, H30mm, L2000mm as the above products are cut by a sawing machine with a width of 100mm in the width direction, and a wood grain pattern having an elongated oak or oak-like natural texture is obtained. A wood-based synthetic board was obtained. This wood-based synthetic board has a beautiful grain pattern having a natural texture on the cut surface, and is used for applications such as window frames, sash frames, door frames, furniture materials, flooring materials and the like.
[0110]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003602605
[0111]
Figure 0003602605
A wooden synthetic board W300mm, H30mm, L2000mm, which is the molded board 29 as the above product, is cut at an interval of 100mm in the length direction by shearing to obtain a wooden synthetic board having a cypress-like feeling in a rectangular shape.
[0112]
Such a thin plate is a material for a wide range of usage purposes as various building materials, furniture materials, equipment parts and the like. For example, the above-mentioned wooden synthetic board is used as a building material such as a decorative board for interior decoration of a house, or processed into a size of about 300 mm square and used as a floor material such as a flooring block. Furthermore, it is used as an interior material inside a car, for example, as a decorative panel around a meter panel in a driver's seat, a decorative panel around a transmission, and a decorative panel on other wall surfaces in a vehicle, to obtain a sense of quality. Can be. As a device part, it is used as a box panel of an electric device or the like or a decorative plate of another device.
[0113]
As described above, according to the method and the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to form a wood pattern extending from the thin plate to the thick plate to a wide range of thickness of the woody synthetic board up to the inner layer thereof. Or it can be used for various purposes such as door frames, ceiling panels, veranda handrails, furniture, decorative panels for electric appliances such as televisions and stereos, and interior and exterior parts for automobiles. Is done.
[0114]
The wood composite board manufactured by the method and the apparatus of the present invention has a high density, so that a large amount of wood flour can be mixed therein. Is molded. Moreover, a woody synthetic board into which a large amount of wood flour is mixed is an excellent board having properties close to those of a natural wood panel.
[0115]
【The invention's effect】
According to the configuration of the present invention, it is possible to provide a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a woody synthetic board which has an irregular pattern and a natural wood texture and can form a woodgrain pattern even in the inner layer of the woody synthetic board. did it. Therefore, even if the wood composite board is cut or cut after forming the wood composite board, a beautiful grain is exposed on the cut / cut surface, and a wood synthetic board excellent in workability can be provided. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall front view showing a cross section of a main part of a mixer (fluid mixing / kneading means) used in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an overall front view showing a cross section of a main part of a cooling mixer (cooling granulation means) used in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an overall front view showing a cross section of a main part of a cutter mill (granulating means) used in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an overall front view showing a cross section of a main part of an extruder used in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a main part of a forming die according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional plan view of a main part of the forming die according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a main part of a forming die according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a main part showing a molding chamber of the molding die according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the brake means of the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view taken along line NN of FIG. 7;
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Forming die
11 Introduction
13 Introduction room
14 heater
16 Screen part
17 Adapter
19 Extrusion die
21a fusion zone
21b Slow cooling section
22 Molding room
23 Die exit
24 sheets (of fluororesin)
25 cooling pipe
29 Wood composite board
30 Brake means
31 Pinch roller
31a Fixed pinch roller
31b Free pinch roller
32 axes
33 brake drum
34, 34a, 34b bearing
36 Bearing fixed frame
38 Guide shaft
40 Variable fluid (variable fluid)
43 Inclined part
44 Base
70 Extruder
71 screw
72 gear reducer
73 Hopper
74 barrels
75 band heater
76 screen
79 Extruded dough
80 mixer (fluid mixing and kneading means)
81 Mixer body
82 Upper Lid
83 axes
84 Scraper
85,86,87 Stirring impeller
88 outlet
89 lid
91 cylinder
92 Tightening nut
93 discharge duct
94 Input
95 Gas exhaust pipe
100 Cooling mixer (cooling granulation means)
101 mixer body
102 jacket
103 arm
104 stirring crushing blade
105 motor
106 valve
107 outlet
108 water pipe
109 drainpipe
111 motor
120 cutter mill (granulation means)
121 cutter mill body
122 lid
123 Slot
124 cutter support
125 rotary blade
126 fixed blade
127 Input room
128 Sizing room
129 screen
131 outlet

Claims (16)

含有水分量を15wt%以内とし平均粒径20メッシュ以下のセルロース系破砕物20〜80wt%と、熱可塑性樹脂材料20〜80wt%とを攪拌衝撃翼により混合して、摩擦熱によりゲル化混練し、次いで冷却して粒径10mm以下に整粒形成して木質合成粉を形成し、
含有水分量を15wt%以内とし平均粒径20メッシュ以下のセルロース系破砕物20〜80wt%と、熱可塑性樹脂材料20〜80wt%と、着色剤とを攪拌衝撃翼により混合して、摩擦熱によりゲル化混練し、次いで冷却して粒径10mm以下に整粒形成して着色木質合成粉を形成し、
前記木質合成粉と前記着色木質合成粉とを混合し、この混合原料を、
加熱・練成し、スクリューをもって押出ダイより成形ダイの成形室へ押し出し、
前記成形ダイ中に押し出された押出し生地の流れに対して抵抗を付与して、押出し生地の流れに変化を与えて、押出し生地に木目模様を形成し、前記押出し生地を徐冷して硬化させる工程を含むことを特徴とする木質合成板における木目形成方法。
20 to 80% by weight of a cellulosic crushed product having an average particle size of 20 mesh or less and 20 to 80% by weight of a thermoplastic resin material are mixed with a stirring impact blade, and the mixture is gelled and kneaded by frictional heat. Then, cooling and sizing to form a woody synthetic powder having a particle size of 10 mm or less,
The water content is 15 wt% or less, and 20 to 80 wt% of a cellulosic crushed product having an average particle size of 20 mesh or less, 20 to 80 wt% of a thermoplastic resin material, and a colorant are mixed by a stirring impeller, and friction heat is applied. Gelling and kneading, then cooling and sieving to a particle size of 10 mm or less to form a colored woody synthetic powder,
Mixing the woody synthetic powder and the colored woody synthetic powder,
Heated and kneaded, extruded with a screw from the extrusion die to the molding chamber of the molding die,
By giving resistance to the flow of the extruded dough extruded into the forming die, giving a change to the flow of the extruded dough, forming a wood grain pattern on the extruded dough, and gradually cooling the extruded dough to cure. A method of forming wood grain on a wood composite board, comprising a step.
含有水分量を15wt%以内とし平均粒径20メッシュ以下のセルロース系破砕物20〜80wt%と、熱可塑性樹脂材料20〜80wt%と、それぞれ異なる種類の着色剤を攪拌衝撃翼により混合して、摩擦熱によりゲル化混練し、次いで冷却して粒径10mm以下に整粒形成して、それぞれ異なる複数種類の着色木質合成粉を形成する工程と、
前記工程により得られたそれぞれ異なる複数種類の着色木質合成粉を混合し、この混合原料を、
加熱・練成し、スクリューをもって押出ダイより成形ダイの成形室へ押し出し、
前記成形ダイ中に押し出された押出し生地の流れに対して抵抗を付与して、押出し生地の流れに変化を与えて、押出し生地に木目模様を形成し、前記押出し生地を徐冷して硬化させる工程を含むことを特徴とする木質合成板における木目形成方法。
A mixture of 20 to 80 wt% of a cellulose crushed product having an average particle size of 20 mesh or less, a thermoplastic resin material of 20 to 80 wt%, and different types of coloring agents, each having a water content of 15 wt% or less, is stirred by a stirring impeller. Gelling and kneading by frictional heat, then cooling and sizing to form a particle size of 10 mm or less to form a plurality of different types of colored woody synthetic powder,
By mixing a plurality of different types of colored woody synthetic powder obtained in the above step, this mixed raw material,
Heated and kneaded, extruded with a screw from the extrusion die to the molding chamber of the molding die,
By giving resistance to the flow of the extruded dough extruded into the forming die, giving a change to the flow of the extruded dough, forming a wood grain pattern on the extruded dough, and gradually cooling the extruded dough to cure. A method of forming wood grain on a wood composite board, comprising a step.
前記着色木質合成粉を着色剤として、セルロース系破砕物に対して5〜25wt%添加し、セルロース系破砕物及び熱可塑性樹脂材料と共にゲル化混練する請求項1又は2記載の木質合成板における木目形成方法。The grain in the woody synthetic board according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the colored woody synthetic powder is added as a coloring agent in an amount of 5 to 25 wt% based on the cellulosic crushed material and gelled and kneaded with the cellulosic crushed material and the thermoplastic resin material. Forming method. 着色木質合成粉を着色剤として添加した前記着色木質合成粉を他の色彩の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉に15〜40wt%混合する請求項3記載の木質合成板における木目形成方法。The method for forming wood grain in a woody synthetic board according to claim 3, wherein the colored woody synthetic powder to which the colored woody synthetic powder is added as a colorant is mixed with 15 to 40 wt% of the colored woody synthetic powder to which a colorant of another color is added. 前記着色剤が、それぞれ、黄色系、黒色系、白色系又は黄茶色系である請求項1又は2記載の木質合成板における木目形成方法。The method for forming a grain in a woody synthetic board according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the colorants are yellow, black, white or yellow-brown, respectively. セルロース系破砕物及び熱可塑性樹脂材料と共にゲル化混練される着色剤は、前記セルロース系破砕物に対して、それぞれ、3〜10wt%の黄色系着色剤、3〜10wt%の黒色系着色剤、20〜60wt%の白色系着色剤である請求項1〜3いずれか1項記載の木質合成板における木目形成方法。The colorant that is gelled and kneaded with the cellulosic crushed material and the thermoplastic resin material is 3 to 10% by weight of a yellow colorant, 3 to 10% by weight of a black colorant, The grain formation method for a woody synthetic board according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the grain is a white colorant of 20 to 60 wt%. 混合されるべき着色木質合成粉と木質合成粉又は着色木質合成粉は、前記木質合成粉又は着色木質合成粉を形成する熱可塑性樹脂材料を同一素材とする請求項1又は2記載の木質合成板における木目形成方法。The woody synthetic board according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the woody synthetic powder and the woody synthetic powder or the woody synthetic powder to be mixed are made of the same thermoplastic resin material forming the woody synthetic powder or the woody synthetic powder. Grain formation method in. 白色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉65〜97wt%と、
木質合成粉又は黄茶色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉3〜35wt%を混合する請求項1又は2記載の木質合成板における木目形成方法。
65-97 wt% of colored woody synthetic powder to which a white colorant is added;
The method for forming wood grain on a woody synthetic board according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 3 to 35 wt% of a woody synthetic powder or a colored woody synthetic powder to which a yellow-brown colorant is added is mixed.
木質合成粉又は黄茶色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉85〜97wt%と、
黒色系の着色剤を添加した着色木質合成粉3〜15wt%を混合する請求項1又は2記載の木質合成板における木目形成方法。
A woody synthetic powder or a colored woody synthetic powder to which a yellow-brown colorant is added, 85 to 97 wt%;
3. The method for forming wood grain on a woody synthetic board according to claim 1, wherein 3 to 15 wt% of a colored woody synthetic powder to which a black colorant is added is mixed.
白色系の着色剤を添加した第1着色木質合成粉60〜80wt%と、
前記第1着色木質合成粉を着色剤として添加した第2着色木質合成粉20〜40wt%を混合する請求項3記載の木質合成板における木目形成方法。
A first colored woody synthetic powder to which a white colorant has been added;
The method for forming a grain in a wood composite board according to claim 3, wherein 20 to 40 wt% of the second colored wood composite powder to which the first colored wood composite powder is added as a coloring agent is mixed.
黄色系の着色剤を添加した第1着色木質合成粉50〜60wt%と、
前記第1着色木質合成粉を着色剤として添加した第2着色木質合成板20〜30wt%と、
黒色系の着色剤を添加した第3着色木質合成粉10〜20wt%と、
白色系の着色剤を添加した第4着色木質合成粉1〜10wt%を混合する請求項3記載の木質合成板における木目形成方法。
A first colored woody synthetic powder to which a yellow colorant is added, 50 to 60 wt%;
20-30 wt% of a second colored woody synthetic board to which the first colored woody synthetic powder is added as a colorant,
10 to 20% by weight of a third colored woody synthetic powder to which a black colorant is added;
The method of forming wood grain in a wood composite board according to claim 3, wherein 1 to 10 wt% of a fourth colored woody synthetic powder to which a white colorant is added is mixed.
前記押出し生地を成形ダイへ押し出した押出し力に抗する抑制力を加えて押出し生地の密度を高くして、この押出し生地の流れにさらに変化を与えると共に、前記押出し生地を徐冷し硬化させる工程を含む請求項1〜3,又は5〜11いづれか1項記載の木質合成板における木目形成方法。A step of increasing the density of the extruded dough by adding a suppressing force against the extruding force that extruded the extruded dough into a forming die, further changing the flow of the extruded dough, and gradually cooling and hardening the extruded dough. The grain formation method for a wood composite board according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and 5 to 11. 含有水分量を15wt%以内とし平均粒径20メッシュ以下のセルロース系破砕物と熱可塑性樹脂材料、又は、前記セルロース系破砕物と熱可塑性樹脂材料、及び着色剤を攪拌衝撃翼により混合して、摩擦熱によりゲル化混練し、次いで冷却して粒径10mm以下に整粒し、木質合成粉及び着色木質合成粉、又は複数種類の着色木質合成粉を形成する手段と、
前記木質合成粉と着色木質合成粉、又は複数種類の着色木質合成粉を混合し、混合原料を得る手段と、
この混合原料を、加熱、練成し、スクリューをもって押出す押出機の押出ダイに、前記押出しダイより吐出された押出し生地を加熱する溶融部及び所定の肉厚に成形して徐冷する徐冷部を有する成形室を備えた成形ダイを連結し、前記成形ダイの成形室を加熱するヒータを備えた溶融部と、成形室を冷却する冷却手段を備えた徐冷部を成形ダイ内に設けると共に、成形ダイの成形室内に変流体を設けたことを特徴とする木質合成板における木目形成装置。
The content of water is within 15 wt% and the average particle diameter of 20 mesh or less and a cellulose crushed material and a thermoplastic resin material, or the cellulose crushed material and a thermoplastic resin material, and a colorant are mixed by a stirring impeller, Means for gelling and kneading by frictional heat, then cooling and sizing to a particle size of 10 mm or less, forming a woody synthetic powder and a colored woody synthetic powder, or a plurality of types of colored woody synthetic powders,
Means for mixing the woody synthetic powder and the colored woody synthetic powder, or a plurality of types of colored woody synthetic powder, to obtain a mixed raw material,
This mixed material is heated, kneaded, and extruded with a screw. The extruded material is extruded from the extruder. A molding die having a molding chamber having a section is connected, and a melting section having a heater for heating the molding chamber of the molding die, and a slow cooling section having cooling means for cooling the molding chamber are provided in the molding die. A grain forming apparatus for a wood composite board, wherein a variable fluid is provided in a molding chamber of a molding die.
前記変流体は、前記成形室の溶融部内に、押出し生地の流れ方向に平行に配置された複数の板状体であることを特徴とする請求項13記載の木質合成板における木目形成装置。14. The grain forming apparatus for a woody synthetic board according to claim 13, wherein the variable fluid is a plurality of plate-like bodies arranged in a melting portion of the molding chamber in parallel with a flow direction of the extruded dough. 前記変流体は、前記成形室の溶融部内に、垂直に立設された、溶融部内の上下壁面と連続する複数の角柱状、円柱状又は針状の変流体であることを特徴とする請求項13記載の木質合成板における木目形成装置。The variable fluid is a plurality of prismatic, columnar, or needle-shaped variable fluids that are vertically erected in the melting part of the molding chamber and that are continuous with upper and lower wall surfaces in the melting part. 14. A grain forming apparatus for a wood composite board according to item 13. 前記成形ダイより押し出された押出し生地の押出力に抗する抑制力を加えるブレーキ手段を設けたことを特徴とする請求項13〜15いづれか1項記載の木質合成板における木目形成装置。The grain forming apparatus for a woody synthetic board according to any one of claims 13 to 15, further comprising a brake means for applying a suppressing force against a pushing force of the extruded dough extruded from the forming die.
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