JP3588170B2 - End mill for 3D machining - Google Patents

End mill for 3D machining Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3588170B2
JP3588170B2 JP22590895A JP22590895A JP3588170B2 JP 3588170 B2 JP3588170 B2 JP 3588170B2 JP 22590895 A JP22590895 A JP 22590895A JP 22590895 A JP22590895 A JP 22590895A JP 3588170 B2 JP3588170 B2 JP 3588170B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
end mill
nick
cutting edge
tip
row
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP22590895A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH0957519A (en
Inventor
悦臣 菅野
要 菅沼
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Moldino Tool Engineering Ltd
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Hitachi Tool Engineering Ltd
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Priority to JP22590895A priority Critical patent/JP3588170B2/en
Publication of JPH0957519A publication Critical patent/JPH0957519A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B23C5/109Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft with removable cutting inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/202Plate-like cutting inserts with special form
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/12Side or flank surfaces
    • B23C2200/125Side or flank surfaces discontinuous
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/20Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23C2200/206Cutting edges having a wave-form

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本願発明は、3次元加工用エンドミルとそのチップに関し、特に深切り込み用の3次元加工用エンドミルに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
深切り込み用に使用されるエンドミルには、切刃長さの大きいロング刃タイプのエンドミルが多く、ハイス製のソリッドラフィングエンドミル、超硬ねじれチップをロー付けした付刃ラフィングエンドミル、超硬スローアウェイチップを用いたスローアウェイ式ラフィングエンドミル等が使用されている。
このスローアウェイタイプは、スローアウェイチップを離間的に配置したり、スローアウェイチップにニックを設けて切り屑分断による切削抵抗低減を計ることにより、切削抵抗の増加や、ロング刃から生ずるエンドミル剛性の低下を軽減させることができ、ビビリのない安定した切削ができ、また刃の交換が簡易に行えるため広く用いられている。
【0003】
しかし、3次元加工、特に深切り込みを行いながら曲面を倣い加工する場合には、軸方向送りを伴う場合が多く、図1に示す実開昭62−138522号公報に記載のラフィングエンドミル用チップでは、スローアウェイチップ1の切刃上に、切刃に直角にニック2を設けているので、本体の軸方向すくい角(以後、Arと略称する。)の分、ニックコーナ内側の凹部は先端切刃側3ではこのAr角度分逃げ角がつくが、切刃後端側4では、逆に刃先より出っ張った形となる。従って、軸方向(Z方向)の送りを伴った3次元加工ではビビリを生じ、逃げ角が逆になったコーナ部より欠けが生じる。
このため、Ar角度分傾けてニックを設け、逃げ面上でニックの幅が等しくした例として実公平6−7856号公報記載のものもあり、図2に例として示すが、切削時のニックコーナ部での逃げ角は0度ということになり、Z方向の送りを伴う3次元加工では必ずしも満足のいく安定切削はできず、ビビリ、コーナ部欠損を生じたりしていた。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この原因として、3次元加工のように、軸方向送りを伴うときには、ニックコーナ内側の凹部が切削に関与するため、逃げ角が必要であり、一般的な肩削りの深切り込みに用いるラフィングエンドミルではなく、3次元加工により適するニック形状を備えたスローアウェイチップを使用する必要がある。
【0005】
【本発明の目的】
それゆえ、本願発明は切刃にニックを設けたスローアウェイチップを使用する3次元加工用エンドミルの、ニック部分のチッピングを防ぎ、更にそのニックの配置を工夫してエンドミル本体の受ける切削抵抗を軽減させることにより、長寿命を示す3次元加工用エンドミルを提供するものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そのため、軸方向に螺旋状の4つの等配溝を有し、前記溝内に切刃となるスローアウェイチップを離間的に複数有する3次元加工用エンドミルにおいて、該スローアウエィチップは、逃げ角αを有する略正方形状のポジチップで、直線状の主切刃からすくい面である上面の内方に向かって凹状のニックが、各辺毎に2ヶ又は3ヶ、かつ、各々2辺づつ設け、該ニックは、主切刃と直交する仮想線に対して、該エンドミルの軸方向すくい角度分傾け、ニック逃げ角βは、主切刃の逃げ角αと同じか、これより大きい逃げ角を有し、ニック深さは、その上面視において、凹状の深さ方向で狭くなり、該4つの等配溝のうち、A列として、相対する2溝は、軸方向の略同じ位置に軸方向すくい角を有する形でスローアウェイチップが配置され、B列として、該A列と直交する残りの2溝は、該A列のチップ離間部にスローアウェイチップを設け、該A列のスローアウェイチップの切刃には2ヶのニック、該B列のスローアウェイチップの切刃には3ヶのニックを配置したことを特徴とする3次元加工用エンドミルである
【0007】
【作用】
これらの構成をとることにより、切削時に、ニック部にも確実に逃げ角をつけることができるので、軸心と直交方向の加工だけでなく、軸方向の送りが伴う3次元加工でも安定した切削ができる。
特に、2)、3)により、ニックコーナ部3は鈍角となり強度の向上がはかれると共に、3次元加工では、切刃として使用されるニックコーナ内側の凹部にも確実に逃げ角をつけることができるので3次元加工がより安定して行うことができる。
更に、正方形状のポジチップで、1辺の切刃内にニックの数が2ヶと3ヶとが2辺づつあり、使用時にはニック2ヶと3ヶとの組合せで、回転軌跡が直線状をとるようニックを配置することにより、スローアウェイチップの切刃をニックによって細かく分断できるので切削抵抗を軽減させることができる。
【0008】
前記スローアウェイチップは、軸方向に螺旋状の4つの等配溝を有し、前記溝内に切刃となるスローアウェイチップを離間的に複数有する3次元加工用エンドミルにおいて、上記4溝のうち、相対する2溝(以後、A列と称す。)は軸方向の略同じ位置に軸方向すくい角を有する形でスローアウェイチップが配置され、これと直交する残りの2溝(以後、B列と称す。)には、A列のチップ離間部にスローアウェイチップを設けて、回転軌跡が円柱状を呈し、かつ、前記A列のスローアウェイチップの切刃には2ヶのニック、前記B列のスローアウェイチップの切刃には3ヶのニックが配置されており、スローアウェイチップが互いに直線切刃を補うようにA列及びB列内で、2ヶと3ヶのニック切刃部の組み合わせてなる3次元加工用エンドミルである。
【0009】
また、前記3次元加工用エンドミルでは、該エンドミル先端部にコーナーR部又はボール部を設けたことにより、倣い加工等における汎用性を高めることができる。また、有効刃長が刃先外径の2倍以上を有するロングタイプのエンドミルにおいては、オーバーハング量が大きいためエンドミル剛性が低下するので、なおさら切削抵抗の軽減が必要となるため、ニックを配置したスローアウェイチップの使用がより効果的である。以下、実施例に基づき本願発明を詳細に説明する。
【0010】
【実施例1】
まず、スローアウェイチップとしては、内接円12.7の正方形ポジチップを用いて、図3〜図5に示すように、Ar分傾けてニック1を1辺に2ヶ所・1辺に3ヶ所、各々2辺づつ設け、次いで、ニック1の深さbより大きなR付き砥石を用いてニックの加工を行い、ニックコーナ部3を鈍角に形成させることにより強度をもたせると共に、ニックコーナ内側の凹部にも逃げ角をつける。
【0011】
更に、このスローアウェイチップを外径φ48mm、刃長150mmの4溝のエンドミルにて、相対するA列の2溝には、略同位置チップがあり、離間的に配置され、A列と直交するB列の2溝には、A列のチップ離間部にチップがあり、回転軌跡で円筒状を形成させるよう配置する。すなわち、実質的に2枚刃エンドミルとする。更に、上記スローアウェイチップのニックは本体のAr分傾いて設けてあるので、セットされた状態においてはニック部にも確実に逃げ角が設けられた状態になっている。
【0012】
次に、上記エンドミルを用いて、プレス型を以下の切削諸元で切削した。尚、比較のため、ニックを形成しないスローアウェイチップを用いて同様に試験を行った。
切削速度 50mm/min
1回転当たりの送り量 0.47mm/rev
テーブル送り量 155mm/min
軸方向切り込み量 40〜50mm
径方向切り込み量 5〜10mm
被削材 鋳造金型材(火炎焼入可能)
本発明品は、ロング刃で、オーバーハング量も150mmと大きく、かつZ方向の送りを伴った3次元切削でも適切なニック形状により切り屑は分断され、切削抵抗軽減により、ビビリもなく、切削音も静かな安定した切削をすることができたのに対し、比較品では、ビビリが激しく切削できない状態であった。
【0013】
【発明の効果】
本発明のエンドミルを適用することにより、従来ハイスラフィングエンドミルを用いて切削速度15〜20m/minと低速にて行っていた加工が、高能率に自動化でき、かつ、安定した切削ができるようになったので、信頼性も向上し、夜間使用の無人化も図れるようになった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、図1に使用されているスローアウェイチップの斜視図を示す。
【図2】図2は、他の従来例に使用されているスローアウェイチップの上面図を示す。
【図3】図3は、本発明のスローアウェイチップの上面図を示す。
【図4】図4は、図4の一部断面図をともなう左側面図を示す。
【図5】図5は、図4のニック形状を部分拡大図を示す。
【図6】図6は、本発明の3次元加工用エンドミルの正面図を示す。
【図7】図7は、図7のチップの配列を現す説明図を示す。
【符号の簡単な説明】
1 スローアウェイチップ
2 ニック
3 先端切刃側
4 切刃後端側
Ar 軸方向すくい角
a ニック幅
b ニック深さ
α 逃げ角
β ニック逃げ角
[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to an end mill for three-dimensional processing and a chip thereof, and more particularly to an end mill for three-dimensional processing for deep cutting.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Many of the end mills used for deep cutting are long-end type end mills with a large cutting edge length, high-speed solid roughing end mills, bladed roughing end mills with brazed carbide torsion tips, and carbide throwaway inserts And a throw-away luffing end mill or the like.
This throw-away type increases the cutting resistance and reduces the end mill stiffness caused by long blades by arranging the throw-away tips separately or by providing a nick on the throw-away tips to reduce cutting resistance by cutting off chips. It is widely used because it can reduce the drop, can perform stable cutting without chatter, and can easily exchange blades.
[0003]
However, in the case of performing three-dimensional processing, particularly in the case of processing a curved surface while performing a deep cut, it often involves an axial feed, and in the insert for a roughing end mill described in Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 62-138522 shown in FIG. Since the nick 2 is provided on the cutting edge of the throw-away tip 1 at a right angle to the cutting edge, the concave portion inside the nick corner is notched by the axial rake angle (hereinafter abbreviated as Ar) of the main body. On the blade side 3, the clearance angle is provided by this Ar angle, but on the rear end side 4 of the cutting blade, on the contrary, it protrudes from the cutting edge. Therefore, chattering occurs in three-dimensional machining with feed in the axial direction (Z direction), and chipping occurs at corners where the clearance angle is reversed.
For this reason, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-7856 discloses an example in which the nicks are provided by inclining by the Ar angle and the nicks have the same width on the flank, and this is shown in FIG. 2 as an example. The relief angle at the part is 0 degree, so that satisfactory three-dimensional machining with feed in the Z direction cannot always achieve satisfactory stable cutting, causing chattering and corner portion defects.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The reason for this is that when the feed is performed in the axial direction as in three-dimensional machining, the recess inside the nick corner is involved in cutting, so a clearance angle is required. Instead, it is necessary to use a throwaway tip having a nick shape more suitable for three-dimensional processing.
[0005]
[Object of the present invention]
Therefore, the present invention prevents chipping of the nick portion of a three-dimensional machining end mill using a throw-away insert having a nick on a cutting edge, and further reduces the cutting resistance received by the end mill body by devising the arrangement of the nick. By doing so, it is possible to provide an end mill for three-dimensional machining that exhibits a long life.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, in a three-dimensional machining end mill having four equally- distributed grooves spiral in the axial direction, and having a plurality of spaced-apart inserts as cutting edges in the grooves, the throw-away insert has a clearance angle α. With a substantially square positive tip having, from the straight main cutting edge, two or three nicks are provided on each side toward the inside of the upper surface which is a rake face, and two nicks are provided on each side, The nick is inclined with respect to an imaginary line orthogonal to the main cutting edge by an axial rake angle of the end mill, and the nick clearance angle β has a clearance angle equal to or larger than the clearance angle α of the main cutting edge. Then, the nick depth becomes narrower in the concave depth direction when viewed from above, and, among the four equally-distributed grooves, two opposing grooves as the row A are axially raked at substantially the same position in the axial direction. The throw-away tip is arranged in the form having a corner, and row B and The remaining two grooves orthogonal to the row A are provided with a throw-away tip at the tip separation portion of the row A, the cutting edge of the throw-away tip of the row A has two nicks, the cutting edges away tip is a three-dimensional machining end mill, characterized in that a three-month nick.
[0007]
[Action]
By adopting these configurations, a relief angle can be reliably given to the nick part during cutting, so that not only machining in the direction perpendicular to the axis but also 3D machining with axial feed is stable. Can be.
In particular, according to 2) and 3), the nick corner portion 3 becomes obtuse and the strength is improved, and in the three-dimensional processing, a relief angle can be reliably provided in the concave portion inside the nick corner used as a cutting edge. Therefore, three-dimensional processing can be performed more stably.
Furthermore, with a square-shaped positive tip, the number of nicks is two and three on each side within a cutting edge on one side. When used, the combination of two and three nicks makes the rotation locus linear. By disposing the nick so that the cutting edge of the indexable insert can be finely divided by the nick, the cutting resistance can be reduced.
[0008]
The throw-away insert has four equally-distributed grooves spiral in the axial direction, and in a three-dimensional machining end mill having a plurality of spaced-apart inserts that are cutting edges in the groove, the end mill for the three-dimensional machining includes: In the two opposing grooves (hereinafter referred to as row A), the throw-away tip is disposed at substantially the same position in the axial direction with an axial rake angle, and the remaining two grooves (hereinafter, row B) are orthogonal to this. ), A throw-away tip is provided at the tip separation portion in row A, the rotation trajectory has a columnar shape, and the cutting edge of the throw-away tip in row A has two nicks, Three nicks are arranged on the cutting edges of the row throw-away tips, and two and three nick cutting portions in the rows A and B so that the throw-away tips complement each other with straight cutting edges. 3D machining engine that is a combination of A mill.
[0009]
Further, in the end mill for three-dimensional processing, versatility in copying or the like can be enhanced by providing a corner R portion or a ball portion at the end portion of the end mill. In a long type end mill having an effective blade length of twice or more the outer diameter of the cutting edge, the nick was arranged because the overhang amount was large and the end mill stiffness was reduced, so it was necessary to further reduce the cutting resistance. The use of indexable tips is more effective. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on examples.
[0010]
Embodiment 1
First, as a throw-away tip, a square positive tip having an inscribed circle of 12.7 was used, and as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the nicks 1 were tilted by Ar and two places per side, three places per side, Each nick is provided by two sides, and then the nick is processed by using a grinding wheel with an R larger than the depth b of the nick 1 so that the nick corner portion 3 is formed at an obtuse angle so as to have strength and to be provided with a concave portion inside the nick corner. Also make a relief angle.
[0011]
Further, the throw-away insert is provided with a four-groove end mill having an outer diameter of 48 mm and a blade length of 150 mm. The two grooves in row A have tips substantially at the same position, are spaced apart, and are orthogonal to row A. In the two grooves in row B, there is a chip at the chip separation portion in row A, and they are arranged so as to form a cylindrical shape on the rotation trajectory. That is, it is substantially a two-flute end mill. Further, since the nick of the throw-away tip is provided to be inclined by the amount of Ar of the main body, a relief angle is surely provided also in the nick portion when set.
[0012]
Next, using the end mill, the press die was cut with the following cutting specifications. For comparison, a similar test was performed using a throw-away tip that did not form a nick.
Cutting speed 50mm / min
Feed per rotation 0.47mm / rev
Table feed 155mm / min
Axial depth of cut 40-50mm
Radial depth of cut 5-10mm
Work material Casting mold material (flame quenching possible)
The product of the present invention is a long blade, the overhang amount is as large as 150 mm, and even in three-dimensional cutting with feed in the Z direction, chips are separated by an appropriate nick shape, cutting resistance is reduced, there is no chatter, and cutting is performed. While stable cutting was possible with quiet sound, the comparative product was in a state where cutting was severe and it was not possible to cut.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
By applying the end mill of the present invention, machining that has been conventionally performed at a low cutting speed of 15 to 20 m / min using a high-suffering end mill can be automated with high efficiency, and stable cutting can be performed. As a result, reliability has improved and nighttime use can be unmanned.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a throw-away tip used in FIG.
FIG. 2 shows a top view of a throw-away tip used in another conventional example.
FIG. 3 shows a top view of the throw-away tip of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a left side view with a partial sectional view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the nick shape of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the end mill for three-dimensional processing of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing the arrangement of the chips in FIG. 7;
[Brief description of reference numerals]
Reference Signs List 1 throw-away tip 2 nick 3 tip cutting edge side 4 cutting edge rear end side Ar axial rake angle a nick width b nick depth α relief angle β nick relief angle

Claims (2)

軸方向に螺旋状の4つの等配溝を有し、前記溝内に切刃となるスローアウェイチップを離間的に複数有する3次元加工用エンドミルにおいて、該スローアウエィチップは、逃げ角αを有する略正方形状のポジチップで、直線状の主切刃からすくい面である上面の内方に向かって凹状のニックが、各辺毎に2ヶ又は3ヶ、かつ、各々2辺づつ設け、該ニックは、主切刃と直交する仮想線に対して、該エンドミルの軸方向すくい角度分傾け、ニック逃げ角βは、主切刃の逃げ角αと同じか、これより大きい逃げ角を有し、ニック深さは、その上面視において、凹状の深さ方向で狭くなり、該4つの等配溝のうち、A列として、相対する2溝は、軸方向の略同じ位置に軸方向すくい角を有する形でスローアウェイチップが配置され、B列として、該A列と直交する残りの2溝は、該A列のチップ離間部にスローアウェイチップを設け、該A列のスローアウェイチップの切刃には2ヶのニック、該B列のスローアウェイチップの切刃には3ヶのニックを配置したことを特徴とする3次元加工用エンドミル。In a three-dimensional machining end mill having four equally- distributed grooves spiral in the axial direction and having a plurality of spaced-apart inserts as cutting edges in the grooves, the throw-away insert has a clearance angle α. A substantially square positive tip, two or three concave nicks are provided on each side from the straight main cutting edge toward the inside of the rake face, and two nicks are provided on each side. Is inclined by an axial rake angle of the end mill with respect to an imaginary line orthogonal to the main cutting edge, and the nick clearance angle β is equal to or larger than the clearance angle α of the main cutting edge, The nick depth becomes narrower in the concave depth direction when viewed from above, and among the four equally-distributed grooves, as row A, two opposing grooves have an axial rake angle at substantially the same position in the axial direction. The throw-away chip is arranged in a form having The remaining two grooves perpendicular to the above are provided with a throwaway tip at the tip separation portion of the row A, the cutting edge of the throwaway tip of the row A has two nicks, and the cutting edge of the throwaway tip of the row B. An end mill for three-dimensional machining , characterized in that three nicks are arranged in the end mill. 請求項1記載の3次元加工用エンドミルにおいて、該エンドミル先端部にコーナーR部又はボール部を設けたことを特徴とする3次元加工用エンドミル。The end mill for three-dimensional machining according to claim 1, wherein a corner R portion or a ball portion is provided at a tip portion of the end mill.
JP22590895A 1995-08-10 1995-08-10 End mill for 3D machining Expired - Fee Related JP3588170B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP22590895A JP3588170B2 (en) 1995-08-10 1995-08-10 End mill for 3D machining

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP22590895A JP3588170B2 (en) 1995-08-10 1995-08-10 End mill for 3D machining

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JPH0957519A JPH0957519A (en) 1997-03-04
JP3588170B2 true JP3588170B2 (en) 2004-11-10

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