JP3566337B2 - Organic composting equipment - Google Patents

Organic composting equipment Download PDF

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JP3566337B2
JP3566337B2 JP10552694A JP10552694A JP3566337B2 JP 3566337 B2 JP3566337 B2 JP 3566337B2 JP 10552694 A JP10552694 A JP 10552694A JP 10552694 A JP10552694 A JP 10552694A JP 3566337 B2 JP3566337 B2 JP 3566337B2
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tractor
shaft
rotating shaft
paddles
rotating
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JPH07315974A (en
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ブラウン スタンレイ
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Brown Bear Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明はわら、雑草、落ち葉や家畜等の糞尿を積み上げ発酵させて堆肥化する装置に関する。更に詳しくは列状に積み上げられた糞尿等の有機物を撹拌しながら大気と混合して別の新しい列に積み上げ、発酵を促進させる有機物の堆肥化装置に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
農作物の肥料には無機質の化学肥料の他にわら、雑草、落ち葉などや豚、牛、馬等の家畜の糞尿や汚泥等の有機物を積み上げ発酵させた堆肥を使用している。堆肥は積み上げた状態で発酵させるため、従来一定期間経過毎に撹拌することで堆肥化を促進させている。この撹拌を容易に行うため従来列状に積み上げられた堆肥の上を跨いで列に従って進行しながら撹拌する装置や堆肥化を促進するための撹拌機が設けられた特別の設備が知られている（例えば実開昭５５−１１４５７２）。
【０００３】
しかし、これらの撹拌装置等は列に従って進行するための走行機構を備えた有機物撹拌専用装置であるため、使用しないときの保管スペースを多く占め非常に高価であった。
これらの点を解消するために、農場で一般的に使用されているトラクタに取付けることが可能で、トラクタの動力取出し装置からの動力をシャフト、チェーン及びスプロケット等で伝達し、一定の傾きを有するパドルを回転させることで列状に積み上げた有機物を撹拌して、大気と混合し、更にトラクタの進行とともに撹拌した有機物を別の新しい列に積み上げ発酵を促進させる有機物の堆肥化装置が試みられている。この装置は走行機構が不要になるため保管スペースが少なくて済みコストダウンが図られる。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、この有機物の堆肥化装置ではパドルが回転して有機物に衝突する際の衝撃及び有機物中を通過する際の摩擦等によりパドルが摩耗又は損傷し、更に動力の伝達手段であるチェーン、スプロケット等の消耗も激しいという改善すべき余地があった。
本発明の目的は保管スペースが少なくて済み、安価な有機物の堆肥化装置を提供することにある。
本発明の別の目的は、消耗品の部品点数が比較的少なくて済み、また消耗品の耐久性が高く、更により効率よく有機物を発酵させることのできる有機物の堆肥化装置を提供することにある。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するための本発明の構成を、実施例に対応する図１及び図２を用いて説明する。
本発明の有機物の堆肥化装置は、トラクタ１０の前部又は後部に連結具１２を介してトラクタ１０の幅方向に水平に延びて接続されたカバーフレーム１１と、フレーム１１の両端に設けられた一対の支持アーム１３，１３と、カバーフレーム１１により覆われるように一対の支持アーム１３，１３に両端が枢支された回転軸１４と、回転軸１４に取外し可能に互いに間隔をあけて回転軸１４から放射状に突出するように取付けられた複数のパドル１６と、回転軸１４を回転させる駆動手段１７ａ，１７ｂとを備える。そして、図５及び図６に示すように、複数のパドル１６は両側部１６ｃ，１６ｃ及び外周部１６ｂがそれぞれ鋸歯状に形成され、複数のパドル１６は両側部１６ｃ，１６ｃ及び外周部１６ｂの鋸歯が回転軸１４に取付けられる取付部１６ｄの中心と外周部１６ｂの中心を結ぶ線Ｌに対して対称であってかつ外周部１６ｂから取付部１６ｄの方向に投影したときに略Ｚ字状に両面兼用にそれぞれ形成され、回転軸１４の回転により複数のパドル１６が回転軸１４下方の有機物を回転軸１４の軸心方向であるトラクタ１０の側方に移動させるように構成される。
【０００６】
本発明の堆肥化装置は駆動手段がトラクタ１０の動力取出し装置により駆動される油圧ポンプ１７ａと、油圧ポンプ１７ａにより駆動される油圧モータ１７ｂとを備え、油圧モータ１７ｂを回転軸１４の一端に合成ゴムカップリング１８を介して回転軸１４と同軸に結合しかつ一対の支持アーム１３，１３の一方に取付けることが好ましい。
駆動手段が図９に示すようにトラクタ１０の動力取出し装置に自在継手２４ａ，２６ａを介して接続されるシャフト２４，２６と、シャフト２４，２６の先端と回転軸１４の一端に設けられシャフト２４，２６の回転をチェーン２３ｃを介して回転軸１４を回転させる第１及び第２スプロケット２３ａ，２３ｂとを備え、第２スプロケット２３ｂを回転軸１４の一端に合成ゴムカップリング１８を介して回転軸１４と同軸に結合されかつ一対の支持アーム２３，２３の一方に取付けることもできる。
【０００８】
【作用】
油圧ポンプ１７ａをトラクタの動力取出し装置により駆動し、油圧モータ１７ｂを回転させることにより、回転軸１４をパドル１６とともに回転させる。トラクタ１０を有機物の列に従って進行させると、回転軸１４に設けられた複数のパドル１６は有機物の列に突き当たりまたその中を通過することで有機物を撹拌し、有機物を撹拌する度にトラクタ１０の進行方向側方に有機物を移動させる。パドル１６の外周部１６ｂと両側部１６ｃ，１６ｃに形成された鋸歯は有機物中のわら、雑草等の繊維物を確実に切断する。パドル１６の両側部１６ｃ，１６ｃを互いに反対方向に傾け、パドルを略Ｚ字状にすれば有機物の中を通過する際に空気をより一層効率よく混合し、かつこの傾きにより有機物のトラクタ側方への移動をより容易にする。回転軸１４と油圧モータ１７ｂの連結部に合成ゴムカップリング１８を設ければ、有機物をパドル１６が撹拌するときに生じる振動または衝撃はその弾性により吸収し、装置の耐久性を向上させることができる。
【０００９】
【実施例】
次に本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳しく説明する。
図１及び図２に示すように、トラクタ１０の後部にはカバーフレーム１１が連結具１２により取付けられる。連結具１２はカバーフレーム１１をその背部の中央で枢支する枢支板１２ａと、その枢支板１２ａに溶接された略ハの字状の一対の連結部材１２ｂ，１２ｂと、トラクタ１０の後部下方に設けられた一対の後方に延びる支持部材１０ａ，１０ａと、トラクタ１０の後部上方に設けられた油圧シリンダ１０ｂから構成される。連結部材１２ｂには油圧シリンダ１０ｂのロッドと、支持部材１０ａ，１０ａがねじ手段１２ｃにより枢支される。ロッド及び支持部材１０ａ、１０ａを枢支した状態でトラクタ１０に設けられた油圧シリンダ１０ｂのロッドを伸縮させることによりカバーフレーム１１を地表に対して上げ下げすることができるようになっている。また枢支板１２ａの片側上端には突辺１２ｅが設けられ、突辺１２ｅ先端にはカバーフレーム１１の水平方向の傾きを調整するシリンダ１２ｄの一端が枢支される。シリンダ１２ｄは水平に支持されるようその他端がカバーフレーム１１の背部ほぼ中央に設けられたボス１１ａに枢支される。このシリンダ１２ｄのロッドを伸縮することでカバーフレーム１１の水平方向の傾きを調節することができるようになっている。
【００１０】
カバーフレーム１１は鋼板を加工して組立てられ、回転軸１４を覆うように形成される。カバーフレーム１１の上部にはプレート１１ｂが設けられる。またカバーフレーム１１の背部にはオイルを貯溜可能な図示しないリザーバタンクが設けられ、その上面にはオイルフィルタ１１ｃが設けられる。更にカバーフレーム１１はトラクタの幅方向に水平に延び、その長さがトラクタ１０の車幅より大きく作られる。その両端にはそれぞれ前下方に向って延びる互いに平行な一対の支持アーム１３，１３の基端が固着される。支持アーム１３，１３の先端にはやはり水平方向に延びる円筒状の回転軸１４の両端が枢支される。図３及び図４に詳しく示すように、回転軸１４の周囲には取外し可能に互いに間隔をあけて回転軸１４から放射状に突出するように複数のパドル１６が取付けられる。このために回転軸１４の外周には複数の取付け片１４ａが溶接により所定の間隔でかつ軸線に対して放射状に僅かに傾斜して取付けられ、その取付け片１４ａにはパドル１６をねじ１４ｂで止める取付孔が設けられる。図５〜図７に詳しく示すように、パドル１６には取付け片１４ａに設けられた取付孔に対応する取付け部１６ｄ近傍の位置に一対の挿入孔１６ａ，１６ａが設けられる。パドル１６の取付け部１６ｄは回転軸１４の外周面に相応して加工され、その他の外周部１６ｂ及び両側部１６ｃ，１６ｃは鋸歯状に加工される。またパドル１６は炭素鋼からなる鋼板を加工し、両側部１６ｃ，１６ｃ及び外周部１６ｂの鋸歯が取付け部１６ｄの中心と外周部１６ｂの中心を結ぶ線Ｌに対称に形成される。更にパドル１６は外周部１６ｂから取付部１６ｄの方向に投影したときに略Ｚ字状になるように両側部１６ｃ，１６ｃの鋸歯部が屈曲して形成され、いずれの面も取付け片１４ａに取付けられる、いわゆる両面兼用に形成される。この例における回転軸１４には、軸方向から視たときに放射状に３箇所パドル１６が設けられ、全てのパドル１６が回転軸１４に取付けられた状態では、図３に示すようにパドル１６の列Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃが回転軸１４の回りに螺旋状を形成する。
【００１１】
回転軸１４は駆動手段により回転し、この駆動手段はトラクタ１０の動力取出し装置により駆動される油圧ポンプ１７ａと、油圧ポンプ１７ａにより駆動され片側の支持アーム１３に設けられた油圧モータ１７ｂとにより構成される。図２に示すように油圧ポンプ１７ａはトラクタ１０の後部に取付けられ、トラクタ１０の動力取出し装置１０ｃで取出された動力を油圧ポンプ１７ａにより油圧に変えてこの圧力をチューブ１７ｃを介して油圧モータ１７ｂに伝える。チューブ１７ｃは図８に示すように配管される。即ち図８の矢印で示すようにカバーフレーム１１の背部に設けられた図示しないリザーバタンクに貯溜されているオイルを油圧ポンプ１７ａがトラクタ１０の動力取出し装置１０ｃの動力で油圧モータ１７ｂに搬送しこの圧力で油圧モータ１７ｂを駆動する。駆動後のオイルはチューブ１７ｃによりオイルフィルタ１１ｃを通過後リザーバタンクに戻るようになっている。油圧モータ１７ｂは図３に示すように片側の支持アーム１３に回転軸１４と同軸にねじ１３ａにより取付けられ、図４に示すように油圧モータ１７ｂの回転する軸心１７ｄとパドル１６が取付けられた回転軸１４とが合成ゴムカップリング１８を介して結合される。合成ゴムカップリング１８はこの例では回転軸１４と軸心１７ｄの間に挟んだ合成ゴム１８ａと、この合成ゴム１８ａを固定する４個のねじ１８ｂとにより構成される。
【００１２】
図９には本発明の別の構成の連結具及び駆動手段を示す。図９において上記実施例の図２に示される符号と同一符号は同一部品を示す。
図９に示すように、トラクタ１０の後部にはカバーフレーム１１が連結具２２により取付けられる。カバーフレーム１１の背部には枢支ブロック２２ａが設けられる。枢支ブロック２２ａには上面中央に一対の連結材２２ｂ，２２ｂが、またその背面下方両端部には連結片２２ｃ，２２ｃがそれぞれ溶接される。連結具２２はこの枢支ブロック２２ａと、トラクタ１０の後部下方に設けられた一対の後方に延びる支持部材１０ａ，１０ａと、トラクタ１０の後部上方に設けられた油圧シリンダ１０ｂから構成される。連結材２２ｂには油圧シリンダ１０ｂのロッドが、連結片２２ｃ，２２ｃには支持部材１０ａ，１０ａがそれぞれ枢支される。ロッド及び支持部材１０ａ、１０ａを枢支した状態でトラクタ１０に設けられた油圧シリンダ１０ｂのロッドを伸縮させることによりカバーフレーム１１を地表に対して上げ下げすることができるようになっている。枢支ブロック２２ａの上面には別にトラクタ１０からの動力を中継する中継シャフト２２ｄが設けられ、カバーにより覆われる。またカバーフレーム１１の両端にはそれぞれ前下方に向って延びる互いに平行な一対の支持アーム２３（図では片側のみ示す）の基端が固着される。
【００１３】
トラクタ１０の動力取出し装置１０ｃには自在継手２４ａを介して第１シャフト２４が接続され、第１シャフト２４の他端は枢支ブロック２２ａの上部に設けられた中継シャフト２２ｄの一端に接続される。中継シャフト２２ｄの他端は第２シャフト２６がやはり自在継手２６ａを介して接続され、第２シャフト２６の他端は片側の支持アーム２３内部に設けられた第１スプロケット２３ａに接続される。この支持アーム２３は板金により箱形に形成され、一面が開放され、その開放面は蓋２３ｄにより覆われるように構成される。支持アーム２３内部の一端には前述した第１スプロケット２３ａが第２シャフト２６により回転可能に設けられ、他端は回転軸１４の一端を枢支する。回転軸１４の一端は合成ゴムカップリング１８を介して枢支され、枢支した支持アーム２３内部には第２スプロケット２３ｂが回転軸１４に同軸に設けられる。第１スプロケット２３ａ及び第２スプロケット２３ｂにはチェーン２３ｃが掛け渡される。回転軸１４は第２スプロケット２３ｂの回転により回転し、第２スプロケット２３ｂは第１スプロケット２３ａの回転をチェーン２３ｃにより伝達されて回転する。即ち回転軸１４はトラクタ１０の動力取出し装置に自在継手２４ａ，２６ａを介して接続された第１及び第２シャフト２４，２６により動力取出し装置の回転力が伝達され回転するように構成される。
【００１４】
このように構成された有機物の堆肥化装置の動作を説明する。
予め、有機物は列状に積み上げられており、所定の期間が経過した状態とする。この状態の有機物の発酵を促進すべく撹拌の必要が生じた場合、トラクタ１０の後部に堆肥化装置を連結具１２又は２２を介して取付ける。取付けた後にトラクタ１０に設けられた油圧シリンダ１０ｂによりこの堆肥化装置を地表より浮かし列状に積み上げられた有機物の列の端部までトラクタ１０を後退させることにより移動する。トラクタ後方の堆肥化装置がその列に臨む位置に来たときに油圧シリンダ１０ｂのロッドを伸ばすことにより堆肥化装置をその底部が地表に接するよう位置させる。このとき装置自体に傾きが生じていればカバーフレーム１１の背部に設けられたシリンダ１２ｄにより装置を水平に調整する。
【００１５】
この状態で油圧モータ１７ｂ又は第１及び第２シャフト２４，２６をトラクタの動力取出し装置１０ｃにより駆動し、油圧モータ１７ｂ又は第１及び第２スプロケット２３ａ，２３ｂを回転させて回転軸１４をパドル１６とともに回転させ、トラクタ１０を有機物の列に従って進行させる。即ちこの実施例においてはトラクタ１０の後部に堆肥化装置が取付けられているため、トラクタ１０を有機物の列に添って後退させる。回転軸１４に設けられた複数のパドル１６は有機物の列に突き当たりまたその中を通過することで有機物を撹拌する。また各パドル１６は、一定の角度を持って回転軸１４に溶接された取付け片１４ａにねじ１４ｂにより取付けられているため、スクリュウと同様の作用を有し有機物を撹拌する度にトラクタ１０の進行方向側方に有機物を移動させる。このときパドル１６の外周部１６ｂと両側部１６ｃ，１６ｃに形成された鋸歯は有機物中のわら、雑草等の繊維物を切断し、両側部１６ｃ，１６ｃに設けられた略Ｚ字状の傾きは有機物の中を通過する際に空気を混合させ、かつこの傾きにより有機物のトラクタ側方への移動をより容易にする。
【００１６】
有機物をパドル１６が撹拌するときに生じる振動または衝撃は回転軸１４と油圧モータ１７ｂの連結部に設けられた合成ゴムカップリング１８がその弾性により吸収し油圧モータ１７ｂ又は第２スプロケット２３ｂに負担がかからないようにする。
列状の有機物を撹拌してトラクタ側方に移し終えたときには、トラクタ１０に設けられた油圧シリンダ１０ｂのロッドを縮めることで堆肥化装置を地表から浮かび上がらせ、次の列に移動するか又は作業を終了させる。
【００１７】
なお、上記実施例では回転軸断面におけるパドルを３枚放射状に取付けたが、２枚放射状に設けてもよく、また４枚又は５枚放射状に設けてもよい。
また、上記実施例では合成ゴムカップリングは合成ゴムと、４個のねじにより構成したが、ねじの周囲に合成ゴムを設けたカップリングでもよく、又は他の構造のカップリングでもよい。
更に、上記実施例ではトラクタの後方に堆肥化装置を取付けたが、トラクタ前方に取付けてもよい。
【００１８】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明によれば、パドルの外周部と両側部に鋸歯を形成したので有機物中のわら、雑草等の繊維物を細かく切断でき、またＺ字状の傾きを設ければパドルが有機物の中を通過する際に空気をより多く混合させるので、結果的により効率よく発酵させることができる。また駆動手段を油圧ポンプと油圧モータとにより構成し、油圧モータを回転軸と同軸に設ければチェーン、スプロケット等を使用することなく消耗品の部品点数を減らすことができる。更にパドルを両面とも使用することのできるように対称に形作し、そのパドルの列を回転軸に螺旋状に設ければ、有機物を撹拌する際に常に均等の力で撹拌することができ、パドルが消耗したならば反対に付け替えればよく、パドルの耐久性を向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明実施例有機物の堆肥化装置を取付けたトラクタの斜視図。
【図２】その装置の連結部の斜視図。
【図３】その装置を斜め後方から見た図。
【図４】図３のＤ−Ｄ線断面図。
【図５】その装置に使用するパドルの平面図。
【図６】そのパドルの正面図。
【図７】そのパドルの側面図。
【図８】本発明実施例有機物の堆肥化装置に使用する駆動手段の油圧回路図。
【図９】本発明の別の実施例の連結部の斜視図。
【符号の説明】
１０ トラクタ
１１ カバーフレーム
１２，２２ 連結具
１３，２３ 支持アーム
１４ 回転軸
１６ パドル
１６ｂ 外周部
１６ｃ 両側部
１６ｄ 取付け部
１７ａ 油圧ポンプ
１７ｂ 油圧モータ
１８ 合成ゴムカップリング
２３ａ，２３ｂ スプロケット
２３ｃ チェーン
２４，２６ シャフト
２４ａ，２６ａ 自在継手[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to an apparatus for stacking and fermenting manure of straw, weeds, fallen leaves, livestock, and the like to make compost. More particularly, the present invention relates to an organic composting apparatus for accumulating organic substances such as manure and the like, which are mixed with the atmosphere while stirring, and stacking the same in another new row to promote fermentation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As fertilizers for agricultural products, in addition to inorganic chemical fertilizers, compost obtained by stacking and fermenting organic matter such as straw, weeds, fallen leaves, and manure and sludge of livestock such as pigs, cows, and horses is used. Since the compost is fermented in a piled state, composting is conventionally promoted by stirring every predetermined period. In order to facilitate this agitation, conventionally, there is known a device that stirs while advancing according to the row while straddling compost piled up in a row and a special facility provided with a stirrer to promote composting. (For example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 55-114572).
[0003]
However, since these stirrers and the like are devices dedicated to organic stirrer provided with a traveling mechanism for traveling in line, they occupy a lot of storage space when not in use and are very expensive.
In order to eliminate these points, it can be attached to tractors commonly used on farms, and the power from the tractor power take-off device is transmitted by shafts, chains, sprockets, etc., and has a certain inclination An organic composting device that stirs the organic matter piled up in a row by rotating the paddle, mixes it with the atmosphere, and further accumulates the stirred organic matter in another new row with the progress of the tractor and promotes fermentation has been attempted. I have. Since this device does not require a traveling mechanism, the storage space is reduced and the cost is reduced.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in this organic matter composting apparatus, the paddle is worn or damaged due to the impact when the paddle rotates and collides with the organic matter and the friction when passing through the organic matter, and furthermore, the chain, sprocket, etc., which are power transmission means. There was room for improvement, as the exhaustion of tires was also severe.
An object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive organic matter composting device that requires a small storage space.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a composting apparatus for organic matter, which requires relatively few parts for consumables, has high durability of consumables, and can more efficiently ferment organic matter. is there.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A configuration of the present invention for achieving the above object will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 corresponding to the embodiment.
The organic matter composting apparatus of the present invention is provided at both ends of the cover 11 and the cover frame 11 which is connected to the front or rear of the tractor 10 in the width direction of the tractor 10 via the connector 12 so as to extend horizontally . A pair of support arms 13, 13, a rotating shaft 14 pivotally supported at both ends by the pair of supporting arms 13, 13 so as to be covered by the cover frame 11, and a rotating shaft 14 detachably attached to the rotating shaft 14. A plurality of paddles 16 are provided so as to protrude radially from 14, and driving means 17 a and 17 b for rotating the rotating shaft 14 are provided. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the plurality of paddles 16 are formed with sawtooth shapes on both sides 16c, 16c and the outer peripheral portion 16b, and the plurality of paddles 16 are sawtooth on both side portions 16c, 16c and the outer peripheral portion 16b. Are symmetrical with respect to a line L connecting the center of the mounting portion 16d mounted on the rotating shaft 14 and the center of the outer peripheral portion 16b, and are substantially Z-shaped when projected from the outer peripheral portion 16b toward the mounting portion 16d. A plurality of paddles 16 are formed so as to be used together with each other, and the plurality of paddles 16 are configured to move the organic matter below the rotation shaft 14 to the side of the tractor 10 which is the axial direction of the rotation shaft 14 by the rotation of the rotation shaft 14 .
[0006]
The composting apparatus of the present invention includes a hydraulic pump 17a driven by a power take-out device of the tractor 10 and a hydraulic motor 17b driven by the hydraulic pump 17a. The hydraulic motor 17b is combined with one end of the rotary shaft 14. It is preferable to be coaxially coupled to the rotation shaft 14 via a rubber coupling 18 and to be attached to one of the pair of support arms 13.
As shown in FIG. 9, drive means are connected to a power take-out device of the tractor 10 via universal joints 24a, 26a, and shafts 24, 26 are provided at the ends of the shafts 24, 26 and one end of the rotating shaft 14. , 26 for rotating the rotary shaft 14 via a chain 23c, and a first and a second sprockets 23a, 23b. The second sprocket 23b is connected to one end of the rotary shaft 14 via a synthetic rubber coupling 18 for the rotary shaft. 14 and can be attached to one of a pair of support arms 23,23.
[0008]
[Action]
The hydraulic pump 17a is driven by the power take-out device of the tractor, and the rotary shaft 14 rotates together with the paddle 16 by rotating the hydraulic motor 17b. When the tractor 10 advances in accordance with the row of organic substances, the plurality of paddles 16 provided on the rotating shaft 14 abut against the row of organic substances and agitate the organic substances by passing therethrough. The organic matter is moved to the side in the traveling direction. The saw teeth formed on the outer peripheral portion 16b of the paddle 16 and the both side portions 16c, 16c surely cut a fiber material such as straw and weed in the organic matter. By inclining both sides 16c, 16c of the paddle 16 in directions opposite to each other and making the paddle substantially Z-shaped, air can be mixed more efficiently when passing through the organic matter, and this inclination makes the side of the tractor of the organic matter lateral. Make it easier to move to. If a synthetic rubber coupling 18 is provided at the connection between the rotary shaft 14 and the hydraulic motor 17b, vibration or shock generated when the paddle 16 agitates organic substances is absorbed by its elasticity, thereby improving the durability of the apparatus. it can.
[0009]
【Example】
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a cover frame 11 is attached to a rear portion of the tractor 10 by a connecting tool 12. The connecting member 12 includes a pivot plate 12a for pivotally supporting the cover frame 11 at the center of its back, a pair of substantially U-shaped connecting members 12b, 12b welded to the pivot plate 12a, and a rear portion of the tractor 10. The tractor 10 includes a pair of rearwardly extending support members 10a, 10a provided below and a hydraulic cylinder 10b provided above a rear portion of the tractor 10. The rod of the hydraulic cylinder 10b and the supporting members 10a, 10a are pivotally supported on the connecting member 12b by screw means 12c. The cover frame 11 can be raised and lowered with respect to the ground by extending and contracting the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 10b provided on the tractor 10 while the rod and the support members 10a and 10a are pivotally supported. A protruding edge 12e is provided at the upper end of one side of the pivot support plate 12a, and one end of a cylinder 12d for adjusting the horizontal inclination of the cover frame 11 is pivotally supported at the tip of the protruding edge 12e. The other end of the cylinder 12d is pivotally supported by a boss 11a provided substantially at the center of the back of the cover frame 11 so as to be horizontally supported. The horizontal inclination of the cover frame 11 can be adjusted by expanding and contracting the rod of the cylinder 12d.
[0010]
The cover frame 11 is assembled by processing a steel plate and is formed so as to cover the rotating shaft 14. A plate 11b is provided on the upper part of the cover frame 11. A reservoir tank (not shown) that can store oil is provided on the back of the cover frame 11, and an oil filter 11c is provided on the upper surface thereof. Furthermore, the cover frame 11 extends horizontally in the width direction of the tractor, and its length is made larger than the vehicle width of the tractor 10. The base ends of a pair of parallel support arms 13, 13 extending forward and downward, respectively, are fixed to both ends. Both ends of a cylindrical rotating shaft 14 that also extends in the horizontal direction are pivotally supported at the distal ends of the support arms 13. As shown in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4, a plurality of paddles 16 are attached around the rotation shaft 14 so as to be detachably spaced from each other and radially project from the rotation shaft 14. For this purpose, a plurality of mounting pieces 14a are mounted on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 14 by welding at predetermined intervals and slightly inclined radially with respect to the axis, and the paddle 16 is fixed to the mounting pieces 14a with screws 14b. A mounting hole is provided. As shown in detail in FIGS. 5 to 7, the paddle 16 is provided with a pair of insertion holes 16a, 16a at positions near the mounting portion 16d corresponding to the mounting holes provided in the mounting piece 14a. The mounting portion 16d of the paddle 16 is machined corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 14, and the other outer peripheral portion 16b and both side portions 16c, 16c are machined in a sawtooth shape. The paddle 16 is formed by processing a steel plate made of carbon steel, and the sawtooth of both sides 16c, 16c and the outer periphery 16b is formed symmetrically with respect to a line L connecting the center of the mounting portion 16d and the center of the outer periphery 16b. Further, the paddle 16 is formed by bending the sawtooth portions of both sides 16c, 16c so as to be substantially Z-shaped when projected from the outer peripheral portion 16b in the direction of the mounting portion 16d, and both surfaces are mounted on the mounting piece 14a. It is formed for both sides. The rotary shaft 14 in this example is provided with three paddles 16 radially when viewed from the axial direction, and when all the paddles 16 are attached to the rotary shaft 14, the paddles 16 as shown in FIG. The rows A, B and C form a spiral around the rotation axis 14.
[0011]
The rotating shaft 14 is rotated by a driving means. The driving means includes a hydraulic pump 17a driven by a power take-off device of the tractor 10, and a hydraulic motor 17b driven by the hydraulic pump 17a and provided on one support arm 13 on one side. Is done. As shown in FIG. 2, the hydraulic pump 17a is attached to the rear part of the tractor 10, and the power taken out by the power take-out device 10c of the tractor 10 is changed to hydraulic pressure by the hydraulic pump 17a, and this pressure is changed to a hydraulic motor 17b via a tube 17c. Tell The tube 17c is provided as shown in FIG. That is, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 8, the oil stored in a reservoir tank (not shown) provided on the back of the cover frame 11 is conveyed by the hydraulic pump 17a to the hydraulic motor 17b by the power of the power take-out device 10c of the tractor 10. The hydraulic motor 17b is driven by the pressure. The oil after driving passes through the oil filter 11c by the tube 17c and returns to the reservoir tank. As shown in FIG. 3, the hydraulic motor 17b is mounted on one of the support arms 13 coaxially with the rotating shaft 14 by screws 13a, and the rotating shaft 17d of the hydraulic motor 17b and the paddle 16 are mounted as shown in FIG. The rotation shaft 14 is connected via a synthetic rubber coupling 18. In this example, the synthetic rubber coupling 18 is composed of a synthetic rubber 18a sandwiched between the rotating shaft 14 and the shaft center 17d, and four screws 18b for fixing the synthetic rubber 18a.
[0012]
FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the connecting member and the driving means of the present invention. 9, the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 2 of the above embodiment denote the same parts.
As shown in FIG. 9, a cover frame 11 is attached to a rear portion of the tractor 10 by a connecting tool 22. A pivot block 22a is provided on the back of the cover frame 11. A pair of connecting members 22b, 22b are welded to the center of the upper surface of the pivot block 22a, and connecting pieces 22c, 22c are welded to both lower end portions on the rear surface. The connecting member 22 includes the pivot block 22a, a pair of rearwardly extending support members 10a, 10a provided below the rear part of the tractor 10, and a hydraulic cylinder 10b provided above the rear part of the tractor 10. The connecting member 22b supports the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 10b, and the connecting pieces 22c, 22c support the supporting members 10a, 10a. The cover frame 11 can be raised and lowered with respect to the ground by extending and contracting the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 10b provided on the tractor 10 while the rod and the support members 10a and 10a are pivotally supported. A relay shaft 22d for relaying power from the tractor 10 is separately provided on the upper surface of the pivot block 22a, and is covered with a cover. At both ends of the cover frame 11, the base ends of a pair of parallel support arms 23 (only one side is shown in the figure) extending forward and downward are fixed.
[0013]
The first shaft 24 is connected to the power take-out device 10c of the tractor 10 via a universal joint 24a, and the other end of the first shaft 24 is connected to one end of a relay shaft 22d provided on the upper part of the pivot block 22a. . The other end of the relay shaft 22d is connected to the second shaft 26 via a universal joint 26a, and the other end of the second shaft 26 is connected to a first sprocket 23a provided inside the support arm 23 on one side. The support arm 23 is formed in a box shape by sheet metal, has one surface opened, and is configured such that the open surface is covered by a lid 23d. The above-described first sprocket 23a is rotatably provided at one end inside the support arm 23 by the second shaft 26, and the other end pivotally supports one end of the rotating shaft 14. One end of the rotating shaft 14 is pivotally supported via a synthetic rubber coupling 18, and a second sprocket 23 b is provided coaxially with the rotating shaft 14 inside the pivotally supported support arm 23. A chain 23c is wound around the first sprocket 23a and the second sprocket 23b. The rotation shaft 14 is rotated by the rotation of the second sprocket 23b, and the second sprocket 23b is rotated by transmitting the rotation of the first sprocket 23a by the chain 23c. That is, the rotating shaft 14 is configured so that the rotating force of the power take-out device is transmitted by the first and second shafts 24, 26 connected to the power take-out device of the tractor 10 via the universal joints 24a, 26a, and the rotary shaft 14 rotates.
[0014]
The operation of the thus configured organic composting apparatus will be described.
The organic substances are previously piled up in a row, and a predetermined period has passed. When it becomes necessary to agitate to promote fermentation of the organic matter in this state, a composting device is attached to the rear of the tractor 10 via the connection tool 12 or 22. After being mounted, the tractor 10 is moved by retracting the tractor 10 to the end of the row of organic substances stacked in a row by lifting the composting device from the ground surface by a hydraulic cylinder 10b provided on the tractor 10. When the composting device behind the tractor comes to the position facing the row, the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 10b is extended to position the composting device so that its bottom is in contact with the ground surface. At this time, if the apparatus itself is tilted, the apparatus is horizontally adjusted by the cylinder 12d provided at the back of the cover frame 11.
[0015]
In this state, the hydraulic motor 17b or the first and second shafts 24, 26 are driven by the power take-off device 10c of the tractor, and the hydraulic motor 17b or the first and second sprockets 23a, 23b are rotated to rotate the rotary shaft 14 to the paddle 16 To rotate the tractor 10 according to the row of organic substances. That is, in this embodiment, since the composting device is attached to the rear of the tractor 10, the tractor 10 is retracted along the row of organic substances. A plurality of paddles 16 provided on the rotating shaft 14 abut the row of organic substances and pass through the rows to agitate the organic substances. Further, since each paddle 16 is attached to the attachment piece 14a welded to the rotating shaft 14 at a certain angle by the screw 14b, the paddle 16 has the same action as a screw, and the tractor 10 advances each time the organic matter is stirred. Move organic matter to the side. At this time, the saw teeth formed on the outer peripheral portion 16b and the both side portions 16c, 16c of the paddle 16 cut fibrous materials such as straw and weeds in the organic matter, and the substantially Z-shaped inclination provided on both side portions 16c, 16c is reduced. The air mixes as it passes through the organic matter, and this inclination makes it easier for the organic matter to move to the side of the tractor.
[0016]
The vibration or impact generated when the paddle 16 agitates the organic matter is absorbed by the synthetic rubber coupling 18 provided at the connection between the rotary shaft 14 and the hydraulic motor 17b due to its elasticity, and the load is applied to the hydraulic motor 17b or the second sprocket 23b. So that they do n’t.
When the row of organic substances is agitated and transferred to the tractor side, the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 10b provided on the tractor 10 is contracted to raise the composting device from the surface of the ground, and to move to the next row or work. To end.
[0017]
In the above embodiment, three paddles in the cross section of the rotating shaft are radially attached, but two paddles may be radially provided, or four or five paddles may be radially provided.
In the above embodiment, the synthetic rubber coupling is composed of synthetic rubber and four screws. However, a coupling provided with synthetic rubber around the screw or a coupling having another structure may be used.
Further, in the above embodiment, the composting device is mounted behind the tractor, but may be mounted in front of the tractor.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since saw teeth are formed on the outer periphery and both sides of the paddle, straws in organic matter, fibrous materials such as weeds can be cut finely, and if a Z-shaped inclination is provided. Since the paddle mixes more air as it passes through the organic matter, it can be fermented more efficiently as a result. If the driving means is constituted by a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor is provided coaxially with the rotating shaft, the number of parts of consumables can be reduced without using a chain, a sprocket, or the like. Furthermore, if the paddles are formed symmetrically so that both sides can be used, and the rows of the paddles are spirally provided on the rotation axis, it is possible to constantly stir the organic matter with a uniform force, If the paddle is worn out, the paddle may be replaced in the opposite manner, and the durability of the paddle can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tractor to which an organic composting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is attached.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a connecting portion of the device.
FIG. 3 is an oblique view of the device.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line DD of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a paddle used in the device.
FIG. 6 is a front view of the paddle.
FIG. 7 is a side view of the paddle.
FIG. 8 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a driving means used in the organic composting apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a connecting portion according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Tractor 11 Cover frame 12 and 22 Connector 13 and 23 Support arm 14 Rotary shaft 16 Paddle 16b Outer peripheral part 16c Both sides 16d Mounting part 17a Hydraulic pump 17b Hydraulic motor 18 Synthetic rubber coupling 23a, 23b Sprocket 23c Chain 24, 26 Shaft 24a, 26a Universal joint

Claims (3)

トラクタ(10)の前部又は後部に連結具(12,22)を介して前記トラクタ (10) の幅方向に水平に延びて接続されたカバーフレーム(11)と、前記フレーム (11) の両端に設けられた一対の支持アーム (13,13,23) と、前記カバーフレーム(11)により覆われるように前記一対の支持アーム (13,13,23) に両端が枢支された回転軸(14)と、前記回転軸(14)に取外し可能に互いに間隔をあけて前記回転軸(14)から放射状に突出するように取付けられた複数のパドル(16)と、前記回転軸(14)を回転させる駆動手段(17a,17b)とを備えた有機物の堆肥化装置であって、
前記複数のパドル (16) は両側部 (16c,16c) 及び外周部 (16b) がそれぞれ鋸歯状に形成され、
前記複数のパドル (16) は前記両側部 (16c,16c) 及び外周部 (16b) の鋸歯が前記回転軸 (14) に取付けられる取付部 (16d) の中心と前記外周部 (16b) の中心を結ぶ線 (L) に対して対称であってかつ前記外周部 (16b) から前記取付部 (16d) の方向に投影したときに略Ｚ字状に両面兼用にそれぞれ形成され、
前記回転軸(14)の回転により前記複数のパドル(16)が前記回転軸(14)下方の有機物を前記回転軸 (14) の軸心方向である前記トラクタ(10)の側方に移動させるように構成された
ことを特徴とする有機物の堆肥化装置。 A cover frame (11) extending horizontally and connected to the front or rear of the tractor (10) in the width direction of the tractor (10) via a connector (12, 22); and both ends of the frame (11) . A pair of support arms (13, 13, 23), and a rotating shaft ( both ends of which are pivotally supported by the pair of support arms (13, 13, 23) so as to be covered by the cover frame (11). 14), a plurality of paddles (16) removably attached to the rotating shaft (14) and spaced apart from each other so as to project radially from the rotating shaft (14), and the rotating shaft (14). An organic composting device comprising a driving means for rotating (17a, 17b) and
The plurality of paddles (16) have both sides (16c, 16c) and an outer peripheral portion (16b) formed in a sawtooth shape,
Wherein the plurality of paddles (16) are the two side portions (16c, 16c) and the center of the mounting portion which saw teeth attached to the rotary shaft (14) of the outer peripheral portion (16b) around said outer peripheral portion of (16d) (16b) Are formed symmetrically with respect to a line (L) connecting them, and are formed in a substantially Z-shape for both sides when projected from the outer peripheral portion (16b ) in the direction of the mounting portion (16d) , respectively.
Due to the rotation of the rotation shaft (14), the plurality of paddles (16) move the organic matter below the rotation shaft (14 ) to the side of the tractor (10) which is the axial direction of the rotation shaft (14) . composting device organic matter characterized in that it is configured. 駆動手段がトラクタ(10)の動力取出し装置により駆動される油圧ポンプ(17a)と、前記油圧ポンプ(17a)により駆動される油圧モータ(17b)とを備え、
前記油圧モータ(17b)が前記回転軸(14)の一端に合成ゴムカップリング(18)を介して前記回転軸(14)と同軸に結合されかつ一対の支持アーム(13,13)の一方に取付けられた請求項１記載の有機物の堆肥化装置。A driving unit includes a hydraulic pump (17a) driven by a power take-out device of the tractor (10), and a hydraulic motor (17b) driven by the hydraulic pump (17a),
The hydraulic motor (17b) is coaxially coupled to one end of the rotary shaft (14) via a synthetic rubber coupling (18) with the rotary shaft (14), and is connected to one of a pair of support arms (13, 13). The organic composting device according to claim 1, which is attached. 駆動手段がトラクタ(10)の動力取出し装置に自在継手(24a,26a)を介して接続されるシャフト(24,26)と、前記シャフト(24,26)の先端と前記回転軸(14)の一端に設けられ前記シャフト(24,26)の回転をチェーン(23c)を介して前記回転軸(14)を回転させる第１及び第２スプロケット(23a,23b)とを備え、
前記第２スプロケット(23b)が前記回転軸(14)の一端に合成ゴムカップリング(18)を介して前記回転軸(14)と同軸に結合されかつ一対の支持アーム(23,23)の一方に取付けられた請求項１記載の有機物の堆肥化装置。A shaft (24, 26) whose drive means is connected to a power take-off device of the tractor (10) via a universal joint (24a, 26a), and a tip of the shaft (24, 26) and the rotating shaft (14). First and second sprockets (23a, 23b) provided at one end for rotating the shaft (14) via a chain (23c) and rotating the shafts (24, 26),
The second sprocket (23b) is coaxially coupled to one end of the rotating shaft (14) via a synthetic rubber coupling (18) with the rotating shaft (14), and is one of a pair of support arms (23, 23). The organic matter composting device according to claim 1, which is attached to the device.
JP10552694A 1994-05-19 1994-05-19 Organic composting equipment Expired - Fee Related JP3566337B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP10552694A JP3566337B2 (en) 1994-05-19 1994-05-19 Organic composting equipment

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10552694A JP3566337B2 (en) 1994-05-19 1994-05-19 Organic composting equipment

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JPH07315974A JPH07315974A (en) 1995-12-05
JP3566337B2 true JP3566337B2 (en) 2004-09-15

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100847097B1 (en) * 2007-02-09 2008-07-18 차석진 A device spraying a compost for a tracter
KR102095373B1 (en) * 2019-11-15 2020-04-01 농업회사법인 합자회사 와이에치 Compost mixing apparatus
KR102304935B1 (en) * 2021-02-09 2021-09-27 강원도 횡성군 Stirring device for maturing livestock manure for livestock
KR102323517B1 (en) * 2021-02-09 2021-11-09 강원도 횡성군 Composting device through stirring of livestock manure for livestock
KR102324389B1 (en) * 2021-07-16 2021-11-11 강원도 횡성군 Bidirectional transportable disembarkation during excreta stirring and spraying of homework for livestock use.

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