JP3515652B2 - Method for producing porous metal body - Google Patents

Method for producing porous metal body

Info

Publication number
JP3515652B2
JP3515652B2 JP31250395A JP31250395A JP3515652B2 JP 3515652 B2 JP3515652 B2 JP 3515652B2 JP 31250395 A JP31250395 A JP 31250395A JP 31250395 A JP31250395 A JP 31250395A JP 3515652 B2 JP3515652 B2 JP 3515652B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
sheet
electrode
porous metal
foam
metal body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP31250395A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH09153365A (en
Inventor
徹也 西
良雄 岡
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Sumitomo Electric Toyama Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Sumitomo Electric Toyama Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd, Sumitomo Electric Toyama Co Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Priority to JP31250395A priority Critical patent/JP3515652B2/en
Publication of JPH09153365A publication Critical patent/JPH09153365A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3515652B2 publication Critical patent/JP3515652B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/56After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
    • B29C44/5627After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape by mechanical deformation, e.g. crushing, embossing, stretching
    • B29C44/5654Subdividing foamed articles to obtain particular surface properties, e.g. on multiple modules

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 【0001】 【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、電池用電極に用い
られる金属多孔体の製造方法に関する。 【0002】 【従来の技術】従来、電池用電極にはNiの金属多孔体
シートを基板として、これに活物質を充填し、セパレー
タと対極のシートと重ね合わせ、巻回することにより円
筒形の電池がつくられている。この電池の用途は最近特
に携帯用機器の増加に伴い、急激に広まりつつある。 【0003】金属多孔体は、主として樹脂発泡体、樹脂
フェルト、繊維の不織布に導電処理を施し、これをメッ
キすることにより、所定の金属を付着させた後、ばい焼
・還元することで得られる。特に樹脂フェルトは密度が
高すぎ、不織布は繊維の端末をシートの面から立たない
ように注意を払う必要がある。汎用に使われるのは、樹
脂発泡体である。 【0004】樹脂発泡体は主として発泡ポリウレタンが
良く使われるが、発泡化工程での問題から、シート状の
発泡体を直接得ることは難しく、大きなブロックで得ら
れる。このブロックは、樹脂の発泡時に樹脂の自重、粘
性などにより、厚み方向に発泡気孔の大きさが変化す
る。そこで、このブロックからシートを得るには、特開
平3−226969号公報に記載されるように、工夫が
必要になる。 【0005】同公報では、その採取の仕方を、気泡が主
に抜ける方向を軸として渦巻状にピーリングする事を開
示している(図4)。この手法によれば、ピーリングさ
れたシートの幅方向に対して、発泡した気泡の抜け方向
が平行でかつ一定であり、またシートの長さ方向におい
ても気孔の形状、及び大きさにおけるばらつきが少ない
との記載がある。 【0006】 【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、前述のよう
に、樹脂の発泡時には樹脂の自重や粘性から気孔の抜け
方向にも気孔径の分布があり、前記方法によれば、幅方
向にある気孔分布を維持した状態で製品となる。この気
孔分布はメッキ後金属多孔体にしてからもほぼ同じ分布
を示し、したがって、形成された金属多孔体の気孔は均
一でなく、応力集中の原因となる。また、ブロックはほ
ぼ四角の形状をなし、ここから円筒状にピーリングする
ため、コーナー部がロスとなる。 【0007】本発明は、こうした実情の下に、気孔(径
および形状)の分布が長さ方向、幅方向のいずれも均一
で、局部的な応力集中を緩和した金属多孔体の製造方法
を提供することを目的とするものである。 【0008】 【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、鋭意検討し
た結果、樹脂発泡体のブロックからシートの切り出し方
を工夫することにより、実質上気孔分布の均一な金属多
孔体を得ることができることを知見し、本発明に至っ
た。 【0009】すなわち、本発明は、 (1)樹脂発泡体のブロックの長手方向の端末を張り合
わせドーナツ状に、かつ気孔の分布が径方向に現れるよ
うにし、外周もしくは内周からスライス状に所定の厚み
に切り出すことにより得られる樹脂発泡体のシートの表
面を導電化処置した後、メッキを施すことを特徴とする
金属多孔体の製造方法、に関する。 【0010】本発明において使用する樹脂発泡体ブロッ
クには、とくに制限はなく、ポリウレタン、ポリオレフ
ィンなど各種の樹脂が使用でき、また発泡体ブロックの
形成法もとくに制限はない。これらは発泡体の形成時に
その厚み方向に気孔の形状、大きさが変化している。 【0011】本発明においては、この発泡体ブロックの
長手方向の端末同士を、前記の気孔の分布が径方向に
(厚み方向に)現われるように張り合わせてドーナツ状
に形成し(図2)、このドーナツ状発泡体ブロックの外
周もしくは内周からスライス状に切り出すことが重要で
ある。図1〜3は、樹脂発泡シートの形成を模式的に説
明するもので、図中、1は発泡体ブロック、2は押えロ
ーラー、3はカッター、4はガイドローラー、5はロー
ル状樹脂発泡シートを示す。このようにして得られたシ
ートは、気孔の形状、大きさの変化が厚み方向から長さ
方向へ転換され、その変化は顕著に緩和され、幅方向、
長手方向のいずれも実質上均一なものとすることができ
る。とくに電池用電極基板として取り出す大きさでは、
孔の形状はほぼ円形で長さ方向、幅方向のいずれにも分
布のない均一なものが得られる。 【0012】上記のようにしてドーナツ状発泡体から切
り出された発泡体シートは、導電化処理される。樹脂発
泡体を導電処理する手段としては、真空蒸着、化学メッ
キ、導電材料の塗布などできるが、どの方法を用いても
よい。その後に電気メッキを行い所定の量をメッキす
る。その際、シート状であるため、連続処理となるが、
長さ方向にテンションをかけすぎると出来上がった金属
多孔体に方向性が発生するので、テンションがかからぬ
ようにすることが好ましい。たとえば、メッキ前後に同
期ロールを装着する等の手段を講じるのが好ましい。 【0013】上記電気メッキに使用される金属種は、電
極基板に好ましいNi、Cu、Feなどである。 【0014】メッキされた後、発泡体は金属多孔体を形
成するため熱処理される。この熱処理は通常800〜1
100℃で環元性雰囲気下に行われる。この熱処理によ
り樹脂成分は焼失し、金属多孔体が形成される。 【0015】 【発明の実施の形態】 実施例1 図1に示すようなポリウレタン発泡体ブロックを製造し
た。このブロックの端末同士を張り合わせ、気孔の分布
がドーナツ形状の径方向(厚み方向)に現われるように
した。このドーナツから図3に示すように気孔分布のな
いシートを切り出した。 【0016】こうして作製したポリウレタンシート厚み
1.5mm、に導電性カーボンを塗布後、ついで、硫酸
ニッケル400g/l、塩化ニッケル15g/lを主と
するワット浴中で30℃で電流密度150mA/cm2
でニッケル電気メッキする。これを水洗し、700℃の
酸化雰囲気中で支持体を加熱除去し、1000℃の水素
雰囲気中で加熱しニッケルを焼鈍して強度を上げ、目付
け550g/m2のニッケル多孔体を作製した。 【0017】このニッケル金属多孔体に市販の球状水酸
化ニッケル粉末75重量部、コバルト3部、酸化コバル
ト粉末4部の混合物に2重量%のポリビニルアルコール
水溶液を加えてペーストとして加圧充填する。表面を平
滑化し、その後、120℃1時間乾燥し、20cm×2
0cmに切り取り、ポリウレタンシートの幅方向に相当
する方向に沿ってローラープレス機を3回通して厚さ
0.70mmに調整した。この電極をAとする。 【0018】また、上と同様に、ポリウレタンシートの
長さ方向に相当する方向に沿って、ローラープレス機を
通して電極を得た。この電極をBとする。 【0019】なお、発泡体から上記のようにしてシート
を切り出したのでポリウレタンシートのロスはわずか2
%であった。 【0020】比較例1 従来の方法、すなわち、図1に示すようなポリウレタン
発泡体ブロックを図4に示すようにしてポリウレタンシ
ート6を作製した以外は実施例1と同様にニッケル多孔
体を作製したのち、電極を得た。実施例1と同様に、ウ
レタンシートの幅方向に相当する方向に沿ってローラー
プレス機を通して得た電極をD、長さ方向に沿って得た
電極をCとする。 【0021】なお、発泡体から上記のようにしてシート
を切り出した場合、ポリウレタンシートのロスは24%
となった。 【0022】(亀裂評価試験)各100枚の電極A〜D
を、超音波洗浄機を用いて、活物質を取り除いて、顕微
鏡により亀裂の有無を確認した。その結果、電極A、B
の亀裂は無かったが、電極Cには7%、電極Dには4%
の亀裂が生じていた。 【0023】(電池評価試験)得られた電極A〜Dを幅
33mm、長さ180mmに裁断し、リード板をスポッ
ト溶接により取り付けた。活物質の量から計算による公
称容量は2.7Ahである。 【0024】相手極として水素吸蔵合金LaNi5の1
種であるMmNi8.7Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.5を用いた。
これを公知の発泡状ニッケルに充填し、厚さ0.5m
m、幅33mm、長さ220mmに裁断し、リード板を
スポット溶接により取り付けた。また、親水処理したポ
リプロピレン不織布をセパレータとして密閉型ニッケル
水素蓄電池を構成した。電界液として比重1.26の苛
性カリ水溶液に30g/lの水酸化リチウムを溶解して
用いた。 【0025】電池はSubC型とし各10個作製した。
このA〜Dの電池について、化成終了後の各電池を5時
間率で容量の120%定電流充電し、1.2Aで終止電
圧0.9Vまでの条件で放電容量を調べたところ表1の
ようになった。本発明により作製した電極基板を用いた
電極A及び電極Bは容量のバラツキが少なくなる。 【0026】 【表1】 【0027】以上説明したように、本発明の金属多孔体
の製造方法によれば、セル形状が円形に近く、かつ長さ
方向及び幅方向の分布が均一となるので、局部的な応力
集中が緩和されるため局部的な亀裂の発生頻度を低減で
き、とくに電池用電極基板として有用であり、またこれ
を用いて容量バラツキの小さい電池を得ることができ
る。 【0028】更に、本発明の製造方法を用いることによ
り、出発材料であるポリウレタンシートのロスを少なく
することができる。
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a porous metal body used for a battery electrode. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for a battery electrode, a porous metal sheet of Ni is used as a substrate, filled with an active material, overlapped with a separator and a counter electrode sheet, and wound to form a cylindrical electrode. Batteries are being made. The use of this battery is rapidly spreading recently, especially with the increase in portable devices. [0003] A porous metal body is obtained mainly by subjecting a non-woven fabric of a resin foam, a resin felt, or a fiber to a conductive treatment, plating the resulting non-woven fabric, attaching a predetermined metal, and then performing roasting and reduction. . In particular, resin felts have too high a density, and non-woven fabrics require care to prevent fiber ends from standing on the sheet surface. It is a resin foam that is used for general purposes. [0004] Foamed polyurethane is mainly used as the resin foam, but it is difficult to directly obtain a sheet-like foam due to a problem in the foaming step, and it can be obtained in a large block. In this block, the size of the foamed pore changes in the thickness direction due to the self-weight, viscosity, and the like of the resin when the resin is foamed. Therefore, in order to obtain a sheet from this block, a device needs to be devised, as described in JP-A-3-226969. [0005] The publication discloses that the method of sampling is spirally peeled around the direction in which air bubbles mainly escape (Fig. 4). According to this method, the direction in which the foamed bubbles escape is parallel and constant with respect to the width direction of the peeled sheet, and there is little variation in the shape and size of the pores even in the sheet length direction. There is a description. However, as described above, when the resin is foamed, there is a distribution of the pore diameter in the direction in which the pores come out due to the self-weight and viscosity of the resin. A product is obtained in a state where the pore distribution is maintained. This pore distribution shows almost the same distribution even after the metal porous body is formed after plating. Therefore, the pores of the formed metal porous body are not uniform, which causes stress concentration. In addition, the block has a substantially square shape, and since the block is peeled into a cylindrical shape from the block, corner portions are lost. The present invention provides a method for producing a porous metal body in which the distribution of pores (diameter and shape) is uniform in both the length direction and the width direction and local stress concentration is reduced under such circumstances. It is intended to do so. Means for Solving the Problems As a result of diligent studies, the present inventor obtained a metal porous body having a substantially uniform pore distribution by devising a method of cutting a sheet from a resin foam block. The inventors have found that the present invention can be performed, and have reached the present invention. That is, the present invention provides: (1) laminating the terminals of the resin foam block in the longitudinal direction.
The donut shape and the pore distribution appear in the radial direction
And sliced from the outer or inner circumference to a predetermined thickness
Of resin foam sheet obtained by cutting into pieces
After the surface is made conductive, plating is applied.
A method for producing a porous metal body . [0010] The resin foam block used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and various resins such as polyurethane and polyolefin can be used, and the method of forming the foam block is not particularly limited. In these, the shape and size of the pores change in the thickness direction when the foam is formed. In the present invention, the ends of the foam block in the longitudinal direction are bonded together so that the pore distribution appears in the radial direction (in the thickness direction) to form a donut shape (FIG. 2). It is important that the donut-shaped foam block be cut into slices from the outer or inner circumference. 1 to 3 schematically illustrate the formation of a resin foam sheet. In the drawings, 1 is a foam block, 2 is a pressing roller, 3 is a cutter, 4 is a guide roller, and 5 is a roll-shaped resin foam sheet. Is shown. In the sheet thus obtained, the change in the shape and size of the pores is changed from the thickness direction to the length direction, and the change is remarkably reduced, and the width direction,
Both in the longitudinal direction can be substantially uniform. Especially in the size to be taken out as a battery electrode substrate,
The shape of the hole is substantially circular, and a uniform hole having no distribution in either the length direction or the width direction can be obtained. The foam sheet cut out from the donut-shaped foam as described above is subjected to a conductive treatment. Means for conducting the conductive treatment of the resin foam include vacuum deposition, chemical plating, and application of a conductive material, but any method may be used. Thereafter, electroplating is performed to plate a predetermined amount. At that time, since it is in the form of a sheet, it will be a continuous process,
If the tension is applied too much in the length direction, the resulting porous metal body will have directionality, so it is preferable that the tension is not applied. For example, it is preferable to take measures such as mounting a synchronous roll before and after plating. The metal species used for the electroplating are Ni, Cu, Fe and the like which are preferable for the electrode substrate. After plating, the foam is heat treated to form a porous metal body. This heat treatment is usually 800 to 1
The reaction is performed at 100 ° C. under a reducing atmosphere. By this heat treatment, the resin component is burned off and a porous metal body is formed. EXAMPLE 1 A polyurethane foam block as shown in FIG. 1 was produced. The terminals of this block were attached to each other so that the pore distribution appeared in the radial direction (thickness direction) of the donut shape. As shown in FIG. 3, a sheet having no pore distribution was cut out from the donut. After applying conductive carbon to the thus prepared polyurethane sheet having a thickness of 1.5 mm, a current density of 150 mA / cm at 30 ° C. in a watt bath mainly containing 400 g / l of nickel sulfate and 15 g / l of nickel chloride was applied. Two
Electroplate nickel. This was washed with water, and the support was heated and removed in an oxidizing atmosphere at 700 ° C., and was heated in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1000 ° C. to annealed nickel to increase the strength, thereby producing a nickel porous body having a basis weight of 550 g / m 2 . A 2% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol is added to a mixture of 75 parts by weight of a commercially available spherical nickel hydroxide powder, 3 parts of cobalt, and 4 parts of cobalt oxide powder, and the resulting mixture is filled under pressure. The surface was smoothed and then dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour, 20 cm × 2
It was cut to 0 cm and passed through a roller press three times in the direction corresponding to the width direction of the polyurethane sheet to adjust the thickness to 0.70 mm. This electrode is designated as A. Similarly, an electrode was obtained through a roller press along a direction corresponding to the length direction of the polyurethane sheet. This electrode is designated as B. Since the sheet was cut from the foam as described above, the loss of the polyurethane sheet was only 2%.
%Met. Comparative Example 1 A nickel porous body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyurethane sheet 6 was produced from a polyurethane foam block as shown in FIG. After that, an electrode was obtained. As in Example 1, D is an electrode obtained through a roller press along a direction corresponding to the width direction of the urethane sheet, and C is an electrode obtained along the length direction. When the sheet is cut out from the foam as described above, the loss of the polyurethane sheet is 24%.
It became. (Crack evaluation test) 100 electrodes A to D each
Using an ultrasonic washer, the active material was removed, and the presence or absence of cracks was confirmed with a microscope. As a result, electrodes A and B
No cracks, but 7% for electrode C and 4% for electrode D
Crack had occurred. (Battery Evaluation Test) The obtained electrodes A to D were cut into a width of 33 mm and a length of 180 mm, and a lead plate was attached by spot welding. The nominal capacity calculated from the amount of active material is 2.7 Ah. The hydrogen storage alloy LaNi 5 1
The seed MmNi 8.7 Mn 0.4 Al 0.3 Co 0.5 was used.
This is filled in a well-known foamed nickel and has a thickness of 0.5 m.
m, a width of 33 mm, and a length of 220 mm, and a lead plate was attached by spot welding. Further, a sealed nickel-metal hydride storage battery was formed using a hydrophilic non-woven polypropylene nonwoven fabric as a separator. As an electrolytic solution, 30 g / l of lithium hydroxide was dissolved in an aqueous solution of caustic potassium having a specific gravity of 1.26 and used. Each of the batteries was a SubC type battery and 10 batteries were manufactured.
With respect to the batteries A to D, after completion of the formation, each battery was charged at a constant current of 120% of the capacity at a rate of 5 hours, and the discharge capacity was examined at 1.2 A up to a cut-off voltage of 0.9 V. It became so. The electrode A and the electrode B using the electrode substrate manufactured according to the present invention have less variation in capacitance. [Table 1] As described above, the metal porous body of the present invention
According to the manufacturing method, since the cell shape is close to a circle, and the distribution in the length direction and the width direction becomes uniform, local stress concentration is reduced, so that the frequency of occurrence of local cracks can be reduced, In particular, it is useful as an electrode substrate for a battery, and a battery with small capacity variation can be obtained by using this. Further, by using the production method of the present invention, loss of the polyurethane sheet as a starting material can be reduced.

【図面の簡単な説明】 【図1】樹脂発泡体シートを切り出すための発泡体の説
明図。 【図2】図1に示す樹脂発泡体シートの端末同士を、気
孔の分布が径方向(厚み方向)となるようにドーナツ状
に張り合わせた状態の説明図。 【図3】樹脂発泡体シートの切り出し工程の説明図。 【図4】従来の樹脂発泡体シートの切り出し工程の説明
図。
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a foam for cutting out a resin foam sheet. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a state in which terminals of the resin foam sheet shown in FIG. 1 are bonded in a donut shape such that pore distribution is in a radial direction (thickness direction). FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a step of cutting out a resin foam sheet. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a step of cutting out a conventional resin foam sheet.

フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平3−226969(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) H01M 4/64 - 4/84 C25D 7/00 Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-3-226969 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) H01M 4/64-4/84 C25D 7/00

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】樹脂発泡体のブロックの長手方向の端末を
張り合わせドーナツ状に、かつ気孔の分布が径方向に現
れるようにし、外周もしくは内周からスライス状に所定
の厚みに切り出すことにより得られる樹脂発泡体のシー
トの表面を導電化処置した後、メッキを施すことを特徴
とする金属多孔体の製造方法。
(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] The terminal in the longitudinal direction of the resin foam block is
The donut shape and the distribution of pores appear in the radial direction.
To be sliced from the outer or inner circumference
Sheet of resin foam obtained by cutting to the thickness of
It is characterized by applying plating after conducting the surface of the metal
A method for producing a porous metal body.
JP31250395A 1995-11-30 1995-11-30 Method for producing porous metal body Expired - Lifetime JP3515652B2 (en)

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JP31250395A JP3515652B2 (en) 1995-11-30 1995-11-30 Method for producing porous metal body

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JP3515652B2 true JP3515652B2 (en) 2004-04-05

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6383687B1 (en) 1998-06-29 2002-05-07 Stork Screens, B.V. Production of a porous foam product for battery electrodes
JP2007005044A (en) * 2005-06-22 2007-01-11 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd Metallic porous body for battery
US20070051636A1 (en) * 2005-09-07 2007-03-08 Inco Limited Process for producing metal foams having uniform cell structure

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