JP3486585B2 - Method and apparatus for cultivating carnivorous snails - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for cultivating carnivorous snailsInfo
- Publication number
- JP3486585B2 JP3486585B2 JP28643399A JP28643399A JP3486585B2 JP 3486585 B2 JP3486585 B2 JP 3486585B2 JP 28643399 A JP28643399 A JP 28643399A JP 28643399 A JP28643399 A JP 28643399A JP 3486585 B2 JP3486585 B2 JP 3486585B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carnivorous
- parent
- water
- shell
- juveniles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、肉食性巻き貝
類、詳しくは、バイ（俗称「バイ貝」という）を始めと
するエゾバイ科の肉食性巻き貝およびアカニシを始めと
するアクキガイ科の肉食性巻き貝等を養殖する方法、な
らびに、これに用いる装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to carnivorous snails, more particularly carnivorous snails of the family Spermidae including bait (commonly known as "bai shellfish") and carnivorous snails of the mussel family such as Akanishi. The present invention relates to a method for cultivating fish etc. and an apparatus used for the method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】貝類には、肉食性および藻食性の種類が
あることが知られている。具体的には、バイを始めとす
るエゾバイ科の肉食性巻き貝およびアカニシを始めとす
るアクキガイ科の肉食性巻き貝等である。巻き貝類に関
する養殖技術として従来から知られているのは、主に藻
食性貝類についてのものである。2. Description of the Related Art It is known that shellfish include carnivorous and algae-eating types. Specific examples thereof include carnivorous snails belonging to the family Shrimpidae such as bait and carnivorous snails belonging to the family Acrididae such as akanishi. Conventionally known aquaculture techniques for snails are mainly algae-eating shellfish.
【０００３】一方、バイに代表される肉食性巻き貝につ
いての大量養殖技術は、産業的および実用的にいまだ確
立されておらず、従来から試験研究機関、例えば、鳥取
県水産試験場および千葉県水産試験場等において種苗生
産、蓄養、飼育等が試験的に実施されている段階であ
る。On the other hand, the mass-culture technology for carnivorous snails represented by Bai has not yet been established industrially and practically, and has been a testing and research institution such as Tottori Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station and Chiba Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station. Seed production, farming, breeding, etc. are being conducted on a trial basis.
【０００４】以下に、従来試験的に行なわれているバイ
の養殖方法（水槽での掛け流し法）について説明する。
図８〜１０は、その養殖装置を示す図面である。Hereinafter, a method for cultivating a bait (a method of pouring in a water tank), which has been conventionally tested, will be described.
8 to 10 are drawings showing the aquaculture device.
【０００５】まず、親貝の蓄養から説明する。First, the cultivation of parent shellfish will be described.
【０００６】採卵用親貝は、漁獲された天然成貝を使用
する。図８に示すように、採卵用親貝５をＦＲＰ水槽か
らなる親貝蓄養水槽６内に収容し、１回転／時（１hou
r）の換水率およびエアレーションを保って流水式で蓄
養する。エアレーションは、エアストーンを備える給気
装置によって行う（図示せず：図９参照）。４は飼育
水、１０はオーバーフローによる排水口、１７は排水口
１０に設けられた流出防止用ネットである。飼育水温は
自然海水温とし、餌は魚の切り身を親貝の体重の１〜３
％を目安に１日２回与える。[0006] As the parent shellfish for egg collection, a natural adult shellfish that has been caught is used. As shown in FIG. 8, the egg-collecting parent shellfish 5 is housed in the parent shellfish culture water tank 6 composed of an FRP water tank, and one rotation / hour (1 hou
Keep the water exchange rate and aeration of r) and cultivate with running water. The aeration is performed by an air supply device equipped with an air stone (not shown: see FIG. 9). Reference numeral 4 is breeding water, 10 is a drainage port due to overflow, and 17 is an outflow prevention net provided in the drainage port 10. The breeding water temperature is the natural seawater temperature, and the feed is fish fillets of 1 to 3 times the weight of the parent shellfish.
Give 2 times a day as a guide.
【０００７】次に、産卵および採卵について説明する。Next, spawning and egg collection will be described.
【０００８】産卵期に、塩化ビニール製パイプ、塩化ビ
ニール製波板や石綿製角型スレートの単体（いずれも長
さ５０ｃｍ程度）を、採卵用基質として親貝産卵用の蓄
養水槽６内に配置し、自然産卵によって卵嚢が付着した
基質を定期的（最長１週間以内）に取り出し、卵嚢を剥
ぎ取って採卵する。During the spawning season, a vinyl chloride pipe, a vinyl chloride corrugated sheet, and an asbestos square slate (each about 50 cm in length) are placed in the culture water tank 6 for spawning as a substrate for egg production. Then, the substrate to which the egg sac is attached by natural spawning is regularly taken out (within a maximum of one week), the egg sac is peeled off, and eggs are collected.
【０００９】次に、孵化について説明する。Next, hatching will be described.
【００１０】図９に示すように、採卵された卵嚢は、孵
化水槽（ＦＲＰ水槽）８内の上部に設けられた目合１．
０ｍｍのネットによって構成された孵化用網籠７に収容
し、止水、または、３回転／日（１day）程度までの緩
い換水、および、緩いエアレーションを施して、孵化ま
で２０日程度の前記緩い流水式飼育で静置する。１３は
給気用エアーストーンである。孵化水槽８からのオーバ
ーフローに際し、目合０．５ｍｍ浮遊幼生流出防止用ネ
ット（ミュラーガーゼ）１５を排水口１０に取り付け、
孵化した浮遊幼生が流出しないように配慮する。As shown in FIG. 9, the egg sac that has been collected has a mesh 1. mesh provided in an upper portion of a hatching water tank (FRP water tank) 8.
It is housed in a hatching net basket 7 made up of a 0 mm net, and water is stopped, or a gentle replacement of water is performed up to about 3 revolutions / day (1 day), and aeration is applied, and the looseness is about 20 days until hatching. Let it stand in running water. 13 is an air stone for air supply. At the time of overflow from the hatching water tank 8, a mesh for preventing floating larvae outflow (Muller gauze) 15 with a mesh size of 0.5 mm is attached to the drainage port 10,
Care should be taken to prevent the hatching floating larvae from flowing out.
【００１１】次に、稚貝の蓄養を説明する。Next, the cultivation of juveniles will be described.
【００１２】図１０に示すように、浮遊期を経て幼生の
着底を確認後、孵化して卵嚢から出た幼生を孵化用網籠
７から種苗蓄養水槽（ＦＲＰ水槽）９に移す。孵化して
卵嚢から出た幼生は、無給餌の緩い換水および緩いエア
レーションの流水式飼育条件下で、幼生が流出しないよ
うに排水口１０に目合０．５ｍｍのネット（ミュラーガ
ーゼ）１６を取付けた種苗蓄養水槽９内に１週間程度置
き、着底稚貝１４となり次第給餌蓄養を開始する。飼育
水温は自然海水温である。As shown in FIG. 10, after confirming the bottom of the larvae after the floating period, the larvae that have hatched and emerged from the egg sac are transferred from the hatching net cage 7 to the seedling cultivation water tank (FRP water tank) 9. The larvae that hatched and came out of the egg sac were fitted with a net (Muller gauze) 16 with a mesh size of 0.5 mm at the drainage port 10 so that the larvae would not flow out under the conditions of running water-free feeding with loose feed water and loose aeration. It is placed in the seed and seedling water tank 9 for about one week, and the feeding and cultivation is started as soon as the bottom larvae 14 are reached. The breeding water temperature is the natural seawater temperature.
【００１３】着底後は給餌も始まる関係から、および、
水質悪化を防ぐ意味からも、注水量を１回転／時程度に
増量し、エアレーションを充分に施すとともに、給餌前
にはホース式サイフォン１１（飼育水交換装置）を用い
て残餌の除去等底掃除を行う。サイフォン１１で飼育水
ごと吸い出し、サイフォンの排水はザル１２（漉し器）
で受けて、残餌のみ分別し、残餌とともに種苗が流失す
ることを防ぐ。サイフォンによる掃除の際、注水および
エアレーションは停止する。掃除および給餌が終了した
後に、注水およびエアレーションを再開する。[0013] After the landing, the feeding also starts, and
In order to prevent deterioration of water quality, increase the amount of water injection to about 1 turn / hour, perform aeration sufficiently, and use a hose type siphon 11 (feeding water exchange device) to remove residual food etc. before feeding. Do the cleaning. The siphon 11 sucks out all the breeding water, and the siphon drainage is a colander 12 (strainer).
In order to prevent the seeds and seedlings from being washed away with the leftover food, only the leftover food is separated. Irrigation and aeration cease during siphon cleaning. After cleaning and feeding, restart watering and aeration.
【００１４】給餌開始時に与えるアミエビはミンチ状に
細かくしこれを１０日間程度、その後は、ミンチ状アミ
エビおよびザク切り状アミエビを混ぜ、これを５日間程
度与え、以後、徐々にザク切りの比率を高めていく。給
餌開始日から５０日目頃にはエビを切り刻まず丸ごと与
えて、その後、成長に伴ない徐々に餌を魚の切り身に移
行して行き、親貝の蓄養と同様の蓄養内容とする。１才
以上の稚貝になれば親貝と同じ給餌とする。いずれの餌
の場合も、給餌回数は基本的に１日２回とする。[0014] Ami shrimp to be given at the start of feeding are minced into fine pieces, and this is mined for about 10 days. After that, minced shrimp and chopped shrimp are mixed and given for about 5 days. To raise. Approximately 50 days after the start of feeding, shrimp are not chopped and given whole, and then the feed is gradually transferred to the fish fillet as it grows, and the content of farming is similar to that of parent shellfish. Feeding the same age as the parent oysters if younger than 1 year old. For any food, the number of feedings is basically twice a day.
【００１５】稚貝の収容密度は、殻高３ｍｍ程度の個体
で１万個／ｍ2、殻高１５ｍｍ程度の個体で５０００個
／ｍ2、殻高３０ｍｍ程度の個体で３５００個／ｍ2を目
安とする。The storage density of juveniles is 10,000 / m 2 for individuals with a shell height of about 3 mm, 5000 / m 2 for individuals with a shell height of about 15 mm, and 3500 / m 2 for individuals with a shell height of about 30 mm. Use as a guide.
【００１６】夏季の高水温期には自然海水温で、冬季の
低水温期には、ボイラを用いた熱交換によって加温して
１６〜１７℃を保持し、飼育水の水温低下を抑制して成
長が停滞しないようにする。During the high water temperature period of summer, the natural seawater temperature is maintained, and during the low water temperature period of winter, the temperature is kept at 16 to 17 ° C. by heat exchange using a boiler to suppress the decrease in the water temperature of the breeding water. So that growth does not stagnate.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述した従来の方法で
は、夏季の高水温期の水質悪化だけでなく、冬季に飼育
水に適した加温の効果を維持しつつ、飼育水の交換が滞
らない限界のところで流水飼育を行っている。その為
に、残餌およびバイの***により飼育環境が悪化する危
険が常に存在した。According to the above-mentioned conventional method, not only the water quality deteriorates in the high water temperature period of summer, but also the exchange of breeding water is delayed while maintaining the effect of heating suitable for breeding water in winter. They are kept in running water at the limit. Therefore, there was always a risk that the rearing environment would be deteriorated due to excretion of residual food and food.
【００１８】バイの食性が前述の通り肉食性で、飼料と
して鮮魚、冷凍魚の切り身およびアミエビ等を与える為
に、上述したような従来の単純な流水式（掛け流し式）
の蓄養水槽では、残餌および***物（以下、「残餌等」
という）が停滞している場所とバイの生息場所とがどち
らも水槽の底で同一場所となり、残餌等とバイ飼育環境
との分離が難しく、残餌等による水質悪化の影響を直接
受けることとなる。そのため、日常の飼育管理において
は、水質悪化による飼育環境への負荷、悪影響を極力少
なくするため、残餌等の処理に細心の注意が必要であ
り、給餌後、残餌等を取り除くため、水槽の底の掃除を
頻繁に実施することが必要である。更に、換水量の調節
も頻繁に求められる。このような飼育環境管理は、人手
のみの管理では多大な労力が必要である。そして、この
ような飼育管理が不充分であれば、即座に斃死が起こ
り、生残率の低下の原因となる。斃死しない程度の環境
悪化であっても成長の低下が見られる。The eating habit of the bait is carnivorous as described above, and in order to provide fresh fish, frozen fish fillets and Ami shrimp as feed, the conventional simple running water system (overflow system) as described above.
In the farm water tank, the remaining food and excrement (hereinafter referred to as "remaining food, etc."
That is, the place where the food is stagnant and the habitat of the bait are both the same place at the bottom of the aquarium, and it is difficult to separate the leftover food from the environment for rearing the bait, and the leftover food etc. directly affects the water quality. Becomes Therefore, in daily breeding management, in order to minimize the impact on the breeding environment due to deterioration of water quality and adverse effects, it is necessary to pay close attention to the treatment of residual food, etc. It is necessary to frequently clean the bottom of the. Further, it is frequently required to adjust the amount of exchanged water. This kind of breeding environment management requires a great deal of labor if it is managed manually. If such breeding management is insufficient, death will occur immediately, which will cause a decrease in the survival rate. Even if the environment does not die, the growth will decrease.
【００１９】上記の問題が起こるのは、肉食性貝類の飼
育において魚肉やアミエビ等を飼料として与えことによ
る残餌や飼料からの溶出および***物等による水質の悪
化に対する工夫がなされていないためである。The above-mentioned problems occur because no measures have been taken against the deterioration of water quality due to leftover feed, elution from feed, excrement, etc. by feeding fish meat, Ami shrimp, etc. as feed in breeding carnivorous shellfish. is there.
【００２０】従って、この発明の目的は、上述の問題点
を解決し、充分な成長を遂げた品質の良好な肉食性巻き
貝を、生残率を低下させることなく、従来よりも簡便な
管理労力によって得ることができる、肉食性巻き貝の養
殖方法および装置を提供することにある。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to carry out sufficient management labor of a carnivorous snail of good quality that has achieved sufficient growth, without lowering the survival rate. It is intended to provide a method and an apparatus for cultivating carnivorous snails that can be obtained by.
【００２１】[0021]
【課題を解決するための手段】請求項１記載の肉食性巻
き貝の養殖方法は、種苗蓄養水槽内の上部に、稚貝が落
下しない網目を有する稚貝用網籠を設け、前記稚貝用網
籠内に肉食性巻き貝の親貝の産卵により卵嚢が付着した
基質を配置し、孵化した稚貝を前記稚貝用網籠内で蓄養
することに特徴を有するものである。The method for cultivating carnivorous snails according to claim 1, wherein a net cage for fry shells having a mesh for preventing fry shells from falling is provided in the upper part of the seedling water tank. It is characterized in that a substrate to which an egg sac is attached by laying a parent shell of carnivorous snails is placed in a net cage, and the hatched juveniles are cultivated in the juvenile net cage.
【００２２】請求項２記載の方法は、親貝蓄養水槽内の
上部に、親貝が落下しない網目を有する親貝用網籠を設
け、および、種苗蓄養水槽内の上部に、稚貝が落下しな
い網目を有する稚貝用網籠を設け、前記親貝用網籠に肉
食性巻き貝の親貝を収容し、前記親貝用網籠に基質を配
置して親貝に産卵せしめ、卵嚢が付着した前記基質を前
記親貝用網籠から前記稚貝用網籠内に移し、孵化した稚
貝を前記稚貝用網籠内で蓄養することに特徴を有するも
のである。According to the method of claim 2, a net shell for parent shells having a mesh that prevents the parent shells from falling is provided in the upper part of the parent shell water storage tank, and juvenile shells are dropped in the upper part of the seedling water storage tank. A net cage for juvenile shells having a mesh is provided, a parent shell of carnivorous conch is housed in the parent shell net cage, a substrate is placed in the parent shell net cage, and the parent shell is allowed to lay eggs, and an egg sac is attached. The above substrate is transferred from the parent shell net basket to the juvenile net basket, and the hatched juveniles are cultivated in the juvenile net basket.
【００２３】請求項３記載の方法は、稚貝の成長に応じ
て前記稚貝用網籠を交換して前記稚貝が落下しない限度
で網目を拡大して行くことに特徴を有するものである。The method according to claim 3 is characterized in that the net cage for the juveniles is replaced according to the growth of the juveniles to expand the meshes to the extent that the juveniles do not fall. .
【００２４】請求項４記載の方法は、稚貝蓄養中に前記
種苗蓄養水槽内の底部の飼育水を所定期間毎に交換する
とともに空気供給を行うことに特徴を有するものであ
る。The method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, during the juvenile cultivation, the breeding water at the bottom of the seedling cultivation water tank is exchanged at predetermined intervals and air is supplied.
【００２５】請求項５記載の方法は、前記肉食性巻き貝
は、エゾバイ科の肉食性巻き貝またはアクキガイ科の肉
食性巻き貝であることに特徴を有するものである。The method according to claim 5 is characterized in that the carnivorous snail is a carnivorous snail of the Ezobai family or a carnivorous snail of the Mussel family.
【００２６】請求項６記載の肉食性巻き貝の養殖装置
は、親貝蓄養水槽と、前記親貝蓄養水槽内の上部に設け
られた、親貝および基質を収容するための、親貝が落下
しない網目を有する親貝用網籠と、種苗蓄養水槽と、前
記種苗蓄養水槽内の上部に設けられた、親貝の産卵によ
り卵嚢が付着した基質を収容し種苗を蓄養するための、
稚貝が落下しない網目を有する稚貝用網籠とを備えるこ
とに特徴を有するものである。In the carnivorous conch aquaculture apparatus according to the present invention, the parent shellfish water storage tank and the parent shellfish for accommodating the parent shellfish and the substrate provided in the upper portion of the parent shellfish water storage tank do not fall. A net basket for parent shellfish having a mesh, a seedling water tank, and an upper part of the seedwater tank, for accommodating a substrate to which an egg sac is attached by spawning of a parent shellfish for stocking seedlings,
The present invention is characterized in that it is provided with a net cage for juveniles that has a mesh that prevents juveniles from falling.
【００２７】請求項７記載の装置は、前記稚貝用網籠
は、稚貝の成長に応じて前記稚貝が落下しない限度で網
目を拡大するために交換可能となっていることに特徴を
有するものである。The apparatus according to claim 7 is characterized in that the net cage for fry shells is replaceable in order to expand the mesh as long as the fry shells do not drop as the fry shells grow. I have.
【００２８】請求項８記載の装置は、前記種苗蓄養水槽
は、前記種苗蓄養水槽内の底部の飼育水を所定期間毎に
交換する飼育水交換装置および給気装置を備えることに
特徴を有するものである。The apparatus according to claim 8 is characterized in that the seedling water tank comprises a breeding water exchange device and an air supply device for exchanging the breeding water at the bottom of the seedwater storage water tank at predetermined intervals. Is.
【００２９】請求項９記載の装置は、前記肉食性巻き貝
は、エゾバイ科の肉食性巻き貝またはアクキガイ科の肉
食性巻き貝であることに特徴を有するものである。An apparatus according to a ninth aspect is characterized in that the carnivorous snail is a carnivorous snail of the Ezobidae family or a carnivorous conch of the Mussel family.
【００３０】我々は、上述の課題を解決するために鋭意
研究を重ねた。その結果、バイ等の肉食性巻き貝の種苗
生産、蓄養、稚貝飼育の経験から、蓄養水槽内で、残餌
および***物による水質悪化部位と種苗蓄養部位とを極
力分離することが重要と考え、孵化以後の種苗の蓄養に
網籠を用いた養殖を導入することにより、残餌等と種苗
との分離を図ることができ、蓄養環境が良化することを
知見した。この発明は、上記知見に基づいてなされたも
のである。We have conducted extensive studies to solve the above problems. As a result, from the experience of seedling production, farming, and juvenile breeding of carnivorous snails such as bait, it is considered important to separate as much as possible the seedling farming site and the water quality deterioration site due to residual food and excrement in the farming water tank. It was found that by introducing aquaculture using net cages for the cultivation of seedlings after hatching, it is possible to separate the residual feed and the seedlings and improve the cultivation environment. This invention was made based on the above findings.
【００３１】上記に述べたように、従来は、幼生の着底
後孵化用網籠から出して種苗蓄養水槽に移し水槽の底で
種苗（稚貝）を蓄養していたが、蓄養は生餌を与える飼
育であるため水槽内の水質が悪化し、種苗蓄養水槽内の
底部の飼育水を定期的に交換しても種苗の生残率が落ち
る。本発明は、種苗蓄養水槽の上部に設けた稚貝用網籠
によって稚貝の飼育を行うことにより、稚貝は残餌等の
停滞する水槽の底の部分と分離されるので成長が良好と
なり生残率を上げることができる。稚貝が成長するに従
い殻高および餌、***物が大きくなるので、成長に応じ
て稚貝用網籠を交換して、稚貝が落下しない限度で網目
を拡大し、残餌および***物が落下し易くする。As described above, conventionally, after the larvae have bottomed out, they were taken out from the hatching net basket and transferred to the seedling cultivation water tank to cultivate seedlings (larvae) at the bottom of the water tank. The water quality in the aquarium deteriorates due to the feeding, and the survival rate of the seedlings drops even if the breeding water at the bottom of the seed culture tank is regularly replaced. The present invention, by breeding juveniles by a juvenile net cage provided at the top of the seedling water tank, the juveniles are separated from the stagnant bottom of the aquarium such as leftover feed, resulting in good growth. The survival rate can be increased. As the larva grows, the shell height, food and excrement increase, so change the net cage for the larva according to the growth and expand the mesh to the extent that the larva does not fall, and leave the residual food and excrement. Make it easy to fall.
【００３２】使用する網籠は小割り式籠とし、小割り式
籠の単体は、ステンレス製の枠材と樹脂製のネットで構
成するとよい。It is preferable that the net basket used is a small split basket, and the single small split basket is composed of a stainless steel frame material and a resin net.
【００３３】小割り式籠の単体を、種苗生産、蓄養およ
び養殖に使用するＦＲＰ水槽の大きさおよび水槽数に応
じて必要数用意して、一連の作業に用いる。A required number of small split baskets are prepared according to the size and number of FRP water tanks used for seedling production, cultivation and aquaculture, and used for a series of operations.
【００３４】まず、採卵用親貝（漁獲された天然成貝）
を雌雄比１：１の割合でＦＲＰ水槽内に設置した小割り
式籠に収容し、１回転／時（１hour）の換水率の流水式
飼育を保つと共に、エアレーションを充分に施して蓄養
する。First, the parent shellfish for egg collection (natural adult shellfish caught)
Are housed in a split-type basket installed in the FRP water tank at a ratio of 1: 1 of male and female, and the running water breeding with a water exchange rate of 1 rotation / hour (1 hour) is maintained, and aeration is sufficiently performed for cultivation.
【００３５】飼育水温は自然海水温、餌は魚の切り身を
体重の１〜３％を目安に１日２回与える。The breeding water temperature is the natural seawater temperature, and the feed is fish fillets twice a day with 1 to 3% of the body weight as a guide.
【００３６】産卵期に塩化ビニール製パイプ（直径２５
０ｍｍ位）を半円形にしたもの、または、石綿製山型ス
レート（１辺１２０〜１３０ｍｍ）単体（共に長さ３０
ｃｍ位）を採卵基質として蓄養水槽内に設置して、ボイ
ラを熱源とする熱交換による加温を施した砂濾過海水
（水温２４〜２５℃）で産卵を誘発させ、卵嚢が付着し
た基質を定期的（最長１週間）に回収および交換する。Vinyl chloride pipe (diameter 25
A semi-circular shape of 0 mm) or a mountain slate made of asbestos (120 to 130 mm on each side) (both length 30)
(cm) is installed in the water tank as an egg collection substrate, and the egg-laying is induced by sand-filtered seawater (water temperature 24 to 25 ° C) that is heated by heat exchange using the boiler as a heat source, and the substrate to which the egg sac adheres is removed. Collect and replace regularly (up to 1 week).
【００３７】回収した採卵基質は、ＦＲＰ水槽内に設置
した小割り式籠に目合０．５ｍｍのネットで出来た網籠
を更に併せたものに収容して、３回転／日程度の緩い換
水をシャワー式で行うと同時に緩いエアレーションを施
して、浮遊幼生の卵嚢からの孵出までボイラを熱源する
熱交換による加温を施した砂濾過海水（水温２４〜２５
℃）を用いた緩い流水式飼育で、積算温度に換算して３
９０日℃を基準に静置する。The collected egg-collecting substrate was housed in a small-divided basket installed in the FRP water tank and a net basket made of a net having a mesh size of 0.5 mm. The sand filtration seawater (water temperature 24 to 25) which is heated by heat exchange that heats the boiler from the egg sacs of floating larvae to hatching
(3) in a gentle running-water-type breeding system that uses 3)
Let stand at 90 ° C for 90 days.
【００３８】孵化した幼生は、無給餌の緩い換水（３回
転／日程度）および緩いエアレーションの流水式飼育条
件下で１週間程度置き、着底稚貝となり次第給餌飼育を
開始する。The hatched larvae are left for about one week under running-fed breeding conditions of non-feeding, gently changing water (about 3 revolutions / day) and loose aeration, and feeding and feeding are started as soon as the larvae have settled.
【００３９】着底後は給餌が始まる為に、水質悪化を防
ぐ意味で注水量を１回転／時程度に増量し、エアレーシ
ョンを充分に施すと共に、給餌前にはサイフォンを用い
て残餌および***物の除去のために底掃除を行う。Since feeding starts after landing, the amount of water injection is increased to about 1 rotation / hour to prevent deterioration of water quality, aeration is sufficiently performed, and siphon is used to feed and excrete residual feed before feeding. Clean the bottom to remove things.
【００４０】この際、給水およびエアレーションは止め
て行う。At this time, water supply and aeration are stopped.
【００４１】底掃除のサイフォンの排水は漉し器で受け
て、残餌および***物と共に種苗が流失することを防
ぐ。The drainage of the siphon for cleaning the bottom is received by a strainer to prevent the seedlings from being washed away together with the residual food and excrement.
【００４２】掃除および給餌が終了した後に、注水およ
びエアレーションを再開する。After cleaning and feeding are completed, water injection and aeration are restarted.
【００４３】給餌開始時に与えるアミエビはミンチ状に
細かくして１０日間程度、その後ミンチ状アミエビとザ
ク切り状アミエビを混ぜて５日間程度とし、徐々にザク
切り状アミエビの比率を高めて行き、５０日目頃にはエ
ビを切り刻まず丸で与える。Ami shrimp to be given at the start of feeding are minced into fine pieces for about 10 days, and then minced ami shrimp and zaku shredded shrimp are mixed for about 5 days to gradually increase the ratio of zaku shredded shrimp. Around the day, shrimp are not chopped and given as a circle.
【００４４】その後、成長に伴い徐々に餌を魚の切り身
に移行して行き、親貝の蓄養と同様の飼育内容とする。After that, the food is gradually transferred to the fish fillet as it grows, and the breeding contents are the same as the breeding of the parent shellfish.
【００４５】いずれの餌の場合も、給餌回数は基本的に
１日２回とする。In any case, the number of feedings is basically twice a day.
【００４６】殻高２０ｍｍ程度に成長した時点で目合
０．５ｍｍの網籠部分を外して、小割り式籠単体を単独
で用いた蓄養、養殖に移行する。When the shell height has grown to about 20 mm, the net cage having a mesh size of 0.5 mm is removed, and the cultivation and aquaculture are carried out by using the split type cage alone.
【００４７】蓄養親貝および殻高２０ｍｍ以上の種苗
は、従来方式と同等の収容密度３０ｋｇ／ｍ2（殻高５
０ｍｍの親貝で１０００個／ｍ2、殻高４０ｍｍ程度の
個体で２０００個／ｍ2、殻高２０ｍｍ程度の個体でも
４０００個／ｍ2）を限度として収容する。For the parent shellfish and the seedlings with a shell height of 20 mm or more, the storage density of 30 kg / m 2 (shell height of 5
A maximum of 1000 pieces / m 2 for 0 mm parent shells, 2000 pieces / m 2 for individuals with a shell height of about 40 mm, and 4000 pieces / m 2 for individuals with a shell height of about 20 mm are stored.
【００４８】種苗が成長すると共に、種苗のサイズ（殻
高）が均一なるように間引きおよび分槽を行い、それに
応じて小割り式籠単体数を増やして行く。As seedlings grow, the thinning and dividing tanks are performed so that the seedlings have a uniform size (shell height), and the number of small split cages is increased accordingly.
【００４９】小割り式籠単体による蓄養および養殖の際
は、毎給餌前に注水およびエアレーションを止め単体を
水槽から取り出して、水槽底をサイフォンを用いて清掃
し、残餌および***物を除去する。In the case of farming and aquaculture with a small-sized split basket alone, water injection and aeration are stopped before each feeding, the single body is taken out of the water tank, and the bottom of the water tank is cleaned using a siphon to remove residual food and excrement. .
【００５０】底掃除終了後、単体をＦＲＰ水槽内に戻し
て給餌を行い、注水およびエアレーションを再開する。After the bottom cleaning is completed, the unit is returned to the FRP water tank for feeding, and water injection and aeration are restarted.
【００５１】着底以降の飼育、蓄養および養殖は、ボイ
ラを熱源とする熱交換による加温を施した砂濾過海水
（水温２３〜２４℃）を、単独または自然水温の砂濾過
海水と混合して用いることとして、冬季の低水温期も飼
育海水の水温低下を抑制（水温１６〜１７℃）して成長
の停滞を抑える。For breeding, farming, and aquaculture after the bottom of the soil, the sand-filtered seawater (water temperature 23 to 24 ° C.) that has been heated by heat exchange using the boiler as a heat source is used alone or mixed with sand-filtered seawater having a natural water temperature. It is also used for suppressing the stagnation of growth by suppressing a decrease in the water temperature of breeding seawater (water temperature 16 to 17 ° C.) even in the low water temperature period of winter.
【００５２】[0052]
【発明の実施の形態】次に、この発明の実施の形態を図
面を参照しながら説明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
【００５３】図１は、この発明の実施の形態に係る稚貝
用網籠を有するバイの蓄養水槽を示す平面図、図２は側
面断面図である。FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a bai farm water tank having a juvenile shell net basket according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side sectional view.
【００５４】種苗蓄養水槽１はＦＲＰ水槽からなってい
る。網籠は小割り式の網籠（以下、「小割り式籠」とい
う）２からなっている。小割り式籠２は、蓄養水槽１内
の上部に、吊具３により吊られて取り外し容易に設けら
れている。使用する小割り式籠２は、ステンレス製の枠
材２ａと目合１．０ｍｍの樹脂製のネット２ｂとによっ
て構成されている。小割り式籠２の単体を、種苗生産、
蓄養および飼育に使用する蓄養水槽１の大きさおよび水
槽数に応じて必要数用意し、一連の作業に用いる。The seedling water tank 1 is an FRP water tank. The net basket is composed of small split net baskets (hereinafter referred to as "small split baskets") 2. The small split type basket 2 is provided above the inside of the water storage tank 1 by being suspended by the suspenders 3 so as to be easily removed. The small split basket 2 used is composed of a stainless steel frame member 2a and a resin net 2b having a mesh of 1.0 mm. Seed production from the small split basket 2
Prepare a necessary number according to the size and the number of water tanks 1 used for farming and breeding, and use them for a series of operations.
【００５５】まず、ＦＲＰ水槽からなる親貝蓄養水槽内
の上部に親貝用網籠を設ける。親貝蓄養水槽は、種苗蓄
養水槽１とは別の水槽である。採卵用親貝（漁獲された
天然成貝）を親貝用網籠（小割り式籠２と目合が同規格
のものでよい）内に収容し、１回転／時の換水率と給気
装置によるエアレーションを保って流水式で蓄養する。
飼育水温は自然海水温とし、餌は魚の切り身を親貝の体
重の１〜３％を目安に１日２回与える。First, a net shell for a parent shell is provided in the upper portion of the parent shell water storage tank which is an FRP water tank. The parent shellfish water storage tank is a water tank different from the seed and seedling water storage tank 1. The egg-collecting shellfish (caught natural adult shellfish) is housed in the shellfish net cage (the same size as the small split cage 2 may be of the same standard), and the water exchange rate per revolution and air supply It keeps aeration by the device and cultivates by running water.
The breeding water temperature is the natural seawater temperature, and the feed is fish fillets twice a day with 1 to 3% of the weight of the parent shellfish as a guide.
【００５６】産卵期に塩化ビニール製パイプを半円形に
したものまたは石綿製山型スレートの単体（ともに長さ
３０ｃｍ程度）を、採卵用基質として親貝を収容した親
貝用網籠内に配置し、ボイラを熱源とする熱交換によっ
て飼育水を加温し（２４〜２５℃）、産卵を誘発する。
そして、卵嚢が付着した基質を定期的（原則として週１
回、最長１週間以内）に回収し、新しい基質と交換す
る。なお、親貝の蓄養および基質による産卵は、従来の
技術で述べたように蓄養水槽で行ってもよい。During the spawning period, a vinyl chloride pipe with a semicircular shape or a single piece of asbestos mountain slate (both having a length of about 30 cm) is placed in a net shell for a parent shell containing parent shells as a substrate for egg collection. Then, the breeding water is heated by heat exchange using the boiler as a heat source (24 to 25 ° C.) to induce spawning.
Then, the substrate to which the egg sac is attached is regularly (in principle, once a week).
Once, within a week) and replace with new substrate. The stocking of the parent shellfish and the spawning by the substrate may be performed in a stocking water tank as described in the conventional art.
【００５７】この時期には、種苗蓄養水槽１内の小割り
式籠２に目合０．５ｍｍのネット（ミューラーガーゼ）
からなる網籠（図示せず）を更に重ね合せて二重にして
おく（以下、「小割り式籠（二重）」という）。親貝用
網籠から回収した卵嚢が付着している基質を、この小割
り式籠２（二重）に収容する。そして、３回転／日程度
の緩い換水をシャワー式によって行い、同時に緩いエア
レーションを施し、浮遊幼生が卵嚢から孵出するまでボ
イラを熱源とする熱交換による加温海水（２４〜２５
℃）を用いた緩い流水式飼育で、積算温度に換算して３
９０日℃を基準に静置する。At this time, a net with a mesh of 0.5 mm (mueller gauze) was placed in the small basket 2 in the seedling water tank 1.
A net basket (not shown) consisting of is further stacked to make a double layer (hereinafter, referred to as a “small split type basket (double layer)”). The substrate to which the egg sac collected from the net cage for parent shells is attached is housed in this small split cage 2 (double). Then, about 3 revolutions / day of gentle water exchange is performed by a shower method, and at the same time, a slow aeration is applied, and warm seawater (24 to 25
(3) in a gentle running-water-type breeding system that uses 3)
Let stand at 90 ° C for 90 days.
【００５８】孵化した浮遊幼生は、無給餌の緩い換水、
且つ、緩いエアレーションの流水式飼育条件下で１週間
程度置き、着底稚貝となり次第、給餌飼育を開始する。
小割り式籠２（二重）内に給餌された餌の残餌および稚
貝の***物は籠の目合から種苗蓄養水槽１の底に落下す
る。The hatched floating larvae were fed with loose fed water,
In addition, it is left for about one week under running aeration-type breeding conditions with gentle aeration, and feeding breeding is started as soon as the larvae on the bottom are laid.
The remaining bait and the excrement of juveniles fed into the small-sized cage 2 (double) fall to the bottom of the seedling water tank 1 from the mesh of the cage.
【００５９】稚貝が小割り式籠２（二重）に着底後は、
給餌が始まる関係から、水質悪化を防ぐ意味で注水量を
１回転／時程度に増量し、エアレーションを充分に施す
とともに、給餌前にはサイフォン（飼育水交換装置）
（図１０参照）を用いて種苗蓄養水槽１の底部の飼育水
を吸い出して掃除を実施し水槽１の底にある残餌および
***物を除去する。このような水槽底の掃除をサイフォ
ンによって実施するときは、注水およびエアレーション
は停止する。掃除および給餌が終了した後に、注水およ
びエアレーションを再開する。After the juveniles have landed on the small split type basket 2 (double),
Due to the fact that feeding starts, the amount of water injection is increased to about 1 revolution / hour to prevent deterioration of water quality, sufficient aeration is performed, and siphon (feeding water exchange device) is used before feeding.
(See FIG. 10), the breeding water at the bottom of the seed culture water tank 1 is sucked and cleaned to remove residual food and excrement at the bottom of the water tank 1. When performing such cleaning of the bottom of the aquarium with a siphon, water injection and aeration are stopped. After cleaning and feeding, restart watering and aeration.
【００６０】また、サイフォンによる排水を漉し器で受
け、残餌とともに種苗（稚貝）が流失することを防いで
もよい。稚貝が落下しないように小割り式籠２（二重）
を用いるので、種苗が落下する確立は低いが、落下する
可能性もあるので上記漉し器を設ける。The siphon drainage may be received by a strainer to prevent the seedlings (juveniles) from being washed away together with the remaining bait. Small split basket 2 (double) to prevent juveniles from falling
Since it is unlikely that seeds and seedlings will fall, there is a possibility that they will fall, so the above strainer is installed.
【００６１】給餌開始時に与えるアミエビは、ミンチ状
に細かくして１０日間程度、その後、ミンチ状アミエビ
およびザク切り状アミエビを混ぜて５日間程度とし、徐
々にザク切り状アミエビの比率を高めて行き５０日目頃
にエビを切り刻まず丸ごと与える。その後、稚貝の成長
に伴い徐々に餌を魚の切り身に移行して行き、親貝の蓄
養と同様の飼育内容とする。いずれの餌の場合も、給餌
回数は基本的に１日２回とする。Ami shrimp to be given at the start of feeding should be minced into fine pieces for about 10 days, and then minced and shredded shrimp should be mixed for about 5 days to gradually increase the ratio of zripped shrimp. Around the 50th day, give the whole shrimp without chopping. After that, the feed is gradually transferred to the fish fillets as the juveniles grow, and the breeding contents are the same as the breeding of the parent shellfish. For any food, the number of feedings is basically twice a day.
【００６２】稚貝の成長に応じて稚貝が落下しない限度
で網目を拡大する。本実施の形態では、稚貝が殻高２０
ｍｍ程度に成長した時点で、小割り式籠２（二重）から
目合０．５ｍｍのネットを取り外し、小割り式籠２単体
による蓄養に移行する。The mesh is expanded as long as the juveniles do not fall according to the growth of the juveniles. In the present embodiment, juveniles have a shell height of 20.
When it grows to about mm, the net with mesh size of 0.5 mm is removed from the small split basket 2 (double), and the split split basket 2 is transferred to a single farm.
【００６３】稚貝が殻高２０ｍｍ程度に成長し小割り式
籠２単体による蓄養、飼育を開始するときは、給餌前
に、注水およびエアレーションを止めた後、小割り式籠
２単体を種苗蓄養水槽１から取出し、水槽１の底をサイ
フォンを用いて清掃し、残餌および***物を除去する。
そして、水槽１の底の掃除が終了後、取り出した小割り
式籠２単体を水槽１内に戻し、給餌を開始し、注水およ
びエアレーションを再開する。When juveniles grow to a shell height of about 20 mm and start cultivation and rearing with the split-type cage 2 alone, after stopping water injection and aeration before feeding, the split-type cage 2 alone is cultivated with seedlings. It is taken out of the aquarium 1, and the bottom of the aquarium 1 is cleaned with a siphon to remove residual food and excrement.
After the bottom of the water tank 1 is cleaned, the small split basket 2 alone is returned to the water tank 1, feeding is started, and water injection and aeration are restarted.
【００６４】種苗（稚貝）が成長するとともに、種苗の
サイズが均一になる様に間引き、分槽を行って水槽１を
増やし、それに応じて小割り式籠２単体の個数を増やし
て行く。小割り式籠２の収容量は、蓄養親貝および殻高
２０ｍｍ以上の種苗は、収容密度３０ｋｇ／ｍ2を限度
とする。なお、収容密度３０ｋｇ／ｍ2は、殻高５０ｍ
ｍの親貝で約１０００個／ｍ2、殻高２０ｍｍ程度の個
体では約４０００個／ｍ2となる。As seedlings (juveniles) grow, the seedlings are thinned so that the size of seedlings becomes uniform, and the water tank 1 is increased by dividing tanks, and accordingly the number of the small split type cages 2 is increased. The storage capacity of the small-sized basket 2 is limited to a storage density of 30 kg / m 2 for farmed parent shellfish and seedlings having a shell height of 20 mm or more. The storage density of 30 kg / m 2 is 50 m of shell height.
It is about 1000 pieces / m 2 for m parent shells, and about 4000 pieces / m 2 for individuals with a shell height of about 20 mm.
【００６５】着底以後の蓄養および飼育は、ボイラを熱
源とする熱交換による加温海水（２３〜２４℃）を、単
独または自然海水と混合して用いることとして、冬季の
低水温期も飼育水の水温低下を抑制して１６〜１７℃を
保持し、成長が停滞しないようにする。For the cultivation and rearing after landing, warm seawater (23 to 24 ° C.) by heat exchange using a boiler as a heat source is used alone or in combination with natural seawater, and it is reared even in the low water temperature season in winter. The decrease in water temperature is suppressed to maintain 16 to 17 ° C. to prevent the growth from stagnating.
【００６６】[0066]
【実施例】次に、この発明の実施例を図面を参照しなが
ら説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.
【００６７】本発明装置および方法によってバイの養殖
を実施し、半年間の個体の成長および生残を調査した。
比較のため、［従来の技術］で述べた、親貝蓄養水槽、
孵化水槽および稚貝蓄養水槽を使用する掛け流し法によ
って同種類のバイの養殖を実施し、従来技術１、２とし
た。調査は、飼育開始時（９月）と終了時（翌年３月）
における、成長（殻高）および生残個体数を比較するこ
とによって行った。その結果を表１および図３、４に示
す。併せて、蓄養、養殖における飼育水の平均水温を図
５に、取水海水、水槽上層および水槽下層における水質
の計測結果を表２に、および、アンモニア分析値の平均
値を図６に、酸素飽和度の平均値を図７に、それぞれ示
す。Culture of bait was carried out by the apparatus and method of the present invention, and the growth and survival of individuals for half a year were investigated.
For comparison, the parent shellfish aquarium described in [Prior Art],
The same type of bait was cultivated by a free-flowing method using a hatching water tank and a juvenile shell water storage tank, and the prior arts 1 and 2 were obtained. The survey is at the start of breeding (September) and at the end of breeding (March next year)
By comparing the growth (shell height) and the number of survivors. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIGS. In addition, Fig. 5 shows the average water temperature of the breeding water in farming and aquaculture, Table 2 shows the measurement results of the water quality in the intake seawater, the upper layer of the aquarium and the lower layer of the aquarium, and Fig. 6 shows the average value of the ammonia analysis values, and the oxygen saturation. The average values of degrees are shown in FIG. 7, respectively.
【００６８】[0068]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００６９】[0069]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００７０】各年度の飼育方法における成長は、横軸に
計測月、縦軸に殻高平均値をｍｍ単位で取って図示およ
び比較した。The growth in each breeding method in each year is shown and compared by taking the measurement month on the horizontal axis and the shell height average value on the vertical axis in mm units.
【００７１】貝の殻高平均値は螺旋状の両端の間（殻の
最も尖った部位から最下部までの長軸方向）の長さを５
０個体分計測した結果の平均値とした。The average height of shells of the shellfish is 5 between the ends of the spiral (longitudinal direction from the sharpest point to the bottom of the shell).
The average value of the results obtained by measuring 0 individuals was used.
【００７２】従来技術１の結果では、９月には１３．４
ｍｍで飼育を開始した種苗が、１１月に１６．３ｍｍ、
１月に１７．７ｍｍ、最終的に３月に１７．９ｍｍに成
長した。The result of the prior art 1 is 13.4 in September.
The seeds and seedlings that started breeding in mm were 16.3 mm in November,
It grew to 17.7 mm in January and finally to 17.9 mm in March.
【００７３】従来技術２の結果では、９月に１０．６ｍ
ｍで飼育を開始した種苗が１１月に１４．４ｍｍ、１月
に１６．４ｍｍ、最終的には３月に１６．９ｍｍに成長
した。The result of Prior Art 2 is 10.6 m in September.
The seeds and seedlings that started to grow at 1 m grew to 14.4 mm in November, 16.4 mm in January, and finally 16.9 mm in March.
【００７４】一方、本発明による結果では、９月に８．
４ｍｍで飼育を開始した種苗が１１月に１２．１ｍｍ、
１月に１５．９ｍｍ、最終的には３月に２１．７ｍｍに
成長した。On the other hand, according to the result of the present invention, it was confirmed that the result of
Seed and seedling that started breeding at 4 mm was 12.1 mm in November,
It grew to 15.9 mm in January and finally to 21.7 mm in March.
【００７５】従来技術１、２におけるバイの成長量は、
３月の飼育終了時までに４．５〜６．３ｍｍで冬季の低
水温の時期における成長の停滞があった。本発明を用い
ることで水質悪化を招くことなく加温を充分に施すと同
時に、成長に応じて種苗を収容する小割り式籠数を増や
し、籠１個当たりの収容量を調整することで、常に単位
面積当たり飼育密度の均一化を図ることが可能であるこ
とが分かる。In the prior arts 1 and 2, the growth amount of the bye is
By the end of March rearing, the growth was stagnant at 4.5 to 6.3 mm during the low water temperature in winter. By using the present invention to sufficiently heat without deteriorating the water quality, at the same time, increase the number of small split type cages for accommodating seedlings according to growth, and adjust the accommodating amount per cage, It is understood that it is possible to always make the breeding density uniform per unit area.
【００７６】また、単位面積当たり飼育密度の均一化に
よって、投餌した飼料を種苗に万遍なく行き渡らせるよ
うに出来ることで、摂餌の均一化が図られ通年安定した
成長を維持することが可能となることが分かる。Further, by homogenizing the breeding density per unit area, it is possible to evenly disperse the fed feed to seeds and seedlings, so that uniform feeding can be achieved and stable growth can be maintained all year round. It turns out that it will be possible.
【００７７】このような改良の結果により、本発明では
飼育開始から３月の飼育終了時までに種苗が１３．３ｍ
ｍも成長した。As a result of such improvement, in the present invention, seedlings of 13.3 m were produced from the start of breeding to the end of breeding in March.
m also grew.
【００７８】次に、各年度の飼育方法における生残は、
横軸に計測月、縦軸に生残個体数を取って図示し、比較
した。Next, the survival in the breeding method of each year is
The horizontal axis shows the measurement month, and the vertical axis shows the number of surviving individuals.
【００７９】成長と同様に生残結果について比較する
と、従来技術１による結果では、９月に３５０００個体
収容して飼育を開始した種苗が、１１月に３００００個
体、１月に２７０００個体、最終的に３月に２５０００
個体生残し、取り上げ時点の生残率は７１．４％となっ
た。Comparing the survival results in the same manner as the growth, in the result of the prior art 1, the seedlings containing 35,000 individuals in September and starting to be raised were 30,000 in November, 27,000 in January, and finally At 25,000 in March
The survival rate at the time of picking up the individual was 71.4%.
【００８０】また、従来技術２による結果では、９月に
１２００００個体収容して飼育を開始した種苗が、１１
月に８００００個体、１月に５００００個体、最終的に
３月に３９０００個体生残し、取り上げ時点の生残率は
３２．５％となった。Further, according to the result of the prior art 2, the seeds and seedlings in which 120,000 individuals were housed in September and started to be raised were 11
The survival rate at the time of picking up was 32.5%, with 80000 individuals a month, 50,000 individuals in January, and finally 39000 individuals in March.
【００８１】一方、本発明による結果では、９月に１４
４０００個体収容して飼育を開始した種苗が、１１月に
１４３０００個体、１月には１４１５００個体、最終的
に３月に１４１０００個体生残し、取り上げ時点の生残
率は９７．９％となった。On the other hand, according to the results of the present invention,
The seeds and seedlings containing 4000 individuals and started to be reared survived 143,000 in November, 141500 in January, and finally 141,000 in March, and the survival rate at the time of picking up was 97.9%. .
【００８２】このように生残においても、従来技術１、
２では３２．５〜７１．４％で、飼育開始時の個体数が
充分に多い場合でも最終的に生残する個体数はある程度
限られていた。本発明を用いることで水質悪化を招くこ
となく加温を充分に施すと同時に、成長に応じて種苗を
収容する小割り式籠数を増やし、籠１個当たりの収容量
を調整することで、常に単位面積当たり飼育密度の均一
化を図ることが可能になることが分かる。As described above, even in survival, the conventional technique 1,
2 was 32.5 to 71.4%, and even when the number of individuals at the start of breeding was sufficiently large, the number of individuals who survived was limited to some extent. By using the present invention to sufficiently heat without deteriorating the water quality, at the same time, increase the number of small split type cages for accommodating seedlings according to growth, and adjust the accommodating amount per cage, It can be seen that it is possible to always make the breeding density uniform per unit area.
【００８３】また、単位面積当たり飼育密度の均一化に
よって、投餌した飼料を種苗に万遍なく行き渡らせるよ
うに出来ることで、摂餌の均一化が図られ高い生残を維
持することが可能となる。Further, by homogenizing the breeding density per unit area, the fed feed can be evenly distributed to the seeds and seedlings, so that the feeding can be homogenized and high survival can be maintained. Becomes
【００８４】このような改良の結果により、本発明では
飼育開始から３月の飼育終了時までに、種苗が９７．９
％生残した。As a result of such improvement, in the present invention, 97.9 seedlings were produced from the start of breeding to the end of breeding in March.
% Survived.
【００８５】飼育海水の水質は、アンモニア態窒素量お
よび酸素飽和度を測定し、それぞれアンモニア態窒素量
は横軸に飼育方法、縦軸に窒素量をｍｇ／Ｌ単位で、酸
素飽和度は横軸に飼育方法、縦軸に飽和度を％単位で取
って図示し、比較した。The water quality of the breeding seawater was measured by measuring the amount of ammonia nitrogen and the degree of oxygen saturation. The amount of ammonia nitrogen in the horizontal axis represents the breeding method, the amount of nitrogen in the vertical axis represents the amount of nitrogen in mg / L, and the oxygen saturation represents the horizontal axis. The axis is the breeding method, and the vertical axis is the saturation in% units.
【００８６】それぞれアンモニア態窒素量はインドフェ
ノール法による比色分析、酸素飽和度は隔膜系ガルバニ
電池式の隔膜電極法で測定した。The ammonia nitrogen content was measured by a colorimetric analysis by the indophenol method, and the oxygen saturation was measured by a diaphragm galvanic cell diaphragm electrode method.
【００８７】アンモニア態窒素量について、飼育方法お
よび測定位置の違いによる比較をすると、従来技術１で
は取水海水で０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ、飼育水槽上層で０．３ｍ
ｇ／Ｌ、飼育水槽下層で１．４ｍｇ／Ｌであった。Regarding the amount of ammonia nitrogen, when comparing the difference in breeding method and measurement position, in Prior Art 1, 0.2 mg / L in intake seawater and 0.3 m in upper layer of breeding aquarium.
g / L, 1.4 mg / L in the lower layer of the breeding aquarium.
【００８８】また、従来技術２では取水海水で０．２ｍ
ｇ／Ｌ、飼育水槽上層で０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ、飼育水槽下層
で２．８ｍｇ／Ｌであった。In the prior art 2, the intake seawater is 0.2 m.
g / L, 0.6 mg / L in the upper layer of the breeding aquarium, and 2.8 mg / L in the lower layer of the breeding aquarium.
【００８９】一方、本発明では、取水海水で０．２ｍｇ
／Ｌ、飼育水槽上層で０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ、飼育水槽下層で
１．８ｍｇ／Ｌであった。On the other hand, in the present invention, 0.2 mg of intake seawater is used.
/ L, 0.4 mg / L in the upper layer of the breeding aquarium, and 1.8 mg / L in the lower layer of the breeding aquarium.
【００９０】また、酸素飽和度について、飼育方法およ
び測定位置の違いによる比較をすると、従来技術１では
取水海水で９０％、飼育水槽上層で８４％、飼育水槽下
層で７５％であった。Further, when comparing the oxygen saturation depending on the breeding method and the measurement position, it was 90% in the intake seawater, 84% in the breeding aquarium upper layer, and 75% in the breeding aquarium lower layer in the prior art 1.
【００９１】また、従来技術２では、取水海水で９２
％、飼育水槽上層で８２％、飼育水槽下層で７１％であ
った。In the prior art 2, the intake seawater is 92
%, 82% in the upper layer of the breeding aquarium, and 71% in the lower layer of the breeding aquarium.
【００９２】一方、本発明では取水海水で９１％、飼育
水槽上層で８６％、飼育水槽下層で７６％であった。On the other hand, in the present invention, the intake seawater was 91%, the breeding water tank upper layer was 86%, and the breeding water tank lower layer was 76%.
【００９３】飼育水槽における水質項目の比較結果から
も、従来技術１、２におけるバイ飼育では、特に水槽下
層における残餌および***物の蓄積およびその除去が不
充分になりがちとなることに起因する、アンモニアの蓄
積と酸素飽和度の低下が起こりがちであったが、本発明
を用いて底掃除の簡便化を図ることで、残餌および***
物の蓄積を軽減および防止することが可能となり、環境
悪化がバイに与える負荷および影響を軽減することがで
きることが分かる。The comparison results of the water quality items in the breeding aquariums also result from the fact that the by-breeding in the prior arts 1 and 2 tends to result in insufficient accumulation and removal of residual food and excrement particularly in the lower layers of the aquarium. , Accumulation of ammonia and decrease in oxygen saturation tended to occur, but by facilitating bottom cleaning using the present invention, it becomes possible to reduce and prevent accumulation of residual food and excrement, It can be seen that it is possible to reduce the load and impact of environmental deterioration on the motorcycle.
【００９４】水槽底掃除を含む日常飼育管理には、従来
技術で１回当たり作業員２人で１．５時間、１日２回
（６人・時間／日）必要であったが。本発明を用いるこ
とで１回当たり作業員１人で１時間、１日２回（２人・
時間／日）に効率化を図ることが可能となり、水槽底掃
除を含む日常飼育管理における省力化を図ることができ
ることが分かる。In the conventional breeding management including cleaning of the bottom of the aquarium, the conventional technique required two workers for 1.5 hours and twice a day (6 persons.hour / day). By using the present invention, one worker per time for 1 hour, twice a day (2 people
It can be seen that it is possible to improve efficiency in time / day) and to save labor in daily breeding management including cleaning of the bottom of the aquarium.
【００９５】実施例の結果から、従来技術１は、開始時
飼育個体数が３.５万個体と少ない飼育で、生残率７１.
４％となるものの、１２万個体と多い従来技術２では生
残率３２.５％と生残率が急減したが、本発明によれ
ば、従来技術２（１２万個体）を上回る１４.４万個体
の開始時飼育個体数の飼育においても、生残率９７.９
％と極めて良好な飼育が達成され、また、種苗の成長に
ついても、本発明は、従来技術１、２よりも飼育開始時
の殻高が小さいにもかかわらず、飼育終了時には従来技
術１、２よりも殻高が上回り、成長面からも本発明が優
れていることがわかる。From the results of the examples, in the prior art 1, the number of individuals bred at the start was as small as 35,000, and the survival rate was 71.
Although it is 4%, the survival rate has rapidly decreased to 32.5% in the conventional technique 2 with a large number of 120,000 individuals, but according to the present invention, it exceeds the conventional technique 2 (120,000 individuals) by 14.4. Survival rate of 97.9 even in the breeding of 10,000 individuals at the start
%, Extremely good breeding was achieved, and regarding the growth of seeds and seedlings, the present invention, even though the shell height at the start of breeding was smaller than that of the conventional techniques 1 and 2, the conventional techniques 1 and 2 at the end of breeding. It is understood that the present invention is superior in terms of growth, since the shell height is higher than that.
【００９６】[0096]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、この発明によれ
ば、バイ等の肉食性巻き貝の養殖において、水槽の底か
ら所定高さ上方の位置に設けられた網籠｛小割り式籠
（二重、単体）｝を、採卵から孵化、稚貝蓄養および飼
育までの一連の工程を通して用いることにより、従来技
術と比較して次に挙げる項目において改善が見られる有
用な効果がもたらされる。As described above, according to the present invention, when cultivating carnivorous snails such as a bait, a net cage {divided cage (two Heavy, simple substance)} through a series of steps from egg collection to hatching, juvenile shellfish cultivation, and rearing, brings about useful effects in which the following items are improved as compared with the prior art.
【００９７】 蓄養水槽の底の水質悪化が生じ易い環
境と、巻き貝の生息環境とを切り離すことが可能とな
り、種苗の成長を促進し、環境悪化による斃死を抑える
ことができる。It is possible to separate the environment in which the water quality at the bottom of the farm water tank is likely to deteriorate from the habitat of snails, promote the growth of seeds and seedlings, and prevent death due to environmental deterioration.
【００９８】 日常の飼育管理において、これまでは
蓄養水槽の底の掃除排水中に、残餌および***物ととも
に種苗（稚貝）が一緒に排出されてくる可能性が高く、
排水は漉し器で必ず受けていたが、本発明によれば、網
籠（小割り式籠）が上部にあり、更に、これを水槽から
取り出すことにより単体そのものを水槽から取り上げる
ことができ、確実且つ簡便に残餌および***物のみを掃
除できる。In the daily management of breeding, until now, there is a high possibility that seedlings (fry) will be discharged together with residual food and excrement in the cleaning drainage of the bottom of the farm water tank.
The drainage was always received by the strainer, but according to the present invention, there is a net basket (divided type basket) in the upper part, and further, by taking this out from the water tank, the unit itself can be picked up from the water tank. And, it is possible to easily clean only the leftover food and excrement.
【００９９】 成長に伴う蓄養水槽の移動や切り替え
を行う場合、これまではその都度、全個体数を水槽内か
ら取り出して行っていたが、本発明によれば基本的に網
籠（小割り式籠）の目合を切り替えて行くことで対応可
能となり、水槽移動における省力化が図れる。When moving or switching the farm water tank along with the growth, until now, the total number of individuals has been taken out from the water tank each time, but according to the present invention, basically, the net basket (small division type) is used. This can be handled by switching the meshes of baskets, and labor can be saved when moving the water tank.
【０１００】 成長に伴なう間引きを行う場合、これ
まではその都度、全個体数を水槽内から取り出し、選別
および分槽を行っていたが、本発明によれば基本的に網
籠（小割り式籠）単体の数を増やして行くことで対応可
能となり、間引き選別における省力化が図れる。In the case of thinning out with growth, the total number of individuals was taken out from the aquarium for sorting and sorting every time, but according to the present invention, basically, a net basket (small This will be possible by increasing the number of split type baskets (single type baskets) alone, and labor can be saved in thinning and sorting.
【図１】この発明の実施の形態に係る網籠（小割り式
籠）を有するバイの蓄養水槽を示す平面図である。FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a bait water storage tank having a net basket (divided basket) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】この発明の実施の形態に係る網籠（小割り式
籠）を有するバイの蓄養水槽を示す側面断面図である。FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view showing a by-product culture water tank having a net basket (divided basket) according to the embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】この発明の実施例に係る個体の成長の調査結果
を示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of a survey on the growth of individuals according to an example of the present invention.
【図４】この発明の実施例に係る生残個体数の調査結果
を示すグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of a survey on the number of surviving individuals according to an example of the present invention.
【図５】この発明の実施例に係る飼育水の平均水温を示
すグラフである。FIG. 5 is a graph showing an average water temperature of breeding water according to an example of the present invention.
【図６】この発明の実施例に係る飼育水の水質の計測結
果をアンモニア分析値平均で示すグラフである。FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of measuring the water quality of breeding water according to an example of the present invention, as an average of ammonia analysis values.
【図７】この発明の実施例に係る飼育水の水質の計測結
果を酸素飽和度平均で示すグラフである。FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of measurement of water quality of breeding water according to an example of the present invention as an average oxygen saturation.
【図８】従来のバイの養殖装置を示す側面図でバイの親
貝蓄養と給餌状況を示している。FIG. 8 is a side view showing a conventional bait aquaculture apparatus, showing the parent shellfish cultivation and feeding status of the bait.
【図９】従来のバイの養殖装置を示す側面図で孵化水槽
による孵化の状況を示している。FIG. 9 is a side view showing a conventional bait aquaculture device, showing the state of hatching by a hatching aquarium.
【図１０】従来のバイの養殖装置を示す側面図で種苗蓄
養水槽による稚貝の飼育と給餌状況を示している。[Fig. 10] Fig. 10 is a side view showing a conventional bait aquaculture apparatus, and shows rearing and feeding of juveniles in a seedling water tank.
１ 種苗蓄養水槽 ２ 小割り式籠 ３ 吊具 ４ 飼育水 ５ 親貝 ６ 親貝蓄養水槽 ７ 孵化用網籠 ８ 孵化水槽 ９ 種苗蓄養水槽 １０ 排水口 １１ サイフォン １２ ザル １３ エアーストーン １４ 稚貝 １５ ネット（ミュラーガーゼ） １６ ネット（ミュラーガーゼ） １７ ネット 1 seedling water tank 2 small baskets 3 suspenders 4 Breeding water 5 Parent shellfish 6 Parent shellfish water tank 7 Hatching nets 8 hatching tank 9 seedling water tank 10 drain 11 siphon 12 monkeys 13 Air Stone 14 fry 15 Net (Muller Gauze) 16 Net (Muller Gauze) 17 net
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) A01K 61/00 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) A01K 61/00
Claims (9)
ない網目を有する稚貝用網籠を設け、前記稚貝用網籠内
に肉食性巻き貝の親貝の産卵により卵嚢が付着した基質
を配置し、孵化した稚貝を前記稚貝用網籠内で蓄養する
ことを特徴とする肉食性巻き貝の養殖方法。1. A net cage for juveniles having a mesh that does not allow juveniles to fall is provided in the upper part of the seedling water tank, and an egg sac is attached to the juveniles by the spawning of the parent shell of carnivorous snails. A method for cultivating carnivorous snails, which comprises arranging a substrate and culturing hatched juveniles in the juvenile net cage.
ない網目を有する親貝用網籠を設け、および、種苗蓄養
水槽内の上部に、稚貝が落下しない網目を有する稚貝用
網籠を設け、前記親貝用網籠に肉食性巻き貝の親貝を収
容し、前記親貝用網籠に基質を配置して親貝に産卵せし
め、卵嚢が付着した前記基質を前記親貝用網籠から前記
稚貝用網籠内に移し、孵化した稚貝を前記稚貝用網籠内
で蓄養することを特徴とする肉食性巻き貝の養殖方法。2. A parent shell net basket having a mesh that prevents the parent shell from falling is provided in the upper portion of the parent shell water storage tank, and a juvenile shell having a mesh that does not allow the young shell to fall in the upper portion of the seedling cultivation water tank. A net basket is provided, and the parent shell of the carnivorous snail is housed in the parent shell net basket, and the substrate is placed in the parent shell net basket to cause the parent shell to lay eggs, and the substrate with the egg sac attached is used as the parent shell. A method for cultivating carnivorous snails, which comprises transferring from a net cage for shellfish into the net cage for fry shells and culturing the hatched fry shells in the net cage for fry shells.
換して前記稚貝が落下しない限度で網目を拡大して行く
請求項１または２記載の肉食性巻き貝の養殖方法。3. The method for cultivating carnivorous snails according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the net cage for the juveniles is replaced by expanding the nets so that the juveniles do not fall in accordance with the growth of the juveniles.
の飼育水を所定期間毎に交換するとともに空気供給を行
う請求項１、２または３記載の肉食性巻き貝の養殖方
法。4. The method for cultivating carnivorous snails according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein during the juvenile cultivation, the breeding water at the bottom of the seedling cultivation water tank is exchanged at predetermined intervals and air is supplied.
性巻き貝またはアクキガイ科の肉食性巻き貝である請求
項１、２、３または４記載の肉食性巻き貝の養殖方法。5. The method for cultivating a carnivorous snail according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the carnivorous snail is a carnivorous snail of the family Shrimpidae or a carnivorous snail of the family Acrididae.
上部に設けられた、親貝および基質を収容するための、
親貝が落下しない網目を有する親貝用網籠と、種苗蓄養
水槽と、前記種苗蓄養水槽内の上部に設けられた、親貝
の産卵により卵嚢が付着した基質を収容し種苗を蓄養す
るための、稚貝が落下しない網目を有する稚貝用網籠と
を備えることを特徴とする肉食性巻き貝の養殖装置。6. A parent shell water storage tank, and an upper portion of the parent shell water storage tank for accommodating parent shells and substrates,
A net basket for parent shells having a mesh that prevents the parent shells from falling, a seedling water tank, and a substrate provided with an egg sac attached to the eggshell of the parent shell, which is provided in the upper part of the seedwater tank, to store seedlings. And a net cage for juveniles that has a mesh that prevents juveniles from falling.
前記稚貝が落下しない限度で網目を拡大するために交換
可能となっている請求項６記載の肉食性巻き貝の養殖装
置。7. The carnivorous snail aquaculture according to claim 6, wherein the juvenile shell net cage is replaceable in order to expand the meshes as long as the juvenile shells do not drop as the juvenile shells grow. apparatus.
内の底部の飼育水を所定期間毎に交換する飼育水交換装
置および給気装置を備える請求項６または７記載の肉食
性巻き貝の養殖装置。8. The carnivorous snail aquaculture according to claim 6, wherein the seedling water tank comprises a breeding water exchange device and an air supply device for exchanging the breeding water at the bottom of the seedwater culture water tank at predetermined intervals. apparatus.
性巻き貝またはアクキガイ科の肉食性巻き貝である請求
項６、７または８記載の肉食性巻き貝の養殖装置。9. The carnivorous conch cultivating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the carnivorous conch is a carnivorous conch of the lobster family or a carnivorous conch of the mussel family.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28643399A JP3486585B2 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 1999-10-07 | Method and apparatus for cultivating carnivorous snails |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28643399A JP3486585B2 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 1999-10-07 | Method and apparatus for cultivating carnivorous snails |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001103860A JP2001103860A (en) | 2001-04-17 |
| JP3486585B2 true JP3486585B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 |
Family
ID=17704334
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28643399A Expired - Fee Related JP3486585B2 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 1999-10-07 | Method and apparatus for cultivating carnivorous snails |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3486585B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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| CN103404465A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-11-27 | 河南牧业经济学院 | Viscous breeding fish fry hatching mesh and hatching method |
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| US7114461B2 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-10-03 | Winterlab Limited | Method for raising aquatic animals |
| JP4635172B2 (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2011-02-16 | 独立行政法人国際農林水産業研究センター | Shrimp breeding and health management system for indoor shrimp production |
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| CN103404465A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-11-27 | 河南牧业经济学院 | Viscous breeding fish fry hatching mesh and hatching method |
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| CN103404465B8 (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2016-05-18 | 河南牧业经济学院 | Viscid egg fry hatching mesh sheet and hatching method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
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