JP3425930B2 - Apparatus and method for reducing volume of garbage using fermenter - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for reducing volume of garbage using fermenterInfo
- Publication number
- JP3425930B2 JP3425930B2 JP2000206814A JP2000206814A JP3425930B2 JP 3425930 B2 JP3425930 B2 JP 3425930B2 JP 2000206814 A JP2000206814 A JP 2000206814A JP 2000206814 A JP2000206814 A JP 2000206814A JP 3425930 B2 JP3425930 B2 JP 3425930B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fermentation tank
- tank
- fermenter
- organic waste
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、生ごみを微小に破
砕し発酵させることにより嫌気性処理を行い、メタンガ
スその他と水に分解して減容化する装置と、この装置を
用いて減容化する方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for anaerobically treating food waste by crushing it into small pieces and fermenting it, and decomposing it into methane gas or other water and water to reduce the volume. About how to turn.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般に、生ごみ等の有機性廃棄物は、他
の一般廃棄物と一緒に焼却し埋め立て処理されている
が、埋め立て処理場の不足から生ごみの減容化が要求さ
れるようになっている。嫌気性菌により有機物を醗酵さ
せメタンに変換するシステムは古くから利用され実用化
されてきた。特に、し尿処理や終末下水処理場の活性汚
泥から発生する余剰汚泥の処理に現在でも使用され、熱
源としてメタンを利用すると共に減容化が図られてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art Generally, organic waste such as food waste is incinerated together with other general waste for landfill treatment, but it is required to reduce the volume of food waste due to the shortage of landfill treatment facilities. It is like this. A system for fermenting organic matter by anaerobic bacteria to convert it to methane has been used and put to practical use for a long time. In particular, it is still used for the treatment of human waste and the treatment of surplus sludge generated from activated sludge at the terminal sewage treatment plant, and methane is used as a heat source and the volume is reduced.
【０００３】特開昭６０−７８６９８号、７８６９９号
には、下水汚泥等のバイオマスを発酵させるための「２
相２槽方式メタン発酵装置」が記載されている。特開平
１１−７７００５号「有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵法」に
は、有機性廃棄物を酸発酵槽とメタン発酵槽を用いて嫌
気性処理し、夾雑物を除去・分離する方法が示されてい
る。しかしながら、これら従来技術では、添付図面の図
１０に示すように発酵槽１の底部に比重の大きな有機性
廃棄物や汚泥が沈殿し、酸発酵菌と有機性廃棄物の接触
機会が減少して有機性廃棄物の可溶化速度が減少した
り、メタン発酵菌と有機酸の接触機会が減少して有機酸
のガス化速度が減少するなどの欠点があった。また、図
１１に示すようにガスと共に汚泥が浮上し発酵槽１の上
部にスカムが発生するため、有機性廃棄物の可溶化速度
が減少したり有機酸のガス化速度が減少したり、ガスが
液中から気中へ抜けるのがスカムによって阻害される等
の欠点があり、回転式のスカム掻き取り機構９０などを
設けていた。JP-A-60-78698 and 78699 describe "2" for fermenting biomass such as sewage sludge.
"Phase 2 tank methane fermentation apparatus" is described. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-77005 "Methane fermentation method for organic waste" shows a method for anaerobically treating organic waste using an acid fermentation tank and a methane fermentation tank to remove and separate impurities. ing. However, in these conventional techniques, as shown in FIG. 10 of the accompanying drawings, organic waste or sludge having a large specific gravity is deposited on the bottom of the fermenter 1, which reduces the chance of contact between the acid-fermenting bacteria and the organic waste. There are drawbacks such as a decrease in the solubilization rate of the organic waste and a decrease in the contact rate between the methane-fermenting bacteria and the organic acid to decrease the gasification rate of the organic acid. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, sludge floats up with the gas and scum is generated in the upper part of the fermenter 1, so that the solubilization rate of the organic waste decreases, the gasification rate of the organic acid decreases, However, there is a drawback that scum hinders the escape of the liquid from the liquid to the air, and the rotary scum scraping mechanism 90 and the like are provided.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、生ご
みを微小に破砕し発酵させることにより嫌気性処理を行
うと共に、発酵槽内の沈殿汚泥やスカムを効果的に拡散
させ、メタンガス等と水から成る安定した排出物に減容
化することにある。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to perform anaerobic treatment by crushing food waste into fine pieces and fermenting it, and at the same time effectively diffusing settling sludge and scum in a fermenter to produce methane gas, etc. And to reduce the volume to a stable emission of water.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明による装置は、生
ごみから夾雑物を除去し破砕処理した後の有機性廃棄物
を発酵槽を用いて減容化する装置であって、複数の態様
により実現される。第１の態様において、この装置は、
有機性廃棄物を投入するタンクと、発酵槽と、前記発酵
槽内で鉛直方向に延伸しかつ中央に縦型のスクリュー式
攪拌機を内蔵するドラフトチューブと、前記発酵槽の側
壁を貫通して前記ドラフトチューブの側部に連結される
投入管と、前記タンクから有機性廃棄物を前記投入管へ
と圧送するポンプとを備えている。The device according to the present invention is a device for reducing the volume of organic waste after removing foreign matters from raw garbage and crushing it by using a fermenter, and has a plurality of embodiments. It is realized by. In a first aspect, the device is
A tank for inputting organic waste, a fermenter, a draft tube vertically extending in the fermenter and having a vertical screw stirrer in the center, and a penetrating side wall of the fermenter It comprises an input pipe connected to the side of the draft tube and a pump for pumping the organic waste from the tank to the input pipe.
【０００６】第２の態様において、この装置は、発酵槽
と、前記発酵槽内で鉛直方向に延伸しかつ中央に縦型の
スクリュー式攪拌機を内蔵するドラフトチューブと、前
記発酵槽の側壁に設けたバイパス出口と、前記発酵槽の
底部に設けた吹出口と、前記バイパス出口から前記吹出
口までの接続回路と、前記接続回路中に設けたポンプと
を備え、前記バイパス出口から発酵槽の内容物の一部を
流出させ前記吹出口から槽内に吹き出させて発酵槽の底
部に蓄積される汚泥を吹き飛ばして攪拌することを特徴
としている。In a second aspect, this apparatus is provided on a side wall of the fermenter, a fermenter, a draft tube extending vertically in the fermenter and having a vertical screw stirrer in the center thereof. A bypass outlet, a blower outlet provided at the bottom of the fermenter, a connection circuit from the bypass outlet to the blower outlet, and a pump provided in the connection circuit, the contents of the fermenter from the bypass outlet It is characterized in that a part of the product is flown out and blown out into the tank through the blow-out port, and sludge accumulated at the bottom of the fermentation tank is blown off and stirred.
【０００７】第３の態様において、この装置は、発酵槽
と、前記発酵槽内で鉛直方向に延伸しかつ中央に縦型の
スクリュー式攪拌機を内蔵するドラフトチューブと、前
記発酵槽の上端に形成したくびれ部分と、前記くびれ部
分を覆うように設置したスカム生成防止溢出機構とを備
え、前記スカム生成防止溢出機構は発酵槽の上端から内
容物を溢出させることによりスカムの生成を防止してい
ることを特徴としている。In a third aspect, this apparatus comprises a fermenter, a draft tube extending vertically in the fermenter and having a vertical screw type agitator in the center, and formed at the upper end of the fermenter. A constricted portion and a scum generation preventing overflow mechanism installed so as to cover the constricted portion, and the scum generation preventing overflow mechanism prevents scum generation by causing the contents to overflow from the upper end of the fermentation tank. It is characterized by that.
【０００８】第４の態様において、この装置は、有機性
廃棄物を投入するタンクと、発酵槽と、前記発酵槽の側
壁に連結される投入管と、前記タンクから有機性廃棄物
を前記投入管へと圧送するポンプと、前記タンク又は前
記発酵槽あるいはこれらの系内に粉末活性炭を投入する
ための活性炭投入回路とを備え、粉末活性炭の投入によ
り汚泥の凝集を促進させることを特徴としている。[0008] In a fourth aspect, the apparatus is a tank for charging organic waste, a fermentation tank, a charging pipe connected to a side wall of the fermentation tank, and the charging of organic waste from the tank. A pump for pumping to a pipe and an activated carbon charging circuit for charging powdered activated carbon into the tank or the fermentation tank or a system thereof are provided, and the flocculation of sludge is promoted by charging the powdered activated carbon. .
【０００９】[0009]
【作用】本発明の第１の態様による作用は次の通り。従
来の発酵槽はその側壁に設けた投入口から有機性廃棄物
を投入していたため、投入直後の廃棄物が拡散されにく
かった。本発明ではスクリュー式攪拌機を内蔵するドラ
フトチューブ側部に連結した投入管から有機性廃棄物を
圧送するようになっているため、直ちにスクリューで上
方（あるいは下方）へと移送されることになり、攪拌速
度が向上して処理能率が高められる。The operation according to the first aspect of the present invention is as follows. In the conventional fermenter, the organic waste was input through the input port provided on the side wall of the fermenter, so that it was difficult to diffuse the waste immediately after the input. In the present invention, since the organic waste is pressure-fed from the input pipe connected to the side of the draft tube containing the screw-type stirrer, the organic waste is immediately transferred upward (or downward) by the screw, The stirring speed is improved and the processing efficiency is increased.
【００１０】本発明の第２の態様による作用は次の通
り。前述したように従来の発酵槽では底部に比重の大き
な有機性廃棄物や汚泥が沈殿し、酸発酵菌と有機性廃棄
物の接触機会が減少して廃棄物の可溶化速度が減少した
り、メタン発酵菌と有機酸の接触機会が減少して有機酸
のガス化速度が減少するなどの欠点があった。本発明に
よれば、バイパス出口から発酵槽の内容物の一部を流出
させ吹出口から槽内に吹き出させて発酵槽の底部に蓄積
される汚泥を吹き飛ばして攪拌するため、有機性廃棄物
や汚泥が沈殿するのが防止され、沈殿に伴う各種の欠点
を除去することができる。The operation according to the second aspect of the present invention is as follows. As described above, in the conventional fermenter, organic waste or sludge having a large specific gravity is deposited on the bottom, the chance of contact between the acid-fermenting bacteria and the organic waste is reduced, and the solubilization rate of the waste is reduced. There are drawbacks such as the chance of contact between methane-fermenting bacteria and organic acid is reduced and the gasification rate of organic acid is reduced. According to the present invention, a part of the contents of the fermentation tank is discharged from the bypass outlet and blown out into the tank from the outlet to blow off the sludge accumulated in the bottom of the fermentation tank to stir, so that organic waste or The sludge is prevented from settling and various defects associated with the settling can be eliminated.
【００１１】本発明の第３の態様による作用は次の通
り。前述したように従来の発酵槽ではガスと共に汚泥が
浮上しスカム（浮きあわ）となって発酵槽の上部に発生
するため、有機性廃棄物の可溶化速度が減少したり、有
機酸のガス化速度が減少したり、ガスが液中から気中へ
抜けるのがスカムによって阻害される等の欠点があっ
た。本発明によれば、発酵槽の上部にスカム生成防止溢
出機構が設けられ、内容物が上部から溢出するようにし
て流出するため、スカムの発生自体が防止されることに
なり、スカムを除去するための掻き取り機構などを設け
る必要がない。The operation of the third aspect of the present invention is as follows. As mentioned above, in conventional fermentation tanks, sludge floats up with gas and forms scum (floating bubbles) at the top of the fermentation tank, which reduces the solubilization rate of organic waste and gasification of organic acids. There are drawbacks such as a decrease in the velocity and the scum hindering the gas from flowing out of the liquid into the air. According to the present invention, the scum generation preventing overflow mechanism is provided in the upper part of the fermenter, and the contents flow out as if overflowing from the upper part, so that the scum generation itself is prevented and the scum is removed. It is not necessary to provide a scraping mechanism or the like.
【００１２】本発明の第４の態様による作用は次の通
り。本発明によれば、タンク又は発酵槽あるいはこれら
の系内に粉末活性炭を投入するための活性炭投入回路が
設けられるため、粉末活性炭が核となって汚泥の凝集が
促進させられる。The operation according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is as follows. According to the present invention, an activated carbon charging circuit for charging powdered activated carbon is provided in a tank, a fermenter, or a system thereof, so that the powdered activated carbon serves as a nucleus to promote the aggregation of sludge.
【００１３】本発明はその第５の態様として、生ごみか
ら夾雑物を除去し破砕処理した後の有機性廃棄物を酸発
酵槽を用いて有機酸に変換しメタン発酵槽を用いて嫌気
性処理し減容化する方法であって、有機性廃棄物をポン
プにより酸発酵槽内へ圧送し、酸発酵槽内部に設けた鉛
直軸線を有するスクリュー式攪拌機で槽内の有機性廃棄
物を底部から頂部へと上向きに移送し、酸発酵槽の上部
に設けたスカム生成防止溢出機構から有機性廃棄物を溢
出させ、溢出した有機性廃棄物の一部をメタン発酵槽へ
と移送すると共に、残りの一部を酸発酵槽の底部に設け
た吹出口から槽内に吹き出させて酸発酵槽の底部に蓄積
される汚泥を吹き飛ばして攪拌し、メタン発酵槽の槽内
へと酸発酵槽から送られてきた有機性廃棄物を圧送し、
メタン発酵槽内部に設けた鉛直軸線を有するスクリュー
式攪拌機で槽内の有機性廃棄物を底部から頂部へと上向
きに移送し、メタン発酵槽の上部に設けたスカム生成防
止溢出機構から有機性廃棄物を溢出させ、溢出した有機
性廃棄物の一部を系外へと移送すると共に、残りの一部
をメタン発酵槽の底部に設けた吹出口から槽内に吹き出
させてメタン発酵槽の底部に蓄積される汚泥を吹き飛ば
して攪拌することを特徴とする生ごみの減容化方法を提
供する。As a fifth aspect of the present invention, the organic waste after removing impurities from raw garbage and crushing it is converted into an organic acid using an acid fermentation tank and anaerobicly converted using a methane fermentation tank. It is a method of treating and reducing the volume, in which organic waste is pumped into the acid fermentation tank by a pump, and the organic waste in the tank is bottomed by a screw type agitator with a vertical axis installed inside the acid fermentation tank. From the top to the top, the organic waste is overflowed from the scum generation prevention overflow mechanism provided at the top of the acid fermentation tank, and a part of the overflowed organic waste is transferred to the methane fermentation tank, The remaining part is blown out into the tank from the outlet provided at the bottom of the acid fermentation tank, the sludge accumulated at the bottom of the acid fermentation tank is blown away and stirred, and then from the acid fermentation tank into the tank of the methane fermentation tank. The organic waste that has been sent is sent under pressure,
A screw type agitator with a vertical axis installed inside the methane fermentation tank transfers the organic waste in the tank upwards from the bottom to the top, and an organic waste is disposed from the scum generation prevention overflow mechanism installed at the top of the methane fermentation tank. At the bottom of the methane fermentation tank, while overflowing the material, transferring a part of the overflowed organic waste to the outside of the system, and blowing the remaining part into the tank from the outlet provided at the bottom of the methane fermentation tank. Provided is a method for reducing the volume of food waste, which is characterized in that the sludge accumulated in the air is blown off and agitated.
【００１４】本発明によるこの方法は、生ごみを嫌気的
に分解してメタンガスと水に処理し減容化する過程にお
いて、生ごみを可溶化して有機酸に変換する酸発酵槽
と、有機酸をメタンガス等に変換するメタン発酵槽とを
有する２槽システムであり、以下に示すような特徴を有
する。This method according to the present invention comprises an acid fermentation tank for solubilizing food waste and converting it into organic acid in the process of anaerobically decomposing food waste and treating it with methane gas and water to reduce its volume. It is a two-tank system having a methane fermentation tank for converting an acid into methane gas and the like, and has the following features.
【００１５】生ゴミ中の高分子有機物は、攪拌効率の向
上を目的として、酸発酵槽内に設置されるドラフトチュ
ーブ内に直接的に投入され、スクリュー式攪拌機によ
り、微生物を含んだ汚泥と効率よく攪拌される。発酵槽
中の有機物と微生物を含んだ汚泥は、槽内底部に沈殿す
るものもある。これを防止するために、槽内に汚泥吹き
飛ばし機構を設ける。この機構により、沈殿した汚泥が
拡散され、スクリュー式攪拌機により均一化される。The high molecular weight organic matter in the garbage is directly charged into the draft tube installed in the acid fermentation tank for the purpose of improving the stirring efficiency, and the sludge and the efficiency including sludge containing microorganisms are fed by the screw type stirrer. Well stirred. Some sludge containing organic substances and microorganisms in the fermenter settles on the bottom of the tank. In order to prevent this, a sludge blow-off mechanism is installed in the tank. By this mechanism, the sludge that has settled is diffused and made uniform by the screw type agitator.
【００１６】発酵槽内のガスと共に浮上してスカムにな
った汚泥は、発酵槽内上部に偏在する。これを除去する
ことを目的として、槽内にはスカム生成防止溢出機構が
設けてあり、スカムは槽内から排出され、加温槽で加温
された後、ポンプで槽内底部から吹き出すことにより均
一化され、槽内に戻される。これにより、槽内ではスカ
ム偏在が防止される。The sludge that has floated along with the gas in the fermenter into scum is unevenly distributed in the upper part of the fermenter. For the purpose of removing this, a scum generation prevention overflow mechanism is provided in the tank, and scum is discharged from the tank, heated in the heating tank, and then blown out from the bottom of the tank with a pump. It is homogenized and returned to the tank. As a result, uneven distribution of scum is prevented in the tank.
【００１７】酸発酵槽内の微生物を活発に活動させるに
は、代謝物である生成した有機酸を速やかに酸発酵槽か
ら排出する必要が生じる。そのため、有機酸を酸発酵槽
から押し出すことを目的にして、メタン発酵槽から固液
分離装置などを用いて取り出した脱離液を、酸発酵槽に
送り込む機構が設けられる。脱離液は、有機酸濃度があ
る一定の範囲になるような流量で送られ、酸発酵槽内に
設置されたドラフトチューブ内に直接的に投入され、ス
クリュー式攪拌機により、微生物を含んだ汚泥と効率よ
く攪拌される。これにより有機酸を酸発酵槽から排出す
ることが可能になる。In order to activate the microorganisms in the acid fermentation tank, it is necessary to promptly discharge the produced organic acid which is a metabolite from the acid fermentation tank. Therefore, for the purpose of extruding the organic acid from the acid fermentation tank, a mechanism is provided for feeding the desorbed liquid taken out from the methane fermentation tank using a solid-liquid separator or the like to the acid fermentation tank. The desorbed liquid is sent at a flow rate such that the organic acid concentration is within a certain range, and is directly put into the draft tube installed in the acid fermentation tank, and the sludge containing a microorganism is mixed by a screw type agitator. And be stirred efficiently. This allows the organic acid to be discharged from the acid fermenter.
【００１８】本発明はより好適な結果を得るために、各
種の具体的手法を加えることができる。例えば、メタン
発酵槽から流出した脱離液を酸発酵槽のドラフトチュー
ブに送り込んで有機酸を酸発酵槽から押し出すようにす
ることもできる。また、酸発酵槽及び／又はメタン発酵
槽内あるいは系内に粉末活性炭を投入して微生物の核と
し、汚泥の凝集を促進させることもできる。In the present invention, various concrete techniques can be added to obtain more preferable results. For example, the desorbed liquid flowing out from the methane fermentation tank can be sent to the draft tube of the acid fermentation tank to push the organic acid out of the acid fermentation tank. Further, powdered activated carbon may be charged into the acid fermentation tank and / or the methane fermentation tank or into the system to serve as nuclei of microorganisms to promote aggregation of sludge.
【００１９】上述したような特徴を有する手法を用い
て、本発明による生ごみの減容化方法では次のようにし
て処理を行う。まず、あらかじめ夾雑物を除去した生ご
みを、機械的に微破砕し、馴化させた消化汚泥により酸
発酵槽とメタン発酵槽の二槽式消化法で嫌気性処理を行
い、酸発酵槽ではｐＨを５．０〜７．０に、メタン発酵
槽ではｐＨを７．０〜８．０に調整する。両槽内温度
は、例えば３０〜３５℃あるいは５０〜５５℃とする。
酸発酵槽のｐＨ調整は、アルカリ剤の添加と、アルカリ
分を含んだメタン発酵槽からの脱離液を返送することに
より行う。酸発酵槽内のｐＨを低下させる原因である有
機酸を速やかに排出させる。メタン発酵槽では、酸発酵
槽からの有機酸が槽内のｐＨを下げる物質であるが、メ
タン菌によって分解されるため速やかに系外にガスとし
て取り除かれる。このように本発明のシステムでは、容
易なｐＨ制御により、生ごみを簡易に減容化することが
可能である。In the method of reducing the volume of raw garbage according to the present invention, the processing is performed as follows, using the method having the characteristics as described above. First, the raw garbage from which impurities have been removed beforehand is mechanically crushed and mechanically crushed, and the digested sludge that has been acclimated is subjected to an anaerobic treatment by a two-tank digestion method of an acid fermentation tank and a methane fermentation tank. Is adjusted to 5.0 to 7.0 and the pH is adjusted to 7.0 to 8.0 in the methane fermentation tank. The temperature in both tanks is, for example, 30 to 35 ° C or 50 to 55 ° C.
The pH of the acid fermentation tank is adjusted by adding an alkaline agent and returning the desorbed liquid from the methane fermentation tank containing the alkali component. The organic acid, which is the cause of lowering the pH in the acid fermentation tank, is promptly discharged. In the methane fermentation tank, the organic acid from the acid fermentation tank is a substance that lowers the pH in the tank, but it is quickly removed as a gas from the system because it is decomposed by methane bacteria. As described above, in the system of the present invention, it is possible to easily reduce the volume of food waste by the easy pH control.
【００２０】[0020]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は本発明の第１の態様に対応
しており、この装置は生ごみから夾雑物を除去し破砕処
理した後の有機性廃棄物を発酵槽を用いて減容化する装
置であって、有機性廃棄物を投入するタンク５と、発酵
槽１と、発酵槽１内で鉛直方向に延伸しかつ中央に縦型
のスクリュー式攪拌機３を内蔵するドラフトチューブ２
と、発酵槽１の側壁を貫通してドラフトチューブ２の側
部に連結される投入管８と、タンク５から有機性廃棄物
を投入管８へと圧送するポンプ７とを備えている。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 corresponds to the first embodiment of the present invention, and this apparatus uses a fermenter to reduce organic waste after removing foreign substances from raw garbage and crushing the raw garbage. A device for volatizing, a tank 5 for inputting organic waste, a fermenter 1, and a draft tube 2 extending vertically in the fermenter 1 and having a vertical screw type agitator 3 in the center thereof.
And a feed pipe 8 penetrating the side wall of the fermenter 1 and connected to a side portion of the draft tube 2, and a pump 7 for feeding organic waste from the tank 5 to the feed pipe 8 under pressure.
【００２１】タンク５には攪拌用ブロワ６から空気が圧
送され、タンク内で所定の攪拌操作が行われる。スクリ
ュー式攪拌機３はモータ４で駆動される。発酵槽内には
周知の温度センサＴが取り付けられ、槽内は所定の温度
に保たれる。槽内の液面上にはスカムＳが生成されてい
る。処理が完了した内容物は排出口９から外部に送られ
る。かくして、スクリュー式攪拌機３を内蔵するドラフ
トチューブ２の側部に連結された投入管８から有機性廃
棄物が圧送されるので、直ちにスクリューで上方へと移
送されることになり、攪拌速度が向上して処理能率が高
められる。Air is pressure-fed from the stirring blower 6 to the tank 5, and a predetermined stirring operation is performed in the tank. The screw type agitator 3 is driven by a motor 4. A well-known temperature sensor T is attached to the inside of the fermentation tank, and the inside of the fermentation tank is maintained at a predetermined temperature. A scum S is generated on the liquid surface in the tank. The processed contents are sent to the outside through the outlet 9. Thus, since the organic waste is pressure-fed from the charging pipe 8 connected to the side of the draft tube 2 having the screw-type stirrer 3 built therein, the organic waste is immediately transferred upward by the screw to improve the stirring speed. The processing efficiency is improved.
【００２２】図２は本発明の第２の態様に対応してお
り、この装置は発酵槽１と、発酵槽１内で鉛直方向に延
伸しかつ中央に縦型のスクリュー式攪拌機３を内蔵する
ドラフトチューブ２と、発酵槽１の側壁に設けたバイパ
ス出口１０と、発酵槽の底部に設けた吹出口１４と、バ
イパス出口１０から吹出口１４までの接続回路（バイパ
ス回路）１１と、接続回路１１中に設けたポンプ１３と
を備えている。図示の例では、接続回路中に加温槽１２
が配置されているが、省略することもできる。FIG. 2 corresponds to the second embodiment of the present invention, and this apparatus has a fermenter 1 and a vertical screw type agitator 3 which extends vertically in the fermenter 1 and is provided at the center. Draft tube 2, bypass outlet 10 provided on the side wall of fermenter 1, blower outlet 14 provided at the bottom of the fermentor, connection circuit (bypass circuit) 11 from bypass outlet 10 to blower outlet 11, and connection circuit 11 and a pump 13 provided therein. In the illustrated example, the heating tank 12 is provided in the connection circuit.
Is placed, but can be omitted.
【００２３】図３は、発酵槽１の底部に設けられた吹出
口１４から汚泥を含んだ液体を吹き出して槽内を攪拌す
ることにより、汚泥やスカムが槽内に沈殿したり滞留し
たりするのを防止する状態を表している。これにより、
比重の大きい生ごみや微生物を含んだ汚泥を発酵槽底部
から舞い上がらせることができる。また、酸発酵菌と生
ごみの接触機会が増大して生ごみの可溶化速度が増大
し、メタン菌と有機酸の接触機会が増大して有機酸のガ
ス化速度が増大するなどの利点が得られる。FIG. 3 shows that sludge and scum are precipitated or accumulated in the tank by blowing a liquid containing sludge from the outlet 14 provided at the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 and stirring the inside of the tank. It represents the state of preventing This allows
Sludge containing high-density food waste and microorganisms can be raised from the bottom of the fermentation tank. Further, there are advantages such as an increased chance of contact between the acid-fermenting bacteria and the garbage and an increase in the solubilization rate of the garbage, and an increased chance of contact between the methane bacteria and the organic acid and an increase in the gasification rate of the organic acid. can get.
【００２４】図４は本発明の第３の態様に対応してお
り、この装置は発酵槽（酸発酵槽あるいはメタン発酵
槽）１５と、発酵槽１５内で鉛直方向に延伸しかつ中央
に縦型のスクリュー式攪拌機３を内蔵するドラフトチュ
ーブ２と、発酵槽１５の上端に形成したくびれ部分１７
と、このくびれ部分１７を覆うように設置したスカム生
成防止溢出機構１８とを備えている。スカム生成防止溢
出機構１８は発酵槽１５の上端から内容物を溢出させる
ことによりスカムの生成を防止している。FIG. 4 corresponds to a third embodiment of the present invention. This apparatus comprises a fermenter (acid fermenter or methane fermenter) 15, a vertical stretch in the fermenter 15, and a vertical length in the center. Draft tube 2 with a built-in screw-type stirrer 3 and a constricted part 17 formed at the upper end of the fermenter 15.
And a scum generation preventing overflow mechanism 18 installed so as to cover the constricted portion 17. The scum generation preventing overflow mechanism 18 prevents the generation of scum by causing the contents to overflow from the upper end of the fermentation tank 15.
【００２５】図５は、発酵槽１５の上部に設けたスカム
生成防止溢出機構１８から、攪拌されて上方に押しやら
れた汚泥や内容物を溢出させることにより、下流側へと
移送する状態を表している。かかる構成に基づき、スカ
ムが発酵槽１５上に偏在することが防止される。その結
果、微生物と生ごみの接触機会が増加して有機物の可溶
化速度が増大し、微生物と有機酸の接触機会が増大して
有機酸のガス化速度が増大する。また、ガスが液中から
気中へと抜けるのが容易になるなどの利点が得られる。FIG. 5 shows a state in which sludge and contents that are agitated and pushed upward are overflowed from the overflow mechanism 18 for preventing scum generation provided in the upper part of the fermenter 15 and transferred to the downstream side. ing. Based on such a configuration, scum is prevented from being unevenly distributed on the fermenter 15. As a result, the chances of contact between microorganisms and food waste are increased to increase the solubilization rate of organic substances, and the chances of contact between microorganisms and organic acids are increased to increase the gasification rate of organic acids. Further, there are advantages such as easy escape of gas from the liquid to the air.
【００２６】図６は本発明の第４の態様に対応してお
り、この装置は発酵槽１と、発酵槽１の側壁に連結され
る従来型の投入管８ａと、タンク５から有機性廃棄物を
投入管８ａへと圧送するポンプ７と、タンク５又は発酵
槽１あるいはこれらの系内に粉末活性炭を投入するため
の活性炭投入回路２４とを備えている。かくして、粉末
活性炭の投入により汚泥の凝集が促進させられるという
効果がある。FIG. 6 corresponds to the fourth aspect of the present invention. This apparatus comprises a fermenter 1, a conventional input pipe 8a connected to the side wall of the fermenter 1, and an organic waste from the tank 5. A pump 7 for pressure-feeding the product to the charging pipe 8a and an activated carbon charging circuit 24 for charging powdered activated carbon into the tank 5 or the fermenter 1 or their system are provided. Thus, the addition of powdered activated carbon has the effect of promoting the agglomeration of sludge.
【００２７】図７には本発明の第５の態様による生ごみ
の減容化システムが示されており、このシステムは生ご
みから夾雑物を除去し破砕処理した後の有機性廃棄物を
酸発酵槽１６とメタン発酵槽５０を用いて嫌気性処理し
減容化する装置であり、各発酵槽の内部には鉛直方向に
延伸しかつ中央に縦型のスクリュー式攪拌機３を内蔵す
るドラフトチューブ２が設けられている。FIG. 7 shows a system for reducing the volume of food waste according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. This system removes impurities from the food waste and crushes the organic waste to acidify it. A draft tube which is an apparatus for anaerobic treatment and volume reduction using the fermenter 16 and the methane fermenter 50, and which vertically extends inside each fermenter and has a vertical screw-type stirrer 3 in the center thereof. Two are provided.
【００２８】各発酵槽の上部にはスカムの生成を防止し
ながら内容物を上端から溢出させるスカム生成防止溢出
機構１８，５８が設けられている。各発酵槽の下流側に
は固液分離装置３４，７４が設けられ、各発酵槽の底部
には吹出口１４，６０が設けられている。At the upper part of each fermentation tank, scum generation preventing overflow mechanisms 18 and 58 for preventing the generation of scum and overflowing the contents from the upper end are provided. Solid-liquid separators 34 and 74 are provided on the downstream side of each fermenter, and blow-off ports 14 and 60 are provided at the bottom of each fermenter.
【００２９】さらに、酸発酵槽１６の下流側には、加温
槽１２、加温用循環ポンプ１３、凝集調整槽２６が設け
られ、固液分離槽３４の底部には汚泥返送ポンプ３６が
接続されている。同様に、メタン発酵槽５０の下流側に
は、加温槽６２、加温用循環ポンプ６４、凝集調整槽６
６が設けられ、固液分離槽７４の底部には汚泥返送ポン
プ７６が接続されている。固液分離槽７４の中間から引
き抜かれた液体はその一部が系外へと排出されるが、一
部は脱離液返送ポンプ７０により酸発酵槽側の投入管８
へと再投入される。凝集調整槽２６，６６には、凝集剤
溶解装置３７と凝集剤投入ポンプ３８から凝集剤が供給
される（図８，図９）。Further, a heating tank 12, a heating circulation pump 13, and a coagulation adjusting tank 26 are provided on the downstream side of the acid fermentation tank 16, and a sludge returning pump 36 is connected to the bottom of the solid-liquid separation tank 34. Has been done. Similarly, on the downstream side of the methane fermentation tank 50, a heating tank 62, a heating circulation pump 64, and an aggregation adjusting tank 6 are provided.
6 is provided, and a sludge return pump 76 is connected to the bottom of the solid-liquid separation tank 74. A part of the liquid drawn out from the middle of the solid-liquid separation tank 74 is discharged to the outside of the system, but a part of the liquid is discharged by the desorbed liquid returning pump 70 into the injection pipe 8 on the acid fermentation tank side.
Is re-introduced to. The coagulant is supplied to the coagulant adjusting tanks 26 and 66 from the coagulant dissolving device 37 and the coagulant injection pump 38 (FIGS. 8 and 9).
【００３０】かくして、このシステムでは、スカム溢出
機構１８，５８から溢出した有機性廃棄物の一部を固液
分離装置３４，７４へと移送すると共に、残りの一部を
各発酵槽の底部に設けた吹出口１４，６０から槽内に吹
き出させて各発酵槽の底部に蓄積される汚泥を吹き飛ば
して攪拌するようになっている。Thus, in this system, a part of the organic waste overflowed from the scum overflow mechanism 18, 58 is transferred to the solid-liquid separation devices 34, 74, and the remaining part is transferred to the bottom of each fermentation tank. The sludge accumulated at the bottom of each fermentation tank is blown into the tank through the provided outlets 14 and 60 to stir the sludge.
【００３１】[0031]
【実施例】図８及び図９は、本発明のさらに好適な実施
例による減容化システム全体を表しており、図面サイズ
の関係で左右に分離して表している。このシステムに基
づいて本発明における処理工程を例示すれば、次のよう
になる。
（１）生ごみからパック、トレー、ラップ類、金属等の
夾雑物を取り除く。
（２）生ごみを粉砕処理し、原料貯留タンク５に投入
し、原料投入ポンプ７で酸発酵槽１６へ供給する。FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 show the entire volume reduction system according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is shown separately on the left and right in relation to the drawing size. The processing steps in the present invention will be illustrated based on this system as follows. (1) Remove contaminants such as packs, trays, wraps, and metals from kitchen garbage. (2) The raw garbage is crushed, charged into the raw material storage tank 5, and supplied to the acid fermentation tank 16 by the raw material charging pump 7.
【００３２】（３）生ごみ中の炭水化物・タンパク質・
脂質などの高分子有機物は、酸発酵槽の側部に設けられ
た投入管８へと圧送され、鉛直軸線を有するスクリュー
式攪拌機３を内蔵するドラフトチューブ２内へと直接的
に送り込まれ、微生物を含んだ汚泥と効率よく攪拌され
る。これにより、酸発酵槽内の有機物は速やかに可溶化
される。
（４）可溶化された有機物は、微生物反応により、最終
的には揮発性の低級脂肪酸（主に酢酸であり、その他酪
酸、プロピオン酸等）と炭酸ガス、硫化水素等に分解さ
れ、ガスは系外へ放出される。一方、有機物と微生物を
含んだ沈殿した汚泥は、槽内底部の、汚泥吹き飛ばし機
構として作用するポンプ１３と吹出口１４の働きにより
攪拌され、スクリュー式攪拌機３により均一化される。(3) Carbohydrates / proteins in garbage
High molecular weight organic substances such as lipids are pressure-fed to a charging pipe 8 provided at a side portion of the acid fermentation tank, and are directly fed into a draft tube 2 having a screw-type stirrer 3 having a vertical axis, and thus the microorganisms. It is efficiently mixed with sludge containing. As a result, the organic matter in the acid fermentation tank is quickly solubilized. (4) The solubilized organic matter is finally decomposed into volatile lower fatty acids (mainly acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, etc.), carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen sulfide, etc. by a microbial reaction, and the gas is Released outside the system. On the other hand, the settled sludge containing organic substances and microorganisms is agitated by the functions of the pump 13 and the outlet 14 which act as a sludge blowing mechanism at the bottom of the tank, and is homogenized by the screw agitator 3.
【００３３】（５）酸発酵槽内のガスと共に浮上してス
カムを生成しがちな汚泥は、酸発酵槽上部に設けられた
スカム生成防止溢出機構１８により溢出させられ、一部
はメタン発酵槽側へ送られるが、大部分は加温槽１２で
加温された後、ポンプ１３で槽内底部の吹出口１４から
吹き出されるようにして槽内に戻される。これにより汚
泥が均一化される。
（６）この結果、酸発酵槽内では有機酸が生成され、蓄
積されることによりｐＨが低下する。一方、酸発酵槽内
の最適な微生物環境はｐＨ＝５．０〜７．０である。そ
のため、ｐＨを調整する必要が生じる。本発明の装置で
は、ｐＨ調整剤として、アルカリを溶解装置３０と投入
ポンプ３２を利用してバッチ的に酸発酵槽内に送り込
む。ｐＨ調整剤は酸発酵槽内に設けられたドラフトチュ
ーブ２内に直接的に投入され、スクリュー式攪拌機３の
上向流により微生物を含んだ汚泥と効率よく攪拌され
る。(5) Sludge, which tends to float along with the gas in the acid fermentation tank to produce scum, is overflowed by a scum generation preventing overflow mechanism 18 provided in the upper portion of the acid fermentation tank, and a part of the sludge is produced. Most of it is heated in the heating tank 12 and then returned to the inside of the tank by being blown out from the outlet 14 at the bottom of the tank by the pump 13. This makes the sludge uniform. (6) As a result, the organic acid is generated and accumulated in the acid fermentation tank, and the pH is lowered. On the other hand, the optimum microbial environment in the acid fermenter is pH = 5.0 to 7.0. Therefore, it becomes necessary to adjust the pH. In the apparatus of the present invention, alkali is fed as a pH adjusting agent into the acid fermentation tank in a batch using the dissolving device 30 and the charging pump 32. The pH adjusting agent is directly charged into the draft tube 2 provided in the acid fermentation tank, and is efficiently stirred with the sludge containing microorganisms by the upward flow of the screw stirrer 3.
【００３４】（７）一方、微生物を活発に活動させるに
は、代謝物である生成した有機酸を速やかに酸発酵槽か
ら排出する必要が生じる。そのため、本発明の装置で
は、有機酸を酸発酵槽から押し出すことを目的として、
メタン発酵槽から固液分離装置などを用いて取り出した
脱離液を、酸発酵槽に送り込む装置としてポンプ７０を
設ける。脱離液は、酸発酵槽の有機酸濃度がある一定の
範囲になるような流量で送られる。酸発酵槽内のｐＨは
５．０〜７．０に保たれる。脱離液は酸発酵槽内に設け
られたドラフトチューブ２内に直接的に投入され、スク
リュー式攪拌機３の上向流により微生物を含んだ汚泥と
効率よく攪拌される。これにより、システム全体として
有機酸を速やかに酸発酵槽から排出することが可能にな
る。
（８）投入された有機性廃棄物・ｐＨ調整剤・脱離液に
より、酸発酵槽の汚泥と水と未分解有機物は、固液分離
槽３４へと水頭差により投入される。投入される汚泥と
未分解有機物には凝集調整槽２６で高分子凝集剤が添加
され、汚泥及び未分解有機物の固液分離の効率化がなさ
れる。固液分離槽３４で、沈降した汚泥と未分解有機物
は、汚泥返送ポンプ３６により酸発酵槽内のドラフトチ
ューブ２内に有機性廃棄物と共に直接的に投入され、ス
クリュー式攪拌機３の上向流により微生物を含んだ汚泥
と効率よく攪拌される。(7) On the other hand, in order to activate the microorganisms actively, it is necessary to promptly discharge the produced organic acid which is a metabolite from the acid fermentation tank. Therefore, in the device of the present invention, for the purpose of extruding the organic acid from the acid fermentation tank,
A pump 70 is provided as a device for feeding the desorbed liquid taken out from the methane fermentation tank using a solid-liquid separation device or the like to the acid fermentation tank. The desorbed liquid is sent at a flow rate such that the concentration of the organic acid in the acid fermentation tank is within a certain range. The pH in the acid fermenter is maintained at 5.0-7.0. The desorbed liquid is directly charged into the draft tube 2 provided in the acid fermentation tank, and is efficiently stirred with the sludge containing microorganisms by the upward flow of the screw stirrer 3. As a result, the organic acid can be promptly discharged from the acid fermentation tank as a whole system. (8) Sludge, water, and undecomposed organic matter in the acid fermentation tank are charged into the solid-liquid separation tank 34 due to the head difference due to the input organic waste, pH adjuster, and desorbed liquid. A polymer flocculant is added to the sludge and the undecomposed organic matter to be charged in the coagulation adjusting tank 26, so that the solid-liquid separation of the sludge and the undecomposed organic matter is made more efficient. The sludge settled in the solid-liquid separation tank 34 and the undecomposed organic matter are directly charged into the draft tube 2 in the acid fermentation tank together with the organic waste by the sludge return pump 36, and the upward flow of the screw-type agitator 3 is increased. As a result, it is efficiently mixed with sludge containing microorganisms.
【００３５】（９）また、ガスと共に浮上してスカムに
なった汚泥は、固液分離槽３４に設けられた回転式その
他周知のスカム除去機構４０により、槽内上部から排出
され、水、有機酸、有機酸塩、未分解可溶性及び不溶性
有機物と共にスカム貯留槽４２に蓄えられる。ここで脱
気したのち、スカム返送ポンプ４４により酸発酵槽内の
ドラフトチューブ２内に有機性廃棄物と共に直接的に投
入され、スクリュー式攪拌機３の上向き流により微生物
を含んだ汚泥と効率よく攪拌される。一方、固液分離槽
３４の中間部から引き抜かれる分離水は、水位調整槽４
１を経て分離液貯留槽４３に一時的に貯留された後、速
やかに水頭差またはポンプにより、メタン発酵槽内に設
けられたドラフトチューブ５２内に直接的に投入され、
スクリュー式攪拌機３の上向き流により、微生物を含ん
だ汚泥と効率よく攪拌される。
（１０）一方、固液分離槽７４における固液分離能力の
向上を目的として、粉末活性炭投入装置２２から配管２
４を介して粉末活性炭を系内あるいは発酵槽内に投入し
て、微生物の核とすることができる。これにより、固液
分離効率が向上する。(9) Further, the sludge that floats up with the gas and becomes scum is discharged from the upper part of the tank by a rotary type or other well-known scum removing mechanism 40 provided in the solid-liquid separation tank 34. It is stored in the scum storage tank 42 together with acid, organic acid salt, undegraded soluble and insoluble organic matter. After degassing here, the scum return pump 44 directly puts the organic waste into the draft tube 2 in the acid fermentation tank together with the organic waste, and efficiently stirs the sludge containing the microorganisms with the upward flow of the screw stirrer 3. To be done. On the other hand, the separated water drawn from the middle part of the solid-liquid separation tank 34 is the water level adjusting tank 4
After being temporarily stored in the separated liquid storage tank 43 via 1, it is immediately charged directly into the draft tube 52 provided in the methane fermentation tank by a head difference or a pump,
The upward flow of the screw-type stirrer 3 efficiently stirs the sludge containing microorganisms. (10) On the other hand, for the purpose of improving the solid-liquid separation capacity in the solid-liquid separation tank 74, the activated carbon powder feeding device 22 to the pipe 2
Powdered activated carbon can be charged into the system or the fermenter via 4 to serve as the nucleus of the microorganism. This improves solid-liquid separation efficiency.
【００３６】（１１）酸発酵槽１６から流出し、固液分
離槽３４により分離された分離水は、生ごみ量に応じた
揮発性の低級脂肪酸（酢酸・酪酸・プロピオン酸等）
と、有機酸塩と、可溶性・不溶性の未分解有機物を含ん
でいる。メタン発酵槽５０内は、微生物環境としてｐＨ
＝７．０〜８．０、温度は例えば３０〜３５℃あるいは
５０〜５５℃、ＯＲＰ＝−４００ｍＶ（概ね）以下であ
り、酸発酵槽とはｐＨ条件が異なる。アルカリにより塩
となった有機酸及び有機酸を含んだ分離水は、メタン発
酵槽内に設けられたドラフトチューブ２内に直接的に投
入され、スクリュー式攪拌機３の上向き流により、微生
物を含んだ汚泥と効率よく攪拌される。その結果、有機
酸と未分解有機物は、微生物反応によりガス化され、炭
酸ガス、硫化水素、メタンガス等に変換され、系外に排
出される。
（１２）系外に排出されたメタンガス等は、脱硫装置７
８により硫化水素が除かれる。その後、メタンガス等は
ガスホルダー７９に蓄えられた後、ボイラーの熱源等に
有効利用される。最終的には、メタンガス等は排気ブロ
ワ７７によって外部に排出される。この実施例では、発
酵槽内の加温に、電気ヒーター（ＥＨ）を用いている
が、発生したメタンガスを熱源として加温してもよい。(11) The separated water flowing out from the acid fermentation tank 16 and separated by the solid-liquid separation tank 34 is volatile lower fatty acid (acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, etc.) according to the amount of food waste.
And organic acid salts and soluble / insoluble undegraded organic matter. The inside of the methane fermentation tank 50 has a pH as a microbial environment.
= 7.0 to 8.0, the temperature is, for example, 30 to 35 ° C. or 50 to 55 ° C., ORP = −400 mV (generally) or less, and the pH condition is different from that of the acid fermentation tank. The organic acid salted by the alkali and the separated water containing the organic acid were directly charged into the draft tube 2 provided in the methane fermentation tank, and the microorganisms were contained by the upward flow of the screw stirrer 3. It is efficiently mixed with sludge. As a result, the organic acid and the undecomposed organic matter are gasified by the microbial reaction, converted into carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen sulfide, methane gas and the like, and discharged out of the system. (12) The methane gas discharged to the outside of the system is desulfurized by the desulfurization device 7
8 removes hydrogen sulfide. After that, methane gas or the like is stored in the gas holder 79 and then effectively used as a heat source or the like of the boiler. Finally, the methane gas and the like are discharged to the outside by the exhaust blower 77. In this embodiment, an electric heater (EH) is used to heat the inside of the fermentor, but the generated methane gas may be used as a heat source for heating.
【００３７】（１３）一方、有機物と微生物を含んだ沈
殿した汚泥は、槽内底部の汚泥吹き飛ばし機構として作
用するポンプ６４と吹出口６０の働きにより攪拌され、
スクリュー式攪拌機３により均一化される。
（１４）また、ガスと共に浮上してスカムになりがちな
汚泥は、メタン発酵槽上部に設けられたスカム生成防止
溢出機構５８により槽内から除去され、加温槽６２で加
温された後、ポンプ６４で槽内底部の吹出口６０から吹
き出すことによって均一化され、槽内に戻される。(13) On the other hand, the settled sludge containing organic substances and microorganisms is agitated by the functions of the pump 64 and the outlet 60 which act as a sludge blowing mechanism at the bottom of the tank.
It is homogenized by the screw type agitator 3. (14) Further, sludge that tends to float with gas and become scum is removed from the inside of the tank by the scum generation preventing overflow mechanism 58 provided at the upper part of the methane fermentation tank, and after being heated in the heating tank 62, It is made uniform by being blown out from the outlet 60 at the bottom of the tank by the pump 64, and returned to the inside of the tank.
【００３８】（１５）投入された有機性廃棄物・ｐＨ調
整剤・脱離液により、メタン発酵槽の汚泥と水と未分解
有機物は、固液分離槽７４へ水頭差により投入される。
投入される汚泥と未分解有機物には、事前に凝集調整槽
６６で高分子凝集剤が添加され、汚泥及び未分解有機物
の固液分離の効率化がなされる。固液分離槽７４にて、
沈降した汚泥と未分解有機物は、汚泥返送ポンプ７６に
よりメタン発酵槽内のドラフトチューブ５２内に、有機
酸、有機酸塩、及び未分解有機物を含んだ分離水と共に
直接的に投入され、スクリュー式攪拌機３により、微生
物を含んだ汚泥と効率よく攪拌される。
（１６）また、ガスと共に浮上してスカムになった汚泥
は、固液分離槽７４に設けられた回転式等のスカム除去
機構８０により槽内上部から排出され、水、有機酸、有
機酸塩、未分解可溶性及び不溶性有機物と共にスカム貯
留槽８２に蓄えられる。ここで脱気したのち、スカム返
送ポンプ８４により、メタン発酵槽内のドラフトチュー
ブ５２内に直接的に投入され、スクリュー式攪拌機３の
上向き流により、微生物を含んだ汚泥と効率よく攪拌さ
れる。(15) The sludge, water and undecomposed organic matter in the methane fermentation tank are introduced into the solid-liquid separation tank 74 by the difference in head due to the introduced organic waste, pH adjuster and desorbed liquid.
A high-molecular flocculant is added to the sludge and the undecomposed organic matter to be added in advance in the coagulation adjusting tank 66 to improve the efficiency of solid-liquid separation of the sludge and the undecomposed organic matter. In the solid-liquid separation tank 74,
The sludge that has settled and the undecomposed organic matter are directly charged by the sludge return pump 76 into the draft tube 52 in the methane fermentation tank together with the separated water containing the organic acid, the organic acid salt, and the undecomposed organic matter, and the screw type. The stirrer 3 efficiently stirs the sludge containing microorganisms. (16) Further, the sludge that has floated together with the gas and becomes scum is discharged from the upper part of the tank by a scum removing mechanism 80 such as a rotary type provided in the solid-liquid separation tank 74, and water, organic acid, and organic acid salt are discharged. , Undegraded soluble and insoluble organic matter are stored in the scum storage tank 82. After being deaerated here, the scum return pump 84 directly puts it into the draft tube 52 in the methane fermentation tank, and efficiently stirs it with the sludge containing microorganisms by the upward flow of the screw type agitator 3.
【００３９】（１７）一方、固液分離槽７４の中間部か
ら引き抜かれる分離水は、水位調整槽８１を経て分離液
貯留槽８３に一時的に貯留された後、一部は脱離液とし
てシステム返送ポンプ７０により酸発酵槽１０へ戻さ
れ、酸発酵槽内の有機酸押し出しと、ｐＨ調整のために
有効利用される。分離水の一部は、後処理設備８６で放
流基準を満足する水質に処理された後、下水道で放流処
理される。(17) On the other hand, the separated water withdrawn from the intermediate portion of the solid-liquid separation tank 74 is temporarily stored in the separated liquid storage tank 83 via the water level adjusting tank 81, and then a part of the separated water is used as desorbed liquid. It is returned to the acid fermentation tank 10 by the system return pump 70, and is effectively utilized for pushing out the organic acid in the acid fermentation tank and adjusting the pH. Part of the separated water is treated by the post-treatment facility 86 to have a water quality that satisfies the discharge standard, and then discharged by the sewer.
【００４０】[0040]
【発明の効果】以上詳細に説明した如く、本発明による
生ごみ減容化装置及び方法によれば、生ごみを微小に破
砕し発酵させることにより嫌気性処理を行う際に、発酵
槽内に発生する汚泥やスカムを効果的に処理し、メタン
ガス等と水から成る均一な排出物に減容化することが可
能となり、その技術的効果には極めて顕著なものがあ
る。As described in detail above, according to the apparatus and method for reducing the volume of food waste according to the present invention, when the anaerobic treatment is performed by crushing and fermenting the food waste minutely, It becomes possible to effectively treat the generated sludge and scum and reduce the volume into a uniform discharge of methane gas and water, and the technical effect is extremely remarkable.
【図１】本発明の第１の態様による生ごみ減容化装置の
概略図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a food waste volume reducing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の第２の態様による生ごみ減容化装置の
概略図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a food waste volume reducing device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】汚泥吹出口を表す平面図と断面図である。FIG. 3 is a plan view and a sectional view showing a sludge outlet.
【図４】本発明の第３の態様による生ごみ減容化装置の
概略図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a food waste volume reducing device according to a third aspect of the present invention.
【図５】スカム生成防止溢出機構を表す平面図と断面図
である。5A and 5B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing a scum generation preventing overflow mechanism.
【図６】本発明の第４の態様による生ごみ減容化装置の
概略図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a food waste volume reducing device according to a fourth aspect of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の第５の態様による生ごみ減容化システ
ムの概略図である。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a food waste volume reduction system according to a fifth aspect of the present invention.
【図８】本発明の実施例による生ごみ減容化システムの
左半分を表す回路図である。FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing the left half of the food waste volume reduction system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】本発明の実施例による生ごみ減容化システムの
右半分を表す回路図である。FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing the right half of the food waste volume reduction system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
【図１０】従来の発酵槽の汚泥沈殿状態を表す平面図と
断面図である。FIG. 10 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing a sludge sedimentation state of a conventional fermentation tank.
【図１１】従来の発酵槽のスカム集積状態を表す側断面
図である。FIG. 11 is a side cross-sectional view showing a scum integrated state of a conventional fermenter.
１，１５ 発酵槽 ２ ドラフトチューブ ３ 攪拌機 ５ 原料貯留タンク ７ 原料投入ポンプ ８，５２ 投入管 １０ バイパス出口 １１ バイパス回路 １３，６４ ポンプ １４，６０ 吹出口 １６ 酸発酵槽 １８，５８ スカム生成防止溢出機構 ２２ 粉末活性炭投入部 ２４ 活性炭投入回路 ５０ メタン発酵槽 ７０ 脱離液返送ボンプ 1,15 fermenter 2 Draft tube 3 stirrer 5 Raw material storage tank 7 Raw material input pump 8,52 input pipe 10 Bypass exit 11 Bypass circuit 13,64 pumps 14,60 outlet 16 acid fermenter 18,58 Scum generation prevention overflow mechanism 22 Powder activated carbon charging section 24 Activated carbon charging circuit 50 methane fermenter 70 Desorption solution return pump
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 塚本 将朗 東京都新宿区四谷２丁目４番地 新菱冷 熱工業株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開2001−327989（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開2000−246278（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平11−128987（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平10−235315（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平９−1118（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭54−73188（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) B09B 3/00 C02F 3/28 - 3/34 101 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Masao Tsukamoto 2-4, Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Shinryo Corporation (56) References JP 2001-327989 (JP, A) JP 2000 -246278 (JP, A) JP 11-128987 (JP, A) JP 10-235315 (JP, A) JP 9-1118 (JP, A) JP 54-73188 (JP, A) ) (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) B09B 3/00 C02F 3/28-3/34 101
Claims (7)
後の有機性廃棄物を発酵槽を用いて減容化する装置であ
って、 有機性廃棄物を投入するタンクと、 発酵槽と、 前記発酵槽内で鉛直方向に延伸しかつ中央に縦型のスク
リュー式攪拌機を内蔵するドラフトチューブと、 前記発酵槽の側壁を貫通して前記ドラフトチューブの側
部に連結される投入管と、 前記タンクから有機性廃棄物を前記投入管へと圧送する
ポンプとを備えることを特徴とする生ごみ減容化装置。1. A device for reducing the volume of organic waste after removing foreign matter from raw garbage and crushing it by using a fermenter, comprising a tank for introducing the organic waste, and a fermenter. A draft tube that extends vertically in the fermenter and has a vertical screw-type stirrer in the center, and a charging pipe that penetrates a side wall of the fermenter and is connected to a side portion of the draft tube, An apparatus for reducing the volume of food waste, comprising: a pump that pressure-feeds organic waste from the tank to the input pipe.
後の有機性廃棄物を発酵槽を用いて減容化する装置であ
って、 発酵槽と、 前記発酵槽内で鉛直方向に延伸しかつ中央に縦型のスク
リュー式攪拌機を内蔵するドラフトチューブと、 前記発酵槽の側壁に設けたバイパス出口と、 前記発酵槽の底部に設けた吹出口と、 前記バイパス出口から前記吹出口までの接続回路と、 前記接続回路中に設けたポンプとを備え、 前記バイパス出口から発酵槽の内容物の一部を流出させ
前記吹出口から槽内に吹き出させて発酵槽の底部に蓄積
される汚泥を吹き飛ばして攪拌することを特徴とする生
ごみ減容化装置。2. A device for reducing the volume of organic waste after removing foreign matter from raw garbage and crushing it by using a fermenter, the fermenter being vertically stretched in the fermenter. And a central draft tube with a vertical screw stirrer, a bypass outlet provided on the side wall of the fermentation tank, a blow outlet provided at the bottom of the fermentation tank, from the bypass outlet to the blow outlet A sludge accumulated at the bottom of the fermentation tank, comprising a connection circuit and a pump provided in the connection circuit, wherein a part of the contents of the fermentation tank is caused to flow out from the bypass outlet and blown out into the tank from the outlet. A device for reducing the volume of food waste that blows away and stirs.
後の有機性廃棄物を発酵槽を用いて減容化する装置であ
って、 発酵槽と、 前記発酵槽内で鉛直方向に延伸しかつ中央に縦型のスク
リュー式攪拌機を内蔵するドラフトチューブと、 前記発酵槽の上端に形成したくびれ部分と、 前記くびれ部分を覆うように設置したスカム生成防止溢
出機構とを備え、 前記スカム生成防止溢出機構は発酵槽の上端から内容物
を溢出させることによりスカムの生成を防止しているこ
とを特徴とする生ごみ減容化装置。3. A device for reducing the volume of organic waste after removing foreign matter from raw garbage and crushing it by using a fermenter, the fermenter being vertically stretched in the fermenter. And a draft tube having a vertical screw stirrer in the center, a constricted portion formed at the upper end of the fermentation tank, and a scum generation prevention overflow mechanism installed so as to cover the constricted portion, and the scum generation The preventive overflow mechanism prevents the production of scum by causing the contents to overflow from the upper end of the fermenter, which is a garbage reduction device.
後の有機性廃棄物を発酵槽を用いて減容化する装置であ
って、 有機性廃棄物を投入するタンクと、 発酵槽と、 前記発酵槽の側壁に連結される投入管と、 前記タンクから有機性廃棄物を前記投入管へと圧送する
ポンプと、 前記タンク又は前記発酵槽あるいはこれらの系内に粉末
活性炭を投入するための活性炭投入回路とを備え、 粉末活性炭の投入により汚泥の凝集を促進させることを
特徴とする生ごみ減容化装置。4. A device for reducing the volume of organic waste after removing foreign matter from raw garbage and crushing it by using a fermenter, comprising a tank for introducing the organic waste, and a fermenter. , A charging pipe connected to the side wall of the fermenter, a pump for pumping organic waste from the tank to the charging pipe, and for charging powdered activated carbon into the tank or the fermenter or a system thereof. An apparatus for reducing the volume of food waste, which is equipped with the activated carbon charging circuit of, and promotes coagulation of sludge by charging powdered activated carbon.
後の有機性廃棄物を酸発酵槽を用いて有機酸に変換しメ
タン発酵槽を用いて嫌気性処理し減容化する方法であっ
て、 有機性廃棄物をポンプにより酸発酵槽内へ圧送し、 酸発酵槽内部に設けた鉛直軸線を有するスクリュー式攪
拌機で槽内の有機性廃棄物を底部から頂部へと上向きに
移送し、 酸発酵槽の上部に設けたスカム生成防止溢出機構から有
機性廃棄物を溢出させ、 溢出した有機性廃棄物の一部をメタン発酵槽へと移送す
ると共に、残りの一部を酸発酵槽の底部に設けた吹出口
から槽内に吹き出させて酸発酵槽の底部に蓄積される汚
泥を吹き飛ばして攪拌し、 メタン発酵槽の槽内へと酸発酵槽から送られてきた有機
性廃棄物を圧送し、 メタン発酵槽内部に設けた鉛直軸線を有するスクリュー
式攪拌機で槽内の有機性廃棄物を底部から頂部へと上向
きに移送し、 メタン発酵槽の上部に設けたスカム生成防止溢出機構か
ら有機性廃棄物を溢出させ、 溢出した有機性廃棄物の一部を系外へと移送すると共
に、残りの一部をメタン発酵槽の底部に設けた吹出口か
ら槽内に吹き出させてメタン発酵槽の底部に蓄積される
汚泥を吹き飛ばして攪拌することを特徴とする生ごみの
減容化方法。5. A method of reducing the volume of an organic waste after removing impurities from raw garbage and crushing the organic waste by converting it into an organic acid using an acid fermentation tank and anaerobically treating it using a methane fermentation tank. Therefore, the organic waste is pumped into the acid fermentation tank by a pump, and the screw-type stirrer with a vertical axis installed inside the acid fermentation tank transfers the organic waste in the tank upward from the bottom to the top. The organic waste is spilled from the scum generation prevention overflow mechanism installed at the top of the acid fermentation tank, and part of the overflowed organic waste is transferred to the methane fermentation tank, while the remaining part is acid fermentation tank. The organic waste sent from the acid fermentation tank into the tank of the methane fermentation tank by blowing out the sludge accumulated at the bottom of the acid fermentation tank from the outlet provided at the bottom of the tank and stirring it. Of the vertical axis line installed inside the methane fermentation tank. The crew type agitator transfers the organic waste in the tank upwards from the bottom to the top, and the scum generation prevention overflow mechanism provided at the top of the methane fermentation tank causes the organic waste to overflow. Part of the methane fermentation tank is transferred to the outside of the system, and the remaining part is blown out into the tank from the outlet provided at the bottom of the methane fermentation tank, and the sludge accumulated at the bottom of the methane fermentation tank is blown off and stirred. A method for reducing the volume of food waste.
酸発酵槽内に送り込んで有機酸を酸発酵槽から押し出す
ようにする請求項５記載の方法。6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the desorbed liquid flowing out from the methane fermentation tank is fed into the acid fermentation tank to extrude the organic acid from the acid fermentation tank.
いは系内に粉末活性炭を投入して微生物の核とする請求
項５記載の方法。7. The method according to claim 5, wherein powdered activated carbon is charged into the acid fermentation tank and / or the methane fermentation tank or into the system to be the nucleus of the microorganism.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10358399A1 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2005-07-07 | Linde-Kca-Dresden Gmbh | Biological treatment of wastewater, sewage sludge or waste suspension in bioreactor, by feeding fluid in area of suspension fill level to cause rotary flow of surface of suspension and/or of top scum floating on surface of suspension |
| JP4350495B2 (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2009-10-21 | 住友重機械エンバイロメント株式会社 | Organic sludge volume reduction device and wastewater treatment device |
| JP4902468B2 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2012-03-21 | 三菱化工機株式会社 | Organic waste processing apparatus and processing method |
| JP4902471B2 (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2012-03-21 | 三菱化工機株式会社 | Ammonia removing apparatus and organic waste processing apparatus and processing method using the same |
| JP5217007B2 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2013-06-19 | 株式会社関根産業 | Garbage disposal equipment |
| JP2012135705A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2012-07-19 | Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha Ltd | Method and apparatus for anaerobic digestion treatment |
| KR101952640B1 (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2019-02-27 | 김광양 | Apparatus and method for mass treatment of organic waste |
| US20230207847A1 (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-29 | Black & Veatch Holding Company | Integrated waste reduction system |
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