JP3317662B2 - Excavated soil volume measurement system and method in shield method and excavation control system and method using these - Google Patents
Excavated soil volume measurement system and method in shield method and excavation control system and method using theseInfo
- Publication number
- JP3317662B2 JP3317662B2 JP29046897A JP29046897A JP3317662B2 JP 3317662 B2 JP3317662 B2 JP 3317662B2 JP 29046897 A JP29046897 A JP 29046897A JP 29046897 A JP29046897 A JP 29046897A JP 3317662 B2 JP3317662 B2 JP 3317662B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- excavated
- amount
- excavation
- dry sand
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、シールド工法にお
ける掘削土量測定システムおよび方法並びにこれらを用
いた掘削制御システムおよび方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a system and method for measuring the amount of excavated soil in a shield method and an excavation control system and method using the same.
【０００２】[0002]
【背景技術】都市トンネル等の施工法としてシールド工
法が広く用いられているが、このシールド工法において
は、切羽の安定を図るため、前方探査や掘削土量の測定
等により、切羽の状況を把握し、適切に掘削制御するこ
とが必要である。[Background Art] The shield method is widely used as a construction method for urban tunnels, etc. In this shield method, in order to stabilize the face, the situation of the face is grasped by exploring forward and measuring the amount of excavated soil. It is necessary to control the excavation properly.
【０００３】掘削制御の指標となる指標掘削土量を求め
る方法として、掘進前に１００〜２００ｍ毎に掘進経路
のボーリング調査を行い、土質を判別し、指標掘削土量
としての理論掘削乾砂量を求める方法がある。As a method of obtaining an index excavated soil amount as an index of excavation control, a boring survey of an excavation route is performed every 100 to 200 m before excavation to determine a soil quality, and a theoretical excavated dry sand amount as an index excavated soil amount. There is a way to ask.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】この方法では、ボーリ
ング調査する地点の間の土質判別は推定で行っており、
土質の変化が激しい場合、正確な理論掘削乾砂量を求め
ることが困難であり、適切な切羽管理が行えない状況と
もなりうるといった問題点があった。また、調査区間を
短くするとコストが増大してしまう。According to this method, the determination of the soil quality between the points to be drilled is performed by estimation.
When the soil changes drastically, it is difficult to obtain an accurate theoretical dry sand amount, and there is a problem that appropriate face management may not be performed. Further, if the survey section is shortened, the cost increases.
【０００５】本発明は、このような課題に鑑みなされた
ものであり、その目的は、切羽の掘削断面の土質構成の
判別をリアルタイムに行い、正確な指標掘削土量を求
め、適切な掘削制御が行える、シールド工法における掘
削土量測定システムおよび方法並びにこれらを用いた掘
削制御システムおよび方法を提供することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to determine the excavated cross section of a face in real time, determine an accurate index excavated soil amount, and perform appropriate excavation control. It is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for measuring the amount of excavated soil in a shield method, and an excavation control system and method using the same.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記目的を達成するた
め、本発明に係る掘削土量測定システムは、切羽に対し
て電磁波を送受信する電磁波送受信手段と、前記電磁波
の受信結果に基づき、切羽の掘削断面の土質を判別する
土質判別手段と、前記土質判別結果に基づき、前記掘削
断面を構成する各土質の掘削断面に占める割合を求め、
掘削制御の指標となる掘削土量を演算する指標掘削土量
演算手段と、を有することを特徴とする。In order to achieve the above object, an excavated soil volume measuring system according to the present invention comprises: an electromagnetic wave transmitting / receiving means for transmitting / receiving electromagnetic waves to / from a face; Soil discriminating means for discriminating the soil quality of the excavated section, and, based on the result of the soil discrimination, determine the ratio of each soil constituting the excavated section to the excavated section,
Index excavated soil amount calculating means for calculating an excavated soil amount serving as an index for excavation control.
【０００７】本発明によれば、掘削に伴って電磁波の送
受信を繰り返し行い、切羽の掘削断面の土質を判別する
ことにより、切羽の掘削断面に占める土質の割合をリア
ルタイムに求めることができる。さらに、この土質割合
からリアルタイムに指標掘削土量を求めることができ
る。[0007] According to the present invention, the ratio of the soil occupied in the excavated section of the face can be determined in real time by repeatedly transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves in accordance with the excavation and determining the soil quality of the excavated section of the face. Further, the index excavated soil amount can be obtained in real time from the soil ratio.
【０００８】また、前記掘削土量測定システムは、各土
質の性状を記憶する土質性状記憶手段を有し、前記指標
掘削土量演算手段は、前記土質判別結果および前記各土
質の性状に基づき前記指標掘削土量を演算してもよい。Further, the excavated soil amount measuring system has soil property storage means for storing the properties of each soil property, and the index excavated soil quantity calculating means is adapted to calculate the excavated soil quantity based on the soil discrimination result and the properties of each soil property. The index excavated soil amount may be calculated.
【０００９】本発明によれば、あらかじめ各土質の性状
を記憶することにより、各土質に応じて短時間かつ正確
に指標掘削土量を求めることができる。According to the present invention, the index excavated soil amount can be obtained in a short time and accurately according to each soil type by storing the properties of each soil type in advance.
【００１０】なお、各土質の性状を、掘削前にあらかじ
めボーリング調査等により、把握しておくことが好まし
い。It is preferable that the properties of each soil be grasped in advance by a boring survey or the like before excavation.
【００１１】また、前記掘削土量測定システムにおい
て、前記電磁波送受信手段は、シールド機の面板に配置
されて前記電磁波の送受信を行う送信アンテナおよび受
信アンテナを含んで構成され、前記土質判別手段は、前
記面板の回転角度を測定する角度測定部と、前記受信ア
ンテナの受信信号に含まれる表面伝播波に基づき切羽の
掘削断面の土質を判別する土質判別部を含んで構成さ
れ、前記指標掘削土量演算手段は、前記回転角度と前記
土質判別結果とに基づき、各土質の掘削断面に占める割
合を示す土質構成データを作成する土質構成データ作成
部と、前記土質構成データを記憶する土質構成データ記
憶部と、を含んで構成されてもよい。In the above-mentioned excavated soil volume measuring system,
The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving means includes a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna arranged on a face plate of the shield machine for transmitting and receiving the electromagnetic waves, and the soil determination means includes an angle measuring unit for measuring a rotation angle of the face plate. And a soil determination unit configured to determine the soil quality of the excavated cross section of the face based on a surface propagation wave included in a reception signal of the reception antenna. The index excavated soil amount calculation unit includes the rotation angle and the soil determination. Based on the result, a soil composition data creating unit that creates soil composition data indicating a ratio of each soil to an excavated cross section, and a soil composition data storage unit that stores the soil composition data may be included. .
【００１２】本発明によれば、送信アンテナからの表面
伝播波を、前記送信アンテナとは異なる位置に配置され
た受信アンテナを用いて受信することにより、掘削断面
の土質を正確に判別することができる。さらに、面板の
回転角度を測定し、この測定結果と前記土質判別結果と
に基づき、指標掘削土量演算手段を用いて、土量を演算
して記憶することにより、掘削断面に占める各土質の割
合を正確に把握することができる。According to the present invention, the surface propagation wave from the transmitting antenna is received by using the receiving antenna arranged at a position different from the transmitting antenna, whereby the soil quality of the excavated section can be accurately determined. it can. Further, the rotation angle of the face plate is measured, and based on the measurement result and the soil determination result, the soil volume is calculated and stored by using the index excavated soil volume calculating means, whereby each soil volume occupying the excavated cross section is calculated. The ratio can be accurately grasped.
【００１３】また、前記掘削土量測定システムにおい
て、前記指標掘削土量は、理論掘削乾砂量であり、前記
性状は、間隙率であってもよい。[0013] Further, in the excavated soil volume measuring system,
Te, the index excavated soil amount is a theoretical drilling dry sand amount, the property may be I porosity der.
【００１４】本発明によれば、ある掘削時点における掘
削断面を構成する各土質毎に、（掘削断面に占める割
合）と、（掘削断面積）と、（掘削ストローク長）と、
（１−間隙率）との積を演算することにより、各土質の
理論掘削乾砂量を求めることができる。したがって、掘
削断面が複数の土質から構成されている場合であって
も、前記各土質の理論掘削乾砂量を合計することによ
り、掘削断面に対する理論掘削乾砂量を正確に求めるこ
とができる。According to the present invention, for each of the soils constituting the excavation cross section at a certain excavation time, (the ratio of the excavation cross section), (the excavation cross section area), (the excavation stroke length),
By calculating the product of (1−porosity), the theoretical excavated dry sand amount of each soil can be obtained. Therefore, even if the excavated section is composed of a plurality of soils, the theoretical excavated dry sand amount for the excavated section can be accurately obtained by summing the theoretical excavated dry sand amounts of the respective soil types.
【００１５】また、本発明に係る掘削制御システムは、
送排泥水の流量および泥水性状を測定する泥水測定手段
と、前記泥水測定結果に基づき、実測掘削乾砂量を演算
する実測掘削土量演算手段と、を含んで構成される実測
掘削土量測定システムと、上記掘削土量測定システム
と、を有し、前記理論掘削乾砂量および前記実測掘削乾
砂量に基づき、掘削機の制御を行うことを特徴とする。Further, the excavation control system according to the present invention comprises:
Measuring excavated soil volume measurement including muddy water measuring means for measuring the flow rate and muddy water condition of the sending and discharging muddy water, and actual measuring excavated soil volume calculating means for calculating the measured excavated dry sand amount based on the muddy water measurement result and the system has, and the excavated soil volume measuring system, based on said theoretical drilling dry sand amount and the actual excavation dry sand quantity, and performs control of the excavator.
【００１６】本発明によれば、掘削断面の土質判別をリ
アルタイムに行い、正確な理論掘削乾砂量を求め、掘削
断面に対する理論掘削乾砂量と実測掘削乾砂量とを比較
することにより、適切な掘削制御が行えているか判断で
きる。この判断結果に基づき、掘削機の制御を行うこと
により、リアルタイムかつ適切に掘削制御できる。According to the present invention, the soil quality of the excavated section is determined in real time, an accurate theoretical excavated dry sand amount is obtained, and the theoretical excavated dry sand amount for the excavated cross section is compared with the actually measured excavated dry sand amount. It can be determined whether appropriate excavation control is performed. By controlling the excavator based on this determination result, excavation control can be appropriately performed in real time.
【００１７】また、本発明に係る掘削土量測定方法は、
切羽に対して電磁波を送受信する電磁波送受信工程と、
前記電磁波の受信結果に基づき、切羽の掘削断面の土質
を判別する土質判別工程と、前記土質判別結果に基づ
き、前記掘削断面を構成する各土質の掘削断面に占める
割合を示す土質構成データを作成し、掘削制御の指標と
なる掘削土量を演算する指標掘削土量演算工程と、を有
することを特徴とする。Further, the method for measuring the amount of excavated soil according to the present invention comprises:
An electromagnetic wave transmitting / receiving step of transmitting / receiving electromagnetic waves to / from the face,
A soil determination step of determining the soil quality of the excavated cross section of the face based on the reception result of the electromagnetic waves, and creating soil configuration data indicating a ratio of each soil constituting the excavated cross section to the excavated cross section based on the soil determination result. And an index excavated soil amount calculating step of calculating an excavated soil amount serving as an index of excavation control.
【００１８】本発明によれば、掘削に伴って電磁波の送
受信を繰り返し行い、切羽の掘削断面の土質を判別する
ことにより、切羽の掘削断面に占める土質の割合をリア
ルタイムに求めることができる。さらに、この土質割合
からリアルタイムに指標掘削土量を求めることができ
る。According to the present invention, the ratio of the soil occupied in the excavated cross section of the face can be determined in real time by repeatedly transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves in accordance with the excavation and determining the soil quality of the excavated cross section of the face. Further, the index excavated soil amount can be obtained in real time from the soil ratio.
【００１９】また、前記掘削土量測定方法は、あらかじ
め掘削断面に存在する各土質の性状を記憶する土質性状
記憶工程を有し、前記指標掘削土量演算工程は、前記土
質構成データおよび前記各土質の性状に基づき、前記指
標掘削土量を演算してもよい。Further, the method for measuring the amount of excavated soil includes a soil property storing step of storing the properties of each soil existing in the excavated section in advance. The index excavated soil amount may be calculated based on the properties of the soil.
【００２０】本発明によれば、あらかじめ各土質の性状
を記憶することにより、各土質に応じて短時間かつ正確
に指標掘削土量を求めることができる。According to the present invention, the index excavated soil amount can be obtained in a short time and accurately according to each soil type by storing the properties of each soil type in advance.
【００２１】なお、各土質の性状を、掘削前にあらかじ
めボーリング調査等により、把握しておくことが好まし
い。It is preferable that the properties of each soil be grasped in advance by a boring survey or the like before excavation.
【００２２】また、前記掘削土量測定方法において、前
記指標掘削土量演算工程は、１リング掘削毎に少なくと
も１掘削断面分の前記土質構成データを作成してもよ
い。In the method for measuring the amount of excavated soil, the step of calculating the amount of excavated soil may include preparing the soil composition data for at least one excavated cross section every time one ring is excavated .
No.
【００２３】１リング掘削中に掘削断面の土質構成が急
激に変化することもある。本発明によれば、このような
場合も１リング掘削中に掘削に伴って複数の土質構成デ
ータを作成でき、変化に応じて適切な土質構成データが
得られるため、より適切な掘削乾砂量測定ができる。During the excavation of one ring, the soil composition of the excavated cross section may suddenly change. According to the present invention, even in such a case, a plurality of soil composition data can be created along with the excavation during one ring excavation, and appropriate soil composition data can be obtained according to the change. Can measure.
【００２４】また、前記掘削土量測定方法において、前
記指標掘削土量演算工程は、１リング分の掘削中に前記
土質構成が不規則に変化する場合、前記土質構成データ
の平均値に基づき、掘削土量を演算してもよい。In the method for measuring the amount of excavated soil, the step of calculating the amount of excavated soil may be performed based on an average value of the soil composition data when the soil composition changes irregularly during excavation of one ring. The excavated soil amount may be calculated.
【００２５】掘進速度により異なるが、１リング掘進中
に切羽の探査は数回、例えば１０回程度行われるため、
掘削断面の土質構成が不規則に変化する場合は適用する
土質構成データにより、得られた土質構成が実際のもの
と大きく異なってしまう可能性もある。本発明によれ
ば、このような場合でも土質構成データの平均値に基づ
き、理論掘削乾砂量を演算することにより、実際の土質
構成に近い土質構成として判別し、正確な理論掘削乾砂
量を求め、最適な掘削乾砂量測定を行うことができる。Although it depends on the excavation speed, the exploration of the face is performed several times, for example, about 10 times during the excavation of one ring.
When the soil composition of the excavated cross section changes irregularly, the obtained soil composition may greatly differ from the actual one depending on the applied soil composition data. According to the present invention, even in such a case, by calculating the theoretical excavation dry sand amount based on the average value of the soil excavation data, it is determined that the soil composition is close to the actual soil configuration, and the accurate theoretical excavation dry sand amount is determined. , And the optimum excavated dry sand amount can be measured.
【００２６】また、前記掘削土量測定方法において、前
記指標掘削土量演算工程は、１リング分の掘削中に前記
土質構成が徐々に変化する場合、前記土質構成データの
最新値に基づき、掘削土量を演算してもよい。In the method for measuring the amount of excavated soil, the step of calculating the amount of excavated soil may be performed based on the latest value of the soil composition data when the soil composition gradually changes during excavation of one ring. The soil volume may be calculated.
【００２７】本発明によれば、掘削断面の土質構成が徐
々に変化する場合、得られた土質構成データの最新値を
適用することにより掘削する土質構成に最も近い土質構
成を判別することができるため、正確な理論掘削乾砂量
を求め、最適な掘削制御を行うことができる。According to the present invention, when the soil composition of the excavated cross section changes gradually, the latest soil data of the obtained soil composition can be applied to determine the soil composition closest to the excavated soil composition. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an accurate theoretical excavated dry sand amount and perform optimal excavation control.
【００２８】また、前記掘削土量測定方法において、前
記掘削土量は、理論掘削乾砂量であり、前記性状は、間
隙率であってもよい。Further, in the excavated soil amount measuring method, the excavated soil amount, the theoretical drilling dry sand weight, the property may be I porosity der.
【００２９】本発明によれば、ある掘削時点における掘
削断面を構成する各土質毎に、（掘削断面に占める割
合）と、（掘削断面積）と、（掘削ストローク長）と、
（１−間隙率）との積を演算することにより、各土質の
理論掘削乾砂量を求めることができる。したがって、掘
削断面が複数の土質から構成されている場合であって
も、前記各土質の理論掘削乾砂量を合計することによ
り、掘削断面に対する理論掘削乾砂量を正確に求めるこ
とができる。According to the present invention, (the ratio of the excavation cross section), (the excavation cross section area), (the excavation stroke length),
By calculating the product of (1−porosity), the theoretical excavated dry sand amount of each soil can be obtained. Therefore, even if the excavated section is composed of a plurality of soils, the theoretical excavated dry sand amount for the excavated section can be accurately obtained by summing the theoretical excavated dry sand amounts of the respective soil types.
【００３０】また、本発明に係る掘削制御方法は、上記
掘削土量測定方法を用いた理論掘削乾砂量測定工程と、
送排泥水の流量および性状を測定する泥水測定工程と、
前記測定した送排泥水の流量および性状に基づき、実測
掘削乾砂量を演算する実測掘削乾砂量演算工程と、前記
理論掘削乾砂量および前記実測掘削乾砂量に基づき、シ
ールド機の制御を行う工程と、を有することを特徴とす
る。Further, the excavation control method according to the present invention comprises: a theoretical excavation dry sand amount measurement step using the above excavated soil amount measurement method;
Muddy water measuring process of measuring the flow rate and properties of the muddy water
Based on the measured flow rate and properties of the supplied and discharged mud water, an actually measured excavated dry sand amount calculating step of calculating an actually measured excavated dry sand amount, and controlling the shield machine based on the theoretical excavated dry sand amount and the actually measured excavated dry sand amount. And performing the following.
【００３１】本発明によれば、掘削断面の土質判別をリ
アルタイムに行い、正確な理論掘削乾砂量を求め、掘削
断面に対する理論掘削乾砂量と実測掘削乾砂量とを比較
することにより、適切な掘削制御が行えているか判断で
きる。この判断結果に基づき、掘削機の制御を行うこと
により、リアルタイムかつ適切に掘削制御できる。According to the present invention, the soil quality of an excavated section is determined in real time, an accurate theoretical excavated dry sand amount is obtained, and the theoretical excavated dry sand amount for the excavated cross section is compared with the actually measured excavated dry sand amount. It can be determined whether appropriate excavation control is performed. By controlling the excavator based on this determination result, excavation control can be appropriately performed in real time.
【００３２】[0032]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明をシールド工法、特
に泥水式シールド工法に適用した好適な実施の形態につ
いて、図面を参照しつつ詳細に説明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments in which the present invention is applied to a shield method, particularly a muddy water shield method, will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
【００３３】図１は、シールド掘削システムの概略図を
示す。泥水式シールド工法においては、地上設備からの
送泥水を、送泥管１６を介して面板２０、シールド１０
および隔壁１２により囲まれたチャンバー１４に供給
し、切羽２２の安定を図りながら掘削し、発生した掘削
土を含む排泥水を、排泥ポンプ７０で圧送し、排泥管１
８を介して地上設備に送り返しつつ、トンネル６を構築
する。この場合、切羽２２の安定を図るため、切羽２２
の土質を把握し、適切にシールド機８を制御することが
必要である。FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a shield drilling system. In the muddy water shield method, muddy water from ground equipment is supplied to the face plate 20 and the shield 10 through a mud pipe 16.
And the excavated soil containing the excavated soil is pumped by a mud pump 70 to excavate while stabilizing the face 22.
The tunnel 6 is constructed while being sent back to the ground equipment via 8. In this case, in order to stabilize the face 22,
It grip the soil bunch, it is necessary to appropriately control the shield machine 8.
【００３４】切羽２２の土質把握のため、図２に示すよ
うに、掘削前に調査地点１００−１、１００−２、１０
０−３と数百ｍ間隔で掘削予定経路の各地点Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ
をボーリング調査する手法も採られる。しかし、この手
法では、調査したＣ点では細砂層と判断したにも関わら
ず、実際に掘削するとＤ点のように急に礫層が現れたと
いったように、土質状況が急激に変化する場合、適切に
シールド機８を制御することができず、切羽２２の管理
が困難となるといった事態も起こりうる。As shown in FIG. 2, before the excavation, the survey points 100-1, 100-2, 10-2
Each point A, B, C on the planned excavation route at intervals of several hundred meters with 0-3
A method of boring surveys is also adopted. However, according to this method, when the soil condition changes suddenly, such as when a gravel layer suddenly appears as in point D when actually excavating, despite the judgment of a fine sand layer at the surveyed point C, It is possible that the shield machine 8 cannot be appropriately controlled, and that the management of the face 22 becomes difficult.
【００３５】本実施の形態では、切羽２２の土質の把握
方法として、電磁波を送受信する手法を用い、掘削制御
の指標となる指標掘削土量の測定をほぼリアルタイムで
行う。ここで、指標掘削土量とは、例えば理論掘削乾砂
量である。そして、実測掘削乾砂量をほぼリアルタイム
で測定し、これら理論および実測掘削乾砂量の測定結果
に基づき、シールド機８を制御することにより、土質状
況が急激に変化する場合でも、適切にシールド機８を制
御することができる。In the present embodiment, as a method of grasping the soil quality of the face 22, a technique of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves is used, and the measurement of the index excavated soil amount, which is an index of excavation control, is performed almost in real time. Here, the index excavated soil amount is, for example, a theoretical excavated dry sand amount. Then, the actually measured excavated dry sand amount is measured in almost real time, and the shield machine 8 is controlled based on these theories and the measured excavated dry sand amount. Machine 8 can be controlled.
【００３６】図３は、理論掘削乾砂量を測定する手順を
示すフローチャートである。まず、掘削前にあらかじめ
各土質の性状を記憶しておく（ステップ２）。土質の性
状としては、含水率、間隙率等がある。なお、土質の性
状は、トンネル掘削前のボーリング調査等にとり、あら
かじめ把握しておくことが好ましい。FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the procedure for measuring the theoretical excavated dry sand amount. First, the properties of each soil are stored in advance before excavation (step 2). Soil properties include moisture content, porosity, and the like. In addition, it is preferable to grasp the properties of the soil in advance in a boring survey or the like before tunnel excavation.
【００３７】次に、掘削の進行（ステップ４）とともに
切羽２２に対して電磁波の送受信を繰り返し行い（ステ
ップ６）、電磁波の受信結果に基づき、切羽２２の掘削
断面の土質を判別する土質判別を行う（ステップ８）。
これと併せて面板２０の回転角度も測定しておく（ステ
ップ１０）。Next, as the excavation progresses (step 4), the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves to and from the face 22 are repeated (step 6). Based on the result of the reception of the electromagnetic waves, the soil quality of the excavated cross section of the face 22 is determined. Perform (step 8).
At the same time, the rotation angle of the face plate 20 is also measured (step 10).
【００３８】次に、土質判別結果と角度測定結果に基づ
き、掘削断面を構成する各土質の掘削断面に占める割合
を示す土質構成データを作成、記憶する（ステップ１
２、１４）。Next, based on the soil determination result and the angle measurement result, soil composition data indicating the ratio of each soil constituting the excavated section to the excavated section is created and stored (step 1).
2, 14).
【００３９】次に、この土質構成データおよび前記各土
質の性状に基づき、掘削制御の指標掘削土量としての理
論掘削乾砂量を演算する（ステップ１６）。Next, the theoretical excavated dry sand amount is calculated as an index excavated soil amount for excavation control on the basis of the soil composition data and the properties of each soil (step 16).
【００４０】以下、指標掘削土量の測定について詳細に
説明する。図４は、掘削土量測定システムの機能ブロッ
ク図を示す。実測掘削土量測定システム２および掘削制
御システム３については後述する。指標掘削土量測定シ
ステム１は、切羽２２に対して電磁波を送受信する電磁
波送受信手段８０と、この電磁波の受信結果に基づき、
切羽２２の掘削断面の土質を判別する土質判別手段８６
と、この土質判別結果に基づき、掘削断面を構成する各
土質の掘削断面に占める割合を求め、掘削制御の指標と
なる掘削土量を演算する指標掘削土量演算手段８８とを
含んで構成されている。Hereinafter, the measurement of the index excavated soil amount will be described in detail. Figure 4 shows a functional block diagram of the excavated soil volume measurement system. The actually measured excavated soil volume measurement system 2 and the excavation control system 3 will be described later. The index excavated soil volume measurement system 1 includes an electromagnetic wave transmission / reception unit 80 that transmits and receives an electromagnetic wave to and from the face 22, and a reception result of the electromagnetic wave,
Soil discriminating means 86 for discriminating the soil of the excavated cross section of the face 22
And an index excavated soil amount calculating means 88 for calculating a ratio of each soil type constituting the excavated cross section to the excavated cross section based on the soil quality discrimination result and calculating an excavated soil amount as an index of excavation control. ing.
【００４１】電磁波送受信手段８０は、電磁波を送信す
る送信アンテナ２４と、送信アンテナ２４から発せられ
た電磁波を受信する受信アンテナ２６とを含んで構成さ
れている。The electromagnetic wave transmitting / receiving means 80 includes a transmitting antenna 24 for transmitting electromagnetic waves, and a receiving antenna 26 for receiving electromagnetic waves emitted from the transmitting antenna 24.
【００４２】図５は、シールド機８の面板２０の正面図
を示す。面板２０には、ケーシングに収められた送信ア
ンテナ２４および受信アンテナ２６がその円周方向に隣
接して異なる位置に配置され、切羽に向けパルス状の電
波を送受信し、切羽の状態を探査するように構成されて
いる。FIG. 5 shows a front view of the face plate 20 of the shield machine 8. On the face plate 20, a transmitting antenna 24 and a receiving antenna 26 housed in a casing are arranged at different positions adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, transmit and receive pulsed radio waves to the face, and search the state of the face. Is configured.
【００４３】面板２０には、送信アンテナ２４および受
信アンテナ２６以外にもカッター２８や、掘削した土砂
をチャンバー１４内に取り込むスリット３０、スリット
開閉装置３２、マンホール３４等の種々の設備が設けら
れている。したがって、送信アンテナ２４および受信ア
ンテナ２６は、本実施の形態のように、上記の必要不可
欠な装備の取り付けに邪魔にならず、かつ、掘削断面全
体の土質を判別できるよう、面板２０の外周部寄りに配
置することが好ましい。The transmitting antenna 24 and the receiving
In addition to the transmission antenna 26, various facilities such as a cutter 28, a slit 30 for taking excavated earth and sand into the chamber 14, a slit opening / closing device 32, and a manhole 34 are provided. Therefore, the transmitting antenna 24 and the receiving antenna
The antenna 26 is preferably arranged near the outer peripheral portion of the face plate 20 so as not to hinder the installation of the indispensable equipment as described in the present embodiment, and to be able to determine the soil quality of the entire excavated cross section. .
【００４４】図１に示すように、電磁波送受信の際、受
信される電波には、地中内に存在する反射物１５０から
の反射波２００と、送信アンテナ２４から受信アンテナ
２６に直接伝播される表面伝播波２１０とがある。As shown in FIG. 1, when transmitting and receiving an electromagnetic wave, a received radio wave is directly propagated from a transmitting object 24 to a receiving antenna 26 from a reflected wave 200 from a reflector 150 existing in the ground. There is a surface propagation wave 210.
【００４５】図６は、この受信波形の一例を示す。ここ
で反射波２００からは、地中内に存在する反射物１５０
（例えば埋もれ木、地中構造物）等が捉えられる。FIG. 6 shows an example of the received waveform. Here, from the reflected wave 200, there is a reflector 150 existing in the ground.
(Eg, buried trees, underground structures) and the like.
【００４６】一方、表面伝播波２１０からは、切羽２２
の土質の判別等が行える。表面伝播波２１０は、送信ア
ンテナ２４および受信アンテナ２６を、本実施の形態の
ように別体のものとして形成した場合に見られるもので
ある。伝播距離は最も短いことから、図６に示すように
受信波形の先頭に記録される。表面伝播波２１０は、切
羽２２の表面付近の領域を通過する波であるため、反射
物１５０の存在にかかわらず、必ず記録されるという特
殊性を有する。受信アンテナ２６の受信信号は、土質判
別手段８６に入力されるようになっている。On the other hand, from the surface propagation wave 210, the face 22
Can be determined. The surface propagation wave 210 is seen when the transmitting antenna 24 and the receiving antenna 26 are formed separately as in the present embodiment. Since the propagation distance is the shortest, it is recorded at the head of the received waveform as shown in FIG. Since the surface-propagating wave 210 is a wave that passes through a region near the surface of the face 22, the surface-propagating wave 210 has a special property that it is always recorded regardless of the presence of the reflector 150. The reception signal of the reception antenna 26 is input to the soil determination means 86.
【００４７】土質判別手段８６は、面板２０の回転角度
を測定する角度測定部３８と、土質判別部８７とを含ん
で構成されている。面板２０の回転角度は、角度測定部
３８により測定される。角度測定部としては、例えば角
度センサーがある。角度測定部３８により検出される回
転角度は、送信アンテナ２４および受信アンテナ２６の
探査位置を特定するのに用いられ、送信アンテナ２４お
よび受信アンテナ２６が面板２０の１２時の位置にある
ときの角度を０度とし、これを時計方向に０から３６０
度まで１度ずつ測定して出力する。The soil determining means 86 includes an angle measuring section 38 for measuring the rotation angle of the face plate 20 and a soil determining section 87. The rotation angle of the face plate 20 is measured by the angle measurement unit 38. An example of the angle measuring unit is an angle sensor. Rotation angle detected by the angle measuring unit 38 is used to identify the search position of the transmitting antenna 24 and receiving antenna 26, transmitting antenna 24 Contact
The angle when the receiving antenna 26 is at the 12 o'clock position of the face plate 20 is set to 0 degree, and this is set to 0 to 360 degrees clockwise.
Measure and output once each time.
【００４８】なお、面板２０の掘削位置は、図示しない
掘削位置入力部から指標掘削土量測定システム１に入力
されるようになっている。図１に示すように、トンネル
構内に壁面構築用のセグメント１５をセットする時に、
自動的にそのセグメントナンバーを入力し、セグメント
１５の端面を基準位置として、ジャッキがどの程度伸縮
するかにより面板２０の掘削位置を自動的に検出し、指
標掘削土量測定システム１に入力する。なお、作業員が
直接入力してもよい。The excavation position of the face plate 20 is input to the index excavated soil volume measuring system 1 from an excavation position input unit (not shown). As shown in FIG. 1, when setting the segment 15 for wall construction in the tunnel premises,
Automatically enter the segment number, as a reference position the end faces of the segments 15 automatically detects the excavation position of the face plate 20 by Jacks or degree to which expansion and contraction, the finger
The data is input to the target excavated soil volume measurement system 1. In addition, the operator may directly input.
【００４９】土質判別部８７は、受信アンテナ２６で受
信される信号に含まれる表面伝播波２１０の伝播時間、
減衰率等に基づき、表面伝播波２１０が通過した切羽２
２の領域の土質判別を行い、その判別データを土質構成
データ作成部５２に向け出力する。なお、表面伝播波２
１０の伝播時間、減衰率等は、表面伝播波が通過する切
羽２２の土質により異なった値となるため、これらを測
定することにより、土質判別が行える。この土質判別
は、受信信号が入力されるごとに繰り返して行われる。
実施例では、１秒間に数十回以上の電波の送受信を行っ
ているため、送信アンテナ２４および受信アンテナ２６
の前面における切羽２２の土質判別をほぼリアルタイム
に行うことができる。The soil determination unit 87 calculates the propagation time of the surface propagation wave 210 included in the signal received by the reception antenna 26,
The face 2 through which the surface propagation wave 210 has passed based on the attenuation rate and the like.
The determination of the soil quality of the area No. 2 is performed, and the determination data is output to the soil configuration data creating unit 52. In addition, the surface propagation wave 2
Since the propagation time, attenuation rate, and the like of 10 have different values depending on the soil quality of the face 22 through which the surface propagation wave passes, the soil quality can be determined by measuring these. This soil determination is repeatedly performed each time a received signal is input.
In the embodiment, since the radio wave is transmitted and received several tens of times or more per second, the transmitting antenna 24 and the receiving antenna 26
, The soil quality of the face 22 on the front surface can be determined almost in real time.
【００５０】このようにして測定された面板２０の回転
角度測定結果および土質判別結果に基づき、指標掘削土
量演算手段８８により、掘削制御の指標となる掘削土量
を演算する。指標掘削土量演算手段８８は、土質構成デ
ータ作成部５２と、土質構成データ記憶部５４とを含ん
で構成されている。Based on the measurement result of the rotation angle of the face plate 20 and the result of soil determination, the index excavated soil amount calculating means 88 calculates an excavated soil amount as an index of excavation control. The index excavated soil amount calculating means 88 includes a soil composition data creating unit 52 and a soil composition data storage unit 54.
【００５１】土質構成データ作成部５２は、入力された
土質判別データと、角度測定部３８から入力される回転
角度データとに基づき、土質構成データを１度ごとに土
質構成データ記憶部５４に記憶していく。ここで、土質
構成データとは、掘削断面を構成する各土質の掘削断面
に占める割合を示すデータである。したがって、面板２
０が、基準角０度から３６０度回転すると、土質構成デ
ータ記憶部５４内には、一断面分の探査データとして３
６０度分の土質データが記憶されることになる。The soil composition data creation section 52 stores the soil composition data in the soil composition data storage section 54 once every degree based on the inputted soil property discrimination data and the rotation angle data inputted from the angle measuring section 38. I will do it. Here, the soil composition data is data indicating the ratio of each soil constituting the excavated section to the excavated section. Therefore, face plate 2
When 0 rotates 360 degrees from the reference angle of 0 degrees, the soil composition data storage unit 54 stores 3 pieces of exploration data for one cross section.
The soil data for 60 degrees is stored.
【００５２】また、演算のタイミングとしては、１リン
グ掘削中に少なくとも１掘削断面分の土質構成データを
作成する。これにより、１リング掘削中に掘削断面の土
質構成が急激に変化する場合でも、１リング掘削中に掘
削に伴って複数の土質構成データを作成でき、変化に応
じて適切な土質構成データが得られるため、より適切な
掘削乾砂量測定ができる。なお、１リング掘進中に切羽
の探査は数回、例えば１０回程度行われる。As the timing of the calculation, soil composition data for at least one excavation cross section is created during one ring excavation. Thereby, even when the soil composition of the excavated cross section suddenly changes during one-ring excavation, a plurality of soil composition data can be created along with the excavation during one-ring excavation, and appropriate soil composition data can be obtained according to the change. Therefore, more appropriate measurement of dry sand volume can be performed. The exploration of the face is performed several times, for example, about 10 times during the excavation of one ring.
【００５３】図７は、図２のＢ点において、面板２０を
１回転したときにおける送信アンテナ２４および受信ア
ンテナ２６による切羽探査範囲９０を表したものであ
る。切羽探査範囲９０は、図中斜線で示すリング状の範
囲となる。このとき切羽２２の土層が、細砂層、砂質シ
ルト層、シルト層から構成されている場合を想定する
と、メモリ５４に記憶されている一断面分の探査データ
は、回転角が０からθ１の範囲で細砂層、θ１からθ２
の範囲で砂質シルト層、θ２からθ３の範囲でシルト
層、θ３からθ４の範囲で砂質シルト層、θ４から３６
０度の範囲で細砂層となる。FIG. 7 shows the transmitting antenna 24 and the receiving antenna when the face plate 20 makes one rotation at the point B in FIG.
The face search range 90 by the antenna 26 is shown. The face search range 90 is a ring-shaped range indicated by oblique lines in the figure. At this time, assuming that the soil layer of the face 22 is composed of a fine sand layer, a sandy silt layer, and a silt layer, the search data for one section stored in the memory 54 has a rotation angle of 0 to θ1. Fine sand layer in the range of θ1 to θ2
, Sandy silt layer in the range of θ2 to θ3, sandy silt layer in the range of θ3 to θ4, θ4 to 36
A fine sand layer is formed in the range of 0 degrees.
【００５４】以上のようにして指標掘削土量が求められ
る。例えば、指標掘削土量が理論掘削乾砂量である場
合、ある掘削時点における掘削断面を構成する各土質毎
に、（掘削断面に占める割合）と、（掘削断面積）と、
（掘削ストローク長）と、（１−間隙率）との積を演算
することにより、各土質の理論掘削乾砂量を求めること
ができる。したがって、掘削断面が複数の土質から構成
されている場合であっても、前記各土質の理論掘削乾砂
量を合計することにより、掘削断面に対する理論掘削乾
砂量を正確に求めることができる。The index excavated soil amount is obtained as described above. For example, when the index excavated soil amount is the theoretical excavated dry sand amount, for each soil material constituting the excavated cross section at a certain excavation time, (percentage of excavated cross section), (excavated cross section area),
By calculating the product of (excavation stroke length) and (1−porosity), the theoretical excavated dry sand amount of each soil can be obtained. Therefore, even if the excavated section is composed of a plurality of soils, the theoretical excavated dry sand amount for the excavated section can be accurately obtained by summing the theoretical excavated dry sand amounts of the respective soil types.
【００５５】また、図４に示すように、各土質の性状を
記憶する土質性状記憶手段８４を設け、指標掘削土量演
算手段８８は、前記土質判別結果および前記各土質の性
状に基づき指標掘削土量を演算するよう構成してもよ
い。Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a soil property storage means 84 for storing the properties of each soil is provided, and the index excavated soil quantity calculating means 88 performs index excavation based on the soil discrimination result and the properties of each soil. It may be configured to calculate the soil volume.
【００５６】これによれば、あらかじめ各土質の性状を
記憶することにより、各土質に応じて短時間かつ正確に
指標掘削土量を求めることができる。なお、各土質の性
状を、掘削前にあらかじめボーリング調査等により、把
握しておくことが好ましい。According to this, by storing the properties of each soil in advance, the index excavated soil amount can be accurately determined in a short time according to each soil. It is preferable that the properties of each soil be grasped in advance by drilling or the like before excavation.
【００５７】図８は、理論掘削乾砂量の変化を示すグラ
フの一例である。従来のように、指標掘削土量を、図８
に示すように２００ｍ毎にボーリング調査により求めた
場合、測定地点のデータに基づいて演算するため、測定
結果は線ａのように急激に変化する。したがって、上述
したように切羽２２の土質構成が急激に変化した場合に
は変化に対応した掘削制御ができない。一方、本実施の
形態によれば、指標掘削土量としての理論掘削乾砂量
を、掘削に伴いリアルタイムかつ正確に測定できるた
め、測定結果は線ｂのように曲線状となり、土質の急激
な変化にも対応し、適切な掘削制御ができる。しかし、
より適切な制御のためには、実測掘削乾砂量も併せて測
定し、シールド機８の掘削制御を行うことが好ましい。FIG. 8 is an example of a graph showing a change in the theoretical dry sand amount. As in the prior art, the index excavated soil volume is
As shown in (2), when it is obtained by a boring survey every 200 m, since the calculation is performed based on the data at the measurement point, the measurement result changes abruptly as indicated by a line a. Therefore, as described above, when the soil composition of the face 22 suddenly changes, excavation control corresponding to the change cannot be performed. On the other hand, according to the present embodiment, the theoretical excavated dry sand amount as the index excavated soil amount can be measured in real time and accurately with the excavation. Appropriate excavation control can be performed in response to changes. But,
For more appropriate control, it is preferable that the actually measured excavated dry sand amount is also measured and excavation control of the shield machine 8 is performed.
【００５８】次に、実測掘削乾砂量の測定について説明
する。図９は、実測掘削乾砂量を測定する手順を示すフ
ローチャートである。送排泥水の流量および性状を測
定、演算し（ステップ３２、３４、３８、４０）、測定
した送排泥水の流量および性状に基づき実際の送排泥流
量を演算し（ステップ３６、４２）、排泥流量と送泥流
量の差から実測掘削乾砂量を演算する（ステップ４
４）。なお、ここで送排泥水の性状としては、圧力、密
度、粘性等がある。Next, the measurement of the actually measured excavated dry sand amount will be described. FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a procedure for measuring the measured excavated dry sand amount. The flow rate and properties of the muddy water are measured and calculated (steps 32, 34, 38 and 40), and the actual flow rate of the muddy water is calculated based on the measured flow rate and the properties of the muddy water (steps 36 and 42). Calculate the measured excavated dry sand amount from the difference between the sludge flow rate and the sludge flow rate (step 4)
4). Here, the properties of the mud water sent and discharged include pressure, density, viscosity, and the like.
【００５９】図４に示すように、実測掘削乾砂量は実測
掘削土量測定システム２により測定される。実測掘削土
量測定システム２は、送排泥水量を測定する泥水測定手
段９２と、送排泥水量測定結果に基づいて実測掘削土量
を求める実測掘削土量演算手段９４とを含んで構成され
る。図１に示すように、泥水測定手段として、チャンバ
ー１４に近接した送泥管１６に密時計６０および流量計
６４が設けられ、チャンバー１４に近接した排泥管１８
に密時計６２および流量計６６が設けられている。実測
掘削土量演算手段９４により、密時計６０および流量計
６４の測定結果からは送泥水の実際の流量が求められ、
密時計６２および流量計６６の測定結果からは排泥水の
実際の流量が求められる。また、実測掘削土量演算手段
９４により、排泥水流量と送泥水流量との差が演算にさ
れ、実測掘削乾砂量が求められる。As shown in FIG. 4, the measured excavated dry sand amount is measured by the measured excavated soil amount measurement system 2. The actually measured excavated soil volume measurement system 2 includes muddy water measuring means 92 for measuring the amount of transmitted and discharged muddy water, and actually measured excavated soil volume calculating means 94 for obtaining the actually measured excavated soil volume based on the measurement result of the transmitted and discharged muddy water amount. You. As shown in FIG. 1, as a muddy water measuring means, a fine clock 60 and a flow meter 64 are provided on a mud feeding pipe 16 near the chamber 14, and a mud discharging pipe 18 near the chamber 14.
, A dense clock 62 and a flow meter 66 are provided. The actual flow rate of the muddy water is obtained from the measurement result of the dense clock 60 and the flow meter 64 by the actually measured excavated soil amount calculating means 94,
The actual flow rate of the muddy water is obtained from the measurement results of the minute clock 62 and the flow meter 66. The actually measured excavated soil amount calculating means 94 calculates the difference between the flow rate of the muddy water and the flow rate of the muddy water to obtain the actually measured excavated dry sand amount.
【００６０】次に、シールド機８の掘削制御について説
明する。図１０は、掘削制御の手順を示すフローチャー
トである。図４に示すように、指標掘削土量測定システ
ム１により求められた理論掘削乾砂量の測定結果と、実
測掘削土量測定システム２により求められた実測掘削乾
砂量の測定結果に基づき、掘削制御システム３により、
シールド機８の制御が行われる（ステップ６２〜７
８）。Next, the excavation control of the shield machine 8 will be described. FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the procedure of the excavation control. As shown in FIG. 4, based on the measurement result of the theoretical excavated dry sand amount obtained by the index excavated soil amount measurement system 1 and the measurement result of the actually measured excavated dry sand amount obtained by the actually measured excavated soil amount measurement system 2, With the excavation control system 3,
Control of the shield machine 8 is performed (steps 62 to 7).
8).
【００６１】まず、上述したように、指標掘削土量を演
算する（ステップ６２）。指標掘削土量の演算は、１リ
ング掘削毎に少なくとも１掘削断面分の土質構成データ
を作成する。ここで、１掘削断面分の土質構成データと
は、図７に示すような土質の割合を示すものである。通
常は、ジャッキの推力の変更等によってシールド機８の
掘削制御を行っているが、このタイミングで土質構成デ
ータを作成し、これに基づきジャッキの推力の変更等が
行えるため、より適切な掘削乾砂量測定ができる。First, the index excavated soil amount is calculated as described above (step 62). The calculation of the index excavated soil amount creates soil configuration data of at least one excavated cross section for each ring excavation. Here, the soil composition data for one excavation cross section indicates the proportion of the soil as shown in FIG. Normally, the excavation control of the shield machine 8 is performed by changing the thrust of the jack, but the soil composition data is created at this timing, and the thrust of the jack can be changed based on this data. Can measure the amount of sand.
【００６２】指標掘削土量の演算後、切羽２２の土質状
況について判断を行う（ステップ６４）。上述した図２
のＤ点のように、トンネル経路の土質が急変化する場
合、最新の土質測定結果を適用して掘削制御する（ステ
ップ６６）。一方、変化がないか、緩やかな変化の場
合、土質測定結果の平均を用いて土質構成を判断し、掘
削制御する（ステップ６８）。After the calculation of the index excavated soil amount, the soil condition of the face 22 is determined (step 64). FIG. 2 described above
When the soil quality of the tunnel route changes abruptly as in point D, excavation control is performed by applying the latest soil quality measurement result (step 66). On the other hand, if there is no change or a gradual change, the soil composition is determined using the average of the soil measurement results, and excavation control is performed (step 68).
【００６３】通常は、掘削土量は、１リング掘削中には
さほど変化しないため、１リング分の土質構成データの
平均値を用いて掘削制御を行う。測定結果には多少の誤
差も含まれるが、平均値を適用することにより誤差を吸
収し（ステップ６８）、より適切なデータに基づき（ス
テップ７０）、掘削制御できる。また、掘削土量は、１
リング掘削中にも不規則に変化したり、急激に変化する
場合もある。このような場合は、最も新しい土質構成デ
ータを用いることにより（ステップ６６）、実際の土質
構成に最も近い土質構成を判別し（ステップ７０）、適
切に掘削制御できる。Normally, the amount of excavated soil does not change much during excavation of one ring, so excavation control is performed using the average value of the soil composition data for one ring. Although the measurement results include some errors, errors can be absorbed by applying the average value (step 68), and excavation control can be performed based on more appropriate data (step 70). The excavated soil volume is 1
It may change irregularly or rapidly during ring excavation. In such a case, by using the latest soil composition data (step 66), the soil composition closest to the actual soil composition is determined (step 70), and the excavation control can be appropriately performed.
【００６４】このような指標掘削データに基づき掘削し
た結果、制御が適切か判断するため、実際の掘削土量の
測定を行う（ステップ７２）。この判断により（ステッ
プ７４）、掘削量が超過している場合、速く掘りすぎて
いるため、チャンバー１４内の水圧を高めて地山を抑え
る等により、掘削制御する（ステップ７６）。一方、掘
削量が不足している場合、掘削速度を上げるため、チャ
ンバー１４内の水圧を低下させる等により、掘削制御す
る（ステップ７８）。もちろん、掘削量が適量である場
合、掘削制御は変更しない。As a result of excavation based on such index excavation data, the actual excavated soil amount is measured to determine whether the control is appropriate (step 72). As a result of this determination (step 74), if the excavation amount is excessive, the excavation is performed too quickly because the excavation is too rapid, and the water pressure in the chamber 14 is increased to suppress the ground (step 76). On the other hand, if the excavation amount is insufficient, excavation control is performed by lowering the water pressure in the chamber 14 to increase the excavation speed (step 78). Of course, when the excavation amount is appropriate, the excavation control is not changed.
【００６５】このように、本実施の形態によれば、切羽
の掘削断面の土質判別をリアルタイムに行い、正確な指
標掘削土量を求め、適切な掘削制御が可能となる。As described above, according to the present embodiment, the soil quality of the excavated cross section of the face is determined in real time, an accurate index excavated soil amount is obtained, and appropriate excavation control can be performed.
【００６６】なお、本発明は前記実施例に限定されるも
のではなく、本発明の要旨の範囲内で各種の変形実施が
可能である。例えば、本発明を泥水式シールド工法に適
用した例について説明したが、泥土圧や、圧気式等の各
種のシールド工法に対して本発明を適用できる。The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention. For example, the example in which the present invention is applied to the muddy water shield method has been described. However, the present invention can be applied to various shield methods such as mud pressure and pneumatic method.
【００６７】[0067]
【図１】本実施の形態の一例に係るシールド掘削システ
ムの概略図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a shield excavation system according to an example of the present embodiment.
【図２】土質断面の変化の一例を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a change in soil cross section.
【図３】理論掘削乾砂量測定の手順を示すフローチャー
トである。FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure for measuring a theoretical excavated dry sand amount.
【図４】本実施の形態の一例に係る掘削土量測定システ
ムの機能ブロック図である。FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of an excavated soil volume measurement system according to an example of the present embodiment.
【図５】シールド機の面板の正面図の一例である。FIG. 5 is an example of a front view of a face plate of the shield machine.
【図６】電磁波の受信波形の説明図である。FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a reception waveform of an electromagnetic wave.
【図７】切羽探査範囲を表す説明図である。FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a face search range.
【図８】指標掘削土量の変化を示すグラフの一例であ
る。FIG. 8 is an example of a graph showing a change in index excavated soil volume.
【図９】実測掘削乾砂量測定の手順を示すフローチャー
トである。FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the actual measurement of the amount of excavated dry sand.
【図１０】掘削制御の手順を示すフローチャートであ
る。FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of excavation control.
１ 指標掘削土量測定システム ２ 実測掘削土量測定システム ３ 掘削制御システム ６ トンネル ８ シールド機 １０ シールド １２ 隔壁 １４ チャンバー １５ セグメント １６ 送泥管 １８ 排泥管 ２０ 面板 ２２ 切羽 ２４ 送信アンテナ ２６ 受信アンテナ ３０ スリット ３２ スリット開閉装置 ３４ マンホール ３８ 角度測定部 ５２ 土質構成データ作成部 ５４ 土質構成データ記憶部 ６０、６２ 密度計 ６４、６６ 流量計 ７０ 排泥ポンプ ８０ 電磁波送受信手段 ８４ 土質性状記憶手段 ８６ 土質判別手段 ８７ 土質判別部 ８８ 指標掘削土量演算手段 ９０ 切羽探査範囲 ９２ 泥水測定手段 ９４ 実測掘削土量演算手段 １００ ボーリング調査地点 １５０ 反射物 ２００ 表面伝播波 ２１０ 反射波REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 index excavated soil volume measurement system 2 actual excavated soil volume measurement system 3 excavation control system 6 tunnel 8 shield machine 10 shield 12 bulkhead 14 chamber 15 segment 16 mud pipe 18 mud pipe 20 face plate 22 face 24 transmitting antenna 26 receiving antenna 30 slit 32 slit switchgear 34 manhole le 38 angle measuring unit 52 soil configuration data creation unit 54 soil configuration data storage unit 60, 62 the density meter 64, 66 flow meter 70 Hydraulic pumps 80 electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving means 84 soil texture storage means 86 soil determination Means 87 Soil discrimination unit 88 Index excavated soil amount calculating means 90 Face exploration range 92 Muddy water measuring means 94 Actually measured excavated soil amount calculating means 100 Drilling survey point 150 Reflected object 200 Surface propagating wave 210 Reflected wave
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 請川 誠 東京都中央区京橋１丁目７番１号 戸田 建設株式会社内 (72)発明者 高橋 潤 東京都中央区京橋１丁目７番１号 戸田 建設株式会社内 (72)発明者 奥村 利博 東京都中央区京橋１丁目７番１号 戸田 建設株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 平５−59882（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平４−60096（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平４−357294（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 平４−131792（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 実開 昭62−50294（ＪＰ，Ｕ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) G01V 3/12 E21D 9/06 301 E21D 9/12 G01N 22/00 Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Makoto Ukegawa 1-7-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Toda Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Jun Takahashi 1-7-1, Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Toda Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshihiro Okumura 1-7-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Toda Construction Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-5-59882 (JP, A) JP-A-4-60096 (JP, A JP-A-4-357294 (JP, A) JP-A-4-131792 (JP, U) JP-A-62-50294 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) G01V 3/12 E21D 9/06 301 E21D 9/12 G01N 22/00
Claims (12)
送受信手段と、 前記電磁波の受信結果に基づき、切羽の掘削断面の土質
を判別する土質判別手段と、複数の土質の間隙率を記憶する土質性状記憶手段と、 前記土質判別結果に基づき、前記掘削断面を構成する各
土質の掘削断面に占める割合を求め、当該割合および前
記各土質の間隙率に基づき、掘削制御の指標となる理論
掘削乾砂量を演算する指標掘削土量演算手段と、 を有することを特徴とするシールド工法における掘削土
量測定システム。An electromagnetic wave transmitting / receiving means for transmitting / receiving an electromagnetic wave to / from a face, a soil type determining means for determining the soil quality of an excavated cross section of the face based on a reception result of the electromagnetic wave, and a soil storing a porosity of a plurality of soils Based on the property storage means and the soil discrimination result, a ratio of each soil constituting the excavated cross section to the excavated cross section is obtained, and the ratio and the previous
Based on the porosity of each soil type, a theory that serves as an index for excavation control
An index excavated soil amount calculating means for calculating an excavated dry sand amount , and an excavated soil amount measuring system in a shield method.
掘削断面を構成する各土質毎に、（掘削断面に占める割
合）と、（掘削断面積）と、（掘削ストローク長）と、
（１−間隙率）との積を演算し、各土質の理論掘削乾砂
量を求め、前記各土質の理論掘削乾砂量を合計すること
により、掘削断面に対する理論掘削乾砂量を求めること
を特徴とする掘削土量測定システム。 2. An index excavated soil amount calculating means according to claim 1, wherein
For each type of soil that composes the excavated section,
), (Excavation cross section), (Excavation stroke length),
(1-porosity) and the theoretical excavation of each soil
Calculate the volume and add the theoretical excavated dry sand volume of each soil type
To calculate the theoretical excavated dry sand amount for the excavated section
An excavated soil volume measurement system characterized by the following.
て前記電磁波の送受信を行う送信アンテナおよび受信ア
ンテナを含んで構成され、 前記土質判別手段は、前記面板の回転角度を測定する角
度測定部と、 前記受信アンテナの受信信号に含まれる表面伝播波に基
づき切羽の掘削断面の土質を判別する土質判別部を含ん
で構成され、 前記指標掘削土量演算手段は、前記回転角度と前記土質
判別結果とに基づき、各土質の掘削断面に占める割合を
示す土質構成データを作成する土質構成データ作成部を
含んで構成され、当該土質構成データで示される割合に
基づき理論掘削乾砂量を演算することを特徴とするシー
ルド工法における掘削土量測定システム。3. The soil discriminating means according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic wave transmitting / receiving means includes a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna arranged on a face plate of a shield machine for transmitting / receiving the electromagnetic waves. Comprises: an angle measuring unit that measures the rotation angle of the face plate; and a soil determination unit that determines the soil quality of the excavated cross section of the face based on a surface propagation wave included in a reception signal of the reception antenna. Sat amount calculating means, based on said rotation angle and said soil determination result, is configured to include <br/> the soil structure data creation unit that creates a soil structure data indicating the percentage of excavation cross-section of each soil, the To the ratio indicated in the soil composition data
An excavated soil volume measurement system in a shield method, which calculates a theoretical excavated dry sand volume based on the excavated soil volume.
る泥水測定手段と、 前記泥水測定結果に基づき、実測掘削乾砂量を演算する
実測掘削土量演算手段と、 を含んで構成される実測掘削土量測定システムと、 請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の掘削土量測定システム
と、前 記理論掘削乾砂量および前記実測掘削乾砂量に基づ
き、シールド機の制御を行う掘削制御手段と、 を有する ことを特徴とするシールド工法における掘削制
御システム。4. A muddy water measuring means for measuring the flow rate and muddy water condition of the sending and discharging muddy water, and an actually measured excavated soil amount calculating means for calculating an actually measured dry sand amount based on the muddy water measurement result. drilling performing the actual soil excavated quantity measuring system, the excavated soil volume measuring system according to claim 1, before SL based on the theoretical drilling dry sand amount and the actual excavation dry sand amount, the control of the shield machine excavation control system in shield method, characterized in that it comprises a control means.
削乾砂量と比べて不足している場合には掘削力を強化
し、前記実測掘削乾砂量が前記理論掘削乾砂量と比べて
超過している場合には掘削力を縮退するように、シール
ド機を制御することを特徴とするシールド工法における
掘削制御システム。 5. The excavation control means according to claim 4 , wherein the measured excavation dry sand amount is the theoretical excavation amount.
If the amount is less than the amount of dry sand, increase the excavating power
And the measured excavated dry sand amount is compared with the theoretical excavated dry sand amount.
If it is exceeded, seals are used to reduce the excavation force.
In the shield method, characterized by controlling the
Drilling control system.
間隙率を記憶する工程と、 切羽に対して電磁波を送受信する電磁波送受信工程と、 前記電磁波の受信結果に基づき、切羽の掘削断面の土質
を判別する土質判別工程と、 前記土質判別結果に基づき、前記掘削断面を構成する各
土質の掘削断面に占める割合を示す土質構成データを作
成し、前記土質構成データおよび前記各土質の間隙率に
基づき、掘削制御の指標となる理論掘削乾砂量を演算す
る指標掘削土量演算工程と、 を有することを特徴とするシールド工法における掘削土
量測定方法。6. Each of the soils existing in the excavation section in advance
A step of storing the porosity, an electromagnetic wave transmitting / receiving step of transmitting / receiving an electromagnetic wave to / from the face, a soil property determining step of determining the soil quality of the excavated cross section of the face based on the reception result of the electromagnetic wave, and Create soil composition data indicating the ratio of each soil constituting the excavation section to the excavation section, and to the soil composition data and the porosity of each soil
An excavated soil amount calculating step of calculating a theoretical excavated dry sand amount as an index of excavation control based on the excavation control method.
る掘削断面を構成する各土質毎に、（掘削断面に占める
割合）と、（掘削断面積）と、（掘削ストローク長）
と、（１−間隙率）との積を演算し、各土質の理論掘削
乾砂量を求め、前記各土質の理論掘削乾砂量を合計する
ことにより、掘削断面に対する理論掘削乾砂量を求める
ことを特徴とするシールド工法における掘削土量測定方
法。 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the index excavated soil amount calculating step, a predetermined excavation time is determined.
For each type of soil that composes the excavated section,
Percentage), (Drilling cross section), (Drilling stroke length)
And the product of (1-porosity) and the theoretical excavation of each soil
Find the amount of dry sand and sum the theoretical excavated dry sand amount for each soil type
To obtain the theoretical dry sand volume for the excavated section
Method for measuring excavated soil volume in shield method
Law.
とも１掘削断面分の前記土質構成データを作成すること
を特徴とするシールド工法における掘削土量測定方法。8. The shield construction method according to claim 6, wherein the index excavated soil amount calculating step creates the soil composition data of at least one excavated cross section every one ring excavation. Excavated soil volume measurement method.
掘削断面分の土質構成データを作成し、 前記指標掘削土量演算工程は、１リング分の掘削中に前
記土質構成が不規則に変化する場合、前記土質構成デー
タの１掘削断面分の平均値に基づき、理論掘削乾砂量を
演算することを特徴とするシールド工法における掘削土
量測定方法。9. Oite to claim 8, wherein the indicator excavated soil amount calculation step, for each of a plurality of first ring drilling
The soil composition data for the excavated cross section is created, and the index excavated soil amount calculating step is configured such that, when the soil composition changes irregularly during excavation for one ring, an average value of the excavated cross section of the soil composition data for one ring A method for measuring the amount of excavated soil in a shield method, comprising calculating a theoretical excavated dry sand amount based on the method.
記土質構成が徐々に変化する場合、前記土質構成データ
の最新値に基づき、理論掘削乾砂量を演算することを特
徴とするシールド工法における掘削土量測定方法。10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the index excavated soil amount calculating step is based on the latest value of the soil configuration data when the soil configuration changes gradually during excavation for one ring. A method for measuring excavated soil volume in a shield method, comprising calculating a theoretical excavated dry sand volume .
削土量測定方法を用いた理論掘削乾砂量測定工程と、 送排泥水の流量および性状を測定する泥水測定工程と、 前記測定した送排泥水の流量および性状に基づき、実測
掘削乾砂量を演算する実測掘削乾砂量演算工程と、 前記理論掘削乾砂量および前記実測掘削乾砂量に基づ
き、シールド機の制御を行う制御工程と、 を有することを特徴とするシールド工法における掘削制
御方法。11. A method for measuring the amount of dry sand for theoretical excavation using the method for measuring the amount of excavated soil according to claim 7, and for measuring muddy water for measuring the flow rate and properties of muddy water sent and discharged. Based on the measured flow rate and properties of the sent and discharged mud water, a measured excavated dry sand amount calculating step of calculating an actually measured excavated dry sand amount, and a shield based on the theoretical excavated dry sand amount and the measured excavated dry sand amount. Kezusei <br/> cONTROL mETHOD dug in shield method characterized by and a control step for controlling the machine.
乾砂量と比べて不足している場合には掘削力を強化し、
前記実測掘削乾砂量が前記理論掘削乾砂量と比べて超過
している場合には掘削力を縮退するように、シールド機
を制御することを特徴とするシールド工法における掘削
制御方法。 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, in the control step, the actually measured excavation dry sand amount is the theoretical excavation amount.
If the amount is less than the amount of dry sand, increase the drilling power,
The measured excavated dry sand amount exceeds the theoretical excavated dry sand amount
If the shield machine is
Excavation in the shield method characterized by controlling
Control method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29046897A JP3317662B2 (en) | 1997-10-06 | 1997-10-06 | Excavated soil volume measurement system and method in shield method and excavation control system and method using these |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29046897A JP3317662B2 (en) | 1997-10-06 | 1997-10-06 | Excavated soil volume measurement system and method in shield method and excavation control system and method using these |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11109046A JPH11109046A (en) | 1999-04-23 |
| JP3317662B2 true JP3317662B2 (en) | 2002-08-26 |
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| CN100343650C (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2007-10-17 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Large shield tunnelling analogue test platform |
| CN100343485C (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2007-10-17 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Analogue soil box for analogue shiold tunnelling machine testing |
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