JP3308211B2 - Rainwater flow switching device - Google Patents
Rainwater flow switching deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP3308211B2 JP3308211B2 JP16170798A JP16170798A JP3308211B2 JP 3308211 B2 JP3308211 B2 JP 3308211B2 JP 16170798 A JP16170798 A JP 16170798A JP 16170798 A JP16170798 A JP 16170798A JP 3308211 B2 JP3308211 B2 JP 3308211B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rainwater
- opening
- pipe
- inflow
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
Landscapes
- Sewage (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は雨水の流路切換装置に係
り、特に雨水を集めて貯蔵する雨水貯槽に接続されて雨
水の収集システムを構成する場合に好適な装置構造に関
する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rainwater flow switching device, and more particularly to a device structure suitable for a rainwater collecting system connected to a rainwater storage tank for collecting and storing rainwater.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来から、雨水を集めて貯槽に溜め、非
常時の水として、或いは、トイレや灌漑用の水として用
いることが広く行われている。通常は、雨樋と貯槽とを
接続することによって家屋の屋根に降った雨水を貯槽内
に集めるようにしている。このような雨水の収集システ
ムを数多く設置し、水道水の節約、水害の防止などを図
ろうとしている地域も存在する。このようなシステムを
エネルギー消費なしで稼働させることができるように構
成すれば、環境破壊を招くことのない水利用を果たすこ
とが可能になり、現代社会においても非常に有効であ
る。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, rainwater has been widely collected and stored in a storage tank and used as emergency water or as water for toilets and irrigation. Normally, rainwater falling on the roof of a house is collected in a storage tank by connecting a rain gutter to the storage tank. In some areas, many such rainwater collection systems are installed to save tap water and prevent flood damage. If such a system is configured to be able to operate without energy consumption, it is possible to use water without causing environmental destruction, which is very effective in modern society.
【０００３】雨水の収集システムには、降雨初期におけ
る酸性度の強い水や屋根上や雨樋などに堆積しているご
みや粉塵などを多く含む水を貯槽に導入しないようにす
るために、人手により雨水の流路を切り替えたり、或い
は、センサなどを用いて電気的に、若しくは、フロート
などを用いて機械的に自動化された雨水の流路制御装置
が装着される場合がある。これらの装置としては、特公
昭５６−２４７５０号公報に記載されているように弁を
手動で切り替える簡単なものから、特開昭５６−５５６
４２号公報のようにフロート弁を用いて流路を自動的に
切り替えるようにしたもの、特公平４−１０５３８号、
特開平１０−３７２５５号公報のように雨水の重量によ
って流路を自動的に切り替えるようにしたもの、実公昭
５９−１４５３８号、実公平３−３０４４２号公報のよ
うに流路に絞り部を設けてオーバーフローにより貯槽内
に清浄な雨水のみが自然に導入されるようにしたものな
どがある。[0003] The rainwater collecting system is designed to prevent the introduction of water having a high acidity in the early stage of rainfall or water containing a large amount of dust or dust accumulated on a roof or a gutter into a storage tank. In some cases, a rainwater flow path control device that is automatically switched using a rainwater flow path, or electrically using a sensor or the like, or mechanically using a float or the like is mounted. These devices include simple devices for manually switching valves as described in JP-B-56-24750 and JP-A-56-556.
No. 42, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-10538, in which a flow path is automatically switched using a float valve.
Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 10-37255 discloses a configuration in which the flow path is automatically switched according to the weight of rainwater, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-14538 and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-30442 disclose a throttle in the flow path. In some cases, only clean rainwater is naturally introduced into the storage tank by overflow.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、上記従来の
雨水の収集システムにおいては、降雨初期において塵埃
の多く混じった雨水を排除し、或る程度経過してから貯
槽に雨水を溜めるようにしているため、降雨の状況によ
っては必ずしも適切な集水ができないという問題点があ
る。例えば、激しい降雨の場合には短時間のうちに雨水
中の酸性物質や塵埃の混入量が少なくなるが、僅かな降
雨量が継続的に発生している場合には、雨水中の酸性物
質や塵埃の混入量はなかなか減少しないことがある。従
来の雨水の集水システムにおいては、フロートを用いる
方法や絞り部を設ける方法では一定量の雨水が溜まり、
しかも、一定以上の雨量がないと貯槽への雨水の導入が
開始されないようになっているが、降雨の状況に応じて
より適切に貯槽への雨水の導入開始時点を制御すること
ができない。例えば、上記の絞り部を設けた従来技術で
は雨水受部から少しずつ雨水を排出することにより雨量
の大小に応じて多少貯槽への雨水導入時点を前後させる
ようにしているが、雨水の導入開始までに必要な降雨量
などの予め設定した動作特性を変更することができな
い。However, in the above-mentioned conventional rainwater collecting system, rainwater mixed with a large amount of dust is removed in the early stage of rainfall, and after a certain period of time, the rainwater is accumulated in the storage tank. Therefore, there is a problem that it is not always possible to properly collect water depending on rainfall conditions. For example, in the case of heavy rainfall, the amount of acid substances and dust mixed in rainwater decreases in a short time, but when a small amount of rainfall occurs continuously, the amount of acid substances and rainwater in rainwater decreases. The amount of dust mixed in may not be reduced. In a conventional rainwater collection system, a certain amount of rainwater accumulates by a method using a float or a method of providing a throttle,
In addition, the introduction of rainwater into the storage tank is not started unless the amount of rainfall exceeds a certain level, but it is not possible to more appropriately control the start time of the introduction of rainwater into the storage tank according to the rainfall situation. For example, in the prior art provided with the above-described constricted portion, the rainwater is gradually discharged from the rainwater receiving portion so that the point of introduction of the rainwater into the storage tank is slightly shifted according to the magnitude of the rainfall. Until then, it is impossible to change the preset operation characteristics such as the required rainfall.
【０００５】また、従来の雨水の集水システムの場合、
地域の状況（例えば粉塵の多少）或いは家屋の状況（例
えば屋根面積）などに応じて雨水の導入開始を早めたり
遅らせたりするには、配管のサイズ、配管の形状や構造
そのものを変更する必要があるために、簡単に状況に応
じた調節を行うことができず、設置場所の状況に対する
対応性に欠けるという問題点がある。In the case of a conventional rainwater collecting system,
To speed up or delay the start of rainwater introduction depending on local conditions (for example, the amount of dust) or house conditions (for example, roof area), it is necessary to change the pipe size, pipe shape and structure itself. For this reason, there is a problem that it is not possible to easily perform adjustment according to the situation, and it lacks responsiveness to the situation of the installation location.
【０００６】さらに、雨水を集める場合に最も問題とな
るのは雨水に混合してくる塵埃（特には小枝、石などの
大きなものも流れてくる。）であり、これにより配管が
詰まって集水システムそのものが機能しなくなったり、
流路切換機構が動作しなくなったりするという問題点が
ある。上記従来の種々のシステムはこの目詰まりへの対
策が必ずしも充分でなく、長期に亘ってメンテナンス無
しで機能させることは非常に困難である。Further, the most problematic problem in collecting rainwater is dust mixed with the rainwater (especially large ones such as twigs and stones also flow). The system itself stops working,
There is a problem that the flow path switching mechanism does not operate. The above-mentioned various conventional systems do not always have sufficient countermeasures against the clogging, and it is very difficult to operate them for a long time without maintenance.
【０００７】そこで本発明は上記問題点を解決するもの
であり、その課題は、降雨状況に応じて的確に雨水を集
水することができるとともに、設置場所の状況に応じて
集水機能の調節を容易に行うことができ、しかも、目詰
まりが発生し難く、メンテナンスを低減できる雨水の集
水技術を提供することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to collect rainwater accurately according to the rainfall conditions and to adjust the water collecting function according to the situation of the installation place. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rainwater collecting technique which can easily perform the above-mentioned operation, and is less likely to cause clogging and can reduce maintenance.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
に本発明が講じた手段は、雨水の流入部と、雨水を取り
込むための集水部との間に開口部を備えた雨水排出用の
バイパス経路を設け、前記バイパス経路へ流入する雨水
の少なくとも一部を受け入れるとともに雨水を少しずつ
排出し、しかも前記バイパス経路内において可動に構成
された雨水受部材を配置し、前記雨水受部材と連動して
前記バイパス経路内への雨水の流入を制御する流入制御
手段を設け、前記雨水受部材内の水量増加により前記流
入制御手段が前記バイパス経路内への雨水の流入を減少
させ若しくは遮断するように構成されていることを特徴
とする雨水の流路切換装置である。Means taken by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is to provide a rainwater discharge device having an opening between a rainwater inflow portion and a rainwater collecting portion for taking in rainwater. The bypass path is provided, receives at least a part of the rainwater flowing into the bypass path, and discharges the rainwater little by little, and furthermore, a movable rainwater receiving member is arranged in the bypass path, and the rainwater receiving member is provided. Inflow control means for controlling inflow of rainwater into the bypass path in conjunction therewith is provided, and the inflow control means reduces or shuts off inflow of rainwater into the bypass path by increasing the amount of water in the rainwater receiving member. It is a flow path switching device for rainwater characterized by having such a configuration.
【０００９】この手段によれば、流入部から集水部まで
の間にバイパス経路の開口部が設けられているために雨
水はバイパス経路に流れ込むが、バイパス経路内には雨
水受部材が配置されており、この雨水受部材に水が流入
して雨水受部材内の水量が増加すると流入制御手段が動
作してバイパス経路内への雨水の流入を減少させ若しく
は遮断するように動作するため、バイパス経路に排出さ
れない雨水は集水部から雨水タンクなどに導入される。
雨水受部材は排水口を備えているため、少しずつ雨水を
排出し、雨水受部材の内部の水量が減少すると雨水受部
材に連動する流通制御手段により再びバイパス経路内に
雨水が流れ込むので、流入制御手段によりバイパス経路
からの排水が再開され、また、バイパス経路内への雨水
の流入により再び雨水受部材に水が溜まるとバイパス経
路への排水が減少若しくは遮断されるというように、バ
イパス経路への排水は繰り返し行われるか、或いは、雨
水受部材内の水量と流入制御手段によるバイパス経路へ
の雨水の流入量とがバランスして定常状態に向かう。し
たがって、雨水の流入量が多くなると迅速に集水部へ雨
水を供給することができるが、雨水の流入量が少なけれ
ば集水部への雨水の供給がなされないか、或いは、当初
はしばらくバイパス経路へ雨水を排出してから集水部へ
の雨水の供給を開始させることができるので、降雨初期
の酸性度の高い水や塵埃を多く含んだ水を適宜に排除す
ることができる。また、バイパス経路内に可動に収容し
た雨水受部材及びこれに連動した流入制御手段によって
集水部への雨水の供給を制御していることにより、配管
形状や構造などに変更を加えなくとも雨水受部材や流入
制御手段を調節、変更することによって制御特性を調
整、変更することができるため、設置場所の状況などに
柔軟に対応することができる。さらに、雨水取込み中に
おいてもバイパス経路からの排水がなされるとともに、
雨水受部材を常に移動させ開閉部材を繰り返し動作させ
ておくように設定することもできるので、バイパス経路
のゴミ詰まりを防止することができる。According to this means, rainwater flows into the bypass path because the opening of the bypass path is provided between the inflow section and the water collecting section, but a rainwater receiving member is disposed in the bypass path. When water flows into the rainwater receiving member and the amount of water in the rainwater receiving member increases, the inflow control means operates to operate to reduce or shut off the inflow of rainwater into the bypass path. Rainwater that is not discharged to the channel is introduced into the rainwater tank from the catchment section.
Since the rainwater receiving member has a drain port, the rainwater is discharged little by little, and when the amount of water inside the rainwater receiving member decreases, the rainwater flows into the bypass path again by the flow control means linked to the rainwater receiving member, so The drainage from the bypass path is restarted by the control means, and the drainage to the bypass path is reduced or cut off when water is accumulated in the rainwater receiving member again due to the inflow of rainwater into the bypass path. Is repeatedly performed, or the amount of rainwater in the rainwater receiving member and the amount of rainwater flowing into the bypass path by the flow control means are balanced, and a steady state is reached. Therefore, if the inflow of rainwater increases, rainwater can be quickly supplied to the catchment section. However, if the inflow of rainwater is small, the supply of rainwater to the collection section is not performed, or the bypass is initially bypassed for a while. Since the supply of rainwater to the water collecting portion can be started after discharging the rainwater to the path, water having high acidity and water containing a large amount of dust at the beginning of rainfall can be appropriately removed. In addition, since the supply of rainwater to the water collection section is controlled by the rainwater receiving member movably accommodated in the bypass path and the inflow control means interlocked with the rainwater receiving member, the rainwater can be received without changing the piping shape or structure. Since the control characteristics can be adjusted and changed by adjusting and changing the receiving member and the inflow control means, it is possible to flexibly respond to the situation of the installation location and the like. Furthermore, drainage from the bypass route is performed even during rainwater intake,
Since the rainwater receiving member can always be moved and the opening / closing member can be set to be repeatedly operated, it is possible to prevent the bypass path from being clogged with dust.
【００１０】請求項１において、前記流入制御手段は、
前記バイパス経路に設けられた流通口と、該流通口に接
近、離反可能な開閉部材とを備え、該開閉部材は前記雨
水受部材に連結されているとともに弾性部材を介して前
記バイパス経路に対し支持されており、前記雨水受部材
内の水の重量により前記弾性部材の弾性力に抗して前記
開閉部材を前記流通口の実質的な流通断面積を減少させ
若しくは前記流通口を閉鎖するように構成されているこ
とが好ましい。この手段によれば、開閉部材を弾性部材
を介して流路に対し支持させるとともに開閉部材を雨水
受部材に連結し、雨水受部材への水の流入により重量が
増加すると開閉部材が弾性部材の弾性力に抗して流通口
を狭めたり閉鎖したりするようになっているので、簡単
な構造で雨水受部材内の水量に応じて流入制御手段を動
作させることができる。[0010] In claim 1, the inflow control means includes:
A flow port provided in the bypass path, and an opening / closing member that can approach and separate from the flow port, is provided with the opening / closing member connected to the rainwater receiving member and with respect to the bypass path via an elastic member. The opening / closing member is supported by the weight of the water in the rainwater receiving member, against the elastic force of the elastic member, so as to reduce the substantial flow cross-sectional area of the flow opening or close the flow opening. It is preferable that it is comprised. According to this means, the opening / closing member is supported by the flow path via the elastic member, and the opening / closing member is connected to the rainwater receiving member. When the weight increases due to the inflow of water into the rainwater receiving member, the opening / closing member becomes the elastic member. Since the flow opening is narrowed or closed against the elastic force, the inflow control means can be operated with a simple structure according to the amount of water in the rainwater receiving member.
【００１１】請求項２において、前記バイパス経路内に
おいて前記雨水受部材は前記開閉部材によって吊下支持
されていることが望ましい。この手段によれば、雨水受
部材が開閉部材によって吊下支持されていることによ
り、雨水受部材の重量変化をより確実に開閉部材に伝
え、簡易な構造で開閉部材を動作させることができる。Preferably, the rainwater receiving member is suspended and supported by the opening / closing member in the bypass path. According to this means, since the rainwater receiving member is suspended and supported by the opening / closing member, the weight change of the rainwater receiving member can be more reliably transmitted to the opening / closing member, and the opening / closing member can be operated with a simple structure.
【００１２】請求項３において、前記雨水受部材の下端
部には雨水を排出するための排水口が設けられ、該排水
口が排水可能な状態で前記排水口に対して前記雨水受部
材の可動方向に挿入されるとともに前記バイパス経路に
対して固定された挿入部材を備え、該挿入部材により前
記雨水受部材の下端部が支持されていることが望まし
い。この手段によれば、雨水受部材の下端部に形成され
た排水口に挿入部材が挿入されていることにより、雨水
受部材の下部を挿入部材により支持することができると
同時に、雨水受部材が移動する際に挿入部材は排水口に
対して相対的に移動するため、挿入部材の挿脱方向への
動作により塵埃などによる排水口の目詰まりを防止する
ことができる。[0012] In the third aspect, a drain port for discharging rainwater is provided at a lower end of the rainwater receiving member, and the rainwater receiving member is movable with respect to the drain port in a state where the drain port can be drained. It is desirable that an insertion member be inserted in the direction and fixed to the bypass path, and the lower end portion of the rainwater receiving member be supported by the insertion member. According to this means, the lower part of the rainwater receiving member can be supported by the insertion member by inserting the insertion member into the drain port formed at the lower end of the rainwater receiving member, and at the same time, the rainwater receiving member is When the insertion member moves, the insertion member moves relative to the drain port, so that the insertion member in the insertion / removal direction can prevent the drain port from being clogged by dust or the like.
【００１３】請求項１において、前記雨水受部材は雨水
を排出するための排水口を備え、前記バイパス経路内に
おいて前記排水口が排水可能な状態で前記排水口に対し
て前記雨水受部材の可動方向に挿入された挿入部材が設
けられていることが好ましい。3. The rainwater receiving member according to claim 1, wherein the rainwater receiving member has a drain port for discharging rainwater, and the rainwater receiving member is movable with respect to the drain port in a state where the drain port can be drained in the bypass path. It is preferable that an insertion member inserted in the direction is provided.
【００１４】請求項１において、前記集水部は、前記流
入部から伸びて前記バイパス経路の開口部よりも高い位
置において雨水タンクに開口する集水管により構成され
ていることが好ましい。このようにすれば、バイパス経
路への雨水の排出が流入量よりも少ない場合に限って確
実に雨水タンクに雨水を導くことができる。[0014] In the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the water collecting section is formed by a water collecting pipe extending from the inflow section and opening to the rainwater tank at a position higher than an opening of the bypass path. In this way, the rainwater can be reliably guided to the rainwater tank only when the discharge of the rainwater to the bypass path is smaller than the inflow amount.
【００１５】請求項１において、前記流入部には前記集
水管の接続部よりも上方位置に排水管が接続されている
ことが好ましい。請求項６において、前記流入部に排水
管が接続されている場合、前記集水管の前記雨水タンク
に対する開口部は、前記流入部における前記排水管の接
続部よりも僅かに下方に形成されていることが好まし
い。請求項１において、前記流入部には、前記集水管の
接続位置より上流側に防塵フィルタが設けられているこ
とが望ましい。この場合には、流入部は前記集水部の接
続位置よりも下方に伸びていることが効果的であって、
このとき、前記防塵フィルタについても、前記流入部の
内部を前記集水部の接続位置より下方に伸びていること
が効果的である。また、前記防塵フィルタは、前記集水
部の接続位置に対面していると同時に前記流入部の内面
との間にも全周的に間隔を備えていることが効果的であ
る。請求項１において、前記流入部に排水管が接続され
ている場合、前記バイパス経路は前記排水管の下流部に
合流していることが好ましい。請求項２において、前記
開閉部材と前記雨水受部材とは可撓性部材により連結さ
れていることが好ましい。また、雨水受部材の雨水の受
入口にはフィルタが装着されていることが好ましい。な
お、上記各手段は、前記集水部を雨水タンクに接続する
ことによって構成される雨水の収集システムの一部とし
て用いられる場合に特に有効である。In the first aspect, it is preferable that a drain pipe is connected to the inflow section at a position higher than a connection section of the water collecting pipe. In claim 6, when a drain pipe is connected to the inflow part, an opening of the water collection pipe with respect to the rainwater tank is formed slightly below a connection part of the drain pipe in the inflow part. Is preferred. In claim 1, it is preferable that the inflow portion is provided with a dust filter upstream of a connection position of the water collecting pipe. In this case, it is effective that the inflow portion extends below the connection position of the water collecting portion,
At this time, it is effective that the dustproof filter also extends inside the inflow portion below the connection position of the water collecting portion. In addition, it is effective that the dustproof filter is provided with a space around the connection position of the water collecting portion and at the same time with the inner surface of the inflow portion. In claim 1, when a drain pipe is connected to the inflow part, it is preferable that the bypass path joins a downstream part of the drain pipe. In claim 2, it is preferable that the opening / closing member and the rainwater receiving member are connected by a flexible member. Further, it is preferable that a filter is attached to the rainwater receiving port of the rainwater receiving member. Each of the above-mentioned means is particularly effective when used as a part of a rainwater collecting system constituted by connecting the water collecting section to a rainwater tank.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の実施の形態】次に、添付図面を参照して本発明
に係る雨水の流路切換装置及びこれを用いた雨水の収集
システムの実施形態について説明する。図１は雨水の流
路切換装置の概略構造を示す模式的な拡大断面図であ
る。この流路切換装置１０は、管状の流入管１１と、こ
の流入管１１の側壁に開口１２ａを備える集水管１２
と、集水管１２の途中の下部壁面に開口１３ａを備えた
バイパス管１３と、集水管１２の開口１２ａよりも上方
に流入管１１に対する開口１４ａを備えた排水管１４と
を備えている。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, an embodiment of a rain water flow path switching device according to the present invention and a rain water collecting system using the same will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic enlarged sectional view showing a schematic structure of a rainwater flow path switching device. The flow path switching device 10 includes a tubular inflow pipe 11 and a water collection pipe 12 having an opening 12 a in a side wall of the inflow pipe 11.
And a bypass pipe 13 having an opening 13 a in a lower wall surface in the middle of the water collecting pipe 12, and a drain pipe 14 having an opening 14 a for the inflow pipe 11 above the opening 12 a of the water collecting pipe 12.
【００１７】流入管１１はその上端に開口１１ａを備え
ており、開口１１ａは家屋の雨樋などに接続される。流
入管１１は集水管１２の開口１２ａよりも下に伸びてそ
の下端に開口１１ｂを備え、この開口１１ｂはキャップ
１５によって密封されている。流入管１１の下部には上
下端部に外側に張り出した縁部を備えた略円筒状のフィ
ルタ１１ｃが収容されており、フィルタ１１ｃは、開口
１２ａの上方から開口１１ｂの下方のキャップ１５の内
部にまで伸びている。フィルタ１１ｃは流入管１１の内
壁との間に全周に亘って僅かな間隔を備えるように同芯
状に収容されており、開口１１ａを通過して流入した雨
水がフィルタ１１ｃを通過して開口１２ａから集水管１
２へと導かれるように構成されている。The inflow pipe 11 has an opening 11a at its upper end, and the opening 11a is connected to a rain gutter of a house. The inflow pipe 11 extends below the opening 12 a of the water collecting pipe 12 and has an opening 11 b at the lower end thereof. The opening 11 b is sealed by a cap 15. A substantially cylindrical filter 11c having edges protruding outward at upper and lower ends is accommodated in a lower portion of the inflow pipe 11, and the filter 11c is disposed inside the cap 15 below the opening 11b from above the opening 12a. Has grown to The filter 11c is accommodated concentrically with the inner wall of the inflow pipe 11 so as to have a slight space over the entire circumference, and the rainwater flowing in through the opening 11a passes through the filter 11c and is opened. Water collection pipe 1 from 12a
2.
【００１８】集水管１２は開口１２ａからほぼ水平に伸
びて、貯槽である雨水タンク２０内に導入され、雨水タ
ンク２０の内部において上方に屈曲して上方に向いた開
口１２ｂを備えている。なお、本実施形態においては、
集水管１２における開口１２ｂの近傍が上述の集水部に
相当する。集水管１２の側壁下部にはバイパス管１３の
開口１３ａが設けられ、バイパス管１３は開口１３ａか
らほぼ垂直下方に伸びている。バイパス管１３の内部に
はほぼ垂直姿勢の雨水受管１６が収容され、この雨水受
管１６はワイヤや紐などの条材２６によって球状の開閉
部材１７に連結され、この開閉部材１７は開口１３ａの
近傍に上端が固定されたコイルバネなどの弾性部材１８
の下端に接続されている。このため、雨水受管１６は、
条材２６、開閉部材１７及び弾性部材１８によってバイ
パス管１３の内部に吊り下げられた状態となっている。The water collecting pipe 12 extends substantially horizontally from the opening 12a, is introduced into a rainwater tank 20, which is a storage tank, and has an opening 12b that is bent upward and directed upward in the rainwater tank 20. In the present embodiment,
The vicinity of the opening 12b in the water collecting pipe 12 corresponds to the water collecting part described above. An opening 13a of a bypass pipe 13 is provided below the side wall of the water collecting pipe 12, and the bypass pipe 13 extends substantially vertically downward from the opening 13a. A rainwater receiving pipe 16 having a substantially vertical posture is accommodated inside the bypass pipe 13, and the rainwater receiving pipe 16 is connected to a spherical opening / closing member 17 by a strip 26 such as a wire or a string. Elastic member 18 such as a coil spring whose upper end is fixed near
Is connected to the lower end. For this reason, the rainwater receiving pipe 16
It is in a state of being suspended inside the bypass pipe 13 by the strip member 26, the opening / closing member 17 and the elastic member 18.
【００１９】開閉部材１７の下方にはバイパス管１３の
内部に一体的に形成された上部流通口１３ｂが設けら
れ、この上部流通口１３ｂに開閉部材１７が上方から押
し付けられるとバイパス管１３の雨水の流通が遮断され
るようになっている。雨水受管１６の上端部には管材端
部を斜めに切断した形状の上部開口１６ａが設けられ、
上記条材２６の下端は上部開口１６ａの内部において固
定されている。上部開口１６ａには除塵フィルタとして
の機能を有する網板１６ｃが取り付けられている。雨水
受管１６の下端部には上部開口１６ａよりもかなり小さ
な径の排水口１６ｂが形成され、この排水口１６ｂに
は、バイパス管１３の下部に固定された支持枠１３ｃに
接続されることによりバイパス管１３の内部にほぼ垂直
に固定された軸材１９が挿入されている。軸材１９の外
径は排水口１６ｂの内径よりも或る程度小さく形成さ
れ、軸材１９の周囲から雨水が僅かではあるが流下する
ように構成されている。Below the opening / closing member 17, there is provided an upper flow opening 13b integrally formed inside the bypass pipe 13. When the opening / closing member 17 is pressed against the upper flow opening 13b from above, the rain water in the bypass pipe 13 is removed. Distribution is cut off. The upper end of the rainwater receiving pipe 16 is provided with an upper opening 16a having a shape obtained by diagonally cutting the end of the pipe material,
The lower end of the strip 26 is fixed inside the upper opening 16a. A mesh plate 16c having a function as a dust filter is attached to the upper opening 16a. A drain port 16b having a diameter considerably smaller than that of the upper opening 16a is formed at a lower end portion of the rainwater receiving pipe 16, and the drain port 16b is connected to a support frame 13c fixed to a lower portion of the bypass pipe 13. A shaft member 19 fixed substantially vertically is inserted into the inside of the bypass pipe 13. The outer diameter of the shaft member 19 is formed to be smaller than the inner diameter of the drainage port 16b to some extent, so that rainwater flows down from the periphery of the shaft member 19 though slightly.
【００２０】排水管１４は流入管１１に対する開口１４
ａから下方に伸びて下水や排水溝などに接続される。開
口１４ａはフィルタ１１ｃの収容部よりも上方に形成さ
れており、雨水タンク２０内が満水となって集水管１２
へ雨水が流れない場合にはフィルタ１１ｃを通過しない
雨水がオーバーフローして排水管１４内に排出されるよ
うになっている。バイパス管１３の下流部分は排水管１
４の下部に接続されている。集水管１２の雨水タンク２
０内における開口１２ｂの高さに対し、排水管１４の開
口１４ａの下端部は長さｓだけ上方に位置している。な
お、雨水タンク２０については後に詳述するが、上部に
蓋体２１を装着することにより外部から塵埃や光などが
侵入しないように構成されている。The drain pipe 14 has an opening 14 for the inflow pipe 11.
a, which extends downward from a and is connected to sewage and drains. The opening 14a is formed above the accommodation portion of the filter 11c, and the inside of the rainwater tank 20 becomes full and the water collecting pipe 12
When rainwater does not flow, rainwater that does not pass through the filter 11c overflows and is discharged into the drain pipe 14. The downstream part of the bypass pipe 13 is the drain pipe 1
4 is connected to the lower part. Rainwater tank 2 of water collection pipe 12
The lower end of the opening 14a of the drainpipe 14 is located above the length s with respect to the height of the opening 12b in 0. Although the rainwater tank 20 will be described later in detail, the lid 21 is mounted on the upper part to prevent dust and light from entering from outside.
【００２１】次に、上記雨水の流路切換装置の実施形態
の機能について説明する。この実施形態においては、雨
樋などから雨水が流入管１１内に落下してくると、流入
管１１内の下部に雨水が溜まり、或る程度の量になると
フィルタ１１ｃを通過して開口１２ａから集水管１２内
に雨水が流れ出す。集水管１２内に進入した雨水は開口
１３ａからバイパス管１３内に入り、上部流通口１３ｂ
を通過してバイパス管１３内を流下する。このとき、上
部流通口１３ｂを通過した雨水の一部は上部開口１６ａ
から雨水受管１６内に進入する。雨水受管１６内に進入
した雨水は下端の排水口１６ｂから（排水口１６ｂと軸
材１９との隙間から）排出されるが、排水口１６と軸材
１９との隙間は小さいため、雨量が多いと徐々に雨水受
管１６内に雨水が溜まってくる。Next, the function of the embodiment of the rainwater flow path switching device will be described. In this embodiment, when rainwater falls into the inflow pipe 11 from a rain gutter or the like, the rainwater accumulates in the lower portion of the inflow pipe 11, and when a certain amount is reached, the rainwater passes through the filter 11c and passes through the opening 12a. Rainwater flows into the collecting pipe 12. The rainwater that has entered the collecting pipe 12 enters the bypass pipe 13 through the opening 13a, and flows into the upper circulation port 13b.
And flows down in the bypass pipe 13. At this time, part of the rainwater that has passed through the upper circulation port 13b is
Enters the rainwater receiving pipe 16 from the inside. The rainwater that has entered the rainwater receiving pipe 16 is discharged from the drain port 16b at the lower end (from the gap between the drain port 16b and the shaft member 19). However, since the gap between the drain port 16 and the shaft member 19 is small, the amount of rainfall is small. If the amount is large, rainwater gradually accumulates in the rainwater receiving pipe 16.
【００２２】雨水受管１６内に雨水が溜まってくると雨
水受管１６の重量は増加するので、弾性部材１８の弾性
力に抗して開閉部材１７を下方に押し下げ、雨水受管１
６内の水量が或る程度多くなると開閉部材１７は上部流
通口１３ｂを閉鎖する。上部流通口１３ｂが閉鎖される
と雨水受管１６内には雨水が流入しなくなるので、排水
口１６ｂから雨水が少しずつ排出されると徐々に雨水受
管１６内の水量は減少し、再び開閉部材１７は弾性部材
１８の弾性力によって上昇し、上部流通口１３ｂは開か
れる。このようにして上部流通口１３ｂが開閉を繰り返
している状態でバイパス管１３を流下する水量よりも雨
水の流入量が多いと、集水管１２内の水位は徐々に上昇
し、やがて開口１２ｂから雨水タンク２０内に雨水が流
入する。When the rainwater accumulates in the rainwater receiving pipe 16, the weight of the rainwater receiving pipe 16 increases. Therefore, the opening / closing member 17 is pushed down against the elastic force of the elastic member 18, and the rainwater receiving pipe 1 is pushed down.
When the amount of water in 6 increases to a certain extent, opening / closing member 17 closes upper flow opening 13b. When the upper circulation port 13b is closed, the rainwater does not flow into the rainwater receiving pipe 16, so that when the rainwater is discharged little by little from the drain port 16b, the amount of water in the rainwater receiving pipe 16 gradually decreases and opens and closes again. The member 17 is raised by the elastic force of the elastic member 18, and the upper communication port 13b is opened. When the inflow of rainwater is larger than the amount of water flowing down the bypass pipe 13 in the state where the upper circulation port 13b is repeatedly opened and closed in this way, the water level in the water collection pipe 12 gradually rises, and eventually the rainwater flows from the opening 12b. Rainwater flows into the tank 20.
【００２３】上述のように、バイパス管１３を通過して
排出される最大排水量には限界があるため、雨水の流入
量がこれを越えると雨水タンクへの雨水の導入が開始さ
れる。雨水の流入量がバイパス管１３の最大排水量以下
の場合には、集水管１２から雨水タンク２０への雨水の
流入は発生しない。また、上記最大排水量を越える雨量
があるときでも、雨量によって降雨開始から雨水が雨水
タンク内に導入され始める時間が異なる。雨量が少ない
場合には集水管１２内の水位は徐々に上昇し、長時間か
かって雨水タンク２０への雨水の流入が開始され、ま
た、雨水の流入量も少なくなる。As described above, the maximum amount of drainage discharged through the bypass pipe 13 is limited. Therefore, when the inflow of rainwater exceeds this, the introduction of rainwater into the rainwater tank is started. When the inflow of rainwater is equal to or less than the maximum drainage of the bypass pipe 13, no inflow of rainwater from the water collection pipe 12 to the rainwater tank 20 occurs. In addition, even when there is a rainfall exceeding the maximum drainage, the time when the rainwater starts to be introduced into the rainwater tank from the start of the rain differs depending on the rainfall. When the amount of rainfall is small, the water level in the water collecting pipe 12 gradually rises, and the inflow of rainwater into the rainwater tank 20 is started in a long time, and the inflow of rainwater is also reduced.
【００２４】図２及び図３は、それぞれ、上記実施形態
の雨水の流路切換装置を適用した雨水収集システムの全
体構成を示すものである。このシステムは、上記流路切
換装置１０に雨水タンク２０を接続したものである。雨
水タンク２０は有底円筒状に形成され、その上部開口に
は図３（ａ）に示す蓋体２１が装着される。雨水タンク
２０は架台２２の上に固定された状態で設置される。図
２に示すように、雨水タンク２０の側壁に沿って垂直に
水位計２３が取り付けられており、この水位計２３の内
部は雨水タンク２０の内部に上部及び下部の２箇所にて
連通している。水位計２３の下端部には放水バルブ２４
が取り付けられている。FIGS. 2 and 3 show the entire configuration of a rainwater collecting system to which the rainwater flow path switching device of the above embodiment is applied. In this system, a rainwater tank 20 is connected to the flow path switching device 10. The rainwater tank 20 is formed in a cylindrical shape with a bottom, and a lid 21 shown in FIG. The rainwater tank 20 is installed in a state of being fixed on the gantry 22. As shown in FIG. 2, a water level gauge 23 is attached vertically along the side wall of the rainwater tank 20, and the inside of the water level gauge 23 communicates with the inside of the rainwater tank 20 at two places, an upper part and a lower part. I have. A water discharge valve 24 is provided at the lower end of the water level gauge 23.
Is attached.
【００２５】流路切換装置１０は、雨水タンク２０の側
壁に沿って配置されており、流入管１１に接続された集
水管１２は水平に伸び、途中でほぼ直角に屈曲した後、
雨水タンク２０の側壁上部から内部へと導入されてい
る。バイパス管１３は集水管１２のいずれの位置に接続
されていてもよいが、この例においては、集水管１２に
おける流入管１１との接続部から屈曲部までの間におい
て接続され、そのまま垂直下方に伸びている。排水管１
４は、流入管１１に接続され、流入管１１又は集水管１
２及びバイパス管１３と、雨水タンク２０との間におい
て垂直下方に伸びている。このように排水管１４を流入
管１１又は集水管１２及びバイパス管１３と雨水タンク
２０との間に配置することによって、流路切換装置１０
をコンパクトに纏め、全体の占有容積を低減できるとと
もに、流入管１１やバイパス管１３へのアクセスが容易
になり、メンテナンス性が向上する。The flow path switching device 10 is disposed along the side wall of the rainwater tank 20, and the water collection pipe 12 connected to the inflow pipe 11 extends horizontally, and after being bent at a substantially right angle on the way,
The rainwater tank 20 is introduced into the inside from the upper side wall. The bypass pipe 13 may be connected to any position of the water collecting pipe 12, but in this example, the bypass pipe 13 is connected between the connection part of the water collecting pipe 12 and the inflow pipe 11 to the bent portion, and is vertically vertically lowered as it is. It is growing. Drain pipe 1
4 is connected to the inflow pipe 11 and the inflow pipe 11 or the water collection pipe 1
2, and extends vertically downward between the bypass pipe 13 and the rainwater tank 20. By arranging the drain pipe 14 between the inflow pipe 11 or the water collecting pipe 12 and the bypass pipe 13 and the rainwater tank 20 in this manner, the flow path switching device 10
Are compacted, the total occupied volume can be reduced, the access to the inflow pipe 11 and the bypass pipe 13 is facilitated, and the maintainability is improved.
【００２６】上記実施形態においては、流入管１１に流
入した雨水が集水管１２に進むと、バイパス管１３から
排水されるが、バイパス管１３の排水量は、雨水受管１
６の重量に応じて開閉部材１７が上部流通口１３ｂを開
閉するように構成されているために上限があり、この上
限を越える雨水が流入すると、集水管１２の開口１２ｂ
から雨水タンクへと雨水が流入する。このとき、降雨初
期から雨水受管１６内に水が溜まり開閉部材１７が上部
流通口１３ｂを閉鎖し始め、さらに集水管１２から雨水
タンク２０へ雨水が流入するまでには或る程度の時間が
かかるため、降雨初期において集水された酸性の強い
水、或いは塵埃を多く含んだ水はバイパス管１３を通過
して排出され、雨水タンク２０に流入することがない。In the above embodiment, when the rainwater flowing into the inflow pipe 11 advances to the water collecting pipe 12, the water is drained from the bypass pipe 13.
There is an upper limit because the opening / closing member 17 is configured to open and close the upper circulation port 13b according to the weight of the water 6.
Rainwater flows into the rainwater tank from the river. At this time, water accumulates in the rainwater receiving pipe 16 from the beginning of rainfall, and the opening / closing member 17 starts closing the upper circulation port 13b, and further, it takes a certain time until rainwater flows into the rainwater tank 20 from the water collecting pipe 12. For this reason, the highly acidic water collected in the early stage of rainfall or the water containing much dust is discharged through the bypass pipe 13 and does not flow into the rainwater tank 20.
【００２７】また、上記の降雨開始から雨水タンク２０
に雨水が流入し始めるまでの時間、或いは、バイパス管
１３を通じて排出される水量は、時間当たりの雨量が多
い程少なくなるため、雨量が多く、短時間のうちに雨水
の酸性が緩和され塵埃混入量が低下する場合でも、効率
的に集水を行うことができる。また、これとは逆に、時
間当たりの雨量が少なくなる程、雨水タンク２０に雨水
が流入するまでに時間がかかり、しかも排出される水量
が多くなるため、弱い雨のために降り始めから長時間が
経過しても雨水タンク２０内に雨水が流入することがな
く、酸性の強い水や塵埃を多く含む水が雨水タンク２０
内に進入しない。さらに、単位時間当たりの降雨量がバ
イパス管１３の最大排水量以下である場合には、集水管
１２の開口１２ａから雨水タンク２０の内部に雨水が流
入しない。Also, from the start of the above-mentioned rainfall, the rainwater tank 20
The time required for rainwater to start flowing into the water or the amount of water discharged through the bypass pipe 13 decreases as the amount of rainfall per hour increases, so that the amount of rainfall increases, and the acidity of the rainwater is reduced in a short time, resulting in dust contamination. Even when the amount decreases, water can be collected efficiently. Conversely, the smaller the amount of rainfall per hour, the longer it takes for rainwater to flow into the rainwater tank 20 and the greater the amount of drained water. Even if time elapses, rainwater does not flow into the rainwater tank 20, and water having a strong acidity and a large amount of dust is discharged from the rainwater tank 20.
Do not enter. Further, when the amount of rainfall per unit time is equal to or less than the maximum drainage amount of the bypass pipe 13, the rainwater does not flow into the rainwater tank 20 from the opening 12 a of the water collecting pipe 12.
【００２８】図４は、上記実施形態の雨水の流路切換装
置を用いて実験を行った結果を示すグラフである。流入
管１１の上に流量計付の水供給タンクを接続し、水の供
給量を調節しながら実施形態の動作を確認した。ここ
で、実施形態における上部流通口の内径を６．８ｍｍと
し、雨水受管１６の下部の排水口１６ｂの内径を６．２
ｍｍ、排水口１６ｂに挿入される軸材（丸棒）の外径を
５．０ｍｍとした。水供給タンクからは所定流量で水を
流し、雨水タンク２０に流入する水量（取水量）と、バ
イパス管１３の下部から排出される水量（排水量）とを
測定した。図４において、縦軸は単位時間当たりの取水
量（雨水タンク２０への雨水の取込み量）及び排水管１
４の下部からの排水量（リットル／分）を示し、横軸は
単位時間当たりの水の流入量（リットル／分）を示す。
横軸の流入量１、２、３、４（リットル／分）は、それ
ぞれ２０ｍ２の屋根面積に３、６、９、１２ｍｍ／時間
の降雨があった場合に相当する。図４に示すデータは、
流入量を一定にした場合の定常的な取水量及び排水量を
示すものである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of an experiment performed using the rainwater flow path switching device of the above embodiment. A water supply tank with a flow meter was connected to the inflow pipe 11, and the operation of the embodiment was confirmed while adjusting the water supply amount. Here, the inner diameter of the upper circulation port in the embodiment is 6.8 mm, and the inner diameter of the drain port 16b below the rainwater receiving pipe 16 is 6.2.
mm, the outer diameter of the shaft (round bar) inserted into the drain port 16b was 5.0 mm. Water was flowed from the water supply tank at a predetermined flow rate, and the amount of water flowing into the rainwater tank 20 (water intake) and the amount of water discharged from the lower part of the bypass pipe 13 (water discharge) were measured. In FIG. 4, the vertical axis indicates the amount of water taken per unit time (the amount of rainwater taken into the rainwater tank 20) and the drain pipe 1
4 shows the amount of wastewater (liter / minute) from the lower part, and the horizontal axis shows the amount of water flowing in per unit time (liter / minute).
Inflows 1, 2, 3, 4 (liters / minute) on the horizontal axis correspond to rainfall of 3, 6, 9, 12 mm / hour on a roof area of 20 m 2 , respectively. The data shown in FIG.
It shows the steady water intake and drainage when the inflow is constant.
【００２９】上記実験によれば、流入量が０．７５リッ
トル／分以下では集水管１２から雨水タンク２０への水
の流入は発生せず、流入量が１リットル／分になると徐
々に集水管１２に水が溜まってやがて雨水タンク２０に
水が溜まり始める。取水量の定常値は流入量が１リット
ル／分を越えると流入量にほぼ比例して増大する。一
方、排水量の定常値は流入量が１．５リットル／分に増
大していくと徐々に増大し、流入量が１．５リットル／
分を越えると排水量はほぼ０．７５リットル／分で飽和
する。なお、定常状態であっても、排水量は開閉部材１
７が開閉を繰り返すことによって周期的に変動してい
る。According to the above experiment, when the inflow rate is 0.75 liter / min or less, the water does not flow from the water collection pipe 12 to the rainwater tank 20. When the inflow rate becomes 1 liter / min, the water collection pipe is gradually increased. Water accumulates in the rainwater tank 20 and then begins to accumulate in the rainwater tank 20. The steady value of the water intake increases almost in proportion to the inflow when the inflow exceeds 1 liter / min. On the other hand, the steady value of the drainage rate gradually increases as the inflow rate increases to 1.5 l / min, and the inflow rate increases to 1.5 l / min.
After that, the drainage volume is saturated at about 0.75 liter / minute. In addition, even in the steady state, the amount of drainage is
7 changes periodically by repeating opening and closing.
【００３０】また、上記のように流入量が一定である場
合でも、流入開始から取水量及び排水量が定常値に達す
るまでの時間は流入量によって異なり、流入量が多いほ
ど定常値に達するまでの時間が短くなる。単位時間当た
りの流入量（リットル／分）と、流入開始から取水開始
（雨水タンクへの雨水の流入開始）までの時間との関係
を表１に示す。表１には、流入開始から取水開始まで
の、雨水タンクへ取り込まれずに最終的に廃棄される廃
棄水量（リットル）を併記してある。Further, even when the inflow amount is constant as described above, the time from the start of inflow until the water intake amount and the drainage amount reach the steady-state value varies depending on the inflow amount. Time is shortened. Table 1 shows the relationship between the inflow rate (liter / minute) per unit time and the time from the start of inflow to the start of water intake (start of inflow of rainwater into the rainwater tank). Table 1 also shows the amount of waste water (liter) that is not taken into the rainwater tank and finally discarded from the start of inflow to the start of water intake.
【００３１】[0031]
【表１】 流入量 定常状態に達する時間 廃棄水量 ────────────────────────────────── １．０ 約７分 約７．０ １．５ ２分５０秒〜３分１０秒 約４．５ ２．０ 約２分 約４．０ ２．５ １分１０秒〜１分２０秒 約３．１ ３．０ ５０秒〜１分 約２．８ ３．５ ４２秒〜４８秒 約２．６ ──────────────────────────────────[Table 1] Inflow volume Time to reach steady state Wastewater volume 量 1.0 About 7 minutes About 7.0 1.5 2 minutes 50 seconds to 3 minutes 10 seconds About 4.5 2.0 About 2 minutes About 4.0 2.5 1 minute 10 seconds to 1 minute 20 seconds About 3.1 3 0.0 50 seconds to 1 minute Approx. 2.8 3.5 42 seconds to 48 seconds Approx. 2.6 ───────
【００３２】このように、単位時間当たりの流入量すな
わち降雨量が少なくなるほど取水開始までに廃棄する雨
水の量が多くなるため、降り始めの酸性度の高い雨水又
は塵埃を含んだ雨水の取込みを防止することができる。
降雨が激しい場合には酸性度の低下や塵埃の混入量の低
下が迅速に起こるが、取水開始までの排水量が少なくな
るので、効率的に雨水を集めることができる。なお、本
実施形態においては、雨水の取り込み開始後においても
バイパス管を通じた排水が継続して行われるため、バイ
パス管のゴミ詰まりを抑制することができる。As described above, since the amount of rainwater to be discarded before starting water intake increases as the amount of inflow per unit time, that is, the amount of rainfall decreases, it is necessary to take in rainwater containing high acidity or dust containing dust at the start of rainfall. Can be prevented.
If the rainfall is severe, the acidity and the amount of dust mixed in quickly decrease, but the amount of drainage until the start of water intake decreases, so that rainwater can be collected efficiently. In addition, in this embodiment, since the drainage through the bypass pipe is performed continuously even after the start of rainwater intake, clogging of the bypass pipe with dust can be suppressed.
【００３３】上記図４及び表１に示したデータは実験上
のものであり、実際に家屋の雨樋などに取り付ける装置
としては、屋根面積や雨樋の長さ、屋根や雨樋などに堆
積する粉塵量、降雨開始後の酸性度変化状況などを勘案
して、取水可能な時間当たりの最低流入量、取水開始ま
での廃棄水量を適宜に設定する。これらの設定は、弾性
部材１８の弾性や雨水受管１６の重量、雨水受管１６の
上部開口１６ａの水流入率、上部流通口１３ｂや排出口
１６ｂの開口面積などによって調整できる。The data shown in FIG. 4 and Table 1 are experimental data. As a device to be actually attached to a rain gutter of a house, a roof area, a length of a rain gutter, a pile on a roof or a rain gutter, etc. The minimum amount of inflow per hour that water can be withdrawn and the amount of wastewater until the start of water withdrawal are appropriately set in consideration of the amount of dust generated, the acidity change after the start of rainfall, and the like. These settings can be adjusted by the elasticity of the elastic member 18, the weight of the rainwater receiving pipe 16, the water inflow rate of the upper opening 16 a of the rainwater receiving pipe 16, the opening area of the upper circulation port 13 b and the discharge port 16 b, and the like.
【００３４】集水管１２における雨水タンク２０内の開
口１２ｂは、排水管１４の流入管１１に対する開口１４
ａの最低位よりもｓだけ下に位置するようになっている
ことから、通常はこの高低差ｓによって集水管１２から
雨水タンク２０へと水が流入可能になっている。雨水タ
ンク２０内の水位が上昇して集水管１２の開口１２ｂよ
りも高低差ｓだけ高くなると、流入管１１から排水管１
４への雨水の排出が開始され、雨水タンク２０内の水位
はそれ以上上昇しない。The opening 12b in the rainwater tank 20 in the water collecting pipe 12 is connected to the opening 14b of the drain pipe 14 with respect to the inflow pipe 11.
Since it is located below the lowest position of a by s, water can normally flow from the water collecting pipe 12 to the rainwater tank 20 by the height difference s. When the water level in the rainwater tank 20 rises and becomes higher than the opening 12b of the water collecting pipe 12 by the height difference s, the drain pipe 1
The discharge of the rainwater into the rainwater tank 4 starts, and the water level in the rainwater tank 20 does not rise any more.
【００３５】上記実施形態では、特に、雨水中に混入す
るゴミ、埃、枯葉などの異物を想定して、これらの塵埃
が雨水中に混入していても全く支障のないように配慮さ
れている。流入管１１内に流入した雨水はまず流入管１
１の下部に流れ込んで対流しながらフィルタ１１ｃを通
過し、集水管１２に入るようになっている。したがっ
て、フィルタ１１ｃの内側は常に雨水が対流しているの
で、攪拌作用によりフィルタ１１ｃの目詰まりが発生し
にくく、しかも、フィルタ１１ｃは流入管１１の内周面
との間に全周的に間隔を備えているため、雨水の通過は
フィルタ１１ｃの全体において比較的均等に行われ、集
水管１２の開口１２ａの部分だけ目詰まりが極端に進行
することが抑制される。フィルタ１１ｃの下端は開口し
ており、流入管１１の下部に螺合しているキャップ１５
を外すとそのままフィルタ内部のゴミなどを取り出すこ
とができるようになっており、また、フィルタ１１ｃ自
体も清掃のために容易に取り出すことができるようにな
っている。In the above embodiment, in particular, foreign matters such as dust, dust, dead leaves and the like mixed in rainwater are assumed, and consideration is made so that even if these dusts are mixed in rainwater, there is no problem. . The rainwater flowing into the inflow pipe 11 is
1, flows through the filter 11 c while convectionally flowing, and enters the water collecting pipe 12. Therefore, since rainwater is always convection inside the filter 11c, clogging of the filter 11c is unlikely to occur due to the stirring action, and furthermore, the filter 11c is entirely spaced from the inner peripheral surface of the inflow pipe 11. , The passage of rainwater is performed relatively uniformly throughout the filter 11c, and the clogging of the opening 12a of the water collecting pipe 12 is prevented from being extremely advanced. The lower end of the filter 11c is open, and the cap 15 screwed to the lower part of the inflow pipe 11 is provided.
Is removed, dust and the like inside the filter can be taken out as it is, and the filter 11c itself can be taken out easily for cleaning.
【００３６】雨水受管１６は開閉部材１７に対して条材
２６を介して吊り下げられている。このため、条材２６
を可撓性のある細径のワイヤ（細い針金、ステンレスワ
イヤなど）、紐（テグス、たこ糸）などで構成すると、
雨水の流入による重量増で開閉部材１７が下降し、ま
た、開閉部材１７の下降による雨水流入の中断に起因し
て排水口１６ｂからの雨水の流出による重量減で再び開
閉部材１７が上昇するという繰り返し動作において水平
方向の揺れが発生する。この雨水受管１６の揺れによっ
て、開閉部材も揺動し、バイパス管１３の上部（上部流
通口１３ｂなど）におけるゴミなどの目詰まりが防止さ
れるとともに、開閉部材１７が所定位置で動かなくなっ
てしまうことも防止される。The rainwater receiving pipe 16 is suspended from the opening / closing member 17 via a strip 26. For this reason, the strip 26
Is composed of a flexible thin wire (thin wire, stainless wire, etc.), string (tex, octopus thread), etc.
The opening / closing member 17 descends due to the weight increase due to the inflow of the rainwater, and the opening / closing member 17 rises again due to the weight reduction due to the outflow of the rainwater from the drain port 16b due to the interruption of the rainwater inflow due to the lowering of the opening / closing member 17. In the repetitive operation, horizontal shaking occurs. The swinging of the rainwater receiving pipe 16 also swings the opening / closing member, thereby preventing clogging of dust or the like at the upper portion (such as the upper circulation port 13b) of the bypass pipe 13 and preventing the opening / closing member 17 from moving at a predetermined position. Is also prevented.
【００３７】一方、雨水受管１６の下部の排水口１６ｂ
には軸材１９が挿入されており、雨水受管１６の下部の
平面位置を保持している。雨水受管１６が上記の繰り返
し動作によって上下に移動すると、排水口１６ｂの開口
縁部もまた軸材１９に対して上下に移動するため、軸材
１９の挿脱方向の移動により排水口１６ｂに微細なごみ
などが詰まることを防止することができる。雨水受管１
６の上部開口１６ａには網板１６ｃが取り付けられてい
るため、雨水受管１６の内部には大きな塵埃は進入しな
いようになっているが、微細な塵埃は進入し、排水口１
６ｂに目詰まりを起こす可能性があるからである。On the other hand, a drain port 16b below the rainwater receiving pipe 16
The shaft member 19 is inserted into the, and holds the plane position of the lower part of the rainwater receiving pipe 16. When the rainwater receiving pipe 16 moves up and down by the above-described repetitive operation, the opening edge of the drainage port 16b also moves up and down with respect to the shaft member 19, so that the movement of the shaft member 19 in the insertion and removal direction causes the drainage port 16b to move to the drainage port 16b. It is possible to prevent fine dust and the like from being clogged. Rainwater pipe 1
Since the mesh plate 16c is attached to the upper opening 16a of the sewage tube 6, large dust does not enter the inside of the rainwater receiving pipe 16, but fine dust enters and the drain port 1
This is because clogging may occur in 6b.
【００３８】雨水受管１６の上部開口１６ａは所定の傾
斜角で斜めに切り落とされた形状に成形されており、こ
こに上記網板１６ｃが張られている。この上部開口１６
ａの傾斜角を備えた形状は、上部流通口１３ｂから流入
する雨水のうちの一定割合を雨水受管１６内に導くため
に設計されたものである。傾斜角を大きくするほど雨水
受管１６内に流入する水量割合を低下させることができ
る。また、バイパス管１３内に雨水受管１６を配置し、
その上部開口１６ａをバイパス管１３の内周面に接触し
ないように所定の間隔を以て配置することにより、上部
流通口１３ｂが大きい場合には雨水の流入量が少なけれ
ばバイパス管１３の内周面に沿って雨水が流れ落ちるた
めに雨水受管１６に流入する雨水は極めて少なくなり、
雨水の流入量が多くなると急激に雨水受管１６に流入す
る水量が増大するように構成することができる。また、
図１に示すように上部流通口１３ｂが或る程度絞られた
形状となっている場合には、雨水が上部流通口１３ｂを
通過すると円錐状に散水状態でバイパス管１３の内部に
流入するので、バイパス管１３の内部断面積に対する雨
水受管１６の上部開口１６ａの開口面積比とほぼ等しい
割合の水が雨水受管１６内に流入することになる。この
場合には、雨水の流入量が少ない場合には雨水受管１６
内に流入する水量割合を高め、雨水の流入量が多くなる
と雨水受管１６内に流入する水量割合を低下させること
も可能である。The upper opening 16a of the rainwater receiving pipe 16 is formed into a shape which is cut off obliquely at a predetermined inclination angle, and the mesh plate 16c is stretched here. This upper opening 16
The shape having the inclination angle of a is designed to guide a certain percentage of the rainwater flowing from the upper circulation port 13b into the rainwater receiving pipe 16. As the inclination angle is increased, the proportion of the amount of water flowing into the rainwater receiving pipe 16 can be reduced. Also, a rainwater receiving pipe 16 is arranged in the bypass pipe 13,
By arranging the upper opening 16a at a predetermined interval so as not to contact the inner peripheral surface of the bypass pipe 13, when the upper circulation port 13b is large, if the inflow of rainwater is small, the upper opening 16a is disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the bypass pipe 13. The amount of rainwater flowing into the rainwater receiving pipe 16 due to the rainwater flowing down along is extremely small,
It can be configured such that when the inflow of rainwater increases, the amount of water flowing into the rainwater receiving pipe 16 rapidly increases. Also,
As shown in FIG. 1, when the upper circulation port 13b has a shape narrowed to some extent, when rainwater passes through the upper circulation port 13b, it flows into the inside of the bypass pipe 13 in a conical water spray state. Therefore, water having a ratio substantially equal to the ratio of the opening area of the upper opening 16 a of the rainwater receiving pipe 16 to the internal sectional area of the bypass pipe 13 flows into the rainwater receiving pipe 16. In this case, when the inflow of rainwater is small,
It is also possible to increase the ratio of the amount of water flowing into the inside, and to decrease the ratio of the amount of water flowing into the rainwater receiving pipe 16 when the amount of rainwater flowing in increases.
【００３９】本実施形態では、雨水受管１６の動作によ
ってバイパス管１６内の排水量を制御するようになって
いるので、雨水受管１６の交換などの方法によりバイパ
ス管１３内の雨水受管１６や弾性部材１８の形状、重
量、排水量などを変えるだけで、主要配管系（流入管１
１、集水管１２、バイパス管１３、排水管１４）を何ら
変更することなく流路の切換制御特性を調整、変更する
ことができるという顕著な効果を奏する。従来のこの種
の装置はいずれも配管形状に大きく依存しており、予め
設計された特性しか発揮することができない。本発明は
設置場所の状況に応じて適宜の特性を容易に構成するこ
とができ、設置後に特性を変更することもきわめて容易
である。In this embodiment, since the amount of drainage in the bypass pipe 16 is controlled by the operation of the rainwater receiving pipe 16, the rainwater receiving pipe 16 in the bypass pipe 13 is replaced by a method such as replacement of the rainwater receiving pipe 16. The main piping system (inflow pipe 1)
1. There is a remarkable effect that the switching control characteristics of the flow path can be adjusted and changed without changing the water collecting pipe 12, the bypass pipe 13, and the drain pipe 14). Conventional devices of this type all depend heavily on the shape of the pipe, and can only exhibit characteristics designed in advance. According to the present invention, it is possible to easily configure appropriate characteristics according to the situation of the installation location, and it is extremely easy to change the characteristics after installation.
【００４０】本実施形態では、降雨時に或る程度の雨量
が継続している限り、開閉部材１７が開閉を繰り返しな
がら雨水タンク２０へと雨水を供給するように構成され
ているが、開閉部材１７の上下位置により上部流通口１
３ｂの実質的な開口面積が増減するように構成すること
により、降雨量と開閉部材１７の上下位置とがバランス
し、降雨量が一定になると開閉部材１７の上下位置が所
定位置にて収束するように構成することも可能である。
この場合には、雨水受部材の上下運動によるゴミ詰まり
の防止効果は低下するが、排水は継続しているためにゴ
ミ詰まりを誘発することはそれ程なく、その他の作用は
上記とほぼ同様になる。なお、この場合も、上記実施形
態の場合にも、軸材１９の所定高さ位置に合成ゴムなど
からなる受部材を取付けて、この受部材によって雨水受
管１６が所望位置よりも下に降りないように構成するこ
ともできる。この場合には、雨水受管１６を受部材が下
支えすることにより、開閉部材１７が上部流通口１３ｂ
に密着したり、開閉部材１７と上部流通口１３との間に
大きな応力が加わることを防止できる。In this embodiment, as long as a certain amount of rainfall continues during rainfall, the opening / closing member 17 is configured to supply rainwater to the rainwater tank 20 while repeating opening and closing. Upper distribution port 1 depending on the vertical position of
By configuring so that the substantial opening area of 3b increases or decreases, the amount of rainfall and the vertical position of the opening and closing member 17 are balanced, and when the rainfall becomes constant, the vertical position of the opening and closing member 17 converges at a predetermined position. Such a configuration is also possible.
In this case, the effect of preventing dust clogging due to the vertical movement of the rainwater receiving member is reduced, but since the drainage is continued, the clogging of the dust is not so much induced, and the other actions are almost the same as above. . Also in this case, in the case of the above embodiment, a receiving member made of synthetic rubber or the like is attached to the shaft member 19 at a predetermined height position, and the rainwater receiving pipe 16 is lowered below the desired position by this receiving member. It can also be configured not to. In this case, the rainwater receiving pipe 16 is supported by the receiving member, so that the opening / closing member 17 is connected to the upper communication port 13b.
And a large stress is applied between the opening / closing member 17 and the upper circulation port 13.
【００４１】[0041]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、雨水の流入量が多
くなると迅速に集水部へ雨水を供給することができる
が、雨水の流入量が少なければ集水部への雨水の供給が
なされないか、或いは、当初はしばらくバイパス経路へ
雨水を排出してから集水部への雨水の供給を開始させる
ことができるので、降雨初期の酸性度の高い水や塵埃を
多く含んだ水を適宜に排除することができる。また、バ
イパス経路内に可動に収容した雨水受部材及びこれに連
動した流入制御手段によって集水部への雨水の供給を制
御していることにより、配管形状や構造などに変更を加
えなくとも雨水受部材や流入制御手段を調節、変更する
ことによって制御特性を調整、変更することができるた
め、設置場所の状況などに柔軟に対応することができ
る。さらに、雨水取り込み中にもバイパス経路からの排
水がなされるとともに、雨水受部材を常に移動させ開閉
部材を繰り返し動作させておくように設定することもで
きるので、バイパス経路内のゴミ詰まりを防止すること
ができる。As described above, when the inflow of rainwater is large, rainwater can be quickly supplied to the water collecting section. However, when the inflow of rainwater is small, the rainwater cannot be supplied to the water collecting section. It is not possible, or it is possible to start the supply of rainwater to the catchment part after draining rainwater to the bypass path for a while, so that water with high acidity and dust-rich water at the beginning of rainfall is appropriately Can be eliminated. In addition, since the supply of rainwater to the water collection section is controlled by the rainwater receiving member movably accommodated in the bypass path and the inflow control means interlocked with the rainwater receiving member, the rainwater can be received without changing the piping shape or structure. Since the control characteristics can be adjusted and changed by adjusting and changing the receiving member and the inflow control means, it is possible to flexibly respond to the situation of the installation location and the like. Furthermore, since drainage from the bypass path is performed even during rainwater intake, and the rainwater receiving member can be constantly moved and the opening / closing member can be repeatedly operated, it is possible to prevent clogging of dust in the bypass path. be able to.
【図１】本発明に係る雨水の流路切換装置の実施形態の
構成を示す模式的な拡大断面図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an embodiment of a rainwater flow switching device according to the present invention.
【図２】上記実施形態を用いて構成した雨水の収集シス
テムの全体構成（ただし、雨水タンクの蓋体を外した状
態）を示す平面図（ａ）及び正面図（ｂ）である。FIG. 2 is a plan view (a) and a front view (b) showing the entire configuration of a rainwater collection system configured using the above-described embodiment (with the lid of the rainwater tank removed).
【図３】上記の雨水の収集システムの蓋体を示す平面図
（ａ）及び収集システムの側面図（ｂ）である。FIG. 3A is a plan view showing a lid of the rainwater collecting system, and FIG. 3B is a side view of the collecting system.
【図４】上記実施形態を用いて雨水の単位時間当たりの
流入量と、単位時間当たりの取水量及び廃棄水量との定
常値の関係を示す実験データを表現したグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing experimental data showing a relationship between steady-state values of the inflow amount of rainwater per unit time, the water intake amount and the wastewater amount per unit time, using the embodiment.
１０ 雨水の流路切換装置 １１ 流入管 １１ｃ フィルタ １２ 集水管 １２ａ，１２ｂ 開口 １３ バイパス管 １３ａ 開口 １３ｂ 上部流通口 １４ 排水管 １６ 雨水受管 １６ａ 上部開口 １６ｂ 排水口 １７ 開閉部材 １８ 弾性部材 １９ 軸材 ２０ 雨水タンク ２６ 条材 Reference Signs List 10 Rainwater flow switching device 11 Inflow pipe 11c Filter 12 Water collecting pipe 12a, 12b opening 13 Bypass pipe 13a opening 13b Upper circulation port 14 Drain pipe 16 Rainwater receiving pipe 16a Upper opening 16b Drain port 17 Opening / closing member 18 Elastic member 19 Shaft 20 rainwater tank 26 strips
Claims (6)
集水部との間に開口部を備えた雨水排出用のバイパス経
路を設け、前記バイパス経路へ流入する雨水の少なくと
も一部を受け入れるとともに雨水を少しずつ排出し、し
かも前記バイパス経路内において可動に構成された雨水
受部材を配置し、前記雨水受部材と連動して前記バイパ
ス経路内への雨水の流入を制御する流入制御手段を設
け、前記雨水受部材内の水量増加により前記流入制御手
段が前記バイパス経路内への雨水の流入を減少させ若し
くは遮断するように構成されていることを特徴とする雨
水の流路切換装置。1. A rainwater discharge bypass path having an opening provided between a rainwater inflow section and a rainwater intake section, and receives at least a part of rainwater flowing into the bypass path. And draining the rainwater little by little, furthermore, arranging a rainwater receiving member movably arranged in the bypass path, and controlling inflow control means for controlling inflow of rainwater into the bypass path in conjunction with the rainwater receiving member. A rainwater flow switching device, wherein the inflow control means is configured to reduce or shut off the inflow of rainwater into the bypass path by increasing the amount of water in the rainwater receiving member.
は、前記バイパス経路に設けられた流通口と、該流通口
に接近、離反可能な開閉部材とを備え、該開閉部材は前
記雨水受部材に連結されているとともに弾性部材を介し
て前記バイパス経路に対し支持されており、前記雨水受
部材内の水の重量により前記弾性部材の弾性力に抗して
前記開閉部材を前記流通口の実質的な流通断面積を減少
させ若しくは前記流通口を閉鎖するように構成されてい
ることを特徴とする雨水の流路切換装置。2. The rainwater receiving member according to claim 1, wherein the inflow control means includes a flow port provided in the bypass path, and an opening / closing member capable of approaching and separating from the flow port. Are connected to the bypass path via an elastic member, and the opening / closing member is substantially connected to the communication port by the weight of water in the rainwater receiving member against the elastic force of the elastic member. A flow passage switching device for rainwater, wherein the flow passage switching device is configured to reduce a typical flow cross-sectional area or close the flow opening.
において前記雨水受部材は前記開閉部材によって吊下支
持されていることを特徴とする雨水の流路切換装置。3. The rainwater flow path switching device according to claim 2, wherein the rainwater receiving member is suspended and supported by the opening / closing member in the bypass path.
端部には雨水を排出するための排水口が設けられ、該排
水口が排水可能な状態で前記排水口に対して前記雨水受
部材の可動方向に挿入されるとともに前記バイパス経路
に対して固定された挿入部材を備え、該挿入部材により
前記雨水受部材の下端部が支持されていることを特徴と
する雨水の流路切換装置。4. The rainwater receiving member according to claim 3, wherein a drainage port for discharging rainwater is provided at a lower end of the rainwater receiving member, and the drainage port is capable of draining the rainwater with respect to the drainage port. A rainwater flow path switching device, comprising an insertion member inserted in the movable direction of the above and fixed to the bypass path, and the lower end of the rainwater receiving member is supported by the insertion member.
水を排出するための排水口を備え、前記バイパス経路内
において前記排水口が排水可能な状態で前記排水口に対
して前記雨水受部材の可動方向に挿入されるとともに前
記バイパス経路に対して固定された挿入部材が設けられ
ていることを特徴とする雨水の流路切換装置。5. The rainwater receiving member according to claim 1, wherein the rainwater receiving member includes a drainage port for discharging rainwater, and the drainage port is drainable in the bypass path with respect to the drainage port. A rainwater flow path switching device, wherein an insertion member inserted in the movable direction of the rainwater and fixed to the bypass path is provided.
流入部から伸びて前記バイパス経路の開口部よりも高い
位置において雨水タンクに開口する集水管により構成さ
れていることを特徴とする雨水の流路切換装置。6. The water collecting part according to claim 1, wherein the water collecting part is constituted by a water collecting pipe extending from the inflow part and opening to the rainwater tank at a position higher than an opening of the bypass passage. Rainwater flow switching device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16170798A JP3308211B2 (en) | 1998-06-10 | 1998-06-10 | Rainwater flow switching device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16170798A JP3308211B2 (en) | 1998-06-10 | 1998-06-10 | Rainwater flow switching device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11350541A JPH11350541A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
| JP3308211B2 true JP3308211B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 |
Family
ID=15740358
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16170798A Expired - Fee Related JP3308211B2 (en) | 1998-06-10 | 1998-06-10 | Rainwater flow switching device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3308211B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5388757B2 (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2014-01-15 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Rain water reservoir |
| CN114521418B (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2023-12-29 | 海南省安心果业有限责任公司 | Single-column cultivation frame and standardized cultivation method for dragon fruits |
-
1998
- 1998-06-10 JP JP16170798A patent/JP3308211B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH11350541A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
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