JP3199131B2 - Method for producing silicon needle crystal - Google Patents

Method for producing silicon needle crystal

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Publication number
JP3199131B2
JP3199131B2 JP15411592A JP15411592A JP3199131B2 JP 3199131 B2 JP3199131 B2 JP 3199131B2 JP 15411592 A JP15411592 A JP 15411592A JP 15411592 A JP15411592 A JP 15411592A JP 3199131 B2 JP3199131 B2 JP 3199131B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
silicon
gas
needle
crystal
sicl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP15411592A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH05320000A (en
Inventor
良典 照井
隆一 寺崎
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Denka Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK filed Critical Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK
Priority to JP15411592A priority Critical patent/JP3199131B2/en
Publication of JPH05320000A publication Critical patent/JPH05320000A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3199131B2 publication Critical patent/JP3199131B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、例えば微小真空デバイ
ス、或いは走査トンネル顕微鏡や原子間力顕微鏡をはじ
めとする走査プローブ顕微鏡のプローブ及びその他電子
デバイスに使用できるシリコンの針状結晶の製造方法に
関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a needle-like crystal of silicon which can be used for a micro vacuum device, a probe of a scanning probe microscope such as a scanning tunnel microscope and an atomic force microscope, and other electronic devices. Things.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】まず、本願発明の理解を容易にするため
に本発明の背景技術となる、基板の所定の位置に針状結
晶を形成する方法について説明する。この方法は、「R.
S.Wagner and W.C.Ellis:Appl.Phys Letters 4(1964)8
9 」に開示されているものである。図1はかかる針状結
晶の形成方法を説明するための図である。図1(a)に
示すように、表面が(111) 面であるシリコン単結晶1の
所定の位置に金粒子2を載置する。これをSiH4、SiCl4
などのシリコンを含むガスの雰囲気の中でSi−Au合金の
融点以上に加熱する。Si−Au合金はその融点が低いた
め、金粒子2は載置された部分にこの合金の液滴が出来
る。
2. Description of the Related Art First, a method of forming a needle-like crystal at a predetermined position on a substrate, which is a background art of the present invention, to facilitate understanding of the present invention will be described. This method is described in R.
S. Wagner and WCEllis: Appl. Phys Letters 4 (1964) 8
9 ". FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a method of forming such a needle-like crystal. As shown in FIG. 1A, gold particles 2 are placed at predetermined positions on a silicon single crystal 1 whose surface is a (111) plane. This is SiH 4 , SiCl 4
In an atmosphere of a gas containing silicon such as, for example, the material is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the Si-Au alloy. Since the melting point of the Si-Au alloy is low, droplets of the gold particles 2 are formed on the portion where the gold particles 2 are placed.

【0003】この時、ガスの熱分解により、シリコンが
雰囲気中より取り込まれるが、液状体は他の固体状態に
比べてシリコン原子を取り込み易く、Si−Au合金中の液
滴中には次第にシリコンが過剰になる。この過剰シリコ
ンはシリコン基板1上にエピタキシャル成長し同図
(b)に示すように〔111 〕軸方向に沿って針状結晶3
が成長する。また、針状結晶3は単結晶であり、基板1
の結晶方位と同一方位を有する。また、針状結晶3の直
径は液滴の直径とほぼ同一である。尚、以上の結晶成長
機構はVLS(Vapor-Liquid-Solid)成長と呼ばれてお
り以降VLS成長と記す。
At this time, silicon is taken in from the atmosphere due to the thermal decomposition of the gas. However, the liquid material easily takes in silicon atoms as compared with other solid states, and silicon is gradually contained in droplets in the Si-Au alloy. Becomes excessive. This excess silicon is epitaxially grown on the silicon substrate 1 and, as shown in FIG.
Grows. The needle-like crystal 3 is a single crystal, and the substrate 1
Has the same orientation as the crystal orientation. The diameter of the needle crystal 3 is substantially the same as the diameter of the droplet. The above-described crystal growth mechanism is called VLS (Vapor-Liquid-Solid) growth, and is hereinafter referred to as VLS growth.

【0004】ところで、Au粒子を置く替わりにフォトリ
ソグラフ法、メッキ、蒸着法、エッチングなどを組み合
わせることによりシリコン基板上にAuを島状にパターン
化しVLS成長を行えば、基板上の所望の位置に針状結
晶を形成することが可能であり、種々の用途に応用する
ことが可能であると考えられる。しかし、前述のWagner
らの方法では、Auの粒子を用いていたため、Auのアスペ
クト比、即ち(Auの厚み)/(Auの直径)は〜1程度で
あり、一方フォトリソグラフ法、メッキ、蒸着法、エッ
チングなどを組み合わせて作成したAuの島状パターンの
アスペクト比は1よりはるかに小さい。このようにアス
ペクト比が小さい場合には、図2−(b)に示すよう
に、1ケのAuの島状パターンに1本の針状結晶が形成さ
れず径の大きな針状結晶の周辺に複数の針状結晶が生成
したり、著しい場合には図2−(c)に示すように1ケ
のAuの島状パターンに微細な針状結晶の集合体が得られ
ることが知られている。
[0004] By combining photolithography, plating, vapor deposition, etching and the like in place of placing Au particles, Au is patterned into islands on a silicon substrate and VLS growth is performed. It is possible to form needle-like crystals, and it is considered that they can be applied to various uses. However, the aforementioned Wagner
In these methods, since Au particles are used, the aspect ratio of Au, that is, (the thickness of Au) / (the diameter of Au) is about 11, while photolithography, plating, vapor deposition, etching, and the like are used. The aspect ratio of the Au island pattern created in combination is much smaller than 1. When the aspect ratio is small in this manner, as shown in FIG. 2B, one needle-like crystal is not formed in one Au island-like pattern, and the periphery of the needle-like crystal having a large diameter is formed. It is known that a plurality of needle-like crystals are generated, or in a case where the number of needle-like crystals is remarkable, an aggregate of fine needle-like crystals is obtained in a single Au island pattern as shown in FIG. .

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述したように、従
来、1ケの島状パターンに1本の針状結晶が形成され
ず、複数の針状結晶が随伴したり、あるいは、微細な針
状結晶の集合体が生成するという問題点があった。本発
明は、これらの問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、
基板上の所望の位置に単一の欠陥のないシリコン針状結
晶を成長させることを目的とするものである。
As described above, conventionally, one needle-like crystal is not formed in one island-like pattern, and a plurality of needle-like crystals accompany, or fine needle-like, There was a problem that an aggregate of crystals was formed. The present invention has been made in view of these problems,
It is intended to grow a single defect-free silicon needle crystal at a desired position on a substrate.

【0006】[0006]

【0007】[0007]

【課題を解決しようとする手段】 本願第の発明のシリ
コン針状結晶の製造方法は、珪素を含むガス中にシリコ
ン単結晶基板を配置して、VLS成長法によってシリコ
ンの針状結晶を成長する方法において、前記基板上の所
望の位置に、前記シリコン単結晶と合金を形成する金属
層または前記シリコン単結晶よりも融点の低い金属層を
形成した後、はじめにSiCl4ガスとH2ガスのモル比
〔SiCl4〕/〔H2〕が0.04以上のSiCl4
スとH2ガスを含む混合ガス中で加熱して針状結晶を成
長させ、つづいて前記モル比〔SiCl4〕/〔H2〕が
0.04未満の前記混合ガス中で加熱することを特徴と
する。
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a silicon needle crystal, in which a silicon single crystal substrate is arranged in a gas containing silicon, and a silicon needle crystal is grown by VLS growth. In the method, after forming a metal layer forming an alloy with the silicon single crystal or a metal layer having a lower melting point than the silicon single crystal at a desired position on the substrate, first, a SiCl 4 gas and a H 2 gas are mixed. The needle-like crystal is grown by heating in a mixed gas containing SiCl 4 gas and H 2 gas having a molar ratio [SiCl 4 ] / [H 2 ] of 0.04 or more, followed by the molar ratio [SiCl 4 ] / [H 2 ] is characterized by heating in the mixed gas of less than 0.04.

【0008】本願第の発明のシリコン針状結晶の製造
方法は第1の発明おいて、SiCl4ガスとH2ガスを
含む混合ガスを反応管内に流して、シリコン針状結晶を
析出する方法であって、前記反応管内のシリコン析出領
域の全長の1/2以上下流にシリコン単結晶基板を配置
することを特徴とする。
[0008] The present method for manufacturing a silicon needles of the second invention is flowed in the reaction tube the mixture gas containing fraud and mitigating risk SiCl 4 gas and H 2 gas to the first invention, to deposit silicon needles The method is characterized in that a silicon single crystal substrate is arranged at least one half of the entire length of a silicon deposition region in the reaction tube downstream.

【0009】[0009]

【作用】本発明はシリコン単結晶基板上の所望の位置に
フォトリソグラフ法とウェット・エッチングによって、
シリコン単結晶と合金を形成する金属層を形成し、適正
に制御されたモル比〔SiCl4 〕/〔H2 〕のSiCl4 ガス
とH2 ガスを含む混合ガス中で加熱処理してシリコン針
状結晶を成長させる。SiCl4 ガスとH2 ガスのモル比
〔SiCl4 〕/〔H2 〕によって、シリコン針状結晶の成
長状態が異なり、図3(a),(b),(c)に示す形
態のものができるが、いずれも単結晶構造となる。本発
明の目的とするシリコン針状結晶は(a)のものがよ
い。
According to the present invention, a desired position on a silicon single crystal substrate is formed by photolithography and wet etching.
A metal layer for forming an alloy with a silicon single crystal is formed, and heated in a mixed gas containing a SiCl 4 gas and a H 2 gas at an appropriately controlled molar ratio [SiCl 4 ] / [H 2 ] to obtain a silicon needle. Grow crystalline crystals. Depending on the molar ratio of SiCl 4 gas and H 2 gas [SiCl 4 ] / [H 2 ], the growth state of the silicon needle-like crystal differs, and the one shown in FIGS. However, all have a single crystal structure. The silicon needle-like crystal intended for the present invention is preferably (a).

【0010】ところで、図5に示すように〔SiCl4 〕/
〔H2 〕の比が0.1 以上の領域ではこの比の増加にとも
ないシリコン針状結晶の成長速度は低下するが、これは
2濃度が低下し還元効率が下がるためである。この傾
向は反応管を使用して行う場合は反応管内の基板位置が
下流になるほど顕著である。シリコン針状結晶の用途に
よってはその長さが例えば数mm程度必要な場合には成長
初期のみ〔SiCl4 〕/〔H2 〕比を0.04以上に保ち、そ
の後〔SiCl4 〕/〔H2 〕比を小さくして成長速度を高
くすることにより約300 μm/hr程度の高い成長速度が
得られる。原料ガスであるSiCl4 ガスとH2 ガスの混合
ガスは、反応に直接関与しないAr ,Ne,He,N2
などの不活性ガスを混合してもよい。
By the way, as shown in FIG. 5, [SiCl 4 ] /
In the region where the ratio of [H 2 ] is 0.1 or more, the growth rate of the silicon needle-like crystal decreases with an increase in this ratio, because the H 2 concentration decreases and the reduction efficiency decreases. This tendency becomes more remarkable as the position of the substrate in the reaction tube becomes more downstream when the reaction is performed using the reaction tube. Depending on the application of the silicon needle crystal, if the length is required, for example, about several mm, the [SiCl 4 ] / [H 2 ] ratio is maintained at 0.04 or more only in the initial stage of the growth, and then [SiCl 4 ] / [H 2 ] By increasing the growth rate by decreasing the ratio, a high growth rate of about 300 μm / hr can be obtained. A mixed gas of SiCl 4 gas and H 2 gas, which is a raw material gas, contains Ar, Ne, He, N 2 gas which does not directly participate in the reaction.
Such inert gas may be mixed.

【0011】従って、図2(a)に示す良好なシリコン
針状結晶は、シリコン単結晶上の所望の位置に形成した
金属層を介して、シリコン針状結晶が成長し始める成長
初期の段階では結晶成長速度が遅い方が、単一の結晶を
成長させることができるので、混合ガスのモル比〔SiCl
4 〕/〔H2 〕は0.04以上で行い、その後の成長はその
ままの条件でつづけても勿論よいが、さらに成長の早い
モル比0.04未満で成長させることによって、効率よく得
ることができる。
Therefore, the good silicon needle-like crystal shown in FIG. 2 (a) is formed at the initial stage of the growth of the silicon needle-like crystal via the metal layer formed at a desired position on the silicon single crystal. Since a single crystal can be grown at a lower crystal growth rate, the molar ratio of the mixed gas (SiCl
[ 4 ] / [H 2 ] is not less than 0.04, and the subsequent growth may be continued under the same conditions. Of course, it can be obtained efficiently by growing at a faster molar ratio of less than 0.04.

【0012】本発明はバッチの反応装置でもできるが、
連続装置で行うと効率がよい。たとえば、抵抗加熱式環
状炉のような反応管内での位置が影響する。すなわち、
ガスの流れは層流であればより好ましく、かつ反応
管内のシリコン析出領域の全長Lの1/2以上下流であ
れば単一の形態のよい針状結晶を得ることができる。こ
こで、反応管内のシリコン析出領域の全長Lは肉眼で認
められる反応管壁にシリコンが析出しているのが認めら
れる領域の長さをいう。反応管内の試料設置位置(0.3
L, 0.5 L ,L)と単結晶の相対成長速度の関係を図5
に示す。
Although the present invention can be applied to a batch reactor,
It is efficient to use a continuous device. For example, the position in a reaction tube such as a resistance heating ring furnace affects. That is,
The gas flow is more preferably a laminar flow, and a single needle-shaped good needle-like crystal can be obtained if the gas flow is at least 1/2 of the total length L of the silicon deposition region in the reaction tube. Here, the total length L of the silicon deposition region in the reaction tube refers to the length of the region where silicon is observed to be visually observed on the reaction tube wall. Sample setting position in the reaction tube (0.3
L, 0.5 L, L) and the relative growth rate of the single crystal are shown in FIG.
Shown in

【0013】[0013]

【実施例】本発明の一例について具体的に説明する。図
3に示すように、直径5cmの石英製反応管を抵抗加熱
式環状炉(加熱体長さ90cm)中に設置した。面方位が
(111) のシリコン単結晶基板上に蒸着法と電気メッキに
より形成した膜厚1.0um のAu薄膜を直径100um のドット
状にフォトリソグラフ法とウェット・エッチングによっ
て加工し、この基板を反応管内の種々の位置に置き、全
流量を1.0 リットル/min に固定し、〔SiCl4 〕/〔H
2 〕比を変えてVLS成長を実施した。その結果、図4
に示す条件で、それぞれのシリコン針状結晶の形態を示
すものが得られた。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One example of the present invention will be specifically described. As shown in FIG. 3, a quartz reaction tube 4 having a diameter of 5 cm was placed in a resistance heating annular furnace 5 (heating body length 90 cm). Plane orientation
A 1.0 μm thick Au thin film formed on a (111) silicon single crystal substrate by vapor deposition and electroplating was processed into a dot shape of 100 μm diameter by photolithography and wet etching. , The total flow rate is fixed at 1.0 liter / min, and [SiCl 4 ] / [H
2 ] VLS growth was carried out by changing the ratio. As a result, FIG.
Under the conditions shown in (1), the ones showing the respective forms of the silicon needle crystals were obtained.

【0014】以上の結果から、〔SiCl4 〕/〔H2 〕比
を0.04以上、望ましくは0.1 程度に保ち、基板を反応管
内の反応管内壁のシリコンが析出している領域の全長L
の上流から1/2Lよりも下流の位置に、望ましくはL
よりも下流の位置に置くことにより島状にパターン化し
たAu薄膜の個々の島に1本のシリコン針状結晶を対応す
るように形成することが出来る。〔SiCl4 〕/〔H2
比は大きくても0.5以下、好ましい範囲は0.3 〜 0.06
がよい。
From the above results, the [SiCl 4 ] / [H 2 ] ratio is maintained at 0.04 or more, desirably about 0.1, and the entire length L of the region of the reaction tube where silicon is deposited on the inner wall of the reaction tube is maintained.
At a position downstream of 1 / 2L from the upstream of the
By arranging it at a position further downstream, one silicon needle crystal can be formed so as to correspond to each island of the Au thin film patterned in an island shape. [SiCl 4 ] / [H 2 ]
The ratio is at most 0.5 or less, and the preferred range is 0.3 to 0.06.
Is good.

【0015】[0015]

【発明の効果】本発明の製造方法によれば、単結晶基板
上の所望の位置に対応して単一の、良好な形状を有する
シリコン針状結晶を製造することができ、微小真空デバ
イス、或いは走査トンネル顕微鏡や原子間力顕微鏡をは
じめとする走査顕微鏡のプローブ及びその他電子デバイ
スとして有効に利用することができる。
According to the manufacturing method of the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a single silicon needle crystal having a good shape corresponding to a desired position on a single crystal substrate. Alternatively, it can be effectively used as a probe of a scanning microscope such as a scanning tunnel microscope or an atomic force microscope and other electronic devices.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の針状単結晶の製造方法を示す図であ
る。
FIG. 1 is a view showing a method for producing a needle-like single crystal of the present invention.

【図2】針状単結晶の成長状態と形態を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a growth state and a morphology of a needle-like single crystal.

【図3】針状単結晶を成長させる装置の図を示す。FIG. 3 shows a diagram of an apparatus for growing a needle-like single crystal.

【図4】本発明の実施例の単結晶成長条件と得られた単
結晶の形態を示す図である。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a single crystal growth condition and an obtained single crystal morphology according to an example of the present invention.

【図5】本発明のシリコン単結晶成長速度の〔Sicl4
/〔H2〕依存性を示す図である。
FIG. 5 shows the growth rate of silicon single crystal of the present invention [Sicl 4 ].
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing / [H 2 ] dependence.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols] 1:シリコン単結晶基板1: Single crystal silicon substrate 2:金粒子2: Gold particles 3:針状結晶3: Acicular crystals 4:反応管4: Reaction tube 5:環状炉5: Ring furnace 6:〔Sicl6: [Sicl 4Four 〕/〔H ] / [H 2Two 〕混合ガス] Gas mixture

Claims (2)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】珪素を含むガス中にシリコン単結晶基板を
配置して、VLS成長法によってシリコンの針状結晶を
成長する方法において、前記基板上の所望の位置に、前
記シリコン単結晶と合金を形成する金属層または前記シ
リコン単結晶よりも融点の低い金属層を形成した後、は
じめにSiCl4ガスとH2ガスのモル比〔SiCl4
/〔H2〕が0.04以上のSiCl4ガスとH2ガスを
含む混合ガス中で加熱して針状結晶を成長させ、つづい
て前記モル比〔SiCl4〕/〔H2〕が0.04未満の
前記混合ガス中で加熱することを特徴とするシリコン針
状結晶の製造方法。
1. A method of growing a silicon single crystal substrate in a gas containing silicon and growing a needle-like crystal of silicon by a VLS growth method, wherein the silicon single crystal and the alloy are placed at a desired position on the substrate. Or a metal layer having a lower melting point than the silicon single crystal, and then a molar ratio of SiCl 4 gas to H 2 gas [SiCl 4 ]
/ [H 2 ] is heated in a mixed gas containing SiCl 4 gas and H 2 gas of 0.04 or more to grow acicular crystals, and then the molar ratio [SiCl 4 ] / [H 2 ] is 0. A method for producing a silicon needle-like crystal, characterized by heating in the mixed gas of less than 0.04.
【請求項2】反応管内にSiCl4ガスとH2ガスを含む
混合ガスを流して、シリコン針状結晶を析出する方法で
あって、前記反応管内のシリコン析出領域の全長の1/
2以上下流にシリコン単結晶基板を配置することを特徴
とする請求項1シリコン針状結晶の製造方法。
2. A method for depositing silicon needle-like crystals by flowing a mixed gas containing SiCl 4 gas and H 2 gas into a reaction tube, the method comprising:
2. The method for producing a silicon needle crystal according to claim 1, wherein a silicon single crystal substrate is arranged at least two downstream.
JP15411592A 1992-05-22 1992-05-22 Method for producing silicon needle crystal Expired - Fee Related JP3199131B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP15411592A JP3199131B2 (en) 1992-05-22 1992-05-22 Method for producing silicon needle crystal

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP15411592A JP3199131B2 (en) 1992-05-22 1992-05-22 Method for producing silicon needle crystal

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH05320000A JPH05320000A (en) 1993-12-03
JP3199131B2 true JP3199131B2 (en) 2001-08-13

Family

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