JP3197500B2 - Organic polymer protected metal cluster composite - Google Patents
Organic polymer protected metal cluster compositeInfo
- Publication number
- JP3197500B2 JP3197500B2 JP05523497A JP5523497A JP3197500B2 JP 3197500 B2 JP3197500 B2 JP 3197500B2 JP 05523497 A JP05523497 A JP 05523497A JP 5523497 A JP5523497 A JP 5523497A JP 3197500 B2 JP3197500 B2 JP 3197500B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- polymer
- cluster
- protected
- metal cluster
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 73
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 73
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 metal complex compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000885 poly(2-vinylpyridine) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BWLBGMIXKSTLSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(O)=O BWLBGMIXKSTLSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L palladium(ii) acetylacetonate Chemical compound [Pd+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CHYBTAZWINMGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraoctylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC CHYBTAZWINMGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QFCJBOUUDANSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-buta-1,3-dienylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=N1 QFCJBOUUDANSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010277 boron hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- VICYBMUVWHJEFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C VICYBMUVWHJEFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002343 gold Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006113 non-polar polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006112 polar polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005199 ultracentrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この出願の発明は、有機ポリ
マー保護金属クラスター複合体に関するものである。さ
らに詳しくは、この出願の発明は、触媒、非線形光学材
料、導電性プラスチック、帯電防止材、プラスチック充
填材等として有用な、新しい有機ポリマー保護金属クラ
スター複合体とその製造方法に関するものである。The present invention relates to an organic polymer-protected metal cluster composite. More specifically, the invention of this application relates to a novel organic polymer-protected metal cluster composite useful as a catalyst, a nonlinear optical material, a conductive plastic, an antistatic material, a plastic filler, and the like, and a method for producing the same.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術とその課題】従来より、貴金属をはじめと
する金属の微粉体は各種の化学反応のための触媒として
用いられており、その触媒の活性は粒径が小さいほど大
きいことが知られている。だが、粒径の小さい金属微粉
体は、表面の金属原子が相互に結合して凝集しやすく、
通常は、そのままでは粒径の小さな金属が安定に存在す
ることは困難である。たとえば、なかでも粒径が小さい
ことが知られている白金黒でさえも、50nm(ナノメ
ートル)以上の粒径を持っており、これ以下の粒径のも
のは存在させることが難しいのが実情である。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, fine powders of metals such as noble metals have been used as catalysts for various chemical reactions, and it is known that the activity of such catalysts increases as the particle size decreases. ing. However, in the case of fine metal powder with a small particle size, metal atoms on the surface are likely to bind together and aggregate,
Usually, it is difficult to stably exist a metal having a small particle size as it is. For example, even platinum black, which is known to have a small particle size, has a particle size of 50 nm (nanometer) or more, and it is difficult to make particles with a particle size smaller than 50 nm. It is.
【0003】このような状況において、より粒径の小さ
な、10nm以下の径の金属粉末体を安定に存在させ
て、その凝集を防ぐために、金属微粉体を、界面活性剤
やポリマーで金属クラスターとして保護することが検討
されてきており、その保護の方法も各種提案されてい
る。 以下、それらの方法について概観する。 (1)低分子炭化水素で保護された金属クラスター (1−1):界面活性剤による保護方法(Naoki Toshim
a et.al., Chemistry Letters,1245,1985) ドデシルトリメチルアンモニウムやドデシル硫酸ナトリ
ウム等の界面活性剤の水溶液と塩化金酸などの貴金属塩
および還元剤の水溶液を混合し、界面活性剤の形成する
ミセル中金等の貴金属を還元する事により界面活性剤で
保護された金属クラスターを形成する方法である。In such a situation, in order to stably exist a metal powder having a smaller particle diameter and a diameter of 10 nm or less and to prevent agglomeration, the metal fine powder is converted into a metal cluster with a surfactant or a polymer. Protection is being considered, and various methods of protection have been proposed. Hereinafter, those methods will be outlined. (1) Metal cluster protected by low molecular hydrocarbons (1-1): Method of protection by surfactant (Naoki Toshim
a et.al., Chemistry Letters, 1245, 1985) An aqueous solution of a surfactant such as dodecyltrimethylammonium or sodium dodecyl sulfate is mixed with an aqueous solution of a noble metal salt such as chloroauric acid and a reducing agent to form a surfactant. In this method, a noble metal such as gold in micelles is reduced to form a metal cluster protected by a surfactant.
【0004】しかし、この方法で形成される保護金属ク
ラスターは、その表面が保護しているものが界面活性剤
であるため、界面活性剤と金属クラスターとの結合は弱
く、界面活性剤の臨界ミセル濃度以下の濃度では沈殿す
る等安定性に欠け、保護された金属クラスターを精製・
単離する事はできないという欠点がある。 (1−2):末端にメルカプト基を持つ炭化水素による
保護方法(Mathias Brust et al., J. Chem. Soc., Che
m. Commun., 801,1994.) 塩化金酸とテトラオクチルアンモニウムを含む水溶液と
ドデカンチオールと還元剤(BH4 - )のトルエン溶液
を混合する事により、テトラオクチルアンモニウムが塩
化金酸をトルエン相に移動させる。トルエン相で金が還
元され、ドデカンチオールで保護されたnmサイズの金
クラスターを形成する。However, since the surface of the protective metal cluster formed by this method is protected by a surfactant, the bond between the surfactant and the metal cluster is weak, and the critical micelle of the surfactant is used. If the concentration is lower than the concentration, it lacks stability such as precipitation and purifies the protected metal cluster.
It has the disadvantage that it cannot be isolated. (1-2): Method for protecting with a hydrocarbon having a mercapto group at the terminal (Mathias Brust et al., J. Chem. Soc., Che
m. Commun., 801, 1994. By mixing an aqueous solution containing chloroauric acid and tetraoctylammonium with a toluene solution of dodecanethiol and a reducing agent (BH 4 − ), tetraoctylammonium transfers chloroauric acid to the toluene phase. Gold is reduced in the toluene phase to form nm-sized gold clusters protected by dodecanethiol.
【0005】この方法は界面活性剤(炭化水素類)をよ
り強く金属クラスターに結合し、保護クラスターの安定
性を増す方法であり、単離・精製が可能である。だが、
このようにして形成された金属クラスターは、触媒とし
ての取り扱い易さのためまたは非線形光学効果を出すた
め等の理由から、ポリマー中への均一分散が必要とれて
いる。In this method, a surfactant (hydrocarbons) is more strongly bound to a metal cluster to increase the stability of the protection cluster, and isolation and purification are possible. But
The metal cluster thus formed needs to be uniformly dispersed in a polymer for reasons such as ease of handling as a catalyst or exhibiting a nonlinear optical effect.
【0006】しかしながら前記(1−1)および(1−
2)のような保護剤の分子量が200前後と小さい飽和
炭化水素の場合には、自己凝集性が強いため、同類の飽
和炭化水素のポリマーであるポリエチレンプロピレン中
でさえも自己凝集性が強く1μm以上の直径を持つ集合
体となってしまい、均一分散は困難であった。そこで、
低分子系でのこれらの欠点を補うものとして提案されて
いるものが、金属との結合部位を分子内に多く持つポリ
マーを用いる次のような保護クラスターの形成方法であ
る。 (2)ポリマーにより保護された金属クラスター (2−1):水溶性ポリマーで保護された金属クラスタ
ー(Naoki Toshima et.al., Z. Naturforsch, 50a,
283,1995) 塩化パラジウム、塩化白金酸等の貴金属塩をポリビニル
ピロリドンと共に水溶液とし、アルコールで還元するこ
とにより、ポリビニルピロリドンによって保護された金
属クラスターを形成させる方法である。形成された保護
金属クラスターは水溶性である。However, the above (1-1) and (1-)
In the case of a saturated hydrocarbon having a small molecular weight of about 200 as in the case of 2), since the self-aggregation property is strong, the self-aggregation property is strong even in polyethylene propylene, which is a polymer of the same kind of saturated hydrocarbon, at 1 μm. An aggregate having the above diameter was obtained, and uniform dispersion was difficult. Therefore,
What has been proposed to compensate for these disadvantages in a low-molecular-weight system is the following method for forming a protected cluster using a polymer having many binding sites for a metal in the molecule. (2) Metal cluster protected by polymer (2-1): metal cluster protected by water-soluble polymer (Naoki Toshima et.al., Z. Naturforsch, 50a,
283, 1995) In this method, a noble metal salt such as palladium chloride or chloroplatinic acid is converted into an aqueous solution together with polyvinylpyrrolidone, and reduced with an alcohol to form a metal cluster protected by polyvinylpyrrolidone. The formed protective metal cluster is water-soluble.
【0007】しかしながら、ポリスチレン、ポリブタジ
エン、ポリイソプレン等の非極性ポリマーはもちろんの
こと、ポリメタアクリル酸メチル、ポリビニルピリジン
等の比較的極性の強いポリマーでさえも工業的に用いら
れる合成高分子の多くは非水溶性である。そのため、こ
の様な水溶性高分子で保護された金属クラスターではこ
れらの合成高分子への均一な分散性は期待できないとい
う問題がある。 (2−2)有機溶媒中に形成されたポリマーミセル中で
の金属塩の還元によるクラスター形成(Markus Antonie
tti et.al., Advanced Materials, 1000,7, No.
12,1995) この方法は塩化金酸等の金属塩水溶液とポリスチレンと
ポリビニルピリジンのブロックコポリマーのトルエン/
テトラヒドロフラン混合溶液とを激しく混合させること
により、有機溶媒層に金属塩を含んだミセルを形成させ
る。その状態でNaBH4 やN2 H4 等の還元剤と反応
させることにより、ミセル内に金属クラスターを形成さ
せると共にそのクラスターを安定化させる方法である。However, not only non-polar polymers such as polystyrene, polybutadiene, and polyisoprene, but also relatively polar polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl pyridine are used in many synthetic polymers used industrially. Is insoluble in water. Therefore, there is a problem that such a metal cluster protected by a water-soluble polymer cannot expect uniform dispersibility in these synthetic polymers. (2-2) Cluster formation by reduction of metal salt in polymer micelle formed in organic solvent (Markus Antonie
tti et.al., Advanced Materials, 1000, 7, No.
12, 1995) This method uses an aqueous solution of a metal salt such as chloroauric acid and a toluene / polystyrene / polyvinylpyridine block copolymer.
By vigorously mixing with the tetrahydrofuran mixed solution, micelles containing a metal salt are formed in the organic solvent layer. In this state, by reacting with a reducing agent such as NaBH 4 or N 2 H 4 , a metal cluster is formed in the micelle and the cluster is stabilized.
【0008】だが、この方法では、ポリマーミセル内が
クラスターを形成させる場であるため、クラスターサイ
ズはミセルの大きさや、化学量論的な金属塩とミセル内
の金属結合部位の量関係に依存している。そのためクラ
スターサイズのコントロールが困難であった。以上のよ
うに、従来の技術においては、いずれの場合も、金属ク
ラスターを安定に存在させて、しかもクラスターサイズ
のコントロールが容易であって、広範囲なポリマーへの
分散適用も可能とされるポリマー保護金属クラスターは
実現できなかったのである。However, in this method, since a cluster is formed in the polymer micelle, the cluster size depends on the size of the micelle and the stoichiometric relationship between the metal salt and the metal binding site in the micelle. ing. Therefore, it was difficult to control the cluster size. As described above, in any of the conventional techniques, in any case, the metal cluster is stably present, the cluster size is easily controlled, and the polymer protection is capable of being widely applied to a wide range of polymers. Metal clusters could not be realized.
【0009】そこで、この出願の発明では、各種の有機
溶媒に可溶であることにより各種ポリマー中への導入等
の応用範囲を広くすることが可能なポリマー保護金属ク
ラスターを提供し、この保護クラスターを得るための製
法をも提供することを目的としている。そして、このこ
とによって、上記のような従来技術の問題点を解決し、
粒径が10nm以下で、かつそのサイズの分布が狭い保
護金属クラスターの形成と、しかもそのサイズをコント
ロールすることをも容易とする。Accordingly, the invention of the present application provides a polymer-protected metal cluster which is soluble in various organic solvents and which can be applied to various polymers in a wide range of applications. It is intended to provide a manufacturing method for obtaining the same. And this solves the problems of the prior art as described above,
It also facilitates the formation of a protective metal cluster having a particle size of 10 nm or less and a narrow size distribution, and also facilitates the control of the size.
【0010】この出願の発明は、上記の課題を解決する
ものとして、有機溶媒に、非水溶性有機ポリマーと、溶
媒可溶性金属錯体化合物、並びに還元剤とを溶解し、加
熱することを特徴とする有機ポリマー保護金属クラスタ
ー複合体の製造方法を提供する。そして、この出願の発
明は、上記製造方法について、非水溶性金属ポリマーが
金属または金属イオンとの親和性を有し、ポリマー鎖の
数平均分子量(Mn)が1,000〜1,000,00
0であることや、有機溶媒可溶性の金属錯体化合物の量
が有機ポリマーのモノマーユニットに対して1/50〜
1/4であることを態様としてもいる。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of this application is characterized in that a water-insoluble organic polymer, a solvent-soluble metal complex compound, and a reducing agent are dissolved in an organic solvent and heated. Provided is a method for producing an organic polymer protected metal cluster composite. The invention of this application relates to the production method described above, wherein the water - insoluble metal polymer has an affinity for a metal or a metal ion, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymer chain is 1,000 to 1,000,000.
0 or the amount of the metal complex compound soluble in the organic solvent
Is 1/50 to the monomer unit of the organic polymer
In one embodiment, the ratio is 1/4 .
【0011】[0011]
【0012】[0012]
【発明の実施の形態】この出願の発明は、上記のとおり
の特徴を持つものであるが、この発明の有機ポリマー保
護金属クラスター複合体とその製造方法についてさらに
その実施の形態を以下に詳しく説明する。まず、この発
明の複合体を構成するポリマーについては、有機溶媒可
溶の保護金属クラスターを得るため、金属クラスターを
保護するポリマーが金属に親和性のある部位を持ち、か
つ、非水溶性である事を特徴とする。具体的には、たと
えば、ポリビニルピリジン、ポリアミンなどの窒素原子
を持つモノマーユニットから構成されるもの、ポリアク
リル酸メチルなどの酸素原子を持つモノマーユニット等
の金属親和性元素またはこの元素を有する部位を備えた
モノマーユニットから構成されるもの、ポリチオフェン
などの硫黄を含むモノマーユニットから構成されるもの
等が例示される。ただ、いずれのものも、基本的に金属
または金属イオンとの親和性があり、非水溶性であれば
何でもよく、これらの金属との親和性を有するポリマー
の末端から、他のモノマーをリビング重合等により成長
させブロックコポリマー、他のモノマーとのランダムコ
ポリマーであってもよい。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The invention of this application has the features as described above, and the embodiments of the organic polymer-protected metal cluster composite of the present invention and the method for producing the same will be described in detail below. I do. First, as for the polymer constituting the complex of the present invention, in order to obtain a protected metal cluster soluble in an organic solvent, the polymer protecting the metal cluster has a site having an affinity for a metal and is water-insoluble. It is characterized by things. Specifically, for example, a metal affinity element such as a monomer unit having an oxygen atom such as polyvinyl pyridine or polyamine, a monomer unit having an oxygen atom such as polymethyl acrylate, or a site having this element is used. Examples include those composed of monomer units provided, those composed of sulfur-containing monomer units such as polythiophene, and the like. However, any of them basically has an affinity for a metal or a metal ion and may be anything as long as it is insoluble in water. From the end of the polymer having an affinity for these metals, living monomers are used to polymerize other monomers. A block copolymer or a random copolymer with another monomer may be used.
【0013】この場合の金属との親和性のあるポリマー
鎖の数平均分子量(Mn)は1,000〜1,000,
000であればよいが、5,000〜500,000が
好ましい。ポリマーの合成のし易さ、保護クラスターの
安定性の観点からは10,000〜300,000がよ
り好ましい。複合体を構成する金属については各種のも
のであってよく、遷移金属、たとえば第VIII族金属、そ
のうちの貴金属の各種のもの等が例示される。In this case, the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymer chain having affinity for the metal is 1,000 to 1,000,
000, but preferably 5,000 to 500,000. From the viewpoint of easy synthesis of the polymer and stability of the protective cluster, 10,000 to 300,000 is more preferable. The metal constituting the composite may be of various types, and examples thereof include transition metals, for example, Group VIII metals, and various types of noble metals.
【0014】これらのクラスターを形成する金属は、複
合体の製造においては、有機溶媒可溶性化合物として、
前記の非水溶性有機ポリマー、そして還元剤とともに各
種の有機溶媒に溶解されることになる。可溶性金属化合
物については、還元するべき金属イオンは有機溶媒可溶
とするため、アセチルアセトン等の金属錯体の形で使用
するのが望ましい。どのような形の金属錯体を用いるか
は使用する溶媒の種類とそれに可溶な金属錯体の合成の
し易さ等を考慮して決定される。In the production of the composite, the metal forming these clusters is used as an organic solvent-soluble compound.
It will be dissolved in various organic solvents together with the water-insoluble organic polymer and the reducing agent. The soluble metal compound is preferably used in the form of a metal complex such as acetylacetone, since the metal ion to be reduced is soluble in an organic solvent. The form of the metal complex to be used is determined in consideration of the type of the solvent to be used, the ease of synthesizing the metal complex soluble therein, and the like.
【0015】複合体の製造では、これらのポリマーと金
属錯体およびアルコールなどの還元剤をそれらの共通溶
媒に溶解し、加温する事で金属の保護クラスターを作成
する。有機溶媒は、その種類は各種のものであってよ
く、炭化水素、芳香族炭化水素、ハロゲン化合物、エー
テル化合物、アミド化合物、スルホキシド化合物等の各
種のうちから選択されて使用される。In the production of the composite, these polymers, a metal complex and a reducing agent such as alcohol are dissolved in a common solvent and heated to form a protected metal cluster. The organic solvent may be of various types, and is selected from various types such as hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogen compounds, ether compounds, amide compounds, and sulfoxide compounds.
【0016】還元剤としては、アルコール類、糖類、ア
スコルビン酸、水素ガス、ヒドラジン、ボロンハイドラ
イド等の各種のものであってよい。複合体を製造するた
めの有機ポリマー、可溶性金属化合物、還元剤、そして
溶媒の使用割合は、目的とする複合体によって異るが、
一般的な目安としては、モル比として、 可溶性化合物/有機ポリマーモノマーユニット=1/4
〜1/50 還元剤/可溶性化合物=1/10〜1/10000(大
過剰) また、容積比として 有機ポリマー/溶媒=1/1000〜1/10 程度を考慮することができる。As the reducing agent, various substances such as alcohols, sugars, ascorbic acid, hydrogen gas, hydrazine, boron hydride and the like may be used. The ratio of the organic polymer, the soluble metal compound, the reducing agent, and the solvent used to produce the composite varies depending on the intended composite,
As a general guide, the molar ratio of soluble compound / organic polymer monomer unit = 1/4
1 / 1/50 reducing agent / soluble compound = 1/10 to 1/10000 (large excess) Further, an organic polymer / solvent = 1/1000 to 1/10 can be considered as a volume ratio.
【0017】これらの溶媒への溶解後に加熱反応させる
ことで目的とする有機ポリマー保護金属クラスター複合
体が形成されることになる。金属クラスター形成の場と
してミセル内部の空間を利用する従来の製法では、ミセ
ルの形成条件により、金属クラスターのサイズが変化し
てしまうが、これに対し、この発明のように反応系が均
一有機溶媒系であることにより、還元された原子状金属
が集合してクラスターを形成する際のクラスター形成場
は溶液内である広がりを持って溶解している分子状のポ
リマー中であるため、クラスターのサイズはクラスター
形成場としてのポリマー分子内部の空間の大きさに依存
したサイズとなる。そのため、クラスター形成場として
のポリマーの種類および使用溶媒の種類により他の反応
条件の如何に関わらずクラスターサイズを一定に設定す
ることができる。By heating and reacting after dissolving in these solvents, the desired organic polymer-protected metal cluster complex is formed. In the conventional manufacturing method using the space inside the micelle as a place for forming the metal cluster, the size of the metal cluster changes depending on the micelle formation conditions. On the other hand, as in the present invention, the reaction system is a homogeneous organic solvent. Because of the system, the cluster-forming field when the reduced atomic metals assemble to form clusters is in a molecular polymer that is dissolved with a certain extent in the solution. Has a size depending on the size of the space inside the polymer molecule as a cluster formation field. Therefore, the cluster size can be set to be constant irrespective of other reaction conditions depending on the type of the polymer as the cluster formation field and the type of the solvent used.
【0018】加熱のための温度は、一般的には50〜1
20℃程度を、また加熱時間は、5〜50時間程度を目
安とすることができる。加熱終了後に、溶媒を蒸発させ
ると、フィルム、シート、バルク状等の各種の形状の成
形品として複合体を得ることができる。複合体は、さら
に別のポリマーに分散導入することもできる。The temperature for heating is generally 50 to 1
The standard is about 20 ° C., and the heating time is about 5 to 50 hours. When the solvent is evaporated after the completion of the heating, the composite can be obtained as molded articles of various shapes such as a film, a sheet, and a bulk. The composite can be dispersed and introduced in another polymer.
【0019】任意のポリマーへの保護クラスター導入の
ためには、導入すべきポリマーと同一のモノマーユニッ
トを持つ高分子鎖と金属との親和性を持っている高分子
鎖から成るブロックコポリマーを金属クラスターの保護
剤として用いることが好ましい。この場合の金属との親
和性のある高分子鎖の分子量は先と同様であり、導入す
べきポリマーとの親和性のある高分子鎖の数平均分子量
もまた1,000〜1,000,000であればよい
が、5000〜500,000が好ましい。In order to introduce a protective cluster into an arbitrary polymer, a block copolymer consisting of a polymer chain having the same monomer unit as the polymer to be introduced and a polymer chain having an affinity for metal is used as a metal cluster. It is preferably used as a protective agent. In this case, the molecular weight of the polymer chain having affinity for the metal is the same as described above, and the number average molecular weight of the polymer chain having affinity for the polymer to be introduced is also 1,000 to 1,000,000. However, 5000 to 500,000 is preferable.
【0020】以下、実施例を示し、さらに詳しくこの発
明について説明する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.
【0021】[0021]
実施例1 ポリ−(2−ビニルピリジン)(P2VP)Mn=13
0,000とパラジウムアセトナートのベンゼン溶液に
還元剤としてn−プロピルアルコールを次の割合で混合
し85℃で48時間加熱し、Pdクラスター複合体を得
た。Example 1 Poly- (2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) Mn = 13
N-Propyl alcohol as a reducing agent was mixed in a benzene solution of 000 and palladium acetonate at the following ratio and heated at 85 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain a Pd cluster complex.
【0022】 Pd(acac)2 濃度=6.6×10-4mol/l、 P2VPモノマーユニット濃度=2.6×10-2mol
/l n−プロピルアルコール濃度=50volume% 得られた金属クラスターは平均粒径が4.6nm±2.
0nmのものであった。その後、溶媒を蒸発させキャス
トフィルムを作成した結果、均一に分散したポリ2ビニ
ルピリジンで保護された金属クラスターを含むポリ2ビ
ニルピリジンフィルムを得た。 実施例2 実施例1において、加熱反応後の溶液を一旦蒸発乾固
し、ジオキサンに再溶解した後50000rpm、2時
間の条件で超遠心分離機にかけた。ポリマーにより保護
された金属クラスターが沈殿し、その沈殿を再度ジオキ
サンに溶解し、再び超遠心分離機にかける操作を数回繰
り返し、その中に含まれているポリ2ビニルピリジンで
保護された金属クラスターのみを取り出すことができ
た。このように、得られた保護金属クラスターは種々の
溶解・濃縮・洗浄操作に対しても安定であった。 実施例3 実施例1における反応系において、ポリマー濃度、金属
濃度を変化させて形成した保護金属クラスターの粒径を
評価した。その結果を表1に示したように、反応条件の
如何に関わらずほぼ一定サイズの保護金属クラスターを
得ることが確認された。また、ポリ2ビニルピリジンで
保護された場合は、表2に示したように、ポリマーの分
子量の相違に対しても保護金属クラスターサイズは一定
であった。Pd (acac) 2 concentration = 6.6 × 10 −4 mol / l, P2VP monomer unit concentration = 2.6 × 10 −2 mol
/ L n-propyl alcohol concentration = 50 volume% The obtained metal cluster has an average particle size of 4.6 nm ± 2.
It was of 0 nm. Thereafter, the solvent was evaporated to form a cast film. As a result, a poly2vinylpyridine film containing a metal cluster protected by poly2vinylpyridine uniformly dispersed was obtained. Example 2 In Example 1, the solution after the heating reaction was once evaporated to dryness, redissolved in dioxane, and then subjected to an ultracentrifuge at 50,000 rpm for 2 hours. The metal cluster protected by the polymer precipitates, and the operation of dissolving the precipitate in dioxane and centrifuging it again several times is repeated several times, and the metal cluster protected by the poly-2-vinylpyridine contained therein is repeated. Only could be taken out. Thus, the obtained protected metal cluster was stable to various dissolution, concentration and washing operations. Example 3 In the reaction system in Example 1, the particle size of the protective metal cluster formed by changing the polymer concentration and the metal concentration was evaluated. As shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that a protected metal cluster having a substantially constant size was obtained regardless of the reaction conditions. In addition, when protected with poly (vinylvinylpyridine), as shown in Table 2, the size of the protected metal cluster was constant even when the molecular weight of the polymer was different.
【0023】[0023]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0024】[0024]
【表2】 [Table 2]
【0025】実施例4 ポリ−(2−ビニルピリジン)とポリイソプレンから成
るブロックコポリマー(P2VP−b−PI:Mn=
(20600)−b−(12600)とパラジウムアセ
トナートのベンゼン溶液に還元剤としてn−プロピルア
ルコールを下記割合で混合し、85℃で48時間加熱す
ることにより有機ポリマー保護Pdクラスター複合体を
得た。Example 4 A block copolymer composed of poly- (2-vinylpyridine) and polyisoprene (P2VP-b-PI: Mn =
N-Propyl alcohol as a reducing agent was mixed in a benzene solution of (20600) -b- (12600) and palladium acetonate at the following ratio, and heated at 85 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain an organic polymer-protected Pd cluster complex. .
【0026】 Pd(acac)2 濃度=6.6×10-4mol/l、 P2VPモノマーユニット濃度=2.6×10-2mol
/l n−プロピルアルコール濃度=50volume% このようにして得られた金属クラスターは平均粒径が4
nm±2nmのものであった。 実施例5 実施例4における反応後の溶液を一旦蒸発乾固し、ジオ
キサンに再溶解した後50000rpm、2時間の条件
で超遠心分離機にかけることにより、保護された金属ク
ラスターを沈殿させ、その沈殿を再度ジオキサンに溶解
し、再び超遠心分離機にかける操作を数回繰り返すこと
により、その中に含まれているP2VP−b−PIで保
護された金属クラスター複合体のみを取り出した。この
ように、得られた保護金属クラスターは種々の溶解濃縮
操作に対しても安定であった。さらに、分離精製した保
護金属クラスターを改めて(P2VP−b−PI;Mn
=20600−b−12600)のベンゼン溶液に溶解
し、キャストフィルムを作成したところ保護金属クラス
ターは数値が集合したものが多く見られたものの巨大な
凝集体になることなく比較的均一に分散したP2VP−
b−PIフィルムを得た。Pd (acac) 2 concentration = 6.6 × 10 −4 mol / l, P2VP monomer unit concentration = 2.6 × 10 −2 mol
/ L n-propyl alcohol concentration = 50 volume% The metal cluster thus obtained has an average particle size of 4
nm ± 2 nm. Example 5 The solution after the reaction in Example 4 was once evaporated to dryness, redissolved in dioxane, and then subjected to ultracentrifugation at 50,000 rpm for 2 hours to precipitate a protected metal cluster. The operation of dissolving the precipitate in dioxane again and applying the solution again to the ultracentrifuge was repeated several times, so that only the P2VP-b-PI protected metal cluster complex contained therein was taken out. Thus, the obtained protected metal cluster was stable to various dissolution concentration operations. Furthermore, the separated and purified protected metal cluster was renewed (P2VP-b-PI; Mn
= 20600-b-12600), and a cast film was prepared. When the protective metal clusters were found to have a large number of aggregated values, P2VP was dispersed relatively uniformly without forming a huge aggregate. −
A b-PI film was obtained.
【0027】[0027]
【発明の効果】以上詳しく説明したとおり、この出願の
発明によって、触媒用金属微粉体、非線形光学材料、導
電性プラスチック、帯電防止剤、プラスチックの充填剤
等として広範囲な領域で有用な、非水溶性ポリマーで保
護された安定かつ粒径のそろったnmサイズの金属クラ
スター複合体が提供される。As described above in detail, according to the invention of this application, a non-aqueous solution useful as a metal fine powder for a catalyst, a non-linear optical material, a conductive plastic, an antistatic agent, a filler for plastics, etc. in a wide range. The present invention provides a stable and uniform particle-size metal cluster composite protected by a conductive polymer.
【0028】そしてこの複合体の製造法としても簡便な
方法が提供される。A simple method is also provided as a method for producing this complex.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 FI G02F 1/35 G02F 1/35 H01B 1/20 H01B 1/20 Z (56)参考文献 特開 平7−82410(JP,A) 特開 昭58−222503(JP,A) Adv.Mater.,7,No. 12,1995,pp1000−1005 Chemistry Letter s,pp1245−1248,1985 (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) C09C 1/00 - 3/12 C08K 3/08 C08K 9/00 - 9/12 B01J 33/00 B22F 1/02 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI G02F 1/35 G02F 1/35 H01B 1/20 H01B 1 / 20Z (56) References JP-A-7-8210 (JP, A JP-A-58-222503 (JP, A) Adv. Mater. , 7, No. 12, 1995, pp1000-1005 Chemistry Letters, pp1245-1248, 1985 (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) C09C 1/00-3/12 C08K 3/08 C08K 9/00-9/12 B01J 33/00 B22F 1/02
Claims (3)
有機溶媒可溶性の金属錯体化合物、並びに還元剤とを溶
解し、加熱することを特徴とする有機ポリマー保護金属
クラスター複合体の製造方法。1. An organic solvent comprising: a water-insoluble organic polymer;
A method for producing an organic polymer-protected metal cluster complex, comprising dissolving a metal complex compound soluble in an organic solvent and a reducing agent and heating.
イオンとの親和性を有し、ポリマー鎖の数平均分子量
(Mn)が1,000〜1,000,000である請求
項1の製造方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water-insoluble organic polymer has an affinity for a metal or a metal ion, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymer chain is 1,000 to 1,000,000. .
有機ポリマーのモノマーユニットに対して1/50〜1
/4である請求項1または2のいずれかの製造方法。3. The amount of the metal complex compound soluble in an organic solvent is
1/50 to 1 per monomer unit of organic polymer
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio is / 4 .
Priority Applications (4)
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JP05523497A JP3197500B2 (en) | 1997-03-10 | 1997-03-10 | Organic polymer protected metal cluster composite |
US09/037,563 US6054507A (en) | 1997-03-10 | 1998-03-09 | Metal-organic polymer composite structure and production thereof |
EP98301695A EP0864362B1 (en) | 1997-03-10 | 1998-03-09 | Process for producing a composite structure consisting of metallic nanoparticles coated with an organic polymer |
DE69819385T DE69819385T2 (en) | 1997-03-10 | 1998-03-09 | Manufacturing process of a composite structure consisting of metallic nanoparticles coated with an organic polymer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP05523497A JP3197500B2 (en) | 1997-03-10 | 1997-03-10 | Organic polymer protected metal cluster composite |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH10251548A JPH10251548A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
JP3197500B2 true JP3197500B2 (en) | 2001-08-13 |
Family
ID=12992925
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JP2980899B1 (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 1999-11-22 | 科学技術振興事業団 | Metal / organic polymer composite structure containing ultrafine metal particles arranged in rows and method for producing the same |
KR100453131B1 (en) | 2002-08-10 | 2004-10-15 | 율촌화학 주식회사 | Nano-sized Metals or Metal Salts Stabilized by Using Chain-end Functionalized Polymers and Their Synthetic Methods |
JP4868385B2 (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2012-02-01 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Heat-resistant polymer composite material in which palladium nanoparticles are dispersed, and method for producing the same |
JP4613853B2 (en) | 2006-03-01 | 2011-01-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Compound containing metal complex and metal complex |
KR100809056B1 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2008-03-03 | 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 | Process for preparing palladium nanoparticles using triblock copolymers |
CN115351288B (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2023-06-23 | 西北工业大学 | Gold nanoflowers and preparation method and application thereof |
CN116376046A (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2023-07-04 | 五邑大学 | Method for preparing metal-organic polymer based on cage-shaped supermolecular monomer |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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Adv.Mater.,7,No.12,1995,pp1000−1005 |
Chemistry Letters,pp1245−1248,1985 |
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