JP3114441B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents
Electrophotographic photoreceptorInfo
- Publication number
- JP3114441B2 JP3114441B2 JP05181759A JP18175993A JP3114441B2 JP 3114441 B2 JP3114441 B2 JP 3114441B2 JP 05181759 A JP05181759 A JP 05181759A JP 18175993 A JP18175993 A JP 18175993A JP 3114441 B2 JP3114441 B2 JP 3114441B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- charge
- layer
- charge transport
- transport layer
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Fee Related
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Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、導電性基体上に少な
くとも電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とを積層してなる感光層
を有する電子写真用感光体に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer formed by laminating at least a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on a conductive substrate.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、有機系の光導電性材料を利用した
電子写真用感光体の開発が盛んに進められ、実用化され
てきている。このような有機系の感光体は、一般に、図
１の模式的断面図に示すように、導電性基体１上に電荷
発生層３と電荷輸送層４とを積層してなる感光層２を設
けた機能分離積層型の構成を採る。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, electrophotographic photoreceptors utilizing organic photoconductive materials have been actively developed and put into practical use. Such an organic photoreceptor generally has a photosensitive layer 2 formed by laminating a charge generation layer 3 and a charge transport layer 4 on a conductive substrate 1 as shown in a schematic sectional view of FIG. A function-separated stacked configuration is adopted.
【０００３】導電性基体１は、感光体の電極としての役
目と同時に他の各層の支持体となっており、アルミニウ
ム，アルミニウム合金，ステンレス鋼などの金属材料、
あるいはガラス，樹脂などの表面に導電処理を施したも
のが用いられる。電荷発生層３は、有機系の電荷発生物
質をその０．３倍量〜２倍量の結着剤樹脂とともに溶剤
中にホモジナイザー，超音波，ボールミル，サンドミ
ル，ペイントシェーカーなどを用いて分散した液を塗
布，乾燥することにより形成される。膜厚は０．０１μ
ｍ〜３μｍの範囲内，好ましくは０．０５μｍ〜２μｍ
の範囲内とされる。電荷発生物質としては、無金属フタ
ロシアニン，チタニルフタロシアニンなどのフタロシア
ニン化合物、各種アゾ，キノン，インジゴなどの各化合
物の顔料、シアン，スクアリリウム，アズレニウム，ピ
リリウムなどの各化合物の染料、などが用いられ、露光
光の波長領域に応じて好適な物質が選択される。結着剤
樹脂としては、ポリビニルブチラール，ポリアリレー
ト，ポリカーボネート，ポリエステル，フェノキシ樹
脂，ポリ酢酸ビニル，エボキシ樹脂，アクリル樹脂，ポ
リアクリルアミド樹脂，ポリアミド，ポリビニルピリジ
ン，セルロース，ウレタン樹脂，カゼイン，ポリビニル
アルコール，ポリビニルピロリドンなどの樹脂が用いら
れる。また、溶剤としては、メタノール，エタノール，
イソプロピルアルコールなどのアルコール類、アセト
ン，メチルエチルケトン，シクロヘキサノンなどのケト
ン類、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミド，Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチ
ルアセトアミドなどのアミド類、テトラヒドロフラン，
ジオキサン，エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル，ジ
メトキシエタン，プロピレンオキシドなどのエーテル
類、酢酸メチル，酢酸エチル，ジメチルカーボネートな
どのエステル類、クロロホルム，ジクロロメタン，ジク
ロルエチレン，トリクロロエチレンなどの脂肪族ハロゲ
ン化水素類、ベンゼン，トルエン，キシレン，モノクロ
ルベンゼンなどの芳香族類、などが用いられる。[0003] The conductive substrate 1 serves as an electrode of the photoreceptor and serves as a support for the other layers, and includes a metal material such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy, and stainless steel.
Alternatively, a material obtained by performing a conductive treatment on a surface of glass, resin, or the like is used. The charge generation layer 3 is a liquid in which an organic charge generation material is dispersed in a solvent together with 0.3 to 2 times the binder resin in a solvent using a homogenizer, an ultrasonic wave, a ball mill, a sand mill, a paint shaker, or the like. Is formed by coating and drying. Thickness is 0.01μ
m to 3 μm, preferably 0.05 μm to 2 μm
Within the range. Examples of the charge generating substance include phthalocyanine compounds such as metal-free phthalocyanine and titanyl phthalocyanine, pigments of various compounds such as azo, quinone, and indigo, and dyes of each compound such as cyan, squarylium, azurenium, and pyrylium. A suitable substance is selected according to the wavelength range of light. Examples of the binder resin include polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate, polycarbonate, polyester, phenoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate, ethoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyacrylamide resin, polyamide, polyvinyl pyridine, cellulose, urethane resin, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl. A resin such as pyrrolidone is used. In addition, as a solvent, methanol, ethanol,
Alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide; tetrahydrofuran;
Ethers such as dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethoxyethane and propylene oxide; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate; aliphatic hydrogen halides such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethylene and trichloroethylene; benzene and toluene , Xylene, aromatics such as monochlorobenzene, and the like.
【０００４】電荷輸送層４は、電荷輸送物質としてのヒ
ドラゾン，ベンジジン，ピラゾリン，トリフェニルメタ
ン，オキサジアゾール，イミダゾール，インドールなど
の誘導体からなる化合物を、必要に応じて適当な結着剤
樹脂とともに溶剤に溶解した液を塗布，乾燥することに
より形成される。膜厚は１０μｍ〜５０μｍの範囲内，
好ましくは１５μｍ〜４０μｍの範囲内とされる。電荷
輸送層の結着剤樹脂としては、アクリル樹脂，ポリアリ
レート，ポリエステル，ポリカーボネート，ポリスチレ
ン，アクリロニトリール−スチレンコポリマー，ポリビ
ニルブチラール，ポリビニルホルマール，ポリアクリル
アミド，ポリアミドなどが用いられる。また、溶剤とし
ては、例えば電荷発生層用塗布液に用いたものと同様の
溶剤が用いられる。[0004] The charge transport layer 4 comprises a compound comprising a derivative such as hydrazone, benzidine, pyrazoline, triphenylmethane, oxadiazole, imidazole, indole or the like as a charge transport material, together with an appropriate binder resin if necessary. It is formed by applying and drying a liquid dissolved in a solvent. The film thickness is in the range of 10 μm to 50 μm,
Preferably, it is in the range of 15 μm to 40 μm. As the binder resin for the charge transport layer, acrylic resin, polyarylate, polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyacrylamide, polyamide and the like are used. Further, as the solvent, for example, the same solvent as that used in the coating solution for the charge generation layer is used.
【０００５】導電性基体１と感光層２の間に、必要に応
じて、バリヤー機能と接着機能を持つ下引き層を設ける
ことも知られている。下引き層は、カセイン，ポリビニ
ルアルコール，ポリビニルメチルエーテル，ポリ−Ｎ−
ビニルイミダゾール，エチルセルロース，エチレン−ア
クリル酸コポリマー，フェノール樹脂，ポリアミド，ポ
リウレタン，ゼラチン，酸化アルミニウムなどによって
形成される。下引き層の膜厚は０．０５μｍ〜２０μｍ
の範囲内，好ましくは０．０５μｍ〜１０μｍの範囲内
とされる。It is also known that an undercoat layer having a barrier function and an adhesive function is provided between the conductive substrate 1 and the photosensitive layer 2 as necessary. The undercoat layer is made of casein, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl methyl ether, poly-N-
It is formed of vinyl imidazole, ethyl cellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, phenol resin, polyamide, polyurethane, gelatin, aluminum oxide, and the like. The thickness of the undercoat layer is 0.05 μm to 20 μm
, Preferably in the range of 0.05 μm to 10 μm.
【０００６】上述の、図１に示した電荷発生層３，電荷
輸送層４の順に積層した感光層２を備えた感光体は通常
負帯電方式で使用される。他に、電荷輸送層，電荷発生
層の順に積層した感光層を備えた感光体も知られてお
り、この構成の感光体は通常正帯電方式で使用される。
また、この構成の場合には感光層の上に、必要に応じ
て、さらに表面保護層が設けられる。The above-described photoreceptor having the photosensitive layer 2 in which the charge generation layer 3 and the charge transport layer 4 shown in FIG. 1 are laminated in this order is usually used in a negative charging system. In addition, a photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer in which a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer are laminated in this order is also known, and the photoreceptor having this configuration is usually used in a positive charging system.
In the case of this configuration, a surface protective layer is further provided on the photosensitive layer as needed.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】有機系の感光体は、可
とう性，膜形成性，熱安定性，材料の多様性，安価など
の利点により鋭意開発が進められ、帯電性，感度など優
れた特性を有する感光体が開発されてきている。しか
し、感光体は画像形成システム中において、あらゆる環
境下で繰り返し使用され、常に一定の安定した特性が要
求されるが、このような安定性，耐久性についてはまだ
市場の要求を充分満たしていないのが現状である。特
に、繰り返し使用するに従い、残留電位の上昇，感度の
低下，帯電位の低下などが生じ、得られる画像品質が悪
化して使用に耐えられなくなる問題があった。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Organic photoreceptors have been intensively developed due to their advantages such as flexibility, film forming property, thermal stability, variety of materials, and low cost, and have excellent chargeability and sensitivity. Photoconductors having improved characteristics have been developed. However, the photoreceptor is repeatedly used in various environments in an image forming system, and is required to have constant and stable characteristics. However, such stability and durability have not yet sufficiently satisfied the market requirements. is the current situation. In particular, there is a problem that, as the toner is repeatedly used, the residual potential increases, the sensitivity lowers, the charge potential lowers, etc., and the obtained image quality deteriorates to make it unusable for use.
【０００８】この発明は、上述の点に鑑みてなされたも
のであって、種々の環境下，特に高温高湿下あるいは低
温低湿下で連続して繰り返し使用しても電位の変動が少
なく安定している感光体を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has a small potential fluctuation even when used repeatedly under various environments, particularly under high temperature and high humidity or under low temperature and low humidity. It is an object of the present invention to provide a photoreceptor that has the following characteristics.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題は、この発明
によれば、導電性基体上に少なくとも電荷発生層と電荷
輸送層とを積層してなる感光層を備えてなる電子写真用
感光体において、電荷輸送層が電荷輸送物質として下記
一般式（Ｉ）に示すインドール化合物のうちの少なくと
も一種類および下記一般式（ＩＩ）に示すベンジジン化
合物のうちの少なくとも一種類を含み、かつ、電荷発生
層と電荷輸送層とのイオン化ポテンシャルの差が０．３
ｅＶ以下である電子写真用感光体とすることによって解
決することができる。According to the present invention, there is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed by laminating at least a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer. Wherein the charge transport layer comprises at least one kind of an indole compound represented by the following general formula (I) and at least one kind of a benzidine compound represented by the following general formula (II) as a charge transporting substance; The ionization potential difference between the layer and the charge transport layer is 0.3
The problem can be solved by using an electrophotographic photosensitive member having an eV or less.
【００１０】[0010]
【化７】 Embedded image
【００１１】［式（Ｉ）中、Ｒ1 およびＲ2 はそれぞれ
水素原子，以下の炭素原子数１ないし９個のアルキル
基，アラルキル基，アリール基のうちのいずれかを表
し、Ｒ3 は水素原子，ハロゲン原子，以下の炭素原子数
１ないし３個のアルキル基，アルコキシ基のうちのいず
れかを表す。］[In the formula (I), R 1 and R 2 each represent a hydrogen atom, any of the following alkyl groups having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, aralkyl groups and aryl groups, and R 3 represents hydrogen. Represents an atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group described below. ]
【００１２】[0012]
【化８】 Embedded image
【００１３】［式（ＩＩ）中、Ｚ1 は水素原子，炭素原
子数１または２のアルキル基のいずれかを表し、Ｚ2 お
よびＺ3 はそれぞれ水素原子，ハロゲン原子，炭素原子
数１または２のアルキル基のうちのいずれかを表す。］[In the formula (II), Z 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and Z 2 and Z 3 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, and 1 or 2 carbon atoms, respectively. Represents any one of the above alkyl groups. ]
【００１４】[0014]
【作用】電荷輸送層の電荷輸送物質として上記一般式
（Ｉ）に示すインドール化合物のうちの少なくとも一種
類と上記一般式（ＩＩ）に示すベンジジン化合物のうち
の少なくとも一種類とを混合して用い、かつ、両者の混
合比を、図２に示す感光体のバンド構造の電荷発生層３
のイオン化ポテンシャル５ａと電荷輸送層４のイオン化
ポテンシャル５ｂとの差５ｃが０．３ｅＶ以下となるよ
うにすることにより、種々の環境下，特に高温高湿下あ
るいは低温低湿下で連続して繰り返し使用しても電位の
変動が少なく安定している感光体を得ることができる。The charge transport material used in the charge transport layer is a mixture of at least one of the indole compounds of the above general formula (I) and at least one of the benzidine compounds of the above general formula (II). The mixing ratio of the two is determined by changing the charge generation layer 3 having the band structure of the photoreceptor shown in FIG.
The difference 5c between the ionization potential 5a and the ionization potential 5b of the charge transport layer 4 is set to 0.3 eV or less, so that it can be used repeatedly in various environments, particularly under high temperature and high humidity or low temperature and low humidity. Even with this, it is possible to obtain a stable photoreceptor with little change in potential.
【００１５】[0015]
【実施例】この発明に係わる感光体は、例えば、従来と
同様の図１の模式的断面図に示すような層構成である。
図１において、１は導電性基体，２は電荷発生層３，電
荷輸送層４を積層した感光層である。 実施例１ 導電性基体として縦３０ｍｍ，横３０ｍｍ，厚さ１ｍｍ
のアルミニウム基板を用意した。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A photoreceptor according to the present invention has, for example, a layer structure as shown in the schematic sectional view of FIG.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a conductive substrate, 2 denotes a photosensitive layer in which a charge generation layer 3 and a charge transport layer 4 are laminated. Example 1 A conductive substrate had a length of 30 mm, a width of 30 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm.
Was prepared.
【００１６】次に、電荷発生物質としての下記構造式の
化合物Ｎｏ．１のジスアゾ顔料２重量部，ポリエステル
樹脂（東洋紡績（株）製「バイロン２００」）２重量
部，シクロヘキサノン９０重量部を混合し、サンドグラ
インダーで６時間溶解，分散し、その液にテトラヒドロ
フラン６０重量部を加えて希釈し、電荷発生層用の塗布
液を作製した。この塗布液を前記のアルミニウム基板上
に浸漬塗布し、温度９０℃で２０分間乾燥して、膜厚
０．４μｍの電荷発生層を形成した。この電荷発生層の
イオン化ポテンシャルを理研計器（株）製の大気雰囲気
型紫外線光電子分析装置ＡＣ−１で測定したところ、−
５．５２ｅＶであった。Next, a compound No. having the following structural formula as a charge generating substance was prepared. 2 parts by weight of the disazo pigment No. 1 above, 2 parts by weight of a polyester resin ("Vylon 200" manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and 90 parts by weight of cyclohexanone are mixed and dissolved and dispersed by a sand grinder for 6 hours, and the resulting solution is mixed with 60 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran. The resulting mixture was diluted by adding a portion to prepare a coating solution for the charge generation layer. This coating solution was applied onto the aluminum substrate by dip coating and dried at a temperature of 90 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a charge generating layer having a thickness of 0.4 μm. The ionization potential of this charge generation layer was measured using an air atmosphere type ultraviolet photoelectron analyzer AC-1 manufactured by Riken Keiki Co., Ltd.
It was 5.52 eV.
【００１７】[0017]
【化９】 Embedded image
【００１８】次に、電荷輸送物質としての下記構造式の
化合物Ｎｏ．２のインドール化合物０．６重量部，下記
構造式の化合物Ｎｏ．３−１のベンジジン化合物２．４
重量部，ビスフェノール型ポリカーボネート樹脂（数平
均分子量５万）３重量部をテトラヒドロフラン３０重量
部に溶解して電荷輸送層用の塗布液を作製した。この塗
布液を前記のアルミニウム基板上にワイヤーバー法で塗
布し、温度１００℃で２０分間乾燥して、膜厚２０μｍ
の電荷輸送層を形成した。この電荷輸送層のイオン化ポ
テンシャルを測定したところ、−５．２７ｅＶであっ
た。Next, a compound No. having the following structural formula as a charge transporting substance was prepared. 0.6 part by weight of the indole compound of Compound No. 2 and Compound No. 3-1 benzidine compound 2.4
3 parts by weight of bisphenol-type polycarbonate resin (number-average molecular weight: 50,000) were dissolved in 30 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran to prepare a coating liquid for a charge transport layer. This coating solution was applied on the above-mentioned aluminum substrate by a wire bar method, and dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 20 minutes.
Was formed. When the ionization potential of this charge transport layer was measured, it was -5.27 eV.
【００１９】[0019]
【化１０】 Embedded image
【００２０】[0020]
【化１１】 Embedded image
【００２１】次に、前記のアルミニウム基板上に、前記
と同様にして電荷発生層，電荷輸送層を順次積層して、
図１に示した構成の平板状感光体を作製した。この感光
体における電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とのイオン化ポテン
シャルの差は０．２５ｅＶである。 実施例２ 実施例１において、電荷輸送物質としての化合物Ｎｏ．
２のインドール化合物の量を０．６重量部から１．５重
量部に代え、化合物Ｎｏ．３−１のベンジジン化合物の
量を２．４重量部から１．５重量部に代えたこと以外
は、実施例１と同様にして電荷輸送層用の塗布液を作製
した。この塗布液を実施例１と同様にしてアルミニウム
基板上に塗布して電荷輸送層を形成し、イオン化ポテン
シャルを測定したところ、−５．３２ｅＶであった。Next, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are sequentially laminated on the aluminum substrate in the same manner as described above.
A flat photosensitive member having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 was produced. The difference in ionization potential between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer in this photoreceptor is 0.25 eV. Example 2 In Example 1, compound No. 1 was used as a charge transport material.
Compound No. 2 was changed from 0.6 parts by weight to 1.5 parts by weight of the indole compound. A coating solution for a charge transport layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of the benzidine compound 3-1 was changed from 2.4 parts by weight to 1.5 parts by weight. This coating solution was applied on an aluminum substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 to form a charge transport layer, and the ionization potential was measured to be -5.32 eV.
【００２２】次に、実施例１の電荷輸送層用の塗布液を
上記の塗布液に代え、その他は実施例１と同様にして平
板状感光体を作製した。この感光体における電荷発生層
と電荷輸送層とのイオン化ポテンシャルの差は０．２０
ｅＶである。 実施例３ 実施例１において、電荷輸送物質としての化合物Ｎｏ．
２のインドール化合物の量を０．６重量部から１．５重
量部に代え、化合物Ｎｏ．３−１のベンジジン化合物
２．４重量部を下記構造式の化合物Ｎｏ．３−２のベン
ジジン化合物１．５重量部に代えたこと以外は、実施例
１と同様にして電荷輸送層用の塗布液を作製した。この
塗布液を実施例１と同様にしてアルミニウム基板上に塗
布して電荷輸送層を形成し、イオン化ポテンシャルを測
定したところ、−５．３７ｅＶであった。Next, a flat photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating liquid for the charge transport layer in Example 1 was changed to the above coating liquid. The difference in ionization potential between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer in this photosensitive member was 0.20.
eV. Example 3 In Example 1, compound No. 1 was used as a charge transport material.
Compound No. 2 was changed from 0.6 parts by weight to 1.5 parts by weight of the indole compound. 2.4 parts by weight of the benzidine compound 3-1 was compound No. 3-1 of the following structural formula. A coating solution for a charge transport layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 1.5 parts by weight of the benzidine compound of 3-2 was used. This coating solution was applied on an aluminum substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 to form a charge transport layer, and the ionization potential was measured to be -5.37 eV.
【００２３】[0023]
【化１２】 Embedded image
【００２４】次に、実施例１の電荷輸送層用の塗布液を
上記の塗布液に代え、その他は実施例１と同様にして平
板状感光体を作製した。この感光体における電荷発生層
と電荷輸送層とのイオン化ポテンシャルの差は０．１５
ｅＶである。 比較例１ 実施例１において、電荷輸送物質としての化合物Ｎｏ．
２のインドール化合物０．６重量部，化合物Ｎｏ．３−
１のベンジジン化合物２．４重量部を用いる代わりに下
記構造式の化合物Ｎｏ．４のヒドラゾン化合物のみを３
重量部用いたこと以外は実施例１と同様にして、電荷輸
送層用の塗布液を作製した。この塗布液を実施例１と同
様にしてアルミニウム基板上に塗布して電荷輸送層を形
成し、イオン化ポテンシャルを測定したところ、−５．
１１ｅＶであった。Next, a flat photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating solution for the charge transport layer in Example 1 was replaced with the above coating solution. The difference in ionization potential between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer in this photoreceptor was 0.15.
eV. Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, compound No. 1 was used as a charge transport material.
0.6 parts by weight of the indole compound of Compound No. 2, Compound No. 2 3-
Instead of using 2.4 parts by weight of the benzidine compound of No. 1, compound No. 1 of the following structural formula Only 4 hydrazone compounds in 3
A coating solution for a charge transport layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the parts by weight were used. This coating liquid was applied on an aluminum substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 to form a charge transport layer, and the ionization potential was measured.
It was 11 eV.
【００２５】[0025]
【化１３】 Embedded image
【００２６】次に、実施例１の電荷輸送層用の塗布液を
上記の塗布液に代え、その他は実施例１と同様にして平
板状感光体を作製した。この感光体における電荷発生層
と電荷輸送層とのイオン化ポテンシャルの差は０．４１
ｅＶである。 比較例２ 実施例１において、電荷輸送物質としての化合物Ｎｏ．
２のインドール化合物０．６重量部，化合物Ｎｏ．３−
１のベンジジン化合物２．４重量部を用いる代わりに化
合物Ｎｏ．２のインドール化合物のみを３重量部用いた
こと以外は、実施例１と同様にして電荷輸送層用の塗布
液を作製した。この塗布液を実施例１と同様にしてアル
ミニウム基板上に塗布して電荷輸送層を形成し、イオン
化ポテンシャルを測定したところ、−５．１７ｅＶであ
った。Next, a flat photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating liquid for the charge transport layer in Example 1 was replaced with the above coating liquid. The difference in ionization potential between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer in this photosensitive member was 0.41.
eV. Comparative Example 2 In Example 1, compound No. 1 was used as a charge transport material.
0.6 parts by weight of the indole compound of Compound No. 2, Compound No. 2 3-
Compound No. 1 instead of using 2.4 parts by weight of the benzidine compound. A coating solution for a charge transport layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only 3 parts by weight of the indole compound No. 2 was used. This coating liquid was applied on an aluminum substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 to form a charge transport layer, and the ionization potential was measured to be -5.17 eV.
【００２７】次に、実施例１の電荷輸送層用の塗布液を
上記の塗布液に代え、その他は実施例１と同様にして平
板状感光体を作製した。この感光体における電荷発生層
と電荷輸送層とのイオン化ポテンシャルの差は０．３５
ｅＶである。 比較例３ 実施例１において、電荷輸送物質としての化合物Ｎｏ．
２のインドール化合物の量を０．６重量部から２．８５
重量部に代え、化合物Ｎｏ．３−１のベンジジン化合物
の量を２．４重量部から０．１５重量部に代えたこと以
外は、実施例１と同様にして電荷輸送層用の塗布液を作
製した。この塗布液を実施例１と同様にしてアルミニウ
ム基板上に塗布して電荷輸送層を形成し、イオン化ポテ
ンシャルを測定したところ、−５．１５ｅＶであった。Next, a flat photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating liquid for the charge transport layer in Example 1 was replaced with the above coating liquid. The difference in ionization potential between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer in this photosensitive member was 0.35.
eV. Comparative Example 3 In Example 1, compound No. 1 was used as a charge transport material.
The amount of the indole compound 2 is 0.6 parts by weight to 2.85 parts.
Parts by weight of Compound No. A coating solution for a charge transport layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of the benzidine compound 3-1 was changed from 2.4 parts by weight to 0.15 parts by weight. This coating solution was applied to an aluminum substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 to form a charge transport layer, and the ionization potential was measured to be -5.15 eV.
【００２８】次に、実施例１の電荷輸送層用の塗布液を
上記の塗布液に代え、その他は実施例１と同様にして平
板状感光体を作製した。この感光体における電荷発生層
と電荷輸送層とのイオン化ポテンシャルの差は０．３７
ｅＶである。このようにして得られた平板状感光体につ
いて、感度および残留電位を測定し、さらに高温高湿
（３５℃，８５％ＲＨ），低温低湿（５℃，３５％Ｒ
Ｈ）の各条件下で、帯電位，残留電位の繰り返し特性を
評価した。これらの測定は（株）川口電機製作所製の静
電気帯電試験装置ＥＰＡ８１００を用いて行った。暗所
で感光体表面に−６ｋＶのコロナ放電を１０秒間行って
帯電し、次いで照度２ｌｕｘの白色光を照射し帯電位が
初期の帯電位の半分に減衰するために必要な露光量（半
減衰露光量）を求めて感度とした。続いて、照度２ｌｕ
ｘの白色光を１０秒間照射したのちの帯電位を求めて残
留電位とした。次に、高温高湿および低温低湿の各環境
下で、それぞれ、上述のコロナ帯電とそれに続く照度２
ｌｕｘの白色光を１０秒間照射する除電とを１サイクル
とするプロセスを３０００サイクル繰り返し、その前後
での帯電位および残留電位を測定して繰り返し特性を評
価した。その評価結果を各感光体の電荷発生層と電荷輸
送層とのイオン化ポテンシャルの差とともに表１に示
す。Next, a flat photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating liquid for the charge transport layer in Example 1 was changed to the above coating liquid. The difference in ionization potential between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer in this photosensitive member was 0.37
eV. The sensitivity and residual potential of the thus obtained plate-like photoreceptor were measured, and the temperature and humidity (35 ° C., 85% RH) and low temperature and low humidity (5 ° C., 35% R)
Under each condition of H), the repetition characteristics of the charged potential and the residual potential were evaluated. These measurements were performed using an electrostatic charging tester EPA8100 manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric Works, Ltd. The surface of the photoreceptor is charged by performing a corona discharge of -6 kV for 10 seconds in a dark place, and then irradiated with white light having an illuminance of 2 lux, and an exposure amount (half-attenuation) required for the charged position to be reduced to half of the initial charged position. Exposure amount) was determined and used as the sensitivity. Then, illuminance 2lu
The charge potential after irradiating white light of x for 10 seconds was determined as the residual potential. Next, in each of the high-temperature, high-humidity and low-temperature, low-humidity environments, the above-described corona charging and subsequent illuminance 2
The process of removing one cycle of irradiation with white light of lux for 10 seconds was repeated 3000 cycles, and the charge and residual potentials before and after the process were measured to evaluate the repetition characteristics. Table 1 shows the evaluation results together with the difference in ionization potential between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer of each photoconductor.
【００２９】[0029]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３０】表１に見られるように、実施例の感光体は
比較例の感光体に比して高温高湿，低温低湿いずれの環
境下においても繰り返し特性において帯電位および残留
電位の変動が非常に少なく、電荷輸送物質として前記一
般式（Ｉ）に示すインドール化合物と前記一般式（Ｉ
Ｉ）に示すベンジジン化合物を混合して用い、かつ、電
荷発生層と電荷輸送層とのイオン化ポテンシャルの差が
０．３ｅＶ以下となるようにすることの効果は明らかで
ある。As can be seen from Table 1, the photoreceptor of the example has much more variation in the charge potential and the residual potential in the repetition characteristics under both high-temperature, high-humidity and low-temperature, low-humidity environments than the photoreceptor of the comparative example. And an indole compound represented by the above general formula (I) as a charge transport material,
The effect of using the benzidine compound shown in I) in a mixture and making the difference in ionization potential between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer 0.3 eV or less is clear.
【００３１】[0031]
【発明の効果】この発明によれば、導電性基体上に少な
くとも電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とを積層してなる感光層
を備えてなる電子写真用感光体において、電荷輸送層が
電荷輸送物質として前記一般式（Ｉ）に示すインドール
化合物のうちの少なくとも一種類および前記一般式（Ｉ
Ｉ）に示すベンジジン化合物のうちの少なくとも一種類
を含み、かつ、電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とのイオン化ポ
テンシャルの差が０．３ｅＶ以下となるような感光体と
する。このようにして得られる感光体は、種々の環境
下，特に高温高湿下あるいは低温低湿下で連続して繰り
返し使用しても電位の変動が極めて少なく安定してい
て、良質の画像を得ることができ、実用性に優れてい
る。According to the present invention, in a photoreceptor for electrophotography comprising a photosensitive layer formed by laminating a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on a conductive substrate, the charge transport layer comprises a charge transport material. At least one of the indole compounds represented by the general formula (I) and the general formula (I)
A photoconductor containing at least one of the benzidine compounds shown in I) and having a difference in ionization potential between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer of 0.3 eV or less. The photoreceptor obtained in this manner has a very small fluctuation in potential and is stable even when used repeatedly in various environments, particularly under high temperature and high humidity or under low temperature and low humidity, and obtains a good quality image. It has excellent practicality.
【図１】この発明の一実施例および従来例の感光体の模
式的断面図FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a photosensitive member according to an embodiment of the present invention and a conventional example.
【図２】感光体のバンド構造のイオン化ポテンシャルの
説明図FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an ionization potential of a band structure of a photoconductor.
１ 導電性基体 ２ 感光層 ３ 電荷発生層 ４ 電荷輸送層 ５ａ 電荷発生層のイオン化ポテンシャル ５ｂ 電荷輸送層のイオン化ポテンシャル ５ｃ 電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とのイオン化ポテンシ
ャルの差Reference Signs List 1 conductive substrate 2 photosensitive layer 3 charge generation layer 4 charge transport layer 5a ionization potential of charge generation layer 5b ionization potential of charge transport layer 5c difference in ionization potential between charge generation layer and charge transport layer
Claims (3)
荷輸送層とを積層してなる感光層を備えてなる電子写真
用感光体において、電荷輸送層が電荷輸送物質として下
記一般式（Ｉ）に示すインドール化合物のうちの少なく
とも一種類および下記一般式（ＩＩ）に示すベンジジン
化合物のうちの少なくとも一種類を含み、かつ、電荷発
生層と電荷輸送層とのイオン化ポテンシャルの差が０．
３ｅＶ以下であることを特徴とする電子写真用感光体。 【化１】 ［式（Ｉ）中、Ｒ1 およびＲ2 はそれぞれ水素原子，以
下の炭素原子数１ないし９個のアルキル基，アラルキル
基，アリール基のうちのいずれかを表し、Ｒ3 は水素原
子，ハロゲン原子，以下の炭素原子数１ないし３個のア
ルキル基，アルコキシ基のうちのいずれかを表す。］ 【化２】 ［式（ＩＩ）中、Ｚ1 は水素原子，炭素原子数１または
２のアルキル基のいずれかを表し、Ｚ2 およびＺ3 はそ
れぞれ水素原子，ハロゲン原子，炭素原子数１または２
のアルキル基のうちのいずれかを表す。］1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer formed by laminating at least a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on a conductive substrate, wherein the charge transport layer has the following general formula (I) ) And at least one of the benzidine compounds represented by the following general formula (II), and the difference in ionization potential between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer is 0.
A photoconductor for electrophotography, wherein the photoconductor is 3 eV or less. Embedded image [In the formula (I), R 1 and R 2 each represent a hydrogen atom, any of the following alkyl groups having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, aralkyl groups, and aryl groups, and R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, Atom, any of the following alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. ] [In the formula (II), Z 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and Z 2 and Z 3 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, and 1 or 2 carbon atoms, respectively.
Represents any one of the above alkyl groups. ]
構造式の化合物Ｎｏ．１であるジスアゾ化合物であり、
電荷輸送層に含まれる電荷輸送物質としてのインドール
化合物が下記構造式の化合物Ｎｏ．２であり、ベンジジ
ン化合物が下記構造式の化合物Ｎｏ．３−１であること
を特徴とする請求項１記載の電子写真用感光体。 【化３】 【化４】 【化５】 2. The charge-generating substance contained in the charge-generating layer is a compound of the following structural formula: A disazo compound which is 1,
The indole compound as a charge transporting substance contained in the charge transporting layer is a compound No. having the following structural formula. 2 and the benzidine compound is Compound No. 1 having the following structural formula. 3. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1, wherein the photoconductor is 3-1. Embedded image Embedded image Embedded image
のベンジジン化合物が下記構造式の化合物Ｎｏ．３−２
であることを特徴とする請求項２記載の電子写真用感光
体。 【化６】 3. A benzidine compound as a charge transporting substance contained in a charge transporting layer is a compound No. 1 having the following structural formula. 3-2
3. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 2, wherein: Embedded image
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05181759A JP3114441B2 (en) | 1993-07-23 | 1993-07-23 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05181759A JP3114441B2 (en) | 1993-07-23 | 1993-07-23 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0736204A JPH0736204A (en) | 1995-02-07 |
| JP3114441B2 true JP3114441B2 (en) | 2000-12-04 |
Family
ID=16106397
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP3114441B2 (en) |
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| JP4410138B2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2010-02-03 | 株式会社デンソー | Vehicle collision object discrimination device |
| JP2007248946A (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-27 | Kyocera Mita Corp | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus |
| JP5302643B2 (en) | 2008-12-02 | 2013-10-02 | 株式会社デンソー | Collision detection device and collision detection method |
| JP5407459B2 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2014-02-05 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Image carrier for image forming apparatus, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus |
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1993
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0736204A (en) | 1995-02-07 |
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