JP3082778B2 - Surface treatment method for polyethylene powder lining - Google Patents
Surface treatment method for polyethylene powder liningInfo
- Publication number
- JP3082778B2 JP3082778B2 JP02413906A JP41390690A JP3082778B2 JP 3082778 B2 JP3082778 B2 JP 3082778B2 JP 02413906 A JP02413906 A JP 02413906A JP 41390690 A JP41390690 A JP 41390690A JP 3082778 B2 JP3082778 B2 JP 3082778B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lining
- polyethylene powder
- polyethylene
- coating
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は各種装置の配管、機器に
用いられるポリエチレン粉体ライニングの下地処理方法
に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for preparing a polyethylene powder lining used for piping and equipment of various apparatuses.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、ポリエチレン粉体ライニングは、
被ライニング材表面を脱脂洗浄したのち、ブラスト処理
又は酸洗浄後、リン酸塩による化成処理被膜を形成させ
たのち、２００〜３００℃に予備加熱してポリエチレン
の粉体を供給し、被ライニング材の保有熱又は被ライニ
ング面の逆側からの供給熱により、ポリエチレンの粉体
を熱溶融して連続したポリエチレンライニング被膜を形
成する方法が行われている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, polyethylene powder lining has been
After the surface of the lining material is degreased and washed, after blasting or acid cleaning, a chemical conversion coating with phosphate is formed, and then preheated to 200 to 300 ° C. to supply polyethylene powder, A method of forming a continuous polyethylene-lined coating by hot-melting a polyethylene powder by using the retained heat of the above or the heat supplied from the opposite side of the lining surface.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】これまで、ポリエチレ
ン粉体ライニングは水道用配管あるいは海水取水管等、
比較的温度の低い（３０℃以下）液と接する環境に多用
され、耐久性の面でもそれなりの実績を有している。と
ころが、従来の方法で施工したポリエチレン粉体ライニ
ング材を化学プラント、発電プラントなど液温が５０〜
６０℃の環境に用いた場合、ポリエチレンの被膜が短時
間で剥離したり、ブリスタを生じる事故が多発してい
る。Heretofore, polyethylene powder lining has been used for water supply pipes or seawater intake pipes.
It is often used in an environment where it comes in contact with a liquid having a relatively low temperature (30 ° C. or less), and has a good track record in terms of durability. However, the polyethylene powder lining material constructed by the conventional method is used in a chemical plant, a power plant, etc., when the liquid temperature is 50 to 50.
When used in an environment at 60 ° C., there are many accidents in which the polyethylene coating peels off in a short time or blisters occur.
【０００４】剥離及びブリスタ部の被ライニング面を調
査すると必ず被ライニング面の腐食が認められることか
ら、従来のポリエチレン粉体ライニング材は水蒸気及び
酸素の透過が加速される温度勾配環境に用いた場合、下
地面が腐食され易いことが分かる。[0004] Since corrosion of the surface to be lined is always observed when the surface to be lined of the peeling and blister portion is examined, the conventional polyethylene powder lining material is used in a temperature gradient environment where the permeation of water vapor and oxygen is accelerated. It can be seen that the underlying surface is easily corroded.
【０００５】従来のポリエチレン粉体ライニング法にお
けるブラスト処理又はリン酸塩による化成処理などの下
地処理は、塗装及び樹脂又はゴムライニング等の下地処
理として産業界で広範囲に適用されている方法である
が、２００〜３００℃で被ライニング材を加熱しポリエ
チレン粉末を熱溶融させるポリエチレン粉体ライニング
法における下地処理方法としては次のような理由で必ず
しも適正とは言い難い。[0005] In the conventional polyethylene powder lining method, a base treatment such as a blast treatment or a chemical conversion treatment with phosphate is a method widely applied in the industry as a base treatment such as coating and resin or rubber lining. It is not always suitable as a ground treatment method in the polyethylene powder lining method of heating the material to be lined at 200 to 300 ° C. and thermally melting the polyethylene powder for the following reasons.
【０００６】先ず、ブラスト処理は被ライニング面の錆
又は異物などを除去することと、ブラストにより生じた
表面の凹凸のアンカ効果によって、塗膜又はライニング
の付着力を向上するとともに、前記錆又は異物付着に起
因する、局部電池形成による腐食を抑制する狙いがあ
る。しかし、ブラスト処理面は活性金属面が露出してお
り、腐食環境に暴露された場合、全面腐食が進行し、腐
食を抑制する効果は期待できない。そこで一般の塗装樹
脂ライニング、ゴムライニング等ではＺｎ，Ｓｎ，Ａｌ
粉体を配合したプライマーを塗布しブラスト面の腐食を
防止する方法が採用されている。[0006] First, the blast treatment improves the adhesion of the coating film or lining by removing rust or foreign matter on the surface to be lined and by the anchor effect of the unevenness of the surface caused by blasting. There is an aim to suppress corrosion due to local battery formation due to adhesion. However, the active metal surface is exposed on the blasted surface, and when exposed to a corrosive environment, the overall corrosion progresses and the effect of suppressing the corrosion cannot be expected. For general coating resin lining, rubber lining, etc., Zn, Sn, Al
A method is employed in which a primer containing powder is applied to prevent corrosion of the blast surface.
【０００７】ところが、ポリエチレン粉体ライニングの
場合、２００〜３００℃に加熱するため、前記、防食効
果を期待したプライマーは、酸化されて前記Ｚｎ，Ｓ
ｎ，ＡｌがＺｎＯ2 ，ＳｎＯ2 ，Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 などに変化
し、電気化学的な防食作用が消失するため、使用でき
ず、ライニング用のポリエチレン粉体を直接供給してラ
イニングしている。又、被ライニング材の予備加熱工程
及びポリエチレン粉体の熱溶融は空気中で行われてお
り、この間に被ライニング材のブラスト面は局部的に酸
化され、腐食環境に暴露された場合、局部電池形成によ
る腐食を生じる被膜が部分的に形成され易い。However, in the case of polyethylene powder lining, the primer, which is expected to have an anticorrosive effect, is oxidized and heated to 200 to 300 ° C. because it is heated to 200 to 300 ° C.
Since n and Al are changed to ZnO 2 , SnO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and the like, and the electrochemical anticorrosion action is lost, it cannot be used, and polyethylene powder for lining is directly supplied to perform lining. In addition, the pre-heating step of the lining material and the thermal melting of the polyethylene powder are performed in the air. During this time, the blast surface of the lining material is locally oxidized, and when exposed to a corrosive environment, the A coating that causes corrosion due to formation is likely to be partially formed.
【０００８】一方、リン酸塩による化成処理被膜を形成
させる下地処理は腐食性物質の拡散抑制及びその被膜中
に含まれる金属塩による電気化学的防錆効果を狙いとし
て、一般的に塗装下地処理に適用されている方法であ
る。しかしながら、リン酸塩による化成処理被膜は、Ｚ
ｎ，Ｍｎ，Ｆｅなどの第三リン酸塩を主成分として、Ｍ
ｎ3 （ＰＯ4 ）2 ・２ＭｎＨＰＯ4 ・４Ｈ2 ＯとＦｅＨ
ＰＯ4 ・４Ｈ2 Ｏの混合結晶あるいはＺｎ3 （ＰＯ4 ）
2 ・４Ｈ2 ＯとＦｅＨＰＯ4 ・２〜４Ｈ2 Ｏの混合結晶
あるいはγＦｅ2 Ｏ3 ・ＦｅＰＯ4 ・２Ｈ2 Ｏ又はＦｅ
ＨＰＯ4 ・４〜８Ｈ2 Ｏなどからなっている。[0008] On the other hand, the undercoat treatment for forming a chemical conversion coating film using a phosphate generally involves a coating undercoat treatment for the purpose of suppressing the diffusion of corrosive substances and the electrochemical rust-preventing effect of the metal salt contained in the coating. This is the method applied to However, the chemical conversion coating with phosphate is
tertiary phosphates such as n, Mn, and Fe as main components;
n 3 (PO 4) 2 · 2MnHPO 4 · 4H 2 O and FeH
PO 4 · 4H 2 O mixed crystal or Zn 3 of (PO 4)
2 · 4H 2 O and FeHPO 4 · 2~4H 2 O mixed crystal or γFe 2 O 3 · FePO 4 · 2H 2 O or Fe of
Is made from, such as HPO 4 · 4~8H 2 O.
【０００９】これらの結晶は１００〜２４０℃で結晶水
を放出するとともに、リン酸マンガン系被膜では２５０
℃付近、リン酸亜鉛系では１３０℃から酸化分解が始ま
る。従って、２００〜３００℃で加熱溶融させるポリエ
チレン粉体ライニングにおいては脱水によるポーラス
化、脱水時のリン酸被膜のクラック発生及び化成被膜の
付着力の低下ばかりでなく、リン酸被膜中のＭｎ，Ｚｎ
等の酸化による防食効果の低下、更にこれらの塩の酸化
が進行している場合には腐食電位の逆転による腐食の加
速などにつながり、一般的に適用されている塗装下地処
理と同等の防錆効果は期待できず、ポーラス化、クラッ
ク発生による付着力の低下で、剥離やブリスタが短時間
に発生し易くなる。These crystals release water of crystallization at 100 to 240 ° C.
Oxidative decomposition starts at about 130 ° C in the zinc phosphate system around 130 ° C. Therefore, in the polyethylene powder lining which is heated and melted at 200 to 300 ° C., not only the formation of a porous material by dehydration, the generation of cracks in the phosphoric acid film during the dehydration and the decrease in the adhesion of the chemical conversion film, but also the Mn and Zn in the phosphoric acid film.
If the oxidation of these salts is progressing, it will lead to accelerated corrosion due to the reversal of the corrosion potential, etc. No effect can be expected, and peeling and blistering are likely to occur in a short time due to a decrease in adhesion due to formation of a porous material and cracking.
【００１０】従って、耐食性、被付着性、耐摩耗性等に
優れたポリエチレンライニングを従来使用してきた常温
付近の環境よりも耐ブリスタ性の面で問題となる高温環
境への適用拡大を図るためには、付着性に優れ、かつ耐
食性に優れた下地処理方法の開発が望まれており、技術
的課題となっている。Therefore, in order to expand the application to a high-temperature environment in which the polyethylene lining excellent in corrosion resistance, adhesion, abrasion resistance, etc. is more problematic in terms of blister resistance than in the environment near normal temperature, which has conventionally been used. It is desired to develop a base treatment method which is excellent in adhesion and corrosion resistance, and is a technical problem.
【００１１】樹脂及びゴムなどのライニングが高温の水
溶液に接し、外面が大気と接している温度勾配下では被
ライニング材との接着面に水蒸気及び酸素がそれらの分
圧差によって透過する。この場合、被ライニング材の金
属が腐食されず、付着力が十分に保持されている間はラ
イニング材の剥離やブリスタを生じないが、接着不良部
や接着力が極端に低い所あるいは被ライニング金属が腐
食し易い場合には透過した水が留まり、剥離やブリスタ
が短時間に発生することは一般に知られている。[0011] Under a temperature gradient in which the lining of a resin or rubber is in contact with a high-temperature aqueous solution and the outer surface is in contact with the atmosphere, water vapor and oxygen permeate the bonding surface with the lining material due to their partial pressure difference. In this case, the metal of the lining material is not corroded, and the lining material does not peel off or blister while the adhesion is sufficiently maintained. It is generally known that when water is easily corroded, permeated water stays and peeling and blisters occur in a short time.
【００１２】従来のポリエチレン粉体ライニングは２０
０〜３００℃でポリエチレン粉体を加熱溶融させるの
で、ブラスト処理面の局部的な酸化あるいは化成処理被
膜の崩壊あるいは分解など、耐食上、好ましくない下地
状態になる。[0012] Conventional polyethylene powder lining is 20
Since the polyethylene powder is heated and melted at 0 to 300 ° C., an undesired ground state is obtained in terms of corrosion resistance, such as local oxidation of the blasted surface or collapse or decomposition of the chemical conversion coating.
【００１３】本発明は上記技術水準に鑑み、上述したよ
うな不具合を発生しないポリエチレン粉体ライニングの
下地処理方法を提供しようとするものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned state of the art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating a ground surface of a polyethylene powder lining which does not cause the above-mentioned problems.
【００１４】[0014]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明はポリエチレン粉
体の溶融温度以上に予備加熱した被ライニング材に該ポ
リエチレンの粉末を供給し、被ライニング材の熱によっ
て粉末を溶融させ、被ライニング材表面に連続したポリ
エチレンの被膜を形成させるライニング方法において、
被ライニング材表面を脱脂洗浄後、ブラスト処理を行
い、ついで空気中で３００℃〜４００℃で加熱してブラ
スト処理面にＦｅ3 Ｏ4 を主体とする被膜を形成させる
ことを特徴とするポリエチレン粉体ライニングの下地処
理方法である。According to the present invention, a polyethylene powder is supplied to a lining material preheated to a melting temperature of polyethylene powder or higher, and the powder is melted by the heat of the lining material. In a lining method of forming a continuous polyethylene film,
After degreasing and cleaning the surface of the lining material, blasting is performed, and then heating is performed at 300 ° C. to 400 ° C. in air to form a film mainly composed of Fe 3 O 4 on the blasted surface. This is a method for treating the surface of polyethylene powder lining.
【００１５】本発明の下地処理は脱脂洗浄及びブラスト
処理を従来通りの方法で行い、Ｆｅ3 Ｏ4 被膜の形成を
ブラスト処理してから数時間以内に高温で加熱する方法
により行うものである。In the undercoating treatment of the present invention, degreasing and blasting are performed by conventional methods, and the formation of the Fe 3 O 4 film is performed by heating at a high temperature within several hours after the blasting.
【００１６】[0016]
【００１７】ブラスト処理後の被ライニング材を空気中
で３００℃〜４００℃で一定時間加熱することによりブ
ラスト面に黒色被膜を形成することができるが、均一
で、緻密なＦｅ3 Ｏ4 の被膜を形成するには３５０℃以
上に加熱するのが望ましい。A black coating can be formed on the blast surface by heating the lining material after blasting in air at 300 ° C. to 400 ° C. for a certain period of time. However, a uniform and dense Fe 3 O 4 coating Is preferably heated to 350 ° C. or more.
【００１８】ポリエチレン粉体のライニングはブラスト
面にＦｅ3 Ｏ4 の被膜形成する下地処理を行ってから２
００℃〜３００℃、望ましくは２４０〜２８０℃に被ラ
イニング材全体を加熱したのち、粉体を供給し、必要で
あればライニングしない面から熱を加えながら、前記温
度に一定時間保持することにより行う。The lining of the polyethylene powder is carried out after a base treatment for forming a film of Fe 3 O 4 on the blast surface is performed.
After heating the entire material to be lined to 00 ° C to 300 ° C, desirably 240 to 280 ° C, the powder is supplied, and if necessary, the temperature is maintained for a certain period of time by applying heat from the unlined surface. Do.
【００１９】[0019]
【作用】本発明はポリエチレン粉体ライニングの下地処
理として、脱脂洗浄後、ブラスト処理を行い、この面に
耐熱、耐食性に優れ、付着力にも優れているＦｅ3 Ｏ4
の均一被膜を形成しており、ポリエチレン粉体の熱溶融
時に従来生じていた局部的な酸化膜の形成がなく、高温
環境に使用した場合でも、Ｆｅ3 Ｏ4 の均一膜によって
母材の腐食が抑制されるため、剥離やブリスタを生じる
ことなく、長期間の使用に耐えるポリエチレン粉体ライ
ニング材を提供することができる。According to the present invention, as a base treatment for polyethylene powder lining, a blast treatment is carried out after degreasing and washing, and Fe 3 O 4 which is excellent in heat resistance, corrosion resistance and adhesion is provided on this surface.
Of forms a uniform coating, without formation of polyethylene powder local oxide film which has conventionally occurred at the time of hot melting, even when used in high temperature environment, corrosion of the base material by a uniform film of Fe 3 O 4 Therefore, it is possible to provide a polyethylene powder lining material that can be used for a long time without peeling or blistering.
【００２０】[0020]
【実施例１】厚さ３ｍｍ、直径１２０ｍｍの炭素鋼板を
６０℃のオルソケイ酸ソーダ３％溶液に１０分間浸漬
し、脱脂洗浄したのち、温水洗浄し十分に乾燥させた。
その鋼板をケイ砂を用いて下地処理清浄度（Ｓａ ２１
／２）までブラスト処理した。ブラスト後の平均表面粗
度は３０μｍであった。サンドブラスト後の鋼板を３５
０℃に調整した加熱炉内で２０分間加熱したのち加熱炉
から取り出し、自然放冷させた。処理後の炭素鋼のブラ
スト面には約１μｍのＦｅ3 Ｏ4 の均一黒色被膜が形成
されていた。Example 1 A carbon steel sheet having a thickness of 3 mm and a diameter of 120 mm was immersed in a 3% solution of sodium orthosilicate at 60 ° C. for 10 minutes, degreased, washed with warm water and dried sufficiently.
The steel sheet is treated with silica sand for cleanliness of the surface treatment (Sa 21
/ 2). The average surface roughness after blast was 30 μm. 35 steel plates after sandblasting
After heating for 20 minutes in a heating furnace adjusted to 0 ° C, heating furnace
And allowed to cool naturally. A uniform black coating of about 1 μm of Fe 3 O 4 was formed on the blasted surface of the carbon steel after the treatment.
【００２１】このＦｅ3 Ｏ4 被膜を形成させた炭素鋼板
を２５０℃に調整した電気炉に挿入し、２５０℃に予備
加熱したのち、メルトフローレート３．０ｇ／１０ｍｉ
ｎで粒径９０μｍのポリエチレン粉体をＦｅ3 Ｏ4 被膜
で下地処理した面に均一に散布し、１ｍｍ厚のライニン
グ膜を形成させた。[0021] Insert the carbon steel sheet obtained by forming the Fe 3 O 4 coating electric furnace was adjusted to 250 ° C., spare 250 ° C.
After heating , melt flow rate 3.0g / 10mi
A polyethylene powder having a particle size of 90 μm and a particle size of 90 μm was evenly sprayed on the surface treated with the Fe 3 O 4 film to form a lining film having a thickness of 1 mm.
【００２２】このライニング材を供試材として、デュポ
ン式ライニングテスターを用いて、ライニング側にｐＨ
０．５の硫酸溶液を入れ６０℃に加熱し、ライニングし
ていない鋼板側を２０℃の冷却水で冷却した条件下で、
ブリスタが発生するまでの期間を測定した。その結果、
従来のブラスト処理後ポリエチレン粉体をライニングし
た参考材及びリン酸亜鉛系化成処理面にポリエチレン粉
体をライニングした参考材に比べて、本発明の下地処理
方法により作成したポリエチレンライニング材はブリス
タが発生するまでの時間が１０倍以上になることを確認
した。Using this lining material as a test material, a pH value was applied to the lining side using a Dupont lining tester.
0.5 Sulfuric acid solution was added and heated to 60 ° C., and under the condition that the unlined steel plate side was cooled with cooling water of 20 ° C.
The time until blistering occurred was measured. as a result,
Compared with the conventional reference material lining polyethylene powder after blasting and the reference material lining polyethylene powder on a zinc phosphate-based chemical conversion treatment surface, blisters are generated in the polyethylene lining material created by the method of the present invention. It was confirmed that the time required to perform the process was 10 times or more.
【００２３】[0023]
【００２４】[0024]
【発明の効果】本発明の下地処理を適用することによ
り、従来剥離やブリスタ発生が問題となり、実用し難か
った５０〜６０℃の環境にポリエチレン粉体ライニング
が適用可能になった。ポリエチレン粉体ライニングは前
記環境条件に用いられる他の樹脂（熱硬化性樹脂）やゴ
ムライニングに比べて生産コストも低く、樹脂ライニン
グやゴムライニングで施工できないような小口径の配管
内面にも施工できる利点もあり、本発明により、ポリエ
チレンライニングの適用範囲の拡大が見込まれることか
ら、その工業的効果は大きく、かつ、長期寿命確保によ
る信頼性向上効果も大きい。By applying the undercoat treatment of the present invention, polyethylene powder lining can be applied to an environment of 50 to 60 ° C., which has conventionally been a problem of peeling and blistering, and has been difficult to use. Polyethylene powder lining has a lower production cost than other resins (thermosetting resin) or rubber lining used in the above-mentioned environmental conditions, and can be applied to the inner surface of small-diameter pipes that cannot be applied with resin lining or rubber lining. There is an advantage, and the present invention is expected to expand the applicable range of the polyethylene lining. Therefore, the industrial effect is great, and the effect of improving reliability by securing a long life is also great.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭52−69487（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭49−101452（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平２−228466（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭63−123513（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭58−136780（ＪＰ，Ａ) 「化学大辞典３」（昭和38−９−15) 共立出版株式会社 Ｐ．924 (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) B05D 1/00 - 7/12 B05D 7/20 - 7/26 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-52-69487 (JP, A) JP-A-49-101452 (JP, A) JP-A-2-228466 (JP, A) JP-A-63-1988 123513 (JP, A) JP-A-58-136780 (JP, A) "Chemical Encyclopedia 3" (Showa 38-9-15) Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd. 924 (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) B05D 1/00-7/12 B05D 7 /20-7/26
Claims (1)
加熱した被ライニング材に該ポリエチレンの粉末を供給
し、被ライニング材の熱によって粉末を溶融させ、被ラ
イニング材表面に連続したポリエチレンの被膜を形成さ
せるライニング方法において、被ライニング材表面を脱
脂洗浄後、ブラスト処理を行い、ついで空気中で３００
℃〜４００℃で加熱してブラスト処理面にＦｅ3 Ｏ4 を
主体とする被膜を形成させることを特徴とするポリエチ
レン粉体ライニングの下地処理方法。1. The polyethylene powder is supplied to a lining material preheated to a temperature not lower than the melting temperature of the polyethylene powder, the powder is melted by the heat of the lining material, and a continuous polyethylene film is coated on the lining material surface. In the lining method for forming, the surface of the material to be lined is degreased and washed, then blasted, and then immersed in air for 300 minutes.
Surface treatment method of a polyethylene powder lining, characterized in that ° C. by heating at to 400 ° C. to form a coating film mainly composed of Fe 3 O 4 on the blast-treated surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02413906A JP3082778B2 (en) | 1990-12-26 | 1990-12-26 | Surface treatment method for polyethylene powder lining |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02413906A JP3082778B2 (en) | 1990-12-26 | 1990-12-26 | Surface treatment method for polyethylene powder lining |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04225866A JPH04225866A (en) | 1992-08-14 |
| JP3082778B2 true JP3082778B2 (en) | 2000-08-28 |
Family
ID=18522457
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02413906A Expired - Fee Related JP3082778B2 (en) | 1990-12-26 | 1990-12-26 | Surface treatment method for polyethylene powder lining |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3082778B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11633892B2 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2023-04-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Metal-resin bonded member and method of manufacturing the same |
-
1990
- 1990-12-26 JP JP02413906A patent/JP3082778B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 「化学大辞典３」（昭和３８−９−１５）共立出版株式会社 Ｐ．９２４ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04225866A (en) | 1992-08-14 |
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