JP3031497B2 - Inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte battery - Google Patents

Inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte battery

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Publication number
JP3031497B2
JP3031497B2 JP20151291A JP20151291A JP3031497B2 JP 3031497 B2 JP3031497 B2 JP 3031497B2 JP 20151291 A JP20151291 A JP 20151291A JP 20151291 A JP20151291 A JP 20151291A JP 3031497 B2 JP3031497 B2 JP 3031497B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
negative electrode
height
positive electrode
battery
electrolyte battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP20151291A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0521073A (en
Inventor
佐藤  淳
保則 奥薗
薫 久富
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Maxell Energy Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Maxell Energy Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Maxell Energy Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Maxell Energy Ltd
Priority to JP20151291A priority Critical patent/JP3031497B2/en
Publication of JPH0521073A publication Critical patent/JPH0521073A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3031497B2 publication Critical patent/JP3031497B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • Y02E60/12

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  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、正極活物質のオキシハ
ロゲン化物が電解液の溶媒を兼ねる無機非水電解液電池
に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an inorganic nonaqueous electrolyte battery in which an oxyhalide of a positive electrode active material also functions as a solvent for an electrolyte.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】塩化チオニル、塩化スルフリル、塩化ホ
スホリルなどのオキシハロゲン化物を正極活物質に用
い、アルカリ金属を負極に用い、炭素多孔質成形体を正
極に用い、上記正極活物質のオキシハロゲン化物が電解
液の溶媒を兼ねる無機非水電解液電池は、エネルギー密
度が高く、低温でも作動するなど、優れた特性を有して
いる。
2. Description of the Related Art An oxyhalide such as thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, phosphoryl chloride or the like is used as a positive electrode active material, an alkali metal is used as a negative electrode, a carbon porous molded body is used as a positive electrode, and the oxyhalide of the above positive electrode active material is used. The inorganic nonaqueous electrolyte battery, which also functions as a solvent for the electrolyte, has excellent characteristics such as high energy density and operation even at a low temperature.

【0003】ところで、この無機非水電解液電池は、そ
の組立工程を図2を参照しつつ説明すると、電池ケース
2の内周面にリチウムなどのアルカリ金属を圧着して負
極1を円筒状に形成し、その内周側にセパレータ4を配
置し、底部絶縁材11を電池ケース2の底部に配置した
後、中央部に正極3として円柱状の炭素多孔質成形体を
挿入し、その上方から押圧して、炭素多孔質成形体を下
方向に押圧すると共に径方向外方へ膨出させ、その外周
面をセパレータ4の内周面に圧着させる工程を経て、電
池組立が行われていた。
By the way, the assembling process of this inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte battery will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The negative electrode 1 is formed into a cylindrical shape by pressing an alkali metal such as lithium on the inner peripheral surface of a battery case 2. After forming the separator 4 on the inner peripheral side thereof and arranging the bottom insulating material 11 on the bottom of the battery case 2, a columnar carbon porous molded body as the positive electrode 3 is inserted into the center portion, and from above. The battery assembly has been carried out through a process of pressing the carbon porous molded body downward and swelling radially outward and pressing the outer peripheral surface thereof to the inner peripheral surface of the separator 4.

【0004】そのため、この無機非水電解液電池では、
正極3の高さより負極1の高さを高くする方が電池組立
が行いやすく、その結果、ほとんどの電池が正極3の高
さより負極1の高さの方が高い状態に作製されていた。
Therefore, in this inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte battery,
When the height of the negative electrode 1 was higher than the height of the positive electrode 3, battery assembly was easier. As a result, most of the batteries were manufactured in a state where the height of the negative electrode 1 was higher than the height of the positive electrode 3.

【0005】すなわち、押圧前の炭素多孔質成形体の高
さが負極1の高さより高いと、炭素多孔質成形体を上方
から押圧したときに、炭素多孔質成形体が径方向外方に
逃げて短絡発生の原因になるので、押圧前の炭素多孔質
成形体の高さを負極1の高さと同じか、または負極1の
高さより若干低くしておく方が、組立が容易であるから
である。
That is, if the height of the carbon porous molded body before pressing is higher than the height of the negative electrode 1, when the carbon porous molded body is pressed from above, the carbon porous molded body escapes radially outward. Since the height of the porous carbon compact before pressing is the same as or slightly lower than the height of the negative electrode 1, it is easier to assemble because it may cause a short circuit. is there.

【0006】その結果、前記のように、ほとんどの電池
が、正極3の高さより負極1の高さが高くなっているの
が現状である。
As a result, as described above, in most batteries, the height of the negative electrode 1 is higher than the height of the positive electrode 3 at present.

【0007】[0007]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、負極1
の高さと正極3の高さとの差が大きくなると、重負荷で
放電した場合、特に放電終期には、負極1のアルカリ金
属のイオン化が電池反応に追いつかなくなり、負極の利
用率が低下する。
However, the negative electrode 1
When the difference between the height of the negative electrode 1 and the height of the positive electrode 3 is large, when the battery is discharged under a heavy load, especially at the end of discharge, the ionization of the alkali metal of the negative electrode 1 cannot catch up with the battery reaction, and the utilization rate of the negative electrode decreases.

【0008】したがって、本発明は、負極の利用率の低
下を抑制した無機非水電解液電池を提供することを目的
とする。
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte battery in which a decrease in the utilization of the negative electrode is suppressed.

【0009】[0009]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、負極の高さと
正極の高さとの差が負極の高さの5〜10%に規制する
ことによって、電池組立の容易さを維持しながら、負極
の利用率の低下を抑制したものである。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the difference between the height of the negative electrode and the height of the positive electrode is restricted to 5 to 10 % of the height of the negative electrode, thereby maintaining the ease of battery assembly while maintaining the ease of battery assembly. This suppresses a decrease in the utilization rate.

【0010】[0010]

【実施例】つぎに、実施例をあげて本発明をより具体的
に説明する。なお、実施例では、リチウム−塩化チオニ
ル系の無機非水電解液電池について説明するが、本発明
はその場合のみに限られるものではない。
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. In the examples, a lithium-thionyl chloride-based inorganic nonaqueous electrolyte battery will be described, but the present invention is not limited to this case.

【0011】実施例1 図1に示すような構造で、負極1の高さと正極3の高さ
の差が負極1の高さの5%のリチウム−塩化チオニル
系の無機非水電解液電池を作製した。この電池の詳細を
図1を参照しつつ説明する。
EXAMPLE 1 A lithium-thionyl chloride-based inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte battery having a structure as shown in FIG. 1 and having a difference between the height of the negative electrode 1 and the height of the positive electrode 3 of 5% of the height of the negative electrode 1 was used. Produced. The details of this battery will be described with reference to FIG.

【0012】図中、1は負極、2は電池ケース、3は正
極、4はセパレータ、5は電解液、6は正極集電体、7
は電池蓋である。
In the drawing, 1 is a negative electrode, 2 is a battery case, 3 is a positive electrode, 4 is a separator, 5 is an electrolytic solution, 6 is a positive electrode current collector, 7
Is a battery cover.

【0013】上記電池蓋7は、環状のボディ8と環状の
絶縁層9と中央部の正極端子10とを有していて、ボデ
ィ8の外周部は電池ケース2の開口端部に溶接されてい
る。そして、11は底部絶縁材、12は上部絶縁材であ
る。
The battery lid 7 has an annular body 8, an annular insulating layer 9, and a positive electrode terminal 10 at the center. The outer periphery of the body 8 is welded to the open end of the battery case 2. I have. 11 is a bottom insulating material and 12 is an upper insulating material.

【0014】上記負極1は、厚さ1.0mmのシート状
のリチウムを有底円筒状の電池ケース2の内周面に圧着
することにより形成されていて、円筒状をしており、そ
の高さは31.6mmである。
The negative electrode 1 is formed by pressing a sheet of lithium having a thickness of 1.0 mm onto the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical battery case 2 having a bottom and has a cylindrical shape. The height is 31.6 mm.

【0015】電池ケース2は、ステンレス鋼製で、その
内周面に負極1のリチウムが圧着することにより、負極
端子としての機能を備えている。
The battery case 2 is made of stainless steel, and has a function as a negative electrode terminal when lithium of the negative electrode 1 is press-bonded to the inner peripheral surface thereof.

【0016】上記正極3は、アセチレンブラックを主成
分とし、これに黒鉛とポリテトラフルオロエチレンを添
加した炭素質を主材とする材料の多孔質成形体、いわゆ
る炭素多孔質成形体からなり、円柱状をしていて、その
高さは30mmである。
The positive electrode 3 is made of a porous molded body of a material mainly composed of acetylene black and a carbonaceous material to which graphite and polytetrafluoroethylene are added, which is a so-called carbon porous molded body. It is columnar and has a height of 30 mm.

【0017】セパレータ4は、ガラス繊維不織布からな
り、円筒状をしていて、上記負極1と正極3とを隔離し
ている。
The separator 4 is made of a glass fiber non-woven fabric, has a cylindrical shape, and separates the negative electrode 1 from the positive electrode 3.

【0018】電解液5は、塩化チオニルに支持電解質と
してLiAlCl4(四塩化アルミニウムリチウム)を
1.2モル/リットル溶解した塩化チオニル溶液からな
り、塩化チオニルは上記のように電解液の溶媒であると
ともに正極活物質でもある。
The electrolyte 5 comprises a thionyl chloride solution in which 1.2 mol / l of LiAlCl 4 (lithium aluminum tetrachloride) is dissolved as a supporting electrolyte in thionyl chloride. Thionyl chloride is a solvent for the electrolyte as described above. It is also a positive electrode active material.

【0019】このように塩化チオニルが正極活物質とし
て用いられていることからも明らかであるように、上記
正極3はそれ自身が反応するものではなく、正極活物質
の塩化チオニルと負極1からイオン化して溶出してきた
リチウムイオンとの反応場所を提供するものである。
As is apparent from the fact that thionyl chloride is used as the positive electrode active material, the positive electrode 3 does not react by itself, but ionizes from the positive electrode active material thionyl chloride and the negative electrode 1. It provides a place for reaction with the lithium ions eluted.

【0020】正極集電体6はステンレス鋼棒からなり、
電池蓋7は前記のようにボディ8と絶縁層9と正極端子
10を有している。
The positive electrode current collector 6 is made of a stainless steel rod,
The battery cover 7 has the body 8, the insulating layer 9, and the positive electrode terminal 10 as described above.

【0021】ボディ8はステンレス鋼で形成されてい
て、その立ち上がった外周部が前記電池ケース2の開口
端部と溶接により接合されている。
The body 8 is made of stainless steel, and its raised outer peripheral portion is joined to the open end of the battery case 2 by welding.

【0022】絶縁層9はボディ8の内周側にガラスで形
成されていて、この絶縁層9はボディ8と正極端子10
とを絶縁するとともに、外周面でその構成ガラスがボデ
ィ8の内周面に融着し、内周面でその構成ガラスが正極
端子10の外周面に融着していて、ボディ8と正極端子
10との間をシールしている。
The insulating layer 9 is formed of glass on the inner peripheral side of the body 8.
And the constituent glass is fused to the inner peripheral surface of the body 8 on the outer peripheral surface, and the constituent glass is fused to the outer peripheral surface of the positive electrode terminal 10 on the inner peripheral surface. The seal with the space 10 is sealed.

【0023】正極端子10はステンレス鋼製で、その一
部は電池組立時はパイプ状をしていて電解液注入口とし
て使用され、その上端部を電解液注入後にその中空部内
に挿入された正極集電体6の上部と溶接して封止するこ
とにより形成されたものである。
The positive electrode terminal 10 is made of stainless steel, a part of which is formed in a pipe shape at the time of assembling the battery and is used as an electrolyte inlet, and the upper end thereof is inserted into the hollow portion after the electrolyte is injected. It is formed by welding and sealing the upper part of the current collector 6.

【0024】底部絶縁材11はガラス繊維不織布からな
り、正極3と負極端子を兼ねる電池ケース2とを絶縁し
ている。また、上部絶縁材12は上記底部絶縁材11と
同様のガラス繊維不織布からなり、正極3と負極端子を
兼ねる電池蓋7のボディ8とが直接接触しないように絶
縁している。
The bottom insulating material 11 is made of a glass fiber non-woven fabric, and insulates the positive electrode 3 from the battery case 2 also serving as a negative electrode terminal. The upper insulating material 12 is made of the same glass fiber nonwoven fabric as the bottom insulating material 11 and insulates the positive electrode 3 and the body 8 of the battery lid 7 also serving as a negative electrode terminal so as not to come into direct contact.

【0025】[0025]

【0026】[0026]

【0027】実施例 負極1の高さと正極3の高さとの差が負極1の高さの1
0%である以外は、実施例1と同様の無機非水電解液電
池を作製した。
Example 2 The difference between the height of the negative electrode 1 and the height of the positive electrode 3 is one of the height of the negative electrode 1.
Except for 0%, the same inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte battery as in Example 1 was produced.

【0028】すなわち、この実施例の電池において
は、負極1の高さが33.3mmであり、正極3の高さ
が30mmである。
That is, in the battery of Example 2 , the height of the negative electrode 1 is 33.3 mm, and the height of the positive electrode 3 is 30 mm.

【0029】比較例1 負極1の高さと正極3の高さとの差が負極1の高さの1
9%である以外は、実施例1と同様の無機非水電解液電
池を作製した。
Comparative Example 1 The difference between the height of the negative electrode 1 and the height of the positive electrode 3 was 1 of the height of the negative electrode 1.
Except for 9%, the same inorganic nonaqueous electrolyte battery as in Example 1 was produced.

【0030】すなわち、この比較例1の電池は、図2に
示すとおりであり、負極1の高さが37mmで、正極3
の高さが30mmであって、負極1の高さが正極3の高
さよりかなり高くなっている。
That is, the battery of Comparative Example 1 is as shown in FIG. 2, in which the height of the negative electrode 1 is 37 mm and the height of the positive electrode 3 is
Is 30 mm, and the height of the negative electrode 1 is considerably higher than the height of the positive electrode 3.

【0031】比較例2 負極1の高さと正極3の高さとの差が負極1の高さの1
5%である以外は、実施例1と同様の無機非水電解液電
池を作製した。
Comparative Example 2 The difference between the height of the negative electrode 1 and the height of the positive electrode 3 was 1 of the height of the negative electrode 1.
Except for 5%, an inorganic nonaqueous electrolyte battery similar to that of Example 1 was produced.

【0032】すなわち、この比較例1の電池において
は、負極1の高さが35.3mmであり、正極3の高さ
が30mmである。
That is, in the battery of Comparative Example 1, the height of the negative electrode 1 was 35.3 mm, and the height of the positive electrode 3 was 30 mm.

【0033】つぎに、上記実施例1〜および比較例1
〜2の電池を20℃、300Ω定抵抗で放電して放電電
気量を測定し、負極の理論電気量に対する負極の利用率
を算出した。その結果を表1に示す。
Next, the above Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1
The batteries of Nos. 1 to 2 were discharged at 20 ° C. and a constant resistance of 300Ω to measure the amount of discharged electricity, and the utilization rate of the negative electrode with respect to the theoretical amount of electricity of the negative electrode was calculated. Table 1 shows the results.

【0034】[0034]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0035】表1に示すように、(H1 −H2 )/H1
×100、つまり、負極1の高さと正極3の高さとの差
が負極1の高さの5〜10%である実施例1〜の電池
は、負極の利用率が93%以上であり、負極の利用率の
低下が少なかった。
As shown in Table 1, (H 1 −H 2 ) / H 1
× 100, that is, the batteries of Examples 1 and 2 in which the difference between the height of the negative electrode 1 and the height of the positive electrode 3 is 5 to 10 % of the height of the negative electrode 1, the utilization rate of the negative electrode is 93% or more; The decrease in the utilization of the negative electrode was small.

【0036】なお、上記の実施例では、正極活物質とし
て塩化チオニルを用い、負極にリチウムを用いた場合に
ついて説明したが、正極活物質としては、塩化チオニル
以外にも、塩化スルフリル、塩化ホスホリルなどの常温
(25℃)で液体のオキシハロゲン化物を用いることが
でき、また、負極には、リチウム以外にも、ナトリウ
ム、カリウムなどのアルカリ金属を用いることができ
る。
In the above embodiment, the case where thionyl chloride was used as the positive electrode active material and lithium was used as the negative electrode was described. In addition to thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, phosphoryl chloride, and the like may be used as the positive electrode active material. An oxyhalide liquid at room temperature (25 ° C.) can be used, and an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium can be used for the negative electrode in addition to lithium.

【0037】また、実施例では、電解液として塩化チオ
ニルにLiAlCl4 を溶解させたものを用いた場合に
ついて説明したが、電解液には、上記組合せ以外にも、
塩化チオニル、塩化スルフリル、塩化ホスホリルなどの
オキシハロゲン化物にLiAlCl4 、LiAlB
4 、LiGaCl4 、LiB10Cl10などの支持電解
質を溶解させたものを用いることができる。なお、電解
液の調製にあたっては、LiAlCl4 などの支持電解
質は、LiClとAlCl3 をオキシハロゲン化物に添
加した電解液中でLiAlCl4 の形で存在(ただし、
イオン化してLi+ イオンとAlCl4 -イオンとで存
在)するようにしてもよい。
Further, in the embodiment, the case where a solution obtained by dissolving LiAlCl 4 in thionyl chloride was used as the electrolytic solution has been described.
Oxyhalides such as thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, phosphoryl chloride and the like can be added to LiAlCl 4 , LiAlB
A material in which a supporting electrolyte such as r 4 , LiGaCl 4 or LiB 10 Cl 10 is dissolved can be used. Incidentally, In the preparation of the electrolyte, supporting electrolyte, such as LiAlCl 4 is present in the form of LiAlCl 4 in an electrolytic solution with the addition of LiCl and AlCl 3 in oxyhalide (however,
It may be ionized to exist as Li + ions and AlCl 4 ions).

【0038】さらに、実施例では、電池ケース2に有底
で円筒状のものを用いたが、電池ケース2は角筒状のも
のなど、円筒状以外の形状のものであってもよい。そし
て、実施例では、電池ケース2に円筒状のものを用いた
関係で、負極1やセパレータ4が円筒状で、正極3が円
柱状であるなど、電池の各構成部材が円筒状の電池ケー
ス2に適した形状のものを用いたが、電池ケース2が円
筒状以外の形状のものである場合には、各構成部材は電
池ケース2の形状に適するように作製したものを用いれ
ばよい。
Further, in the embodiment, the battery case 2 has a cylindrical shape with a bottom, but the battery case 2 may have a shape other than a cylindrical shape, such as a rectangular cylindrical shape. In the embodiment, since the negative electrode 1 and the separator 4 are cylindrical and the positive electrode 3 is cylindrical, the respective components of the battery are cylindrical. Although the shape suitable for the battery case 2 is used, when the battery case 2 has a shape other than the cylindrical shape, each component may be manufactured so as to be suitable for the shape of the battery case 2.

【0039】また、実施例では、絶縁層9をガラスで構
成したものを用いた場合について説明したが、絶縁層9
はセラミックスで構成したものであってもよい。
In the embodiment, the case where the insulating layer 9 is made of glass is used.
May be made of ceramics.

【0040】[0040]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明では、負極
1の高さと正極3の高さとの差を負極1の高さの5〜
%に規制することによって、電池組立の容易さを維持
しながら、負極の利用率の低下の少ない無機非水電解液
電池を提供することができた。
As described above, in the present invention, the difference between the height of the negative electrode 1 and the height of the positive electrode 3 is 5 to 1 of the height of the negative electrode 1.
Maintain ease of battery assembly by regulating to 0 %
While, it is possible to provide a small inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte battery with lowering of the utilization factor of the negative electrode.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の無機非水電解液電池の一例を示す断面
図である。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of an inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to the present invention.

【図2】本発明外の無機非水電解液電池の一例を示す断
面図である。
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte battery outside the present invention.

【符号の説明】 1 負極 2 電池ケース 3 正極 4 セパレータ 5 電解液[Description of Signs] 1 Negative electrode 2 Battery case 3 Positive electrode 4 Separator 5 Electrolyte

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭63−307667(JP,A) 特開 昭64−60959(JP,A) 特開 平2−144852(JP,A) 特開 昭61−47071(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) H01M 6/00 - 6/52 H01M 4/06 - 4/12 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-63-307667 (JP, A) JP-A-64-60959 (JP, A) JP-A-2-144852 (JP, A) JP-A 61-307 47071 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) H01M 6/00-6/52 H01M 4/06-4/12

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 常温で液体のオキシハロゲン化物を正極
活物質および電解液の溶媒とし、 負極1と、正極3と、セパレータ4と、電解液5を有
し、 上記負極1は、有底筒状の電池ケース2の内周面にそっ
て配置された筒状のアルカリ金属からなり、 上記正極3は、上記電池ケース2の中央部に配置された
柱状の炭素多孔質成形体からなり、 上記負極1と正極3との間に、セパレータ4が配置して
いる無機非水電解液電池において、 負極1の高さと正極3の高さとの差が、負極1の高さの
5〜10%であることを特徴とする無機非水電解液電
池。
An oxyhalide which is liquid at normal temperature is used as a positive electrode active material and a solvent for an electrolytic solution. The negative electrode comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator, and an electrolytic solution. The positive electrode 3 is formed of a columnar carbon porous molded body disposed at the center of the battery case 2, and is formed of a cylindrical alkali metal disposed along the inner peripheral surface of the battery case 2. In the inorganic nonaqueous electrolyte battery in which the separator 4 is disposed between the negative electrode 1 and the positive electrode 3, the difference between the height of the negative electrode 1 and the height of the positive electrode 3 is the height of the negative electrode 1.
An inorganic nonaqueous electrolyte battery characterized by being 5 to 10 % .
JP20151291A 1991-07-15 1991-07-15 Inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte battery Expired - Fee Related JP3031497B2 (en)

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JP20151291A JP3031497B2 (en) 1991-07-15 1991-07-15 Inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte battery

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JPH0521073A JPH0521073A (en) 1993-01-29
JP3031497B2 true JP3031497B2 (en) 2000-04-10

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