JP3009991B2 - Air pollutant separation system from exhaust gas - Google Patents
Air pollutant separation system from exhaust gasInfo
- Publication number
- JP3009991B2 JP3009991B2 JP6073769A JP7376994A JP3009991B2 JP 3009991 B2 JP3009991 B2 JP 3009991B2 JP 6073769 A JP6073769 A JP 6073769A JP 7376994 A JP7376994 A JP 7376994A JP 3009991 B2 JP3009991 B2 JP 3009991B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cyclone
- neutralizing
- particulate matter
- exhaust
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、ディーゼルエンジン等
の排気中に含まれるカーボン粒子等の粒子状物質及び窒
素酸化物（以下NOx という）等の大気汚染物質を分別除
去する装置に関する。The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating removal of air pollutants particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, such as carbon particles (hereinafter referred to as NO x), etc. contained in the exhaust of a diesel engine or the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】自動車等のディーゼルエンジンの排気や
焼却炉等からの排気には、カーボン粒子等の粒子状物質
（ＳＰＭ）やNOx 等の大気汚染物質が含まれており、そ
の処理は大きな社会問題となっている。これらの大気汚
染物質は、特にディーゼル車の徐行運転時やアイドリン
グ時に多量に排出される。このような観点から、バスタ
ーミナルを半閉鎖空間とし、その内部の空気中の汚染物
質を除去することが研究され、提案されている。The exhaust from the exhaust and incinerators BACKGROUND ART Diesel engines such as an automobile, includes a air pollutants such as particulate matter (SPM) and NO x, such as carbon particles, the process big It has become a social problem. These air pollutants are emitted in large quantities, especially during slow driving and idling of diesel vehicles. From such a viewpoint, research and proposals have been made to make the bus terminal a semi-enclosed space and to remove pollutants in the air inside the bus terminal.
【０００３】しかし、一旦大気中に放出され拡がった汚
染物質を除去することは効率的でなく、又、交通渋滞で
のろのろ運転を余儀なくされる場所は一般に開放された
空間であり、そのような場所に放出された汚染物質の処
理は非常に困難である。[0003] However, it is not efficient to remove pollutants that have been released into the atmosphere and spread, and the place where the driver must operate slowly in a traffic jam is generally an open space. It is very difficult to treat the pollutants released into the country.
【０００４】したがって、ディーゼルエンジン等の排気
中の大気汚染物質の分別処理は、車両に搭載された装置
によりディーゼルエンジンから排出された後、大気に放
出される前に行なうことが適当と考えられる。[0004] Therefore, it is considered appropriate to carry out a process of separating air pollutants in exhaust gas from a diesel engine or the like after the gas is discharged from the diesel engine by a device mounted on the vehicle and before it is discharged to the atmosphere.
【０００５】気体に含まれた粒子状物質を分別する装置
としてはサイクロンが機構が簡単でコストも高くなく、
車両毎に搭載するのに適していると考えられる。しか
し、サイクロンでは排気とNOx の如き気体とを分別する
ことができず、又、極く微小な粒子状物質は気体に浮遊
して分別できない。As a device for separating particulate matter contained in a gas, a cyclone has a simple mechanism and is not expensive.
It is considered suitable for mounting on each vehicle. However, it is not possible to separate the gas such as the exhaust and NO x in the cyclone, also very fine particulate material is not separated floating on the gas.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上記の点に
かんがみ、分別手段として構成の簡単なサイクロンを採
用し、しかも微小な粒子状物質及びNOx を排気より分別
して、浄化された排気を大気中に排出することのできる
エンジンと一体に車載可能な汚染物質分別装置を提供す
ることを課題とする。[0008] The present invention, in view of the above problems, adopting a simple cyclone configuration as separation means, moreover was fractionally from the exhaust fine particulate matter and NO x, purified exhaust It is an object of the present invention to provide a pollutant separation apparatus that can be mounted on a vehicle integrally with an engine that can emit methane into the atmosphere.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記の課題を
解決するため、排気中に含まれる粒子状物質及び有害酸
化物等の大気汚染物質を分別する装置において、粒子状
物質及び液滴を気体から分別する直列に配した複数のサ
イクロン、一端が排気管に接続され、他端が上記各サイ
クロンの内の第１サイクロンの本体外側面上部に接続さ
れる第１の排気導管、上記第１サイクロンとこれに続く
サイクロン同志を接続するよう一端が上記各サイクロン
の上部にかつ他端が隣のサイクロンの本体外側面上部に
接続される第２の排気導管、窒素酸化物を中和する中和
液又は水溶液を貯溜する中和液貯槽、該中和液貯槽中の
中和液を圧送する中和液圧送手段、上記中和液圧送手段
より圧送される中和液を、上記第１と第２の各排気導管
中に噴霧する中和液噴霧ノズル、気体より分別された粒
子状物質の一部を懸濁する中和液を、各サイクロンから
上記中和液貯槽に向って戻す複数の戻し管、及び該各戻
し管に回収された粒子状物質を中和液から分別するフィ
ルタを有する大気汚染物質分別装置を提供する。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an apparatus for separating particulate matter and air pollutants such as harmful oxides contained in exhaust gas. A plurality of cyclones arranged in series for separating gas from the gas, a first exhaust pipe having one end connected to the exhaust pipe and the other end connected to the upper part of the outer surface of the main body of the first cyclone of each of the cyclones, A second exhaust conduit, one end of which is connected to the top of each cyclone and the other end of which is connected to the top of the outer surface of the adjacent cyclone, for connecting one cyclone to the next cyclone, and for neutralizing nitrogen oxides. A neutralizing solution storage tank for storing the Japanese solution or the aqueous solution, a neutralizing solution pumping means for pumping the neutralizing solution in the neutralizing solution tank, and a neutralizing solution pumped from the neutralizing solution pumping means, Neutralization spraying into each second exhaust conduit A spray nozzle, a plurality of return pipes for returning a neutralization liquid for suspending a part of the particulate matter separated from the gas from each cyclone toward the neutralization liquid storage tank, and particles collected in each of the return pipes Provided is an air pollutant separation device having a filter for separating a particulate matter from a neutralized liquid.
【０００８】[0008]
【作用】本発明の大気汚染物質分別装置は上記の如く構
成されているので、車両等のディーゼルエンジン等の排
気管より排出されるカーボン粒子等の粒子状物質及びNO
x を含んだ排気は排気導管内を通ってサイクロン本体上
部に接線方向に導入され、サイクロン本体内を旋回す
る。排気導管内には中和液噴射ノズルよりNOx を中和す
る中和液が噴射されているので、排気中のNOx は中和さ
れる。又、粒子状物質は中和液の霧によって濡れ凝集し
て漸次大径化し、極く微小な粒子は殆んどなくなり、
又、中和液の霧も凝集して液滴となり、粒子状物質及び
中和液はサイクロンにより排気と効率良く分別され、サ
イクロン本体側壁内面に沿って下降し、排気はサイクロ
ンの中心を上昇して排気される。Since the apparatus for separating air pollutants of the present invention is constructed as described above, particulate matter such as carbon particles discharged from an exhaust pipe of a diesel engine of a vehicle or the like and NO
Exhaust containing x is tangentially introduced into the upper part of the cyclone body through the exhaust pipe and swirls in the cyclone body. Because in the exhaust conduit neutralization liquid to neutralize the more NO x neutralization liquid injection nozzle is injected, NO x in the exhaust gas are neutralized. Also, the particulate matter gets wet and agglomerated by the mist of the neutralizing solution and gradually increases in diameter, and very small particles are almost eliminated,
In addition, the mist of the neutralizing liquid also aggregates into droplets, and the particulate matter and the neutralizing liquid are efficiently separated from the exhaust by the cyclone, descend along the inner surface of the side wall of the cyclone body, and the exhaust rises at the center of the cyclone. Exhausted.
【０００９】サイクロン本体下部に貯った中和液と粒子
状物質の一部とは懸濁状態となって戻り管を中和液貯槽
の方に戻り、その途中でフィルタにより粒子状物質が分
別され、中和液のみが中和液貯槽に戻り、繰返し循環使
用される。The neutralizing solution and a part of the particulate matter stored in the lower part of the cyclone body are suspended, and the return pipe returns to the neutralizing solution storage tank, and on the way, the particulate matter is separated by a filter. Then, only the neutralizing solution returns to the neutralizing solution storage tank, and is repeatedly used.
【００１０】サイクロンの下部に溜った粒子状物質、フ
ィルタ内の粒子状物質及び中和液貯槽内の中和液は予め
定められた運転時間後取出され、中和液は新しいものと
交換される。The particulate matter accumulated in the lower part of the cyclone, the particulate matter in the filter and the neutralizing solution in the neutralizing solution storage tank are removed after a predetermined operation time, and the neutralizing solution is replaced with a new one. .
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】以下に、本発明の実施例を、図面に基づいて
詳細に説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
【００１２】図１は、本発明の実施例を示す図である。
本実施例のディーゼルエンジン排気からの大気汚染物質
分別装置は、ディーゼルエンジン１と一体として車両に
搭載されている。本実施例の装置では分別手段として３
基のサイクロン２，２′，２″が使用されている。第１
のサイクロン２に対しては、ディーゼルエンジン１の排
気管に一端が接続される排気導管３の他端が、サイクロ
ン本体の外側面上部に概ね水平に接線方向に接続されて
いる。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
The apparatus for separating air pollutants from exhaust gas of a diesel engine according to this embodiment is mounted on a vehicle integrally with the diesel engine 1. In the apparatus of the present embodiment, 3
The base cyclones 2,2 ', 2 "are used.
The other end of the exhaust pipe 3 having one end connected to the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine 1 is connected to the upper part of the outer surface of the cyclone body in a substantially horizontal and tangential direction.
【００１３】第２サイクロン２′に対しては、第１サイ
クロン２で大気汚染物質を分別した排気の排気導管４
が、第３サイクロン２″に対しては、第２サイクロン
２′の排気導管４′が、夫々サイクロン本体の外側面上
部に概ね水平に接線方向に接続されている。For the second cyclone 2 ′, an exhaust pipe 4 of the exhaust gas from which air pollutants are separated by the first cyclone 2.
However, with respect to the third cyclone 2 ″, the exhaust pipe 4 ′ of the second cyclone 2 ′ is connected to the upper part of the outer surface of the cyclone body in a substantially horizontal and tangential direction.
【００１４】各排気導管３，４，４′には、その中にNO
x を中和する中和液を噴霧するための中和液噴霧ノズル
５が夫々設けられている。中和液は、中和液貯槽６に貯
溜されており、中和液圧送装置７により、各噴霧ノズル
５に圧送されて排気導管３，４，４′内に噴霧される。Each exhaust conduit 3, 4, 4 'has NO in it.
A neutralizing solution spray nozzle 5 for spraying a neutralizing solution for neutralizing x is provided. The neutralizing solution is stored in a neutralizing solution storage tank 6, and is sent to each spray nozzle 5 by a neutralizing solution pumping device 7 to be sprayed into exhaust pipes 3, 4, 4 ′.
【００１５】各サイクロン２，２′，２″の下端には、
サイクロンの作用により分別された粒子状物質と中和液
とを溜めるホッパ８が設けられ、各ホッパ８に溜まった
粒子状物質一部を懸濁する中和液を、中和液貯槽の方に
戻す戻し管９が配設されている。３本の戻し管９は１つ
に集合した後、粒子状物質と中和液とを分別するフィル
タ１０を経て図示しない回収ポンプにより中和液貯槽６
に戻る。ホッパ８の下端にはバルブ１１が設けられ、ホ
ッパ８の下部に沈降堆積した粒子状物質を取出すことが
可能となっている。At the lower end of each cyclone 2, 2 ', 2 ",
A hopper 8 for storing the particulate matter separated by the action of the cyclone and the neutralizing liquid is provided, and the neutralizing liquid for suspending a part of the particulate matter collected in each hopper 8 is transferred to the neutralizing liquid storage tank. A return pipe 9 for returning is provided. After the three return pipes 9 are gathered together, they pass through a filter 10 for separating the particulate matter and the neutralizing liquid, and then a neutralizing liquid storage tank 6 by a collecting pump (not shown).
Return to A valve 11 is provided at the lower end of the hopper 8 so that particulate matter settled and deposited at the lower part of the hopper 8 can be taken out.
【００１６】この装置は、以上の如く構成されているの
で、ディーゼルエンジン１の運転時、中和液圧送装置、
中和液回収ポンプを運転することにより、中和液貯槽６
内に貯溜された中和液は各噴霧ノズル５に圧送されて排
気導管３，４，４″内に噴霧される。その結果、ディー
ゼルエンジン排気中のカーボン粒子等の粒子状物質は中
和液の霧に濡らされて飛翔する間に漸次小径の粒子が集
塊して大径の粒子となり、一方中和液の霧は排気中のNO
x に接触してこれを中和し、集積して液滴となり、接線
方向にサイクロン２に導入されることにより遠心分離さ
れて粒子状物質と中和液の液滴はサイクロン本体の側壁
内面に沿って降下し、排気はサイクロンの中心線に沿っ
て上昇し排気導管４より、第２サイクロンに導入され、
同様の作用を繰返し、さらに第２サイクロン２′により
分別された排気は第３サイクロン２″により粒子状物質
及び中和液を分離して浄化排ガスが大気に排出される。Since this device is configured as described above, when the diesel engine 1 is operated, the neutralized liquid pumping device,
By operating the neutralizing solution recovery pump, the neutralizing solution storage tank 6
The neutralized liquid stored in the internal combustion engine is sent to each spray nozzle 5 and sprayed into the exhaust pipes 3, 4, and 4 ″. As a result, the particulate matter such as carbon particles in the exhaust gas of the diesel engine is neutralized. Small particles gradually agglomerate into large particles while flying while being wetted by the mist of the neutralized liquid, while the mist of the neutralized liquid
x and neutralizes it, accumulates into droplets, and is tangentially introduced into the cyclone 2 to be centrifuged to separate particulate matter and neutralizing liquid droplets on the inner surface of the side wall of the cyclone body. And the exhaust gas rises along the center line of the cyclone and is introduced into the second cyclone through the exhaust conduit 4.
The same operation is repeated, and the exhaust gas separated by the second cyclone 2 'is further separated into particulate matter and neutralized solution by the third cyclone 2 ", and the purified exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere.
【００１７】サイクロン２，２′，２″により排気から
分別された粒子状物質及び中和液はホッパ８に落下し粒
子状物質は下部に堆積する。しかし粒子状物質の一部は
中和液に懸濁した状態で戻しポンプに吸引されて戻し管
９を経てフィルタ１０に至り、フィルタ１０で分別され
て、中和液のみが中和液貯槽に戻される。戻された中和
液は、中和液圧送装置により再度、中和液噴霧ノズル５
に圧送され繰返し使用される。The particulate matter and the neutralizing liquid separated from the exhaust gas by the cyclones 2, 2 ', 2 "fall into the hopper 8, and the particulate matter is deposited on the lower part. The neutralized solution is sucked by the return pump in the state of being suspended in the filter, reaches the filter 10 via the return tube 9, is separated by the filter 10, and only the neutralized solution is returned to the neutralized solution storage tank. The neutralizing solution spray nozzle 5
And is used repeatedly.
【００１８】時間の経過にしたがい、ホッパ８には粒子
状物質がたまり、フィルタ１０にも粒子状物質が詰って
目詰り状態になる。又、中和液のNOx 中和能力も次第に
低下する。そこであらかじめ定められた時間経過毎に、
ホッパ８、フィルタ１０から粒子状物質を除去し、中和
液を新しいものと交換する。As time passes, particulate matter accumulates in the hopper 8, and the filter 10 becomes clogged with particulate matter. Also gradually decreases NO x neutralizing capacity of neutralized solution. Therefore, every time a predetermined time elapses,
The particulate matter is removed from the hopper 8 and the filter 10, and the neutralizing solution is replaced with a new one.
【００１９】上記の実施例では、サイクロンの数を３基
とした例を説明したが、サイクロンの数はこれに限られ
るものではなく、１基でも、任意の複数基でもよい。In the above embodiment, an example was described in which the number of cyclones was three. However, the number of cyclones is not limited to this, and one or an arbitrary number of cyclones may be used.
【００２０】又、NOx 中和液の代りに水を使用しても、
カーボン粒子等の粒子状物質の分別効果は得られる。そ
の場合は別途NOx 除去装置を設けることが望ましい。Further, even if water is used instead of the NO x neutralizing solution,
An effect of separating particulate matter such as carbon particles can be obtained. In that case, it is desirable to provide a separate NO x removal device.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の効果】以上の如く、本発明によれば、簡単な構
成でディーゼルエンジン排気中のカーボン粒子やNOx を
効率良く除去することができるので、エンジン排気によ
る大気汚染の防止に顕著な効果が得られる。なお、本発
明は自動車のディーゼルエンジンのみならず、鉄道車両
や船舶等のディーゼルエンジンはもとより、固定式のデ
ィーゼルエンジンの排気処理にも適用可能である。さら
には、本発明は、焼却炉のように排気の出る燃焼装置や
内燃機関にも適用される。As evident from the foregoing description, according to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently remove the carbon particles and NO x in diesel engine exhaust with a simple structure, remarkable prevention of air pollution by engine exhaust effect Is obtained. The present invention is applicable not only to automobile diesel engines but also to exhaust treatment of stationary diesel engines as well as diesel engines for railway vehicles and ships. Furthermore, the present invention is also applied to a combustion device that emits exhaust gas such as an incinerator or an internal combustion engine.
【図１】本発明の実施例の構成を示す斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
１ ディーゼルエンジン ２，２′，２″ サイクロン ３，４，４′ 排気導管 ５ 中和液噴霧ノズル ６ 中和液貯槽 ７ 中和液圧送装置 ８ ホッパ ９ 戻し管 １０ フィルタ １１ バルブ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Diesel engine 2,2 ', 2 "Cyclone 3,4,4' Exhaust conduit 5 Neutralizing liquid spray nozzle 6 Neutralizing liquid storage tank 7 Neutralizing liquid pumping device 8 Hopper 9 Return pipe 10 Filter 11 Valve
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) F23J 15/00 ZAB B01D 53/56 B01D 53/77 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) F23J 15/00 ZAB B01D 53/56 B01D 53/77
Claims (1)
化物等の大気汚染物質を分別する装置において、 粒子状物質及び液滴を気体から分別する直列に配した複
数のサイクロン、 一端が排気管に接続され、他端が上記各サイクロンの内
の第１サイクロンの本体外側面上部に接続される第１の
排気導管、上記第１サイクロンとこれに続くサイクロン同志を接続
するよう一端が上記各サイクロンの上部にかつ他端が隣
のサイクロンの本体外側面上部に接続される第２の排気
導管、 窒素酸化物を中和する中和液又は水溶液を貯溜する中和
液貯槽、 該中和液貯槽中の中和液を圧送する中和液圧送手段、 上記中和液圧送手段より圧送される中和液を、上記第１
と第２の各排気導管中に噴霧する中和液噴霧ノズル、 気体より分別された粒子状物質の一部を懸濁する中和液
を、各サイクロンから上記中和液貯槽に向って戻す複数
の戻し管、及び該各戻し管に回収された粒子状物質を中
和液から分別するフィルタを有する大気汚染物質分別装
置。An apparatus for separating air pollutants such as particulate matter and harmful oxides contained in exhaust gas, comprising: a plurality of cyclones arranged in series for separating particulate matter and droplets from gas; The other end of each cyclone is connected to a pipe .
First first <br/> exhaust conduit connected to the main body outer surface upper portion of the cyclone, connecting the cyclone comrades followed by the said first cyclone
One end is above each cyclone and the other end is next to
Exhaust connected to the upper part of the outer surface of the main body of the cyclone
A conduit, a neutralizing solution storage tank for storing a neutralizing solution or an aqueous solution for neutralizing nitrogen oxides, a neutralizing solution pumping means for pumping the neutralizing solution in the neutralizing solution tank, that the neutralizing solution, the first
And a neutralizing liquid spray nozzle for spraying into each of the second exhaust conduits, a plurality of neutralizing liquids for suspending a part of the particulate matter separated from the gas from each cyclone toward the neutralizing liquid storage tank. And an air pollutant separation apparatus having a filter for separating particulate matter collected in each return pipe from the neutralized solution.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6073769A JP3009991B2 (en) | 1994-03-22 | 1994-03-22 | Air pollutant separation system from exhaust gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6073769A JP3009991B2 (en) | 1994-03-22 | 1994-03-22 | Air pollutant separation system from exhaust gas |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07260130A JPH07260130A (en) | 1995-10-13 |
| JP3009991B2 true JP3009991B2 (en) | 2000-02-14 |
Family
ID=13527759
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6073769A Expired - Fee Related JP3009991B2 (en) | 1994-03-22 | 1994-03-22 | Air pollutant separation system from exhaust gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3009991B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005262080A (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2005-09-29 | Fukuma Manabu | Cyclone device, preparatory revolving part used therefor, dust removing apparatus equipped with cyclone device and automobile |
| KR100902656B1 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2009-06-15 | 한국기계연구원 | Aerodynamic removing apparatus for condensible tar in exhaust gas |
| JP6111229B2 (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2017-04-05 | 株式会社日省エンジニアリング | Exhaust gas purification device |
| CN109092000B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-03-23 | 上海交通大学 | Multistage adsorption flue gas pollutant trapping system and flue gas purification method thereof |
| CN113304599B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2022-05-27 | 天津中材工程研究中心有限公司 | Spray gun arrangement method for preventing cyclone tube from skinning |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52129678A (en) * | 1976-04-24 | 1977-10-31 | Seru Kougiyou Yuugengaishiya | Method of removing nitrogen oxides from exhaust gas |
| JPS59170738U (en) * | 1983-04-25 | 1984-11-15 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Exhaust gas exhaust device |
| JP3276158B2 (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 2002-04-22 | バブコック日立株式会社 | Denitration equipment |
| JP3256717B2 (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 2002-02-12 | 財団法人エンジニアリング振興協会 | Semi-dry and dry desulfurization equipment |
-
1994
- 1994-03-22 JP JP6073769A patent/JP3009991B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH07260130A (en) | 1995-10-13 |
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