JP2892870B2 - Building grounding automatic switch - Google Patents
Building grounding automatic switchInfo
- Publication number
- JP2892870B2 JP2892870B2 JP3267673A JP26767391A JP2892870B2 JP 2892870 B2 JP2892870 B2 JP 2892870B2 JP 3267673 A JP3267673 A JP 3267673A JP 26767391 A JP26767391 A JP 26767391A JP 2892870 B2 JP2892870 B2 JP 2892870B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- grounding
- building
- type automatic
- ground
- lightning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、インテリジェントビ
ル、電算センター、産業施設等において、避雷針用接
地、電力保安用接地、弱電・信号用接地極を夫々独立し
て施設した場合、避雷針に落雷し、各々の接地極の電位
上昇にばらつきを生じた場合、絶縁の弱い機器に被害を
生じることを防止する目的のビル接地方式自動切替器に
関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a lightning arrester in an intelligent building, a computer center, an industrial facility, or the like, in which a lightning rod, a power protection ground, and a weak power / signal ground are provided independently. In addition, the present invention relates to a building grounding type automatic switch for preventing damage to equipment with weak insulation when variations in the potential rise of each grounding electrode occur.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】電気用接地は大きく分類すると、電力関
係の保安用接地と、電気通信、コンピュータ制御関係に
用いられる信号用電位安定化接地の二つに分類される。2. Description of the Related Art Electrical grounds can be broadly classified into two categories: power-related security grounds, and signal potential stabilized grounds used in telecommunications and computer control.
【０００３】現在では、広い事業所用地が得難いこと、
低接地抵抗を得るためにはメッシュ接地、並列接地など
が必要であること、落雷の時は、全部の接地が共用であ
れば事業所全体が等電位になり被害を最小限におさえら
れること等の理由から、全部の接地を共用にするいわゆ
る共用接地方式が主流となっている。At present, it is difficult to obtain a large business site,
In order to obtain a low grounding resistance, mesh grounding, parallel grounding, etc. are necessary. In case of lightning, if all grounding is shared, the entire office will be at the same potential and damage will be minimized. For this reason, a so-called common grounding method in which all the grounds are commonly used has become mainstream.
【０００４】しかし、コンピュータ制御を中心とする弱
電精密機器では雑音障害排除の強い要望から、単独接地
方式の要望が多く、独立した単独接地を施設する場合が
少なくない。[0004] However, in the case of precision electric equipment mainly for computer control, there is a strong demand for eliminating noise interference, and there are many demands for a single grounding system, and in many cases, an independent single grounding facility is provided.
【０００５】平常時は、このような単独の接地方式が理
想的であるが、一旦落雷等があると、接地極間に電位差
が生じ、耐電圧性能の低い弱電機器が被害をうける例が
多く、この種の事故が後をたたない。[0005] In normal times, such a single grounding method is ideal. However, once lightning strikes occur, a potential difference is generated between the grounding poles, and in many cases, weak electrical equipment having low withstand voltage performance is damaged. This kind of accident is behind.
【０００６】従って、この対策として、夫々の接地極間
にサージアブソーバー等の避雷器を取り付けるビル接地
方式が望まれる。しかし避雷針に落雷してビル床面の局
地的電圧が大地に対して上昇した場合には、サージアブ
ソーバーの耐エネルギー性能が不足するため、上前記の
避雷器が焼損し役立たない場合もある。Therefore, as a countermeasure, a building grounding system in which a surge arrester such as a surge absorber is installed between each grounding pole is desired. However, when the lightning strikes on the lightning rod and the local voltage on the floor of the building rises with respect to the ground, the energy absorption performance of the surge absorber is insufficient, so that the above lightning arrester may be burned and useless.
【０００７】又、耐エネルギー性能を向上させるには
「放電ギャップ」を持った避雷器を使用すればよいが、
通常の「電路用避雷器」では放電したとき引きつづいて
商用電源による放電電流、いわゆる「続流」防止のため
に電極材料が制限されること、ギャップをある程度以上
せばめられないこと等の理由で、例えば、耐熱性が強
く、溶融性が無いので、ギャップを極端にせばめられる
カーボン製の火花電極は、続流遮断性能が極端に悪いた
め使用できない。従って放電ギャップの放電開始電圧を
低くすることができず、電路の絶縁破壊電圧と協調がと
れない、という問題点も残されていた。In order to improve the energy resistance performance, an arrester having a "discharge gap" may be used.
In ordinary `` lightning arresters for electric circuit '', the discharge current by the commercial power supply after discharging, the electrode material is limited to prevent the so-called `` continuous current '', the gap can not be limited more than a certain degree, For example, a spark electrode made of carbon, which has a high heat resistance and no melting property, so that the gap can be extremely narrowed, cannot be used because the follow current blocking performance is extremely poor. Therefore, there still remains a problem that the discharge starting voltage of the discharge gap cannot be lowered and coordination with the dielectric breakdown voltage of the electric circuit cannot be achieved.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】前記のように、従来の
方法では、１．独立接地方式にすると、いずれかの接地
極が電位上昇したときその影響をうけて弱電機器に大き
な被害を生ずる場合がある。As described above, in the conventional method, the following methods are required. In the case of the independent grounding method, when any one of the grounding electrodes rises in potential, the influence may be greatly affected by the weak electric equipment.
【０００９】２．共用接地方式にすると前記１．の被害
は防げるが、平常時の雑音障害に対する処理が十分に得
られない。[0009] 2. When the common grounding method is adopted, the above-mentioned 1. Can prevent the damage, but it cannot provide enough processing for noise disturbance in normal times.
【００１０】３．夫々の接地極間にサージアブソーバー
または、サージアブソーバーに放電ギャップを並列接続
した従来の避雷器を接続した接地システムでは、エネル
ギー耐量が不足したり、電路の絶縁破壊電圧と協調がと
れない。[0010] 3. In a grounding system in which a surge absorber or a conventional surge arrester in which a discharge gap is connected in parallel with a surge absorber is connected between the respective grounding poles, the energy withstand capability is insufficient, and coordination with the dielectric breakdown voltage of the electric circuit cannot be achieved.
【００１１】以上の矛盾した問題点がある。There are the above contradictory problems.
【００１２】本発明は上記問題点に鑑み創案したもの
で、独立接地の利点は十分に活かし、落雷時に瞬時に他
の接地極との電位差を等電位にするビル接地方式自動切
替器を提供するものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a building grounding type automatic switch that makes full use of the advantage of independent grounding and instantaneously makes the potential difference with other grounding electrodes the same potential during a lightning strike. Things.
【００１３】[0013]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は前記課題を解決
するため創案したもので、ビルディング等の構築体にお
いて、避雷針用接地、電力用保安接地、弱電、信号用接
地等を個別に独立して施設し、更に、前記単独接地極か
らの立上り線を同一の接地端子箱に収めた接地端子に連
結させると共に、各接地端子間はビル接地方式自動切替
器を介して連結し、平常時は電気的に絶縁されており、
落雷時一つの接地極の電位が急上昇した時は、ビル接地
方式自動切替器が瞬時に動作し、他の接地極と連結し、
すべての接地極を等電位化するようにしたビル接地方式
自動切替器で、しかもエネルギー耐量が大で、電路の絶
縁破壊電圧と協調がとれるものを提供するものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems. In a building such as a building, a lightning rod ground, a power security ground, a weak power supply, a signal ground, and the like are individually and independently provided. In addition, the rising line from the single grounding electrode is connected to the grounding terminal housed in the same grounding terminal box, and the grounding terminals are connected to each other via a building grounding type automatic changeover device. Electrically insulated,
When the potential of one ground pole suddenly rises during a lightning strike, the building grounding system automatic switcher instantaneously operates and connects with the other ground pole,
An object of the present invention is to provide a building grounding type automatic switching device in which all grounding electrodes are made equal in potential, and which have a large energy withstand capability and can cooperate with a dielectric breakdown voltage of an electric circuit.
【００１４】[0014]
【作用】本発明を図１、図２で説明すると、各単独接地
極３，５，６が施設してあり、若し接地極３，５，６の
何れか一つの接地極（図では避雷針の接地極３）に落雷
等で大電流が流れ高電圧が生じ電位が急上昇すると、そ
の接地系統の何処かで絶縁の弱い所、例えば電子機器の
コンセント１１のところで火花放電し、入力線を伝わっ
て電子機器１２の内部に入り、内部では更に絶縁が弱い
ので、その信号接地１３に火花放電し、他の接地系統へ
電流が流れることになる（過去この種の事故実績が非常
に多い）。そこで本発明は、図に示されるようにビル接
地方式自動切替器１０を設置し、事故の際は瞬時に前記
の絶縁破壊電圧よりはるかに低い電圧で作動するよう
に、接地端子箱７内で他の接地極との間を連結し、バイ
パスするので連結された接地系は全て等電位になり安全
となる。またビル接地方式自動切替器１０の作用を図３
で説明すると、端子１４，１４′の間に、前記の電位差
がかかると、まず瞬時にサージアブソーバー１９とバイ
ファイラー巻した抵抗線を直列に接続した回路が動作
し、通過電流がふえて電位差が大きくなると、制限電圧
も高くなるが放電ギャップ１７の放電電圧に達すれば、
この間で放電し、一挙に電位差はなくなる（通過電流は
大きくなる）。The present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. Each of the individual grounding poles 3, 5, and 6 is provided, and if any one of the grounding poles 3, 5, and 6 is provided (in the figure, a lightning rod is shown). When a large current flows through the grounding pole 3) due to a lightning strike or the like and a high voltage is generated and the potential rises sharply, a spark is discharged somewhere in the grounding system, for example, at the outlet 11 of the electronic device, and the electric power is transmitted through the input line. As a result, since the insulation enters the electronic device 12 and the insulation is further weakened, a spark discharge occurs to the signal ground 13 and a current flows to another ground system (these accident records have been very large in the past). Accordingly, the present invention installs a building grounding type automatic changeover device 10 as shown in the figure, and in the case of an accident, operates within a grounding terminal box 7 so that it operates instantaneously at a voltage much lower than the above-mentioned breakdown voltage. Since it is connected to another grounding pole and bypassed, all the connected grounding systems have the same potential and are safe. FIG. 3 shows the operation of the automatic switch 10 for the building grounding system.
When the potential difference is applied between the terminals 14 and 14 ', a circuit in which a surge absorber 19 and a bifilar-wound resistance wire are connected in series operates instantaneously, and the potential difference increases when the passing current increases. As the voltage increases, the limit voltage also increases.
Discharge occurs during this time, and the potential difference disappears at once (the passing current increases).
【００１５】放電ギャップ１７の電極材料は接地極間で
は前記したような続流の問題は関係ないので、カーボン
製の電極を使用する。カーボン電極は、融着並びに酸化
皮膜の形成がないため、放電により表面が消耗しても比
較的平滑を保っているため、ギャップを極端にせばめる
ことも可能であるから、前記したごとき電路の絶縁破壊
電圧以下で動作させることができる。As for the electrode material of the discharge gap 17, the electrode of carbon is used because the problem of the following flow does not matter between the ground electrodes. Since the carbon electrode has no fusion or formation of an oxide film, it maintains a relatively smooth surface even when the surface is consumed by electric discharge, so that the gap can be extremely narrowed. It can be operated below the dielectric breakdown voltage.
【００１６】その上、耐熱性がつよく、耐エネルギー性
能は極めて高い。In addition, it has good heat resistance and extremely high energy resistance.
【００１７】[0017]
【実施例】図は、本発明によるビル接地方式自動切替器
の一実施例を図に基いて説明する。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a building grounding type automatic switch according to the present invention.
【００１８】図１、図２に示すようにビルディングの接
地としては、三極の単独接地極が施設されている。この
三極の単独極取付け位置は、避雷針１、鉄骨利用引下げ
導線２、地下コンクリート壁による躯体接地極３と、そ
の他に通信制御用接地極５、電力用接地極６が前記した
ように施設してある。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a three-pole single ground electrode is provided for grounding the building. The single pole mounting position of the three poles is such that the lightning rod 1, the down-conducting wire 2 using steel frame, the skeleton grounding pole 3 formed by the underground concrete wall, the communication control grounding pole 5, and the power grounding pole 6 are provided as described above. It is.
【００１９】前記各接地極３，５，６からの立上り線４
は、接地端子箱７内に集められて取付けた接続端子８，
８′，８″…に接続され、更に接続端子８，８′，８″
…には、各接地系統毎に各接地母線９，９′，９″…が
配線されると共に、接地端子箱７内に取付けたビル接地
方式自動切替器１０，１０′，１０″…を介して各接地
極の接続端子８，８′，８″…に導線にて連結させて結
んである。Rise line 4 from each of the ground electrodes 3, 5, 6
Are the connection terminals 8, collected and mounted in the ground terminal box 7,
8 ', 8 "..., And further, connection terminals 8, 8', 8"
Are connected to grounding buses 9, 9 ', 9 ",... For each grounding system, and via building grounding type automatic changeover switches 10, 10', 10", which are mounted in the grounding terminal box 7. Are connected to the connection terminals 8, 8 ', 8 ",.
【００２０】更に、室内に配した前記接地母線９，
９′，９″…のうち例えば避雷針用の母線９に接地端子
付３Ｐとコンセント１１の接地極が接続され、また通信
制御用接地極５に連結する母線９′に電子機器１２の信
号接地１３が接続してあるとする。もし、ビル接地方式
自動切替器１０が無い場合は、電子機器１２はコンセン
ト１１より電源を得ているので、接地極３の電位が上昇
した場合は１１⇒１２⇒１３と夫々の絶縁を破って接地
極５へ事故電流が流れることになる。Further, the grounding bus 9, which is arranged in the room,
9 ', 9 "..., For example, a 3P with a ground terminal and a ground pole of an outlet 11 are connected to a bus 9 for a lightning rod, and a signal ground 13 of an electronic device 12 is connected to a bus 9' connected to a ground pole 5 for communication control. If the building grounding type automatic switch 10 is not provided, the electronic device 12 is supplied with power from the outlet 11, and if the potential of the grounding electrode 3 rises, 11 → 12⇒ The fault current flows to the grounding electrode 5 by breaking the insulation of each of them.
【００２１】前記ビル接地方式自動切替器１０は接地端
子箱７に複数配列して取付け収められ、夫々図３に示す
ように、接続端子１４，１４′を備えた放電電極保持金
具１５，１５′と押ねじ２０で保持したカーボン製の放
電電極１６，１６′を、放電ギャップ１７をおいて対立
させて取付け、更に放電電極１６，１６′間にはテフロ
ンチューブ等に挿入したバイファイラー巻抵抗線１８、
サージアブソーバー１９を直列にして介在させて、ネジ
２１により放電ギャップと並列になるよう連結して構成
してある。サージアブソーバー１９の性能劣化が外部か
らでもわかるように、目視できる個所に温度ラベル２２
が貼付けられる。この構成でバイファイラー巻抵抗線１
８を用いてサージアブソーバー１９の耐エネルギーの特
性に応じて抵抗値を決め、放電ギャップ１７の放電電圧
との協調がとれるようにしてある。即ち、放電ギャップ
１７の放電開始電圧をサージアブソーバー１９のサージ
耐量で除した値と抵抗線１８の抵抗値が略等しく、その
電流容量もサージアブソーバー１９のサージ耐量より大
となる。A plurality of the building grounding type automatic changers 10 are mounted and housed in the grounding terminal box 7, and as shown in FIG. 3, discharge electrode holding brackets 15, 15 'having connection terminals 14, 14', respectively. And discharge electrodes 16 and 16 'made of carbon, which are held by a set screw 20, are opposed to each other with a discharge gap 17 therebetween, and a bifilar wound resistance wire inserted in a Teflon tube or the like is provided between the discharge electrodes 16 and 16'. 18,
The surge absorber 19 is interposed in series and connected by a screw 21 in parallel with the discharge gap. The temperature label 22 is provided at a visible position so that the performance deterioration of the surge absorber 19 can be recognized from outside.
Is affixed. With this configuration, bifilar wound resistance wire 1
8, the resistance value is determined in accordance with the energy resistance characteristics of the surge absorber 19, so that coordination with the discharge voltage of the discharge gap 17 can be achieved. That is, the value obtained by dividing the discharge start voltage of the discharge gap 17 by the surge withstand capability of the surge absorber 19 is substantially equal to the resistance value of the resistance wire 18, and the current capacity is also greater than the surge withstand capability of the surge absorber 19.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明は単独接地
を複数組設置した時各接地端子をビル接地方式自動切替
器で連結し結んでおけば、常時は単独接地の利点を十分
活かし、避雷針に落雷したときは全ての接地極は共通接
地となり、各々の接地極間に電位差を生じない。As described above, according to the present invention, when a plurality of sets of single grounds are installed, if the grounding terminals are connected and connected by a building grounding type automatic changeover, the advantages of the single grounding can be fully utilized at all times. When the lightning rod strikes, all the grounding poles become the common ground, and there is no potential difference between the respective grounding poles.
【００２３】そのほか、 （１）サージ応答速度が早い （２）エネルギー耐量が極めて大である （３）誤ってサージ以外の連続故障電流がながれても、
器具が発火しない （４）故障した場合の発見が容易である （５）動作開始電圧が一定である （６）長期の使用に十分耐え得る 等の効果がある。In addition, (1) the surge response speed is fast (2) the energy withstand is extremely large (3) even if a continuous fault current other than the surge is accidentally flown,
The appliance does not ignite. (4) It is easy to find when a failure occurs. (5) The operation start voltage is constant. (6) The effect is that it can sufficiently withstand long-term use.
【図１】本発明の背景となる単独接地極と接地線引留接
続端子と、ビル接地方式自動切替器の配置を示した説明
図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement of a single grounding electrode, a ground wire termination connection terminal, and a building grounding type automatic switch which are the background of the present invention.
【図２】図１の拡大した説明図である。FIG. 2 is an enlarged explanatory view of FIG. 1;
【図３】本発明におけるビル接地方式自動切替器を示し
た正面図である。FIG. 3 is a front view showing a building grounding type automatic switch according to the present invention.
１ 避雷針 ２ 鉄骨利用引下げ導線 ３，５，６ 接地極 ４ 立上り線 ７ 接地端子箱 ８，８′，８″ 接続端子 ９，９′，９″ 接地母線 １０ ビル接地方式自動切替器 １１ コンセント １２ 電子機器 １３ 信号接地 １４，１４′ 接続端子 １５，１５′ 放電電極保持金具 １６，１６′ 放電電極 １７ 放電ギャップ １８ バイファイラー巻抵抗線 １９ サージアブソーバー ２０ ネジ ２１ 押ネジ ２２ 温度ラベル DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lightning arrester 2 Pull-down wire using steel frame 3,5,6 Grounding pole 4 Rise line 7 Grounding terminal box 8,8 ', 8 "Connection terminal 9,9', 9" Grounding bus 10 Building grounding system automatic change-over device 11 Outlet 12 Electronics Equipment 13 Signal ground 14, 14 'Connection terminal 15, 15' Discharge electrode holding bracket 16, 16 'Discharge electrode 17 Discharge gap 18 Bifilar wound resistance wire 19 Surge absorber 20 Screw 21 Set screw 22 Temperature label
Claims (6)
針用接地、電力保安用接地、弱電、信号用接地等を個別
に独立して施設した場合、避雷針へ落雷し、ビル床面の
局地的電圧が大地に対して上昇しても、各々の接地極間
が等電位となるごとく、各々の接地極間に接続するビル
接地方式自動切替器で、半導体型避雷素子とバイファイ
ラー巻した抵抗線の直列回路にカーボン製の火花ギャッ
プを並列接続して一体とした回路を主要な構成要素とし
たことを特徴とするビル接地方式の自動切替器である。1. In a structure such as a building, when a lightning rod ground, a power security ground, a weak electric power, a signal ground, and the like are separately and independently installed, a lightning strike occurs on the lightning rod and a local voltage on the building floor surface. Even if the voltage rises with respect to the ground, the building grounding type automatic switch connected between the grounding poles will connect the semiconductor type lightning arrester and the bifilar-wound resistance wire so that the grounding poles have the same potential. This is a building grounding type automatic switching device characterized in that a circuit formed by connecting a spark gap made of carbon in parallel to a series circuit is a main component.
は、火花電極の火花放電開始電圧を、半導体型避雷素子
のサージ耐量で除した値と略等しい値で、前記抵抗線の
電流容量は半導体型避雷素子のサージ耐量より大である
ことを特徴とした特許請求の範囲請求項１記載のビル接
地方式自動切替器。2. A resistance value of a resistance wire wound by bifilar is substantially equal to a value obtained by dividing a spark discharge starting voltage of a spark electrode by a surge withstand voltage of a semiconductor lightning arrester, and a current capacity of the resistance wire is a semiconductor. The building grounding type automatic switch according to claim 1, wherein the surge arrester has a surge withstand capability greater than that of the lightning arrester.
絶縁するために、テフロンチューブ等の絶縁性、耐熱性
のチューブに挿入したことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
請求項１記載のビル接地方式自動切替器。3. The building according to claim 1, wherein the resistance wire wound by bifilar is inserted into an insulating and heat-resistant tube such as a Teflon tube to insulate between the wires. Grounding type automatic switch.
ーであることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲請求項１記載
のビル接地方式自動切替器。4. A building grounding type automatic switch according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor lightning arrester is a surge absorber.
きる個所に温度ラベルを貼り、性能劣化が容易にわかる
ようにしたことを特徴とした特許請求の範囲請求項１記
載のビル接地方式自動切替器。5. An automatic building grounding system according to claim 1, wherein a temperature label is attached to the semiconductor lightning arrester at a place where the lightning arrester can be seen from the outside so that the performance deterioration can be easily recognized. Switch.
性のある磁器製容器を使用することを特徴とする特許請
求の範囲請求項１記載のビル接地方式自動切替器。6. A building grounding type automatic switching device according to claim 1, wherein a robust and heat-resistant porcelain container is used as the grounding type automatic switching device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3267673A JP2892870B2 (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1991-10-16 | Building grounding automatic switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3267673A JP2892870B2 (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1991-10-16 | Building grounding automatic switch |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05111152A JPH05111152A (en) | 1993-04-30 |
| JP2892870B2 true JP2892870B2 (en) | 1999-05-17 |
Family
ID=17447938
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3267673A Expired - Fee Related JP2892870B2 (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1991-10-16 | Building grounding automatic switch |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2892870B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4666827B2 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2011-04-06 | 株式会社昭電 | Ground potential difference suppressor |
| JP6265800B2 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2018-01-24 | 株式会社関電工 | Ground wire terminal box |
| JP6519083B2 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2019-05-29 | 株式会社関電工 | Grounding device |
| EP3372156A1 (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-09-12 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Ecg cable for connection with an ecg monitor |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0729712Y2 (en) * | 1989-05-11 | 1995-07-05 | 株式会社サンコーシャ | Surge protector |
-
1991
- 1991-10-16 JP JP3267673A patent/JP2892870B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05111152A (en) | 1993-04-30 |
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