JP2814716B2 - Cell structure of solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell and method of supplying water and gas - Google Patents
Cell structure of solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell and method of supplying water and gasInfo
- Publication number
- JP2814716B2 JP2814716B2 JP2202891A JP20289190A JP2814716B2 JP 2814716 B2 JP2814716 B2 JP 2814716B2 JP 2202891 A JP2202891 A JP 2202891A JP 20289190 A JP20289190 A JP 20289190A JP 2814716 B2 JP2814716 B2 JP 2814716B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- porous substrate
- water
- cathode
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセル構造お
よび水とガスの供給方法に係り、特に単セルアノードへ
の水と反応ガスの供給を効率良く行うセル構造と方法に
関する。The present invention relates to a cell structure of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell and a method for supplying water and gas, and more particularly to a method for supplying water and a reaction gas to a single cell anode. The present invention relates to an efficient cell structure and method.
燃料電池はこれに用いる電解質の種類により、例えば
アルカリ型，固体高分子電解質型，およびリン酸型など
の低温動作形の燃料電池と、溶融炭酸塩型，固体酸化物
電解質型などの高温動作形の燃料電池とに大別される。Depending on the type of electrolyte used for the fuel cell, there are two types of fuel cells: low-temperature type fuel cells such as alkaline type, solid polymer electrolyte type and phosphoric acid type, and high temperature type fuel cells such as molten carbonate type and solid oxide electrolyte type. Fuel cells.
固体高分子電解質型燃料電池は固体高分子電解質膜の
２つの主面にそれぞれアノードまたはカソード，および
電極基材を配して形成される。アノードまたはカソード
の各電極は固体高分子電解質膜と電極基材とによりサン
ドウィッチされる。固体高分子電解質膜はスルホン酸基
を持つポリスチレン系の陽イオン交換膜をカチオン導電
性膜として施用したもの，フロロカーボンスルホン酸と
ポリビニリデンフロライドの混合膜，あるいはフロロカ
ーボンマトリックスにトリフロロエチレンをグラフト化
したものなどが知られているが、最近ではパーフロロカ
ーボンスルホン酸膜（米国、デュポン社製、商品名ナフ
ィオン膜）を用いることにより燃料電池を長寿命化した
ものなどが知られている。固体高分子電解質膜は分子中
にプロトン（水素イオン）交換基を有し、飽和に含水さ
せることにより常温で20Ω・cm以下の比抵抗を示し、プ
ロトン導電性電解質として機能する。飽和含水量は温度
によって可逆的に変化する。電極基材は多孔質体で、燃
料電池の反応ガス供給手段，集電体として機能する。ア
ノードまたはカソードの電極においては３相界面が形成
され電気化学反応がおこる。A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is formed by disposing an anode or a cathode and an electrode substrate on two main surfaces of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, respectively. Each of the anode and cathode electrodes is sandwiched between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the electrode substrate. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane is a polystyrene-based cation exchange membrane with sulfonic acid groups applied as a cation conductive membrane, a mixed membrane of fluorocarbon sulfonic acid and polyvinylidene fluoride, or trifluoroethylene grafted to a fluorocarbon matrix. Although a fuel cell having a longer life is known recently, a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane (manufactured by DuPont, USA, trade name: Nafion membrane) is used. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane has a proton (hydrogen ion) exchange group in the molecule, exhibits a specific resistance of 20 Ω · cm or less at room temperature by being saturated with water, and functions as a proton conductive electrolyte. The saturated water content changes reversibly with temperature. The electrode substrate is a porous body and functions as a reactant gas supply unit and a current collector for the fuel cell. At the anode or cathode electrode, a three-phase interface is formed and an electrochemical reaction occurs.
アノードでは次式の反応がおこる。 The following reaction takes place at the anode.
H2→2H+＋2e ……（１） カソードでは次式の反応がおこる。H 2 → 2H + + 2e (1) At the cathode, the following reaction occurs.
1/2 O2＋2H+＋2e→H2O ……（２） つまり、アノードにおいては、系の外部より供給され
た水素がプロトンと電子を生成する。生成したプロトン
はイオン交換膜中をカソードに向かって移動し、電子は
外部回路を通ってカソードに移動する。一方、カソード
においては、系の外部より供給された酸素と、イオン交
換膜中をアノードより移動してきたプロトンと、外部回
路より移動してきた電子が反応し、水を生成する。1/2 O 2 + 2H + + 2e → H 2 O (2) That is, at the anode, hydrogen supplied from outside the system generates protons and electrons. The generated protons move toward the cathode in the ion exchange membrane, and the electrons move to the cathode through an external circuit. On the other hand, at the cathode, oxygen supplied from the outside of the system, protons moving from the anode through the ion exchange membrane, and electrons moving from the external circuit react to generate water.
このような固体高分子電解質型燃料電池においてはプ
ロトンがアノードよりカソードに向かってイオン交換膜
中を移動する際に水和の状態で移動するためにアノード
近傍では含水量が減少しイオン交換膜が乾いてくるとい
う現象がおこる。そのためにアノード近傍では水を供給
しないとプロトンの移動が困難となりセルの内部抵抗が
増加する。一方カソードにおいては式（２）で示すよう
に水を生成するが、一般的に固体高分子電解質型燃料電
池は100℃以下の温度で運転されるために、カソード側
において生成する水は液体状態であると考えられる。そ
のためにカソードにおいては過剰の水が貯まり、電極基
材の細孔を閉塞して反応ガスの拡散が阻害されるように
なる。従って固体高分子電解質型燃料電池を連続して効
率良く運転するためにはアノードへの水の供給とカソー
ドからの水の排出を適正に行うことが必要になる。In such a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, when protons move from the anode to the cathode in the ion exchange membrane in a hydrated state, the water content decreases near the anode and the ion exchange membrane becomes The phenomenon of drying out occurs. Therefore, unless water is supplied near the anode, the movement of protons becomes difficult, and the internal resistance of the cell increases. On the other hand, water is generated at the cathode as shown in equation (2). However, since a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is generally operated at a temperature of 100 ° C. or less, the water generated at the cathode side is in a liquid state. It is considered to be. For this reason, excess water is accumulated in the cathode, which closes the pores of the electrode base material and inhibits the diffusion of the reaction gas. Therefore, in order to continuously and efficiently operate the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, it is necessary to appropriately supply water to the anode and discharge water from the cathode.
水の供給方法としては、従来セルの運転温度と同一
か、あるいはそれ以上の温度に維持された水の中に燃料
ガスをバブリングさせて加湿し、このガスをセルのアノ
ード側に供給する方法が知られている。また、第２図に
示すように、ウィックを通して親水性基材6Aに水を供給
し、外部からイオン交換膜を濡らす方法も知られてい
る。As a method of supplying water, a method of bubbling a fuel gas in water maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the operating temperature of a conventional cell to humidify the gas and supplying the gas to the anode side of the cell is known. Are known. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a method is also known in which water is supplied to the hydrophilic substrate 6A through a wick to wet the ion exchange membrane from the outside.
しかしながら上述のような従来の水の供給方法におい
ては、親水性多孔質基材6A中において水が溜まり、その
結果反応ガスの拡散阻害を引きおこし、燃料電池の特性
が低下するという問題があった。However, in the conventional water supply method as described above, there is a problem that water accumulates in the hydrophilic porous base material 6A, which causes diffusion inhibition of the reaction gas and lowers the characteristics of the fuel cell. .
この発明は上述の点に鑑みてなされ、その目的は電極
基材6Aに改良を加えることにより、アノードに効率良く
水とガスを供給できる固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセ
ル構造および水とガスの供給方法を提供することにあ
る。The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and its object is to improve the electrode base material 6A so that water and gas can be efficiently supplied to the anode. It is to provide a supply method.
上述の目的はこの発明によれば １）単セルと、親水性多孔質基材６と、疎水性多孔質基
材５とを有し、 単セルはアノード２とフツ素樹脂系陽イオン交換膜１
とカソード３が積層されたものであり、 親水性多孔質基材は厚さ方向に貫通する通気孔を有
し、かつ水が含浸保持されるものであって単セルのアノ
ードに接し、 撥水性多孔質基材は単セルのカソードに接して親水性
多孔質基材とともに単セルを挾持するものであること、 ２）第一工程と第二工程とを有し、 第一工程はアノード２とフツ素樹脂系陽イオン交換膜
１とカソード３が積層されてなる単セルのアノードに対
し、通気孔９を有する親水性多孔質基材６を介して水と
反応ガスを供給するものであり、 第二工程は、単セルのカソードに対し、撥水性多孔質
基材５を介してカソードガスを供給するとともにカソー
ドで生成した水を排出するものであること、または ３）上記１セル構造において、親水性多孔質基材の通気
孔は直径0.5〜3.0mmの貫通孔であること、とすることに
より達成される。The above object is according to the present invention. 1) It has a single cell, a hydrophilic porous substrate 6, and a hydrophobic porous substrate 5, and the single cell is composed of the anode 2 and a fluorine resin-based cation exchange membrane. 1
And the cathode 3 are laminated. The hydrophilic porous base material has a ventilation hole penetrating in the thickness direction and is impregnated with water so as to be in contact with the anode of the single cell, The porous substrate contacts the cathode of the single cell and sandwiches the single cell together with the hydrophilic porous substrate. 2) It has a first step and a second step. Water and a reaction gas are supplied to the anode of a single cell in which the fluorinated resin-based cation exchange membrane 1 and the cathode 3 are laminated through a hydrophilic porous substrate 6 having ventilation holes 9; The second step is to supply a cathode gas to the cathode of the single cell via the water-repellent porous substrate 5 and to discharge water generated at the cathode, or 3) In the one-cell structure, Vent hole of hydrophilic porous substrate is 0.5-3.0mm in diameter It is through-holes, is achieved by a.
親水性多孔質基材のポアの部分には水が含浸保持され
る。通気孔には反応ガスが通流したあとアノードに供給
される。Water is impregnated and held in the pores of the hydrophilic porous substrate. After the reactant gas flows through the vent, it is supplied to the anode.
次にこの発明の実施例を図面に基いて説明する。第１
図はこの発明の実施例に係る固体高分子電解質型燃料電
池を示す要部配置図である。フツ素樹脂系陽イオン交換
膜１とアノード２とカソード３の積層されてなる単セル
のアノード２に通気孔９を有する親水性多孔質基材６が
配される。また単セルのカソード３には撥水性多孔質基
材５が配される。親水性多孔質基材６にはトラツプ14中
の水がウイツク７を介して供給される。供給された水は
親水性多孔質基材６のポアの部分に保持される。また通
気孔９を有する親水性多孔質基材６にはアノードガス入
口12よりアノードガスが供給され、アノードガス出口13
より排出される。撥水性多孔質基材５にはカソードガス
入口10よりカソードガスが供給され、カソードガス出口
11より排出される。通気孔９を通流したアノードガスは
アノードでプロトンH+となり陽イオン交換膜中を拡散し
てカソードに至る。カソードではH+はカソードガスの酸
素と反応し水を生成する。この水はカソードガスにより
系外に排出される。プロトンH+とともに陽イオン交換膜
内を移動する水は親水性多孔質基材に保持された水が補
給する。撥水性多孔質基材５はグラフアイトの多孔質材
料をテフロン（Dupont社の商品名）30J（三井・デコポ
ン・フロロケミカル社製）に浸漬し、24hに乾燥したの
ち、360℃で15min焼成した。親水性多孔質基材６にはグ
ラフアイトの多孔質材料に５〜15mmピッチで直径0.5〜
3.0mmの貫通孔を形成した。ウイツク７は木綿繊維をひ
も状にして用いた。Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First
FIG. 1 is a main part layout diagram showing a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. A hydrophilic porous substrate 6 having ventilation holes 9 is disposed on the anode 2 of a single cell in which the fluorine resin-based cation exchange membrane 1, the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are laminated. Further, a water-repellent porous base material 5 is disposed on the cathode 3 of the single cell. Water in the trap 14 is supplied to the hydrophilic porous substrate 6 through the wick 7. The supplied water is held in the pores of the hydrophilic porous substrate 6. An anode gas is supplied to the hydrophilic porous substrate 6 having the ventilation holes 9 from the anode gas inlet 12 and the anode gas outlet 13
Is more exhausted. Cathode gas is supplied to the water-repellent porous substrate 5 from the cathode gas inlet 10 and the cathode gas outlet
Emitted from 11. The anode gas flowing through the ventilation hole 9 becomes proton H + at the anode and diffuses through the cation exchange membrane to reach the cathode. At the cathode, H + reacts with oxygen in the cathode gas to produce water. This water is discharged out of the system by the cathode gas. The water moving in the cation exchange membrane together with the protons H + is supplemented by the water held by the hydrophilic porous substrate. The water-repellent porous substrate 5 was prepared by immersing a porous material of graphite in Teflon (trade name of Dupont) 30J (manufactured by Mitsui Decopon Fluorochemicals Co.), dried for 24 hours, and baked at 360 ° C. for 15 minutes. . The hydrophilic porous substrate 6 has a diameter of 0.5 to 15 mm at a pitch of 5 to 15 mm.
A 3.0 mm through hole was formed. Wick 7 was made from a cotton fiber string.
この発明によれば １）単セルと、親水性多孔質基材と、疎水性多孔質基材
とを有し、 単セルはアノードとフツ素樹脂系陽イオン交換膜とカ
ソードが積層されたものであり、 親水性多孔質基材は厚さ方向に貫通する通気孔を有
し、かつ水が含浸保持されるものであって単セルのアノ
ードに接し、 撥水性多孔質基材は単セルのカソードに接して親水性
多孔質基材とともに単セルを挾持するものであること、 ２）第一工程と第二工程とを有し、 第一工程はアノードとフッ素樹脂系陽イオン交換膜と
カソードが積層されてなる単セルのアノードに対し、通
気孔を有する親水性多孔質基材を介して水と反応ガスを
供給するものであり、 第二工程は、単セルのカソードに対し、撥水性多孔質
基材を介してカソードガスを供給するとともにカソード
で生成した水を排出するものであること、または ３）上記１のセル構造において、親水性多孔質基材の通
気孔は直径0.5〜3.0mmの貫通孔であること、とするの
で、親水性多孔質基材のポアの部分には水が保持され、
通気孔には反応ガスが通流するので、アノードには水と
反応ガスがそれぞれ効率良く供給され、その結果、分極
特性に優れる固体高分子電解質型燃料電池が得られる。According to the present invention, 1) a single cell, a hydrophilic porous substrate, and a hydrophobic porous substrate, each of which has an anode, a fluorine resin-based cation exchange membrane, and a cathode laminated The hydrophilic porous substrate has an air hole penetrating in the thickness direction, and is impregnated with water and is in contact with the anode of the single cell, and the water-repellent porous substrate is a single cell A single cell is sandwiched together with the hydrophilic porous substrate in contact with the cathode; 2) a first step and a second step, wherein the first step is an anode, a fluororesin-based cation exchange membrane, and a cathode Is to supply water and a reaction gas to the anode of a single cell formed by laminating through a hydrophilic porous substrate having a vent, and the second step is to repel water to a cathode of the single cell. Supply cathode gas through a porous substrate and generate at the cathode 3) In the cell structure of 1 above, the vent hole of the hydrophilic porous substrate is a through hole having a diameter of 0.5 to 3.0 mm. Water is retained in the pores of the porous substrate,
Since the reaction gas flows through the vent, water and the reaction gas are efficiently supplied to the anode, respectively, and as a result, a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell having excellent polarization characteristics is obtained.
第１図はこの発明の実施例に係る固体高分子電解質型燃
料電池の要部配置図、第２図は従来の固体高分子電解質
型燃料電池の要部配置図である。 1:フツ素樹脂系陽イオン交換膜、2:アノード、3:カソー
ド、5:撥水性多孔質基材、6:親水性多孔質基材、9:通気
孔。FIG. 1 is a layout view of a main part of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a layout view of a main part of a conventional solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell. 1: fluorinated resin-based cation exchange membrane, 2: anode, 3: cathode, 5: water-repellent porous substrate, 6: hydrophilic porous substrate, 9: vent.
Claims (3)
孔質基材とを有し、 単セルはアノードとフツ素樹脂系陽イオン交換膜とカソ
ードが積層されたものであり、 親水性多孔質基材は厚さ方向に貫通する通気孔を有し、
かつ水が含浸保持されるものであって単セルのアノード
に接し、 撥水性多孔質基材は単セルのカソードに接して親水性多
孔質基材とともに単セルを挾持するものであることを特
徴とする固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセル構造。1. A unit cell comprising a single cell, a hydrophilic porous substrate, and a hydrophobic porous substrate, wherein the single cell has an anode, a fluorine resin-based cation exchange membrane, and a cathode laminated. The hydrophilic porous substrate has a ventilation hole penetrating in the thickness direction,
In addition, it is impregnated with water and is in contact with the anode of the single cell, and the water-repellent porous substrate is in contact with the cathode of the single cell and sandwiches the single cell with the hydrophilic porous substrate. Cell structure of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
ソードが積層されてなる単セルのアノードに対し、通気
孔を有する親水性多孔質基材を介して水と反応ガスを供
給するものであり、 第二工程は、単セルのカソードに対し、撥水性多孔質基
材を介してカソードガスを供給するとともにカソードで
生成した水を排出するものであることを特徴とする固体
高分子電解質型燃料電池の水とガスの供給方法。2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising a first step and a second step, wherein the first step comprises a step of forming a hydrophilic cell having a vent hole with respect to a single-cell anode comprising an anode, a fluorine resin-based cation exchange membrane and a cathode laminated. The second step is to supply the cathode gas via the water-repellent porous substrate to the cathode of the single cell and to generate the reaction gas with the reaction gas through the porous porous substrate. A method for supplying water and gas for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, characterized by discharging water.
多孔質基材の通気孔は直径0.5〜3.0mmの貫通孔であるこ
とを特徴とする固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセル構
造。3. The cell structure of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the air holes of the hydrophilic porous substrate are through holes having a diameter of 0.5 to 3.0 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2202891A JP2814716B2 (en) | 1990-07-31 | 1990-07-31 | Cell structure of solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell and method of supplying water and gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2202891A JP2814716B2 (en) | 1990-07-31 | 1990-07-31 | Cell structure of solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell and method of supplying water and gas |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0495356A JPH0495356A (en) | 1992-03-27 |
| JP2814716B2 true JP2814716B2 (en) | 1998-10-27 |
Family
ID=16464915
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2202891A Expired - Fee Related JP2814716B2 (en) | 1990-07-31 | 1990-07-31 | Cell structure of solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell and method of supplying water and gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2814716B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE59306256D1 (en) * | 1992-11-05 | 1997-05-28 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for water and / or inert gas disposal of a fuel cell block |
| JP3573771B2 (en) * | 1993-11-09 | 2004-10-06 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Fuel cell |
| DE19819324A1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 1999-11-04 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Method for wetting at least one of the surfaces of an electrolyte in a fuel cell |
| US6555262B1 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2003-04-29 | Hybrid Power Generation Systems, Llc | Wicking strands for a polymer electrolyte membrane |
| JP5223203B2 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2013-06-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell |
| JP5476694B2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2014-04-23 | 日産自動車株式会社 | FUEL CELL, GAS DIFFUSION LAYER FOR FUEL CELL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
-
1990
- 1990-07-31 JP JP2202891A patent/JP2814716B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0495356A (en) | 1992-03-27 |
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