JP2814399B2 - Adsorber for whole blood processing - Google Patents

Adsorber for whole blood processing

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Publication number
JP2814399B2
JP2814399B2 JP1075205A JP7520589A JP2814399B2 JP 2814399 B2 JP2814399 B2 JP 2814399B2 JP 1075205 A JP1075205 A JP 1075205A JP 7520589 A JP7520589 A JP 7520589A JP 2814399 B2 JP2814399 B2 JP 2814399B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
adsorber
hollow fiber
blood
whole blood
porous body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP1075205A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0229260A (en
Inventor
徹 黒田
徳生 稲摩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Asahi Kasei Medical Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Asahi Medical Co Ltd
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明は、体液中に存在する悪性物質を吸着する為の
吸着材、吸着器および吸着装置に関するものであり、特
に適当な抗凝固剤により抗凝固した全血を直接流しても
目詰まりし難い中空糸状の吸着材、吸着器および吸着装
置に関するものである。
Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an adsorbent, an adsorber, and an adsorber for adsorbing a malignant substance present in a body fluid, and particularly relates to an adsorbent and a suitable anticoagulant. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a hollow fiber-shaped adsorbent, an adsorber, and an adsorber that are hardly clogged even when anticoagulated whole blood is directly flowed.

近年、医学、特に内科学、血液学、免疫学、臨床検査
法等の進歩により、疾患の原因あるいは進行と密接な関
係を持っていると考えられる血液中の悪性物質が明らか
になりつつある。例えば、慢性関節リウマチ、全身性エ
リテマトーデス、重症筋無力症等の自己免疫疾患に対す
る自己抗体、免疫複合体、家族性高脂血症に対する低比
重リポ蛋白質、超低比重リポ蛋白質、肝疾患で増加する
中・低分子量物質等である。
In recent years, advances in medicine, especially internal medicine, hematology, immunology, and clinical test methods, have revealed the malignant substances in blood that are considered to be closely related to the cause or progression of disease. For example, it is increased in autoantibodies against autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, immune complexes, low-density lipoprotein for familial hyperlipidemia, ultra-low-density lipoprotein, and liver disease. Medium and low molecular weight substances.

そこで、血液、血漿等の体液から上記悪性物質を選択
的に吸着除去する事によって、上記のごとき疾患の症状
を軽減せしめ、更には治癒を早める事が期待されてい
る。
Therefore, by selectively adsorbing and removing the above-mentioned malignant substance from body fluids such as blood and plasma, it is expected that the above-mentioned symptoms of the disease will be reduced and the healing will be further accelerated.

(従来の技術) 体液中の悪性物質を除去する目的で従来知られている
技術としては、(1)活性炭あるいは親水性高分子材料
で表面を被覆した活性炭により全血から悪性物質を除去
しようとするもの、(2)全血を血球部分と血漿部分に
分離し、血漿中に含まれる悪性物質を吸着材により吸着
除去しようとするもの、(3)、(2)と同様にして分
離した血漿を濾過器に通して、高分子量の悪性物質を除
去しようとするもの等が挙げられる。
(Prior Art) Conventionally known techniques for removing a malignant substance from a body fluid include (1) an attempt to remove a malignant substance from whole blood using activated carbon or activated carbon whose surface is coated with a hydrophilic polymer material. (2) Whole blood is separated into a blood cell portion and a plasma portion, and malignant substances contained in the plasma are to be adsorbed and removed by an adsorbent. Plasma separated in the same manner as (3) and (2) Through a filter to remove high molecular weight malignant substances.

しかしながら、(2)、(3)の方法は、あくまでも
全血と血漿を分離してから吸着または濾過の操作を行な
うものである為、体液を流す為の回路が複雑であり、操
作も煩雑であるのみならず、ブライミングボリューム
(血球・血漿分離装置、吸着器または濾過器、血液回
路、血漿回路等の容積)が大きくなる為、患者の体外に
取り出す体液の量が多く、患者にとって負担が大きかっ
た。(1)の方法は、全血を処理できる為、回路は単純
であり、操作も簡単であるが、活性炭は吸着選択性が悪
く、また、細孔が小さいので大分子量の悪性物質はほと
んど吸着できない。数多くの種類の疾患において、疾患
の進行あるいは原因と密接な関係にある悪性物質が知ら
れる様になり、更には該悪性物質を体液中より選択的に
除去する要請が高まっているが、活性炭をベースとする
吸着材は、この要求を満たす事ができない。これらの問
題点を解決する目的で、中空繊維の内表面や外表面に、
抗体、抗原、酵素等を固定して対応する抗原、抗体等の
悪性物質を吸着除去する事も試みられているが、中空糸
の細孔部分をも含めた多孔体全表面を利用したものはな
く、吸着能力が低いため、未だ実用化されたものは無
い。更に、こられの試みでは、抗体、抗体、酵素、蛋白
質等不安定な生体物質をリガンドとして使用している
為、滅菌するとリガンドの活性が大幅に低下してしまっ
たり、分解して抗原性を発現したり、血液と接触した場
合の安全性等に問題が有った。
However, in the methods (2) and (3), since the operation of adsorption or filtration is performed after separating the whole blood and plasma, the circuit for flowing the body fluid is complicated, and the operation is complicated. Not only that, but also the priming volume (volume of blood cell / plasma separator, adsorber or filter, blood circuit, plasma circuit, etc.) becomes large, so the amount of body fluid taken out of the patient's body is large, and the burden on the patient is high. It was big. The method (1) can process whole blood, so the circuit is simple and the operation is simple. However, activated carbon has poor adsorption selectivity, and because of its small pores, almost all high molecular weight malignant substances are adsorbed. Can not. In many types of diseases, a malignant substance closely related to the progress or cause of the disease has become known, and there is a growing demand for selectively removing the malignant substance from body fluids. The base adsorbent cannot meet this requirement. For the purpose of solving these problems, on the inner surface and outer surface of the hollow fiber,
Attempts have been made to immobilize antibodies, antigens, enzymes, etc. to adsorb and remove the corresponding antigens, malignant substances such as antibodies, etc.However, those using the entire surface of the porous body including the pores of the hollow fiber are not And no adsorption capacity, so none of them has been put to practical use yet. Furthermore, in these attempts, since unstable biological substances such as antibodies, antibodies, enzymes, and proteins are used as ligands, the activity of the ligands is significantly reduced when sterilized, or the antigenicity is degraded by decomposing. There was a problem with the expression and safety in the case of contact with blood.

(発明が解決しようとする課題) 本発明の目的は上記した問題点に鑑み、体液から上記
悪性物質を高い効率、かつ高い選択性で除去でき、更に
は全血を直接処理できる、吸着器および吸着装置を提供
する事にあり、滅菌による失活が少なく、生体にとって
安全な、プライミングボリュームが少なく、回路の単純
な、操作が簡便は吸着器および吸着装置を提供する事に
ある。
(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an adsorber that can remove the above-mentioned malignant substance from a body fluid with high efficiency and high selectivity, and can directly treat whole blood. An object of the present invention is to provide an adsorber, which has less deactivation due to sterilization, is safe for a living body, has a small priming volume, has a simple circuit, and is easy to operate.

(課題を解決する為の手段) 本発明者らは、上記目的に沿って鋭意検討した結果、
中空糸状全多孔体の中空部を血液流路として確保する事
により、全血を直接処理しても粒子状吸着器で起りがち
な血小板の粘着・凝集や血液凝固が起りにくく、全血が
スムースに流れ、さらに中空糸状全多孔体の全表面に被
吸着物質と相互作用を成すリガンドを実質上均一に多量
に固定する事により、悪性物質の吸着効率が驚く程高
く、また吸着選択性も良好な、全血直接処理用吸着器お
よび吸着装置の発明に至った。さらに全血を直接処理で
きる構成にする事により、従来の吸着器および装置とは
比較にならない程、血液回路を単純化でき、操作も簡便
にする事ができ、かつ、体外に取出す血液量(プライミ
ングボリューム)を少なくする事を見出し、本発明に至
った。
(Means for Solving the Problems) The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in accordance with the above objects, and
By securing the hollow portion of the hollow fiber-like porous body as a blood flow path, platelet adhesion and aggregation and blood coagulation, which tend to occur in the particulate adsorber, are unlikely to occur even when whole blood is directly processed, and the whole blood is smooth. The adsorption efficiency of the malignant substance is surprisingly high and the adsorption selectivity is good by immobilizing the ligand that interacts with the substance to be adsorbed on the entire surface of the hollow fiber-like all-porous material substantially uniformly and in large quantities. The invention of an adsorber and an adsorption device for direct treatment of whole blood has been completed. Further, by adopting a configuration that can directly process whole blood, the blood circuit can be simplified, the operation can be simplified, and the amount of blood to be taken out of the body (compared to conventional adsorbers and devices). (Priming volume) was found to be reduced, leading to the present invention.

すなわち本発明は、中空糸状全多孔体がほぼ平行に多
数本集束され、その両末端が中空部を開口した状態で接
着固定され、更に該両末端にそれぞれに液密に固定され
た血液の出入り口を備え、且つ外筒容器に少なくとも1
つの血漿取出し用の開口部を備えた全血処理用吸着器で
あって、該中空糸状全多孔体の平均孔径が0.01μm以上
2μm以下、平均内径が150μm以上400μm以下、平均
有効長(L)と平均内径(D)の間にL/D2≧2000mm-1
関係式が成立し、該全多孔体全表面に被吸着物質と相互
作用を成す抗原性の低いリガンドが実質上均一に固定さ
れている全血処理用吸着器であり、リガンドを共有結合
により中空糸状全多孔体に固定する事により、より安全
性の高い全血処理用吸着器とする事ができる。また、リ
ガンドとして疎水性化合物を使用する場合には、自己抗
体、免疫複合体等を選択的に吸着する事ができ、リガン
ドとしてポリアニオンを使用する場合には、低密度リポ
蛋白質、超低比重リポ蛋白質、アナフィラトキシン等を
選択的に吸着する事ができる。
That is, the present invention relates to a blood-porous body in which a large number of hollow fiber-like totally porous bodies are bundled substantially in parallel, and both ends thereof are adhesively fixed in a state where a hollow portion is opened, and further, liquid-tightly fixed to both ends. And at least one
An adsorber for treating whole blood provided with two openings for removing plasma, wherein the hollow fiber-shaped whole porous body has an average pore diameter of 0.01 μm or more and 2 μm or less, an average inner diameter of 150 μm or more and 400 μm or less, and an average effective length (L). L / D 2 ≧ 2000 mm −1 is established between the average pore diameter and the average inner diameter (D), and the low antigenic ligand that interacts with the substance to be adsorbed is fixed substantially uniformly on the entire surface of the porous body. The whole blood processing adsorber is used, and the ligand is fixed to the hollow fiber-shaped whole porous body by covalent bonding, whereby a more safe whole blood processing adsorber can be obtained. When a hydrophobic compound is used as a ligand, autoantibodies and immune complexes can be selectively adsorbed. When a polyanion is used as a ligand, low-density lipoprotein and ultra-low-density lipoprotein can be used. It can selectively adsorb proteins, anaphylatoxins and the like.

本発明で言う中空糸状全多孔体とは、外観が中空糸状
であって、中空糸の構造体部分(以下細孔部と呼ぶ)の
微細構造が膜の内表面から外表面に連通する多孔構造を
実質上全体に持つものを言う。中空糸状全多孔体の全表
面とは、中空糸状全多孔体の内表面、外表面および細孔
内表面を含んだ、全表面の事を言う。
The hollow fiber-like totally porous body referred to in the present invention is a porous structure in which the appearance is a hollow fiber shape, and the fine structure of the structural part of the hollow fiber (hereinafter referred to as pore part) communicates from the inner surface to the outer surface of the membrane. Is said to have substantially the whole. The entire surface of the hollow fiber-like totally porous body refers to the entire surface including the inner surface, the outer surface, and the inner surface of the pores of the hollow fiber-like totally porous body.

膜の孔径は、被吸着物質の大きさや形状によって自由
に選べるが、被吸着物質が自由に通過できる孔径であ
り、かつ、被吸着物質が接触できる表面が充分にあるこ
とが望ましい。平均孔径を水銀ポロシメータにより求め
た孔径−空孔容積積分曲線上で、全空孔容積の1/2の空
孔容積を示す孔径として定義した時、本発明では使用す
る中空糸状全多孔体の平均孔径を、特に血漿蛋白質の通
過率を高めるため0.01から2μmの範囲とした。0.02か
ら1μmの範囲がより望ましい。また膜の多孔構造の細
孔表面積をBET式表面積測定装置を用い窒素吸着量から
求めた値と定義する時、本発明に使用される中空糸状全
多孔体の細孔表面積を5m2/g以上にする事により異性物
質の吸着効率が高くなり好ましく、10m2/g以上である事
が更に好ましく、15m2/g以上である事が望ましい。
The pore size of the membrane can be freely selected depending on the size and shape of the substance to be adsorbed, but it is preferable that the pore diameter is such that the substance to be adsorbed can freely pass therethrough and that the surface to which the substance to be adsorbed can come into contact is sufficient. When the average pore diameter is defined as a pore diameter showing a pore volume of 1/2 of the total pore volume on a pore diameter-pore volume integral curve obtained by a mercury porosimeter, in the present invention, the average of the hollow fiber-like total porous body used is The pore size was in the range of 0.01 to 2 μm, especially to increase the passage of plasma proteins. A range from 0.02 to 1 μm is more desirable. When the pore surface area of the porous structure of the membrane is defined as a value obtained from the nitrogen adsorption amount using a BET type surface area measuring device, the pore surface area of the hollow fiber-like totally porous body used in the present invention is 5 m 2 / g or more. By doing so, the adsorption efficiency of the isomers is increased, which is preferred, more preferably 10 m 2 / g or more, and more preferably 15 m 2 / g or more.

さらに、吸着器に組込まれる中空糸状全多孔体の平均
有効長(L)と平均内径(D)との間にL/D2≧2000mm-1
の関係式を成立させる構成とする事により、非常に有効
に血漿成分を中空糸状全多孔体と外筒容器内の空隙に流
出させる事ができるため好ましい。
Furthermore, L / D 2 ≧ 2000 mm −1 between the average effective length (L) and the average inner diameter (D) of the hollow fiber-shaped totally porous body incorporated in the adsorber.
Is preferable because the plasma component can be very effectively discharged into the hollow fiber-like totally porous body and the space in the outer cylindrical container.

中空糸全多孔体の平均有効長とは、外筒容器に両末端
を接着固定する接着部位間の中空糸多孔体の長さであ
り、中空糸状全多孔体において接着剤等により被覆され
ていない部分の平均的長さを言う。
The average effective length of the hollow fiber porous body is the length of the hollow fiber porous body between the bonding sites where both ends are bonded and fixed to the outer cylindrical container, and the hollow fiber shaped porous body is not covered with an adhesive or the like. Say the average length of the part.

L/D2≧2000mm-1にすることにより、多量の血漿が中空
糸状全多孔体の細孔内も含むリガンドの固定された表面
に接する事ができ、血漿成分から悪性物質の吸着効率を
大幅に向上させる事ができる。またこの様に血漿成分を
有効に中空糸状全多孔体外に流出させる能力を備える事
により、吸着器内の中空糸状全多孔体中空部の血液流路
の上流から中流側での血漿成分の全血に対する比率(ヘ
マトクリット)が徐々に高くなり、血液の粘性抵抗が増
加し、この抵抗が適度の濾過圧を与え、さらに血漿成分
を有効に中空糸状全多孔体外に取出す原動力として働
き、血漿成分のリガンドへの接触量が増加し、吸着効率
を高める。さらに、吸着器内の中空糸状全多孔体中空部
の血液流路の下流では、該上流から中流で中空糸状全多
孔体外側と外筒容器内側の空隙に搬出された血漿成分が
上・中流の中空糸状全多孔体の中空部の血流粘性抵抗に
より生じた血漿圧により、中空糸状全多孔体中空部に流
入し、高められたヘマトクリットの血液と混合され、吸
着器の血液出口に搬出される。この時、つまり、中空糸
状全多孔体外に流出する時、相当量の悪性物質が吸着除
去された血漿は、中空糸全多孔体中空部に流入する時、
再びリガンドと接触し、悪性物質を完全に除去する事が
出来る。
By setting L / D 2 ≧ 2000 mm −1 , a large amount of plasma can come into contact with the ligand-immobilized surface including the inside of the pores of the hollow fiber-like totally porous material, greatly increasing the efficiency of adsorption of malignant substances from plasma components. Can be improved. In addition, by providing the ability to effectively cause the plasma component to flow out of the hollow fiber-like porous body, the whole blood component of the plasma component from the upstream to the middle flow side of the blood flow path of the hollow fiber-like porous body in the adsorber is provided. The ratio (hematocrit) to blood gradually increases, the viscous resistance of the blood increases, and this resistance gives an appropriate filtration pressure, and further acts as a driving force for effectively extracting the plasma component out of the hollow fiber-like porous body, and the ligand of the plasma component The amount of contact with increases the adsorption efficiency. Further, downstream of the blood flow channel in the hollow fiber-like totally porous body hollow portion in the adsorber, the plasma component carried out from the upstream to the inside of the hollow fiber-like totally porous body outside and the space inside the outer cylinder container in the middle flow is the upper and middle flow. Due to the plasma pressure generated by the blood flow viscous resistance of the hollow portion of the hollow fiber-like porous body, the blood flows into the hollow fiber-like whole porous body, is mixed with the increased hematocrit blood, and is carried out to the blood outlet of the adsorber. . At this time, that is, when flowing out of the hollow fiber-shaped porous body, the plasma from which a considerable amount of malignant substances has been adsorbed and removed flows into the hollow fiber porous body hollow part,
Contact with the ligand again can completely remove the malignant substance.

さらに外筒容器に少なくとも1つの開口部を備える事
により、悪性物質が吸着除去された血漿を吸着器外に一
旦取出し、吸着器より下流の血液流路にもどすこともで
きる。
Further, by providing at least one opening in the outer cylindrical container, the plasma from which the malignant substance has been adsorbed and removed can be once taken out of the adsorber and returned to the blood flow path downstream of the adsorber.

中空糸状全多孔体の内径は、プライミングボリューム
の減少、血漿分離効率の向上から、小内径が好ましく、
全血の通過できる大きさが有れば良いが、本発明では特
に好ましい150μmから400μmに限定した。中空糸状全
多孔体の厚みは、血漿分離効率を実用上損なわない範囲
で大きい方が細孔内表面積を大きくでき好ましく、10μ
m以上が好ましく、50μmから500μmが更に好まし
く、50μmから200μmが望ましい。
The inner diameter of the hollow fiber-like totally porous body is preferably a small inner diameter from the viewpoint of decreasing priming volume and improving plasma separation efficiency,
Any size that allows whole blood to pass through may be used, but in the present invention, the size is particularly preferably limited to 150 μm to 400 μm. The thickness of the hollow fiber-like totally porous body is preferably as large as possible within a range that does not impair the plasma separation efficiency practically because the surface area inside the pores can be increased, and 10 μm
m or more, preferably from 50 μm to 500 μm, more preferably from 50 μm to 200 μm.

中空糸状全多孔体の素材としては、セルロース、セル
ロース誘導体、ポリビニルアルコール、エチレン−ビニ
ルアルコール共重合体等の親水性材料、ポリエチレン、
ポリプロピレン、ポリスルホン、ポリテトラフルオロエ
チレン等の疎水性材料のいずれでも使用できるが、疎水
性材料の場合は水系液体の濾過が困難である為、親水性
材料のコーティング、化学処理による表面親水化、プラ
ズマ処理による表面親水化等の方法により親水化処理す
る事が好ましい。また、被吸着物質と相互作用を成すリ
ガンドを固定する為には、中空糸状全多孔体表面にリガ
ンドを固定し易い水酸基、アミノ基、カルボキシル基、
チオール基等の官能基を有している事が好ましいが、プ
ラズマ処理、リガンドの包埋コーティング等の方法でリ
ガンドを固定できるので無くても良い。
As the material of the hollow fiber-like totally porous body, cellulose, a cellulose derivative, polyvinyl alcohol, a hydrophilic material such as an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyethylene,
Any of hydrophobic materials such as polypropylene, polysulfone, and polytetrafluoroethylene can be used.However, in the case of hydrophobic materials, it is difficult to filter aqueous liquids, so coating of hydrophilic materials, surface hydrophilicity by chemical treatment, plasma It is preferable to perform a hydrophilic treatment by a method such as surface hydrophilicity by the treatment. In addition, in order to fix a ligand that interacts with the substance to be adsorbed, a hydroxyl group, amino group, carboxyl group,
It is preferable to have a functional group such as a thiol group, but it is not necessary because the ligand can be fixed by a method such as plasma treatment or embedding coating of the ligand.

中空糸状全多孔体の製造方法としては、湿式紡糸法、
乾式紡糸法、溶融紡糸法等通常公知の方法で製造でき限
定されるものではないが、小内径中空糸の内表面細孔径
制御のし易さ、細孔内表面積増大時の中空糸状多孔体の
機械的強度、等より結晶性高分子の溶融紡糸による中空
糸賦形後の延伸開孔法が好ましく、さらにポリオレフィ
ンの延伸開孔法がリガンド固定化反応時の耐薬品性から
好ましい。
As a method for producing a hollow fiber-like totally porous body, a wet spinning method,
The dry spinning method and the melt spinning method can be produced by a commonly known method such as, but not limited to, the ease of controlling the inner surface pore diameter of the small-diameter hollow fiber, the hollow fiber-like porous body when the pore inner surface area increases. From the viewpoint of mechanical strength, etc., a stretch opening method after hollow fiber shaping by melt spinning of a crystalline polymer is preferable, and a stretch opening method of polyolefin is more preferable from the viewpoint of chemical resistance during ligand immobilization reaction.

リガンドを中空糸状全多孔体表面に固定する方法は、
共有結合、イオン結合、物理吸着、包埋、膜表面への沈
殿不溶化等あらゆる公知の方法を用いる事ができるが、
リガンドの溶出性よりみて、共有結合により、固定、不
溶化するのが好ましい。例えば、通常、固定化酵素、ア
フィニティークロマトグラフィーで用いられる公知の担
体活性化法、固定法を用いる事ができる。活性化法を例
示すると、ハロゲン化シアン法、過ヨウ素酸法、架橋試
薬法、エポキシド法等が挙げられる。活性化法は、中空
糸状全多孔体表面を修飾し、反応性に富んだ状態にし
て、リガンドのアミノ基、水酸基、カルボキシル基、チ
オール基等の活性水素を有する求核反応基と置換および
/または付加反応できれば良く、上記の例示に限定され
るものでは無い。
A method for immobilizing a ligand on the surface of a hollow fiber-like totally porous material is as follows.
Any known method such as covalent bond, ionic bond, physical adsorption, embedding, precipitation insolubilization on the membrane surface can be used,
In view of the elution property of the ligand, it is preferable that the ligand is immobilized and insolubilized by covalent bonding. For example, an immobilized enzyme, a known carrier activation method and an immobilization method generally used in affinity chromatography can be used. Examples of the activation method include a cyanogen halide method, a periodic acid method, a crosslinking reagent method, and an epoxide method. In the activation method, the surface of the hollow fiber-shaped totally porous material is modified to be in a state of high reactivity, and is substituted with a nucleophilic reactive group having an active hydrogen such as an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, or a thiol group of a ligand and / or Alternatively, the addition reaction may be performed, and the addition reaction is not limited to the above example.

本発明で言うリガンドとは、被吸着物質すなわち、血
液中に含まれる物質で吸着材により吸着したい物質と選
択的に相互作用を成し、中空糸状全多孔体表面に被吸着
物質を引き寄せ、吸着できる様にする物質であり、アミ
ノ酸、ペプチド、蛋白質、抗原、抗体、補体、血液凝固
系蛋白質、酵素、単糖、オリゴ糖、多糖、糖蛋白質、脂
質、核酸、非蛋白有機化合物、無機物等を例示できる
が、たとえ血液中に溶出したとしても抗原性、毒性の弱
い物質である事が好ましく、また、血球と接触した際、
赤血球を溶血したり、白血球を感作したり、血小板と反
応して粘着および/または凝集させたりしないものが好
ましい。これらの事を考慮すると、リガンドとして好ま
しいのは、分子量104以下のアミノ酸、ペプチド、蛋白
質、糖蛋白質、更に好ましくは、分子量103以下のアミ
ノ酸、ペプチド;単糖、オリゴ糖、多糖;脂質、核酸、
非蛋白有機化合物、無機物等である。更に具体的なリカ
ンドを例示する。
The ligand referred to in the present invention is a substance to be adsorbed, that is, a substance contained in blood, which selectively interacts with a substance to be adsorbed by the adsorbent, attracts the substance to be adsorbed to the surface of the hollow fiber-like porous body, and adsorbs the substance. It is a substance that makes it possible, such as amino acids, peptides, proteins, antigens, antibodies, complements, blood coagulation proteins, enzymes, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, lipids, nucleic acids, non-protein organic compounds, inorganic substances, etc. Although it can be exemplified, even if eluted in blood, antigenicity, it is preferable that the substance is weakly toxic, and when contacted with blood cells,
Those that do not lyse red blood cells, sensitize white blood cells, or react with platelets to adhere and / or agglutinate are preferred. Considering these things, preferred as ligands, molecular weight 104 or less amino acids, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, more preferably, the molecular weight 10 3 or less amino acids, peptides; monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides; lipids, Nucleic acids,
Non-protein organic compounds, inorganic substances and the like. More specific liquids are exemplified.

全身性エリテマトーデス治療用としては、抗核抗体、
抗DNA抗体の吸着除去用に、アデニン、グアニン、シト
シン、ウラシル、チミン等のモノ、ジ、トリヌクレチオ
ドのホモポリマーまたはコポリマー、天然に存在するDN
A、RNA等の核酸を用いることができる。また、血中に存
在するDNA、RNA、ENAの吸着除去用にアクチノマイシン
Dの様な塩基性化合物を用いる事ができる。慢性関節リ
ウマチ、悪性腫瘍、全身性エリテマトーデス等免疫複合
体病と呼ばれる疾患群の治療用としては、免疫複合体の
吸着除去用に疎水性化合物を用いる事が出来る。重症筋
無力症、多発性硬化症、慢性関節リウマチ等自己免疫疾
患と呼ばれる疾患群の治療用としては、自己抗体の吸着
除去用に疎水性化合物を用いる事ができる。高脂血症治
療用としては、低比重リポ蛋白質、超低比重リポ蛋白質
の吸着除去用にヘパリン、デキストラン硫酸等の酸性多
糖類やポリビニル硫酸、ポリアクリル酸等の合成ポリア
ニオンに代表されるポリアニオンを用いることができ
る。
For the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, antinuclear antibodies,
For the adsorption removal of anti-DNA antibodies, homopolymers or copolymers of mono-, di-, trinucleotides such as adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, thymine, naturally occurring DN
A, nucleic acids such as RNA can be used. In addition, a basic compound such as actinomycin D can be used to adsorb and remove DNA, RNA, and ENA present in blood. For the treatment of a group of diseases called immune complex diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors, and systemic lupus erythematosus, a hydrophobic compound can be used to remove immune complexes by adsorption. For the treatment of a group of diseases called autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, a hydrophobic compound can be used for adsorption removal of autoantibodies. For the treatment of hyperlipidemia, low-density lipoproteins, acid polysaccharides such as heparin, dextran sulfate, and polyanions represented by synthetic polyanions such as polyvinyl sulfate and polyacrylic acid for adsorption and removal of very low density lipoproteins are used. Can be used.

本発明に用いる事ができるリガンドは、以上の例示に
限定されるものでは無く、また、2種類以上のリガンド
を固定しても良いし、また、リガンドを固定した中空糸
状全多孔体を2種類以上用いても良い。
The ligands that can be used in the present invention are not limited to the above examples. Two or more kinds of ligands may be immobilized. The above may be used.

上記したリガンドのうち、疎水性化合物とポリアニオ
ンについて更に詳しく述べる。
Of the above-mentioned ligands, the hydrophobic compound and the polyanion will be described in more detail.

本発明で言う疎水性化合物とは、対生理食塩水溶解度
100ミリモル/dl以下(25℃)、より好ましくは30ミリモ
ル/dl以下の化合物をいう。対生理食塩水溶解度が100ミ
リモル/dlより大きい化合物は、親水性が高くなりす
ぎ、自己抗体、免疫複合体に対する親和性が低下する結
果、吸着能が極端に低下する。また、より親水的なアル
ブミンに対する親和力が生じて、アルブミンをも非特異
的に吸着するようになり好ましくない。
The hydrophobic compound referred to in the present invention refers to solubility in saline.
A compound having a concentration of 100 mmol / dl or less (25 ° C.), more preferably 30 mmol / dl or less. Compounds having a solubility in saline greater than 100 mmol / dl have too high a hydrophilic property, resulting in a decrease in affinity for autoantibodies and immune complexes, resulting in an extremely low adsorption capacity. In addition, a more hydrophilic affinity for albumin occurs, which causes non-specific adsorption of albumin, which is not preferable.

疎水性化合物の中では、少なくとも1つの芳香族環を
有する化合物が、特に好ましい結果を与える。芳香族環
とは、芳香族性を持った環状化合物を意味し、いずれも
有用に用い得るが、ベンゼン、ナフタレン、フエナント
レン等のベンゼン系芳香族環、ピリジン、キノリン、ア
クリジン、イソキノリン、フエナントリジン等の含窒素
6員環、インドール、カルバゾール、イソインドール、
インドリジン、ポルフイリン、2、3、2′、3′−ピ
ロロピロール等の含窒素5員環、ピリダジン、ピリミジ
ン、sym−トリアジン、sym−テトラジン、キナゾリン、
1、5−ナフチリジン、プテリジン、フエナジン等の多
価含窒素6員環、ピラゾール、イミナゾール、1、2、
4−トリアゾール、1、2、3−トリアゾール、テトラ
ゾール、ベンズイミナゾール、イミダゾール、プリン等
の多価含窒素5員環、ノルハルマン環、ペリミジン環、
ベンゾフラン、イソベンゾフラン、ジベンドフラン等の
含酸素芳香族環、ベンドチオフエン、チエノチオフエ
ン、チエピン等の含イオウ芳香族環、オキサゾール、イ
ソオキサゾール、1、2、5−オキサダイアゾール、ベ
ンズオキサゾール等の含酸素複素芳香環、チアゾール、
イソチアゾール、1、3、4−チアダイアゾール、ベン
ゾチアゾール等の含イオウ複素芳香環などの芳香族環お
よびその誘導体を少なくとも1つ有する疎水性低分子有
機化合物が好ましい結果を与える。中でもトリブタミン
等のインドール環を含む化合物は、特に好ましい結果を
与える。これは自己抗体、免疫複合体と該化合物の結合
において、該化合物の疎水性と分子剛直性が有効に作用
している結果と解釈できるものである。
Among the hydrophobic compounds, compounds having at least one aromatic ring give particularly favorable results. The aromatic ring means a cyclic compound having aromaticity, and any of them can be used usefully, but benzene-based aromatic rings such as benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene, pyridine, quinoline, acridine, isoquinoline, and phenanthridine 6-membered nitrogen-containing ring such as indole, carbazole, isoindole,
5-membered nitrogen-containing rings such as indolizine, porphyrin, 2,3,2 ', 3'-pyrrolopyrrole, pyridazine, pyrimidine, sym-triazine, sym-tetrazine, quinazoline,
Polyvalent nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring such as 1,5-naphthyridine, pteridine, phenazine, pyrazole, iminazole, 1,2,
5-membered polyvalent nitrogen-containing rings such as 4-triazole, 1,2,3-triazole, tetrazole, benziminazole, imidazole, purine, etc., norharman ring, perimidine ring,
Oxygen-containing aromatic rings such as benzofuran, isobenzofuran and dibendfuran; sulfur-containing aromatic rings such as bendthiophene, thienothiophene and tiepin; oxygen-containing heteroaromatics such as oxazole, isoxazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole and benzoxazole Ring, thiazole,
A hydrophobic low molecular weight organic compound having at least one aromatic ring such as a sulfur-containing heteroaromatic ring such as isothiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole and benzothiazole and a derivative thereof gives preferable results. Among them, compounds containing an indole ring such as tributamine give particularly favorable results. This can be interpreted as a result that the hydrophobicity and molecular rigidity of the compound are effectively acting on the binding of the compound to the autoantibody or immune complex.

また、本発明者らは、より安全に実用に供することが
でき、安価な疎水性化合物を求めて鋭意研究の結果、疎
水性アミノ酸およびその誘導体が極めて高率かつ特異的
に自己抗体、免疫複合体を吸着、除去することを見い出
した。
In addition, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in search of an inexpensive hydrophobic compound that can be safely used for practical purposes. It has been found that it absorbs and removes the body.

疎水性アミノ酸およびその誘導体とは、Tanford、Noz
aki(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,184 4240(1962)、J.Biol.Che
m.246 2211(1971))[タンフオード、ノザキ(ジャ
ーナル・オブ・アメリカン・ケミカル・ソサエテイ・18
4、4240(1962)、ジャーナル・オブ・バイオロジカル
・ケミストリイ 246、2211(1971)]により定義され
た疎水性尺度でみて、1500cal/mol以上のアミノ酸およ
びその誘導体で、対生理食塩水溶解度100ミリモル/dl以
下の化合物を意味する。例えば、リジン、バリン、ロイ
シン、チロシン、フエニルアラニン、イソロイシン、ト
リブトフアンおよびその誘導体等である。これらの疎水
性アミノ酸およびその誘導体の中では、トリプトフアン
およびその誘導体、フェニルアラニンおよびその誘導体
が特に良好な結果を与える。また、アミノ酸はl、dの
立体配座を特に限定することなく使用することができ
る。
Hydrophobic amino acids and their derivatives are described in Tanford, Noz
aki (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 184 4240 (1962), J. Biol. Che.
m. 246 2211 (1971)) [Tanford, Nozaki (Journal of American Chemical Society, 18
4 , 4240 (1962), Journal of Biological Chemistry 246 , 2211 (1971)], an amino acid and its derivative of 1500 cal / mol or more, and a solubility in saline of 100 mmol, as determined by the hydrophobicity scale defined by Means compounds below / dl. Examples include lysine, valine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, tributophan and derivatives thereof. Among these hydrophobic amino acids and their derivatives, tryptophan and its derivatives, phenylalanine and its derivatives give particularly good results. In addition, amino acids can be used without any particular limitation on the l and d conformations.

本発明の疎水性化合物は、分子量1万以下、より好ま
しくは分子量1000以下のものが好ましい。これによりプ
ロテインS(分子量42000)のような天然高分子に比較
して固定化時の取扱い、固定化後の保存も容易に行える
ものである。また、当該物質が中空糸状全多孔体から溶
出した場合にも、分子量1万以下の疎水性化合物は、生
体に対する抗原性が無視できるほど小さく安全であり、
滅菌操作も容易に行えるものである。
The hydrophobic compound of the present invention preferably has a molecular weight of 10,000 or less, more preferably 1,000 or less. As a result, handling during immobilization and storage after immobilization can be performed more easily than natural polymers such as protein S (molecular weight 42000). In addition, even when the substance is eluted from the hollow fiber-like totally porous material, the hydrophobic compound having a molecular weight of 10,000 or less is so small that its antigenicity to a living body is negligible and safe.
The sterilization operation can be easily performed.

本発明で言うポリアニオンとは、重量平均分子量が60
0以上であり、体液中で負電荷を示すスルホン酸塩、カ
ルホキシル基、リン酸基等の官能基をその分子中に持つ
ポリマーを言う。ポリマーの形態としては鎖状高分子で
ある事が好ましい。また分子量は600から107が好まし
く、1000から5×106が更に好ましく、2000から106が望
ましい。
The polyanion referred to in the present invention has a weight average molecular weight of 60
It is a polymer having a functional group such as a sulfonate, a carboxyl group, and a phosphate group, which is 0 or more and shows a negative charge in a body fluid, in its molecule. The form of the polymer is preferably a chain polymer. The molecular weight is preferably from 600 to 10 7, more preferably from 1000 to 5 × 10 6 , and preferably from 2,000 to 10 6 .

ポリアニオンを例示すると、ビニル系合成ポリアニオ
ンとしてポリアクリル酸、ポリメタクリル酸、ポリビニ
ルスルホン酸、ポリビニル硫酸、ポリマレイン酸、ポリ
フマル酸およびこれらの誘導体等が挙げられ、スチレン
系合成ポリアニオンとしてポリスチレンスルホン酸、ポ
リスチレンリン酸等が挙げられ、ペプチド系ポリアニオ
ンとしてポリグリタミン酸、ポリアスパラギン酸等が挙
げられ、核酸系ポリアニオンとしてポルU、ポリA等が
挙げられ、合成系ポリアニオンとしてポリリン酸エステ
ル、ポリαメチルスチレンスルホン酸、スチレン−メタ
クリル酸共重合体等が挙げられ、多糖系ポリアニオンと
して、ヘパリン、デキストラン硫酸、コンドロイチン硫
酸、アルギン酸、ペクチン、ヒアルロン酸、およびこれ
らの誘導体等が挙げられる。本発明で言うポリアニオン
は、上記した例示に限定されるものでは無い。
Examples of polyanions include polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinylsulfonic acid, polyvinylsulfuric acid, polymaleic acid, polyfumaric acid and derivatives thereof as vinyl-based synthetic polyanions, and polystyrenesulfonic acid, polystyrene phosphorus as styrene-based synthetic polyanions. Acids and the like, polyglycamic acid as a peptide-based polyanion, polyaspartic acid, and the like, as well as a nucleic acid-based polyanion, such as Pol U, polyA, and the like.Synthetic polyanions, such as polyphosphate ester, poly-α-methylstyrenesulfonic acid, Styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer and the like, and polysaccharide-based polyanions include heparin, dextran sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, alginic acid, pectin, hyaluronic acid, and derivatives thereof and the like. It is. The polyanion in the present invention is not limited to the above examples.

被吸着物質である低比重リポ蛋白質、超低比重リポ蛋
白質は直径が200から800Aという大きな分子である為、
前記した様な分子量のポリアニオンをリガンドとして使
用する必要がある。低分子量のアニオンでは低比重リポ
蛋白質および超低比重リポ蛋白質の吸着能力が充分でな
くなる事がある。ポリアニオンは、分子量300当りに少
なくとも1つの負電荷を示す官能基を持つ事が好まし
く、分子量200当りに1つの官能基を持つ事が更に好ま
しく、分子量50から150当りに1つの官能基を持つ事が
望ましい。ここで言う分子量は負電荷を示す官能基の分
子量も含む。
Because the low-density lipoprotein and ultra-low-density lipoprotein that are the substances to be adsorbed are large molecules with a diameter of 200 to 800 A,
It is necessary to use a polyanion having a molecular weight as described above as a ligand. With a low molecular weight anion, the adsorbing ability of low specific gravity lipoprotein and ultra low specific gravity lipoprotein may be insufficient. The polyanion preferably has at least one functional group exhibiting a negative charge per 300 molecular weight, more preferably has one functional group per 200 molecular weight, and has one functional group per 50 to 150 molecular weight. Is desirable. The molecular weight referred to here includes the molecular weight of a functional group having a negative charge.

以上述べて来た被吸着物質と相互作用を成すリガンド
は中空糸状全多孔体の全表面に実質上均一に固定されて
いれば良く、多少の固定むらがあってもかまわない。ま
た、部分的に固定されていない部分があっても、全体か
ら見て殆ど影響の無い程度であればかまわない。
The ligand which interacts with the substance to be adsorbed as described above may be fixed substantially uniformly on the entire surface of the hollow fiber-like all-porous material, and may have some fixing unevenness. In addition, even if there is a part that is not fixed partially, it is sufficient if it has almost no effect as a whole.

また、本発明全血処理用吸着器内の中空糸状全多孔体
の内面に血小板粘着抑制、血液凝固抑制用の処理を施す
事は更に好ましい結果を与える。
Further, the treatment for suppressing platelet adhesion and blood coagulation on the inner surface of the hollow fiber-like totally porous body in the whole blood processing adsorber of the present invention gives more preferable results.

中空糸全多孔体を容器に組込む方法としては、中空糸
型人工腎臓等の公知の方法が利用でき、鋳込成型法、遠
心成型法等が利用できる。
Known methods such as a hollow fiber artificial kidney can be used as a method of incorporating the hollow fiber totally porous body into a container, and a casting method, a centrifugal molding method, and the like can be used.

本発明の全血処理用吸着器は、血液導入口、血液導出
口、血液導入口と血液導出口との間を連結する血液回
路、血処導入口と血液導出口との間に設置され、血液回
路が全血処理用吸着器内の中空糸状全多孔体内面に連通
する様にされた全血処理用吸着器および血液導入口と該
全血処理用吸着器との間に設置された血液輸送手段を有
する全血処理用吸着装置として使用できる。
The adsorber for whole blood treatment of the present invention is a blood inlet, a blood outlet, a blood circuit connecting between the blood inlet and the blood outlet, and is installed between the blood inlet and the blood outlet, A whole blood processing adsorber in which a blood circuit communicates with the inner surface of the hollow fiber-shaped totally porous body in the whole blood processing adsorber, and blood installed between the blood inlet and the whole blood processing adsorber. It can be used as a whole blood treatment adsorption device having a transportation means.

また血液導入口、血液導出口、血液導入口と血液導出
口との間を連結する血液回路、血処導入口と血液導出口
との間に設置され、血液回路が全血処理用吸着器内の中
空糸状全多孔体内面に連通する様にされた全血処理用吸
着器、該全血処理用吸着器の全血処理用吸着器内の中空
糸状全多孔体外面を全血処理用吸着器と血液導出口との
間を結ぶ血液回路に連通させる血漿回路、血液回路に設
置された血液輸送手段、および血漿回路に設置された血
漿輸送手段を主要部とする全血処理用吸着装置としても
使用できる。
The blood inlet, blood outlet, a blood circuit connecting the blood inlet and the blood outlet, and a blood circuit installed between the blood inlet and the blood outlet, and the blood circuit is located inside the whole blood processing adsorber. A whole blood treatment adsorber which is in communication with the inner surface of the whole hollow fiber-shaped porous body; and the outer surface of the hollow fiber shaped whole porous body in the whole blood treatment adsorber of the whole blood treatment adsorber, which is a whole blood treatment adsorber. Circuit connected to a blood circuit that connects the blood outlet with the blood circuit, a blood transport device installed in the blood circuit, and a whole blood processing adsorption device mainly including the plasma transport device installed in the plasma circuit. Can be used.

すなわち、患者の血液が全血処理用吸着器の全血処理
用吸着器内の中空糸状全多孔体内面に導入され、全血処
理用吸着器内の中空糸状全多孔体内面から細孔部に移動
した被吸着物質が膜に固定されたリガンドと相互作用を
成し、吸着された血漿成分は吸着器下流の中空糸状全多
孔体外面から中空糸状全多孔体内面に流入し、中空糸状
全多孔体の中空部を流れる血球成分濃厚液と混合され、
容器外に導出されるという使い方に適した吸着装置とし
て使用されるのである。また外筒容器に開口部を設け中
空糸状全多孔体内面から外面に流出した、被吸着物質
(悪性物質)が吸着除去された血漿成分を容器外に取り
出し、吸着器の血液出口より排出された濃厚血球成分と
混合するという使い方に適した吸着装置として使用され
る。
That is, the blood of the patient is introduced into the hollow fiber-shaped totally porous internal surface of the whole blood processing adsorber of the whole blood processing adsorber, and from the hollow fiber-shaped totally porous internal surface of the whole blood processing adsorber to the pore portion. The transferred substance interacts with the ligand immobilized on the membrane, and the adsorbed plasma component flows from the outer surface of the hollow fiber-like totally porous body downstream of the adsorber into the hollow fiber-like totally porous body surface, and becomes a hollow fiber-like totally porous body. It is mixed with the blood cell component concentrate flowing through the hollow part of the body,
It is used as an adsorption device suitable for use outside the container. In addition, the plasma component from which the substance to be adsorbed (malignant substance) was adsorbed and removed from the inner surface of the hollow fiber-shaped totally porous body provided with an opening in the outer cylindrical container was taken out of the container, and discharged from the blood outlet of the adsorber. It is used as an adsorption device suitable for the use of mixing with concentrated blood cell components.

以下、図面を用い、本発明を説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

第1図は本発明全血処理用吸着器の使用例を示す模式
図であり、第2図は他の使用例を示す模式図であり、第
3図は本発明全血処理用吸着器内の中空糸状全多孔体1
本を示す断面模式図である。
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of use of the whole blood processing adsorber of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another example of use, and FIG. Hollow fiber-like fully porous body 1
It is a cross section showing a book.

第1図において血液は血液導入口1から導入され、血
液輸送手段2により全血処理用吸着器3に送られる。全
血処理用吸着器3内において血液は全血処理用吸着器内
の中空糸状全多孔体内面に送られ内面から中空糸状全多
孔体の細孔部に細孔径より小さい血漿成分が流出してい
き、中空糸状全多孔体外面と外筒内側の空隙に貯留さ
れ、その後吸着器下流の中空糸全多孔体部位で該血漿は
中空糸全多孔体外面より内面に流入し、中空糸全多孔体
内面を流下してきた濃厚血球成分と合流する。この過程
で全血処理用吸着器の中空糸全多孔体に固定されている
リガンドに被吸着物質(悪性物質)が吸着され、被吸着
物質を吸着された血液が血液導出口5から導出される。
全血処理用吸着器内の中空糸全多孔体を模式的に示した
ものが第3図であるが、全血処理用中空糸全多孔体4
は、その中空糸内面6と外面7および細孔部8全体にリ
ガンド9が固定されており、血漿が細孔部8を通過する
間に被吸着物質(悪性物質)とリガンド9が相互作用を
成し、被吸着物質が吸着される。
In FIG. 1, blood is introduced from a blood inlet 1 and sent to a whole blood processing adsorber 3 by a blood transport means 2. In the whole blood processing adsorber 3, the blood is sent to the inner surface of the hollow fiber-like totally porous body in the whole blood processing adsorber, and the plasma component smaller than the pore diameter flows out from the inner surface into the pores of the hollow fiber-like totally porous body. The plasma is stored in the space between the outer surface of the hollow fiber porous body and the inside of the outer cylinder, and then the plasma flows into the inner surface from the outer surface of the hollow fiber porous body at the portion of the hollow fiber porous body downstream of the adsorber, and the plasma is collected. Merges with the rich blood cell component flowing down the surface. In this process, the substance to be adsorbed (malignant substance) is adsorbed to the ligand fixed to the hollow fiber porous body of the adsorber for treating whole blood, and the blood adsorbing the substance to be adsorbed is led out from the blood outlet 5. .
FIG. 3 schematically shows the whole porous body of the hollow fiber in the adsorber for whole blood treatment, and FIG.
In the hollow fiber, a ligand 9 is fixed on the inner surface 6 and outer surface 7 of the hollow fiber and the entire pore portion 8, and the substance to be adsorbed (malignant substance) and the ligand 9 interact while the plasma passes through the pore portion 8. And the substance to be adsorbed is adsorbed.

第2図は、本発明全血処理用吸着器の別な使用例を示
す断面模式図であるが、血液は血液導入口1から導入さ
れ、血液輸送手段2により全血処理用吸着器3に送られ
る。全血処理用吸着器3において血液は全血処理用吸着
器中空糸全多孔体4の内面に送られ、血漿成分が内面か
ら膜を通して全血処理用吸着器中空糸全多孔体の外面に
送られる。この過程で被吸着物質(悪性物質)は膜中の
リガンドと相互作用を成し、吸着される。被吸着物質を
吸着除去された血漿は血漿輸送手段10により血液導出口
5の方向に送られ、全血と合流した後、血液導出口5よ
り導出される。
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing another example of use of the whole blood processing adsorber of the present invention. Blood is introduced from the blood inlet 1 and is transferred to the whole blood processing adsorber 3 by the blood transport means 2. Sent. In the whole blood processing adsorber 3, blood is sent to the inner surface of the whole blood processing adsorber hollow fiber whole porous body 4, and the plasma component is sent from the inner surface to the outer surface of the whole blood processing adsorber hollow fiber whole porous body. Can be In this process, the substance to be adsorbed (malignant substance) interacts with the ligand in the membrane and is adsorbed. The plasma from which the substance to be adsorbed has been adsorbed and removed is sent in the direction of the blood outlet 5 by the plasma transport means 10, merges with whole blood, and is then led out of the blood outlet 5.

以上、本発明の全血処理用吸着器およびその使用例に
ついて述べて来たが、以下実施例により、本発明を更に
具体的に説明する。
As described above, the adsorber for treating whole blood of the present invention and an example of its use have been described. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.

(実施例) (実施例1) 高密度ポリエチレン(密度0.968g/cm3、MI値5.5、商
品名ハイゼックス2208J)を、外径35mm、内径27mmの円
形二重紡口を用いて中空糸に紡糸した。ポリマー押出量
16g/min、紡糸巻き取り速度200m/min.紡口温度150℃で
行なった。得られた中空糸を115℃で2時間アニール処
理した後、送りロールの回転数を調整し、延伸区間200m
m、室温で1.33倍に冷延伸し、さらに3段の熱延伸を第
1段78℃、3倍、第2段95℃、1.28倍、第3段98℃、1.
14倍の温度および延伸倍率で行ない未延伸糸に対して総
延伸量が480%になるようにした。
(Example) (Example 1) High-density polyethylene (density 0.968 g / cm 3 , MI value 5.5, trade name: Hizex 2208J) is spun into a hollow fiber using a circular double spout having an outer diameter of 35 mm and an inner diameter of 27 mm. did. Polymer extrusion rate
The spinning was performed at 16 g / min, a spinning speed of 200 m / min, and a spinning temperature of 150 ° C. After the obtained hollow fiber was annealed at 115 ° C. for 2 hours, the rotation speed of the feed roll was adjusted, and the stretching section was 200 m.
m, cold stretching to 1.33 times at room temperature, and further hot stretching in three stages: 78 ° C. in the first stage, 3 times, 95 ° C. in the second stage, 1.28 times, 98 ° C. in the third stage, 1.
The drawing was performed at a temperature of 14 times and at a draw ratio so that the total drawn amount was 480% with respect to the undrawn yarn.

ポリエチレンビニルアルコール(ソアノールZ日本合
成化学社製)の、70%エタノール水溶液に0.9重量%で
の溶解液に、得られたポリエチレン中空糸を浸漬し、50
℃で5分放置後取り出し、55℃で1.5時間乾燥した。得
られたポリエチレン中空糸状全多孔体は内径340μm、
外径440μm、膜厚50μm、平均孔径0.3μm、表面積21
m2/gのものであった。この様にして製造した長さ25cmの
中空糸状全多孔体2000本をアセトン500ml、エピクロル
ヒドリン390ml、40重量%NaOH90mlの混合溶液中に浸漬
し、30℃で超音波をかけながら5時間反応させた。この
後アセトンで洗浄し、蒸留水で洗浄してエポキシ活性化
ポリエチレン中空糸状全多孔体を得た。
The obtained polyethylene hollow fiber was immersed in a solution of polyethylene vinyl alcohol (Soarnol Z manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.) at a concentration of 0.9% by weight in a 70% aqueous ethanol solution.
After leaving it at 5 ° C. for 5 minutes, it was taken out and dried at 55 ° C. for 1.5 hours. The resulting polyethylene hollow fiber-like totally porous body has an inner diameter of 340 μm,
Outer diameter 440μm, film thickness 50μm, average pore diameter 0.3μm, surface area 21
m 2 / g. The 2,000 totally hollow fiber-like porous bodies having a length of 25 cm thus produced were immersed in a mixed solution of 500 ml of acetone, 390 ml of epichlorohydrin, and 90 ml of 40% by weight of NaOH, and reacted at 30 ° C. for 5 hours while applying ultrasonic waves. Thereafter, it was washed with acetone and washed with distilled water to obtain an epoxy-activated polyethylene hollow fiber-like totally porous body.

該エポキシ活性化ポリエチレン中空糸状全多孔体をト
リプトフアン10.20gを含む0.1M炭酸ナトリウムバッファ
ー(pH9.8)1000ml中に浸漬した。50℃で24時間、超音
波をかけながら固定化反応を行なった。この後充分水洗
して全血処理用吸着材を得た。リガンドとして固定化さ
れたトリプトフアンの量は360μmol/g(乾燥重量)であ
った。上記の様にして得られた全血処理用吸着材を乾燥
した後、ポリカーボネート製容器内に両端をウレタン接
着材で遠心成型固定し、両端を切断した後ノズルを形成
し、第4図に示す様な全血処理用吸着器を製作した。全
血処理用吸着器中空糸状全多孔体の有効長は255mmであ
り、L/D2=2206mm-1であった。
The epoxy-activated polyethylene hollow fiber-like totally porous body was immersed in 1000 ml of 0.1 M sodium carbonate buffer (pH 9.8) containing 10.20 g of tryptophan. The immobilization reaction was performed at 50 ° C. for 24 hours while applying ultrasonic waves. Thereafter, the resultant was sufficiently washed with water to obtain an adsorbent for treating whole blood. The amount of tryptophan immobilized as a ligand was 360 μmol / g (dry weight). After drying the adsorbent for whole blood treatment obtained as described above, both ends were fixed in a polycarbonate container by centrifugal molding with a urethane adhesive, and after cutting both ends, a nozzle was formed, as shown in FIG. Such a whole blood processing adsorber was manufactured. The effective length of the whole-fiber hollow fiber-shaped adsorber for treating whole blood was 255 mm, and L / D 2 = 2206 mm −1 .

この全血処理用吸着器を用い第2図に示す全血処理用
吸着装置を組み立てた。
Using the whole blood processing adsorber, the whole blood processing adsorption apparatus shown in FIG. 2 was assembled.

慢性関節リウマチ患者由来のヘパリン加全血を血液導
入口1より導入し、ポンプ2により全血処理用吸着器3
に50ml/分で送った。全血処理用吸着器中空糸状全多孔
体4で血漿を濾過し、ポンプ10により血漿を血液導出口
方向に送り、全血処理用吸着器3から導出されて来る血
球成分に富む血液と合流させ、血液導出口5から取り出
した。ポンプ10の流量はポンプ2の流量の1/3とした。
Heparinized whole blood from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis is introduced through a blood inlet 1 and a pump 2 for whole blood processing adsorber 3
At 50 ml / min. The plasma is filtered by the whole-fiber processing adsorber hollow fiber-shaped whole porous body 4, the plasma is sent by the pump 10 in the direction of the blood outlet, and is combined with the blood rich in blood cells derived from the whole blood processing adsorber 3. From the blood outlet 5. The flow rate of the pump 10 was set to 1/3 of the flow rate of the pump 2.

循環中、凝血、溶血は見られず、安定した循環が行な
えた。
During the circulation, no coagulation or hemolysis was observed, and stable circulation was performed.

処理前の血液(血漿)および全血処理用吸着器で濾過
された血漿(循環30分後)中のリウマチ因子と免疫複合
体を測定した。リウマチ因子は受身感作血球凝集テスト
法(RAHAテスト、富士臓器製薬(株)製)、免疫複合体
は、ラジセル(Raji Cell)法にて測定した。
The rheumatoid factor and immune complex were measured in the blood (plasma) before the treatment and the plasma (30 minutes after circulation) filtered by the adsorber for whole blood treatment. The rheumatoid factor was measured by a passive sensitization hemagglutination test method (RAHA test, manufactured by Fuji Organ Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), and the immune complex was measured by the Raji Cell method.

その結果、リウマチ因子は処理前が1280であったのに
対し、濾過後では320、免疫複合体は処理前が120μg/ml
であったのが28μg/mlに下がっていた。
As a result, while the rheumatoid factor was 1280 before treatment, 320 after filtration, the immune complex was 120 μg / ml before treatment.
Was reduced to 28 μg / ml.

また、処理前の全血の血小板濃度と血液導出口から得
られた全血の血小板濃度を比較したところ処理前が34万
/mm3であったのに対し、処理後は30万/mm3とあまり低下
していなかった。
In addition, the platelet concentration of whole blood before treatment was compared with the platelet concentration of whole blood obtained from the blood outlet.
/ mm 3 , whereas the value after treatment was as low as 300,000 / mm 3 .

すなわち、全血を処理した時、血小板の損失が少ない
状態で選択的に悪性物質(リウマチ因子、免疫複合体)
を吸着除去できた。
In other words, when whole blood is processed, the malignant substance (rheumatic factor, immune complex) is selectively treated with little loss of platelets
Could be removed by adsorption.

(実施例2) 実施例1と同様にして得たエポキシ活性化ポリエチレ
ン中空糸状全多孔体を使用し、30重量%のデキストラン
硫酸水溶液でpH=13、50℃で24時間、反応させた。
(Example 2) Using an epoxy-activated polyethylene hollow fiber whole porous material obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, a reaction was carried out with a 30% by weight aqueous solution of dextran sulfate at pH = 13, 50 ° C for 24 hours.

リガンド固定後、充分水洗して、全血処理用吸着器を
得た。該全血処理用吸着器を用い、第1図に示す全血処
理用吸着装置を組み立て、以下の実験を行なった。
After immobilization of the ligand, the plate was sufficiently washed with water to obtain an adsorber for treating whole blood. Using the whole blood processing adsorber, the whole blood processing adsorption apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was assembled, and the following experiment was performed.

家族性高コレステロール血症患者由来のヘパリン加全
血(ヘマトクリットHt=35%)を血液導入口1より導入
し、ポンプ2により50ml/分で全血処理用吸着器3に送
った。全血を送り始めてから10分後には中空糸状全多孔
体外側と外筒容器内側の空隙には淡黄色の血漿でほとん
ど置換されていた。さらに送血を続け、30分後の血液出
口の総コレステロールを酵素法により測定した。家族性
高コレステロール血症患者血液の場合、コレステロール
は殆ど低比重リポ蛋白質に由来する。
Heparinized whole blood (hematocrit Ht = 35%) from a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia was introduced from the blood inlet 1 and sent to the whole blood processing adsorber 3 by the pump 2 at 50 ml / min. Ten minutes after the start of sending whole blood, the gap between the outside of the hollow fiber-like porous body and the inside of the outer cylinder was almost replaced by pale yellow plasma. Blood transmission was further continued, and the total cholesterol at the blood outlet 30 minutes later was measured by an enzyme method. In the blood of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, cholesterol is mostly derived from low density lipoproteins.

その結果、総コレステロールは処理前が540mg/dlであ
ったのに対し、濾過後では110mg/dlに下がっていた。
As a result, the total cholesterol was 540 mg / dl before the treatment, but decreased to 110 mg / dl after the filtration.

また、処理前全血と処理後全血の血小板濃度は、処理
前が27万/mm3、処理後は25万/mm3とあまり低下していな
かった。
The platelet concentrations of whole blood before treatment and whole blood after treatment did not decrease so much as 270,000 / mm 3 before treatment and 250,000 / mm 3 after treatment.

すなわち、全血を処理した時、血小板の損失が少ない
状態で選択的に悪性物質(コレステロール、低比重リポ
蛋白質)を吸着除去できた。
That is, when whole blood was treated, malignant substances (cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein) could be selectively adsorbed and removed with little loss of platelets.

(実施例3〜4、比較例1) 高密度ポリエチレン(密度0.968g/cm3、MI値5.5、商
品名ハイゼックス2208J)を、内径の異なる種々の円形
二重紡口を用いて中空糸に紡糸した。ポリマー押出量16
g/min.紡速は200〜600m/min.紡口温度150℃で行なっ
た。得られた種々の中空糸を115℃で2時間アニール処
理した後、送りロールの回転数を調整し、延伸区間200m
m、室温で1.33倍に冷延伸し、さらに3段の熱延伸を第
1段78℃、第2段95℃、第3段98℃の温度で行ない未延
伸糸に対して総延伸量が480%になるようにした。該延
伸中空糸を115℃にて2分間の熱固定を行ないポリエチ
レン中空糸状全多孔体を得た。
(Examples 3 and 4, Comparative Example 1) High-density polyethylene (density 0.968 g / cm 3 , MI value 5.5, trade name HIZEX 2208J) is spun into hollow fibers using various circular double spouts having different inner diameters. did. Polymer output 16
The spinning speed was 200-600 m / min. After the obtained various hollow fibers were annealed at 115 ° C. for 2 hours, the rotation speed of the feed roll was adjusted, and the stretching section was 200 m.
m, cold-drawn 1.33 times at room temperature, and hot-stretched in three stages at 78 ° C in the first stage, 95 ° C in the second stage, and 98 ° C in the third stage. %. The stretched hollow fiber was heat-set at 115 ° C. for 2 minutes to obtain a polyethylene hollow fiber-like totally porous body.

実施例1と同様にして、ポリビニルアルコールコーテ
ィング、エポキシ活性化、リガンド固定化を行ない、全
血用吸着器を得、第2図の装置に組込んだ。但しポンプ
10を含む血漿回路を取りはずし、血漿出口から排出され
る血漿量およびリューマチ因子を測定した。結果を一括
して第1表に示す。
In the same manner as in Example 1, polyvinyl alcohol coating, epoxy activation, and ligand immobilization were performed to obtain a whole blood adsorber, which was incorporated into the apparatus shown in FIG. However pump
The plasma circuit containing 10 was removed, and the amount of plasma discharged from the plasma outlet and the rheumatoid factor were measured. The results are collectively shown in Table 1.

第1表に示すように、実施例3〜4と比較例1の吸着
器内中空糸状全多孔体表面積はほぼ同様であるにも拘ら
ず、リューマチ因子濃度はL/D2に逆比例し、排出血漿量
はL/D2と正比例することにより、血漿分離効率の高いL/
D2≧2000mm-1の実施例3〜4は比較例に比し非常に有効
であった。
As shown in Table 1, the adsorption vessel hollow-fiber-shaped whole porous body surface area of Comparative Example 1 and Example 3-4 spite of almost the same, rheumatoid factor concentration is inversely proportional to L / D 2, discharge plasma volume is by directly proportional to L / D 2, high plasma separation efficiency L /
Examples 3 and 4 where D 2 ≧ 2000 mm −1 were very effective as compared with the comparative example.

(発明の効果) 以上述べた様に、本発明の全血処理用吸着器を用いる
事により、全血を直接吸着器に流しても血小板の粘着や
血液凝固が起こり難い為、単純な血液回路で簡単な操作
で血液中の悪性物質(被吸着物質)を吸着、除去できる
様になった。また、プライミングボリュームを小さくで
きる為、患者の体外に取り出す血液量を少なくでき、安
全な治療法とする事ができた。更にリガンドの選択、中
空糸状全多孔体の孔径や細孔分布の選定により吸着選択
性を良くする事ができるので、生体にとって有用な物質
の非選択的吸着を少なくできる。本発明は、血液中の悪
性物質の吸着、血液中に悪性物質が滞留する疾患の治療
に有用である。
(Effect of the Invention) As described above, the use of the adsorber for treating whole blood of the present invention makes it difficult for platelet adhesion and blood coagulation to occur even when whole blood flows directly into the adsorber. This makes it possible to adsorb and remove malignant substances (substances to be adsorbed) in blood by simple operations. In addition, since the priming volume can be reduced, the amount of blood taken out of the patient can be reduced, and a safe treatment can be achieved. Further, the selection of the ligand and the selection of the pore diameter and the pore distribution of the hollow fiber-like totally porous body can improve the adsorption selectivity, so that the non-selective adsorption of a substance useful for a living body can be reduced. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is useful for adsorbing malignant substances in blood and treating diseases in which malignant substances stay in blood.

本発明は全血を処理するのに有用であるが、血漿処理
にも使える事は言うまでも無い。
Although the present invention is useful for processing whole blood, it goes without saying that it can also be used for plasma processing.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

第1図は本発明全血処理用吸着器の使用例を示す模式
図。第2図は本発明全血処理用吸着器の他の使用例を示
す模式図。第3図は本発明全血処理用吸着器内の中空糸
状全多孔体の構造を示す断面模式図。第4図は本発明全
血処理用吸着器の1例を示す模式図。 1……血液導入口 2……血液輸送手段(ポンプ) 3……全血処理用吸着器 4……全血処理用吸着器内の中空糸状全多孔体 5……血液導出口 6……中空糸状全多孔体内面 7……中空糸状全多孔体外面 8……細孔部 9……リガンド 10……血漿輸送手段(ポンプ) 11……血液導入口側ノズル 12……血液導出口側ノズル 13……血漿導出用ノズル
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of use of the whole blood processing adsorber of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another example of use of the adsorber for treating whole blood of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a hollow fiber-like totally porous body in the whole blood processing adsorber of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of the whole blood processing adsorber of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Blood introduction port 2 ... Blood transport means (pump) 3 ... Whole blood processing adsorber 4 ... Hollow fiber-like whole porous body in the whole blood processing adsorber 5 ... Blood outlet 6 ... Hollow Internal surface of the fibrous porous body 7: External surface of the hollow fibrous porous body 8: Pore portion 9: Ligand 10: Plasma transport means (pump) 11: Nozzle on the blood inlet port 12: Nozzle on the blood outlet port 13 …… Nozzle for plasma derivation

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭61−90672(JP,A) 特開 昭61−11054(JP,A) 特開 昭61−22867(JP,A) 特開 昭64−68272(JP,A) 特開 昭61−85957(JP,A) 特開 昭62−221401(JP,A) 特開 昭63−79669(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6,DB名) A61M 1/36 543,545──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-61-90672 (JP, A) JP-A-61-11054 (JP, A) JP-A-61-22867 (JP, A) JP-A 64-128 68272 (JP, A) JP-A-61-85957 (JP, A) JP-A-62-221401 (JP, A) JP-A-63-79669 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. 6 , DB name) A61M 1/36 543,545

Claims (4)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】中空糸状全多孔体がほぼ平行に多数本集束
され、その両末端が中空部を開口した状態で接着固定さ
れ、更に該両末端にそれぞれに液密に固定された血液の
出入り口を備え、且つ外筒容器に少なくとも1つの血漿
取出し用の開口部を備えた全血処理用吸着器であって、
該中空糸状全多孔体の平均孔径が0.01μm以上2μm以
下、平均内径が150μm以上400μm以下、平均有効長
(L)と平均内径(D)の間にL/D2≧2000mm-1の関係式
が成立し、該全多孔体全表面に被吸着物質と相互作用を
成す抗原性の低いリガンドが実質上均一に固定されてい
る全血処理用吸着器。
1. A plurality of substantially hollow fiber-like porous bodies are bundled substantially parallel to each other, and their ends are adhesively fixed in a state where both ends are open in a hollow portion, and further, blood inlets and outlets respectively fixed to both ends in a liquid-tight manner. A, and a whole blood processing adsorber provided with an opening for taking out at least one plasma in the outer cylindrical container,
Relational expression of L / D 2 ≧ 2000 mm −1 between the average effective length (L) and the average inner diameter (D), the average pore diameter of the hollow fiber-shaped totally porous body is 0.01 μm or more and 2 μm or less, the average inner diameter is 150 μm or more and 400 μm or less. Wherein a ligand having low antigenicity which interacts with the substance to be adsorbed is fixed substantially uniformly on the entire surface of the porous body.
【請求項2】リガンドが中空糸状全多孔体に対し共有結
合により固定されている請求項1記載の全血処理用吸着
器。
2. The whole blood processing adsorber according to claim 1, wherein the ligand is covalently fixed to the hollow fiber-like whole porous body.
【請求項3】リガンドが疎水性化合物である請求項1又
は2のいずれか1つに記載の全血処理用吸着器。
3. The adsorber for treating whole blood according to claim 1, wherein the ligand is a hydrophobic compound.
【請求項4】リガンドがポリアニオンである請求項1〜
3のいずれか1つに記載の全血処理用吸着器。
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ligand is a polyanion.
3. The adsorber for treating whole blood according to any one of 3.
JP1075205A 1988-04-04 1989-03-29 Adsorber for whole blood processing Expired - Fee Related JP2814399B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1075205A JP2814399B2 (en) 1988-04-04 1989-03-29 Adsorber for whole blood processing

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63-81276 1988-04-04
JP8127688 1988-04-04
JP1075205A JP2814399B2 (en) 1988-04-04 1989-03-29 Adsorber for whole blood processing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0229260A JPH0229260A (en) 1990-01-31
JP2814399B2 true JP2814399B2 (en) 1998-10-22

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JP (1) JP2814399B2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2561418T3 (en) * 1999-06-03 2016-02-26 Advanced Extravascular Systems Single phase removal of unwanted molecules in circulating blood
US8865172B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2014-10-21 Advanced Extravascular Systems, Inc. Method for reducing the number of unwanted molecules in bodily fluids
EP1621220B1 (en) * 2003-05-08 2014-11-19 Kaneka Corporation Low density lipoprotein/fibrinogen adsorbent and adsorption apparatus capable of whole blood treatment
WO2012121073A1 (en) 2011-03-04 2012-09-13 Dic株式会社 Sugar-immobilized polymer substrate for removing viruses, and method for removing viruses
JP5929762B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2016-06-08 東レ株式会社 Purification column and purification column manufacturing method
WO2014014089A1 (en) * 2012-07-20 2014-01-23 Dic株式会社 Hydrophilic resin compound containing amino group, polymer substrate for virus removal, and gas barrier material
DE102018104177A1 (en) * 2018-02-23 2019-08-29 B. Braun Avitum Ag Apparatus for removing noxious substances from blood, extracorporeal perfusion system comprising such a device and method for producing such a device

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