JP2809873B2 - Plant cultivation equipment - Google Patents
Plant cultivation equipmentInfo
- Publication number
- JP2809873B2 JP2809873B2 JP33805290A JP33805290A JP2809873B2 JP 2809873 B2 JP2809873 B2 JP 2809873B2 JP 33805290 A JP33805290 A JP 33805290A JP 33805290 A JP33805290 A JP 33805290A JP 2809873 B2 JP2809873 B2 JP 2809873B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- plant
- light
- far
- source
- red light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は人工光源の光放射によって野菜などの植物を
栽培する植物栽培装置に関するものである。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus for cultivating plants such as vegetables by light radiation of an artificial light source.
従来の技術 光放射強度をはじめ、温度、湿度、気流条件、CO2濃
度、水分、養分、等の成育環境条件を人工的に有効適切
に制御して、野菜などの植物を高品質、高効率、安定に
栽培・生産する、いわゆる植物工場の研究開発が近年、
活発化し、一部では実用化されている。植物工場の光放
射の供給方式としては、完全自然光利用方式、自然光と
人工光を併用したハイブリッド光方式、完全人工光利用
方式がある。高品質、高効率、安定に野菜などの植物を
栽培・生産するという植物工場の目的に適合させるため
には、より完全な成育環境制御の下で栽培を図る方式が
望ましく、光放射の供給方式としても完全人工光利用方
式の採用が理想的である。人工光源としては一般に、メ
タルハライドランプ、高圧ナトリウムランプ、蛍光ラン
プ、等が単独、あるいは組合わせて使用されている。Conventional technology Effectively and appropriately controls growth environment conditions such as light emission intensity, temperature, humidity, airflow conditions, CO 2 concentration, moisture, nutrients, etc. In recent years, research and development of so-called plant factories that cultivate and produce
It has been activated and some have been put to practical use. As a method of supplying light radiation in a plant factory, there are a completely natural light utilization method, a hybrid light method using both natural light and artificial light, and a completely artificial light utilization method. In order to meet the purpose of a plant factory that cultivates and produces vegetables and other plants with high quality, high efficiency, and stability, it is desirable to use a method of cultivating under more complete growth environment control. However, it is ideal to adopt a method using completely artificial light. Generally, metal halide lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, fluorescent lamps and the like are used alone or in combination as artificial light sources.
発明が解決しようとする課題 完全人工光利用方式の植物工場では、生産コストの中
で光放射エネルギーコストの占める割合が大きい。例え
ば比較的、光放射エネルギーを低く抑えることができ
る、サラダナやレタスなどの葉菜類を生産する場合で
も、生産コストの約40％を電力コストが占め、そのうち
の約70％余りを光放射エネルギーコストが占めている。
このため、品質と生産の安定という、工業生産方式の利
点が発揮できる完全人工光利用方式の植物工場の実用化
を図るうえで、生産コストの中で占める割合が大きい光
放射エネルギーコストの引き下げが重要な課題となって
いる。本発明は前記問題点を解決できる植物の栽培方法
および栽培装置を提供すること目的としている。Problems to be Solved by the Invention In a plant factory using a completely artificial light, the ratio of the light radiation energy cost to the production cost is large. For example, even when producing leafy vegetables such as salads and lettuce that can keep light radiation energy low, electricity costs account for about 40% of production costs, and light radiation energy costs account for about 70% of that cost. is occupying.
For this reason, the reduction of light radiation energy costs, which account for a large proportion of the production costs, in order to commercialize a plant factory that uses the completely artificial light method, which can demonstrate the advantages of the industrial production method, such as quality and production stability. It is an important issue. An object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation method and a plant cultivation device that can solve the above-mentioned problems.
課題を解決するための手段 前記課題を解決するため本発明は、400〜700nmの波長
域を主波長とする光放射（PAR）源および遠赤色光放射
源（700〜800nmの波長域を主波長とする光放射源）を組
合せ配設し、その両者の光放射強度の比が光量子束密度
比600〜700nm/700〜800nmの値で1.3〜0.6であることを
特徴とする。Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a light emission (PAR) source having a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm and a far-red light emission source (a wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm having a main wavelength range). Light emission sources), and the ratio of the light emission intensity of both is 1.3 to 0.6 at a photon flux density ratio of 600 to 700 nm / 700 to 800 nm.
作用 前記構成によれば、植物の物質生産を制御する光合成
の観点からみて有効であるとされるPAR光放射源のみの
光放射環境の下での成育に比べ700〜800nmの波長域を有
する遠赤色光放射源からの照射に基づく光形態形成作用
によって植物の節間や葉脈の伸長が促進される。この結
果、栽培植物の草丈が伸長するとともに葉面積も増大
し、さらに草丈の伸長で植物は光放射源に接近し、受光
量を増す。このうえ、植物の節間の伸長は葉同志による
光放射の遮蔽を減少させるため、植物全体の光放射の受
光量の増加がもたらされる。このため、光放射エネルギ
ーの利用効率が高められ、植物の生体重増加が加速さ
れ、植物の生産所要期間が短絡され、生産コストに占め
る光放射エネルギーコストの割合が改善される。Action According to the above configuration, compared to the growth under the light emitting environment of only the PAR light emitting source, which is considered to be effective from the viewpoint of photosynthesis for controlling the substance production of plants, it has a wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm. Photomorphogenesis based on irradiation from a red light source promotes plant internode and leaf vein elongation. As a result, the plant height of the cultivated plant elongates and the leaf area increases, and further the plant height approaches the light radiation source and the amount of received light increases. In addition, internode elongation of the plant reduces the interception of light radiation by the leaves, resulting in an increase in the amount of light radiation received by the entire plant. For this reason, the utilization efficiency of light radiant energy is enhanced, the increase in the live weight of the plant is accelerated, the required period of plant production is short-circuited, and the ratio of the light radiant energy cost to the production cost is improved.
実施例 以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。第
１図は本発明の植物栽培装置の一実施例を示している。Embodiment Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention.
風洞型グロースキャビネット１内には栽培室２と空気
を循環させるための風洞３が設けられ、ファン４によっ
て空気が循環されるとともに風速が調整される。温度調
整手段５、温度調整手段６、CO2濃度調整手段７が設け
られ、グロースキャビネット１内の温度、湿度、CO2濃
度が調整される。A wind tunnel 3 for circulating air with the cultivation room 2 is provided in the wind tunnel type growth cabinet 1, and air is circulated by a fan 4 and the wind speed is adjusted. A temperature adjusting unit 5, a temperature adjusting unit 6, and a CO 2 concentration adjusting unit 7 are provided, and the temperature, humidity, and CO 2 concentration in the growth cabinet 1 are adjusted.
前記栽培室２内の上方にはPAR（Photosynthetically
Active Radiation、光合成有効光放射）、即ち400〜700
nmの波長域を主波長とする複数本のPAR照射用蛍光ラン
プ8aおよび遠赤色光放射、即ち700〜800nmの波長域を主
波長とする複数本の遠赤色光放射用蛍光ランプ8bが水平
且つ並列に配設されており、PAR照射用蛍光ランプおよ
び遠赤色光放射照射用蛍光ランプは個々個別に点滅およ
び調光できるようになっている。またこれら蛍光ランプ
8aおよび8bの下方には保水性を備えた栽培ベット９が配
設されている。栽培ベット９には点滴方式で所要量の培
養液が供給され、栽培ベット９に栽培された植物に水分
と養分が供給される。PAR (Photosynthetically
Active Radiation, photosynthetically effective light radiation), ie 400-700
A plurality of fluorescent lamps 8a for PAR irradiation having a main wavelength in the wavelength range of nm and far-red light emission, that is, a plurality of fluorescent lamps 8b for far-red light emission having a main wavelength in the wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm are horizontal and The fluorescent lamp for PAR irradiation and the fluorescent lamp for irradiating far-red light are arranged in parallel, and can be individually turned on and off. These fluorescent lamps
Below 8a and 8b, a cultivation bed 9 having water retention is arranged. A required amount of culture solution is supplied to the cultivation bed 9 by a drip method, and water and nutrients are supplied to the plants cultivated in the cultivation bed 9.
次に、上記装置４基を用いて植物栽培を行った実験例
につき説明する。Next, an experimental example in which plant cultivation was performed using the four devices described above will be described.
栽培植物Ａとして、７年間継続して隔離栽培され、遺
伝的な均一性が確保されたヒマワリ（Helianthus Annus
L.cv Russian Manmoth）の種子を発芽させ、第２図の
点線で示す分光分布特性をもつPAR照射用３波長域発光
形蛍光ランプの下で育苗した、子葉が充分に展開し、第
３葉、第４葉が展開しつつある播種８日目の均一な幼植
物を用いた。４基のグロースキャビネット１内には各
々、第２図の点線で示す分光分布特性をもつPAR照射用
３波長域発光形55W蛍光ランプのみ４本配設、同じく前
記PAR照射用３波長域発光形55W蛍光ランプ４本に加え、
第２図の実線で示す遠赤色光放射照射用20W蛍光ランプ
を１本、５本、９本を配設した。なお、遠赤色光照射用
20W蛍光ランプを付加しないランプ配設場所には、20W蛍
光ランプを黒色画用紙で覆ったランプを配設し、各々の
グロースキャビネットの温度均一性が確保されるよう配
慮した。各々のキャビネット内の光放射環境条件を第１
表に示す。ランプはいずれも24時間連続点灯し、気温は
25℃、相対温度は70％に制御した。また栽培は培養液
（大塚ハウス１号、２号標準濃度培養液）を用いた水耕
法とした。さらに根圏にはエアーポンプにより空気を供
給した。Sunflower (Helianthus Annus), which has been continuously cultivated for seven years as a cultivated plant A and has a genetic homogeneity
L.cv Russian Manmoth) seeds were germinated and grown under a three-band fluorescent lamp for PAR irradiation having the spectral distribution characteristics shown by the dotted line in FIG. A uniform young plant on day 8 of sowing in which the fourth leaf was developing was used. In each of the four growth cabinets 1, only four 55-W fluorescent lamps for PAR irradiation having a spectral distribution characteristic shown by dotted lines in FIG. In addition to four 55W fluorescent lamps,
One, five, and nine 20W fluorescent lamps for irradiating far-red light shown by solid lines in FIG. 2 were provided. For far-red light irradiation
At the place where the 20W fluorescent lamp is not added, a lamp in which the 20W fluorescent lamp is covered with black paper is placed so that the temperature uniformity of each growth cabinet is ensured. The light emission environment conditions in each cabinet
It is shown in the table. All lamps are lit continuously for 24 hours,
The temperature was controlled at 25 ° C. and the relative temperature was controlled at 70%. Cultivation was performed by a hydroponic method using a culture solution (Otsuka House No. 1, No. 2 standard concentration culture solution). In addition, air was supplied to the rhizosphere by an air pump.
実験結果を示すと第２表のようになる。生体重は第２
表に示すように、遠赤色光放射照射用蛍光ランプを各々
１本、５本、９本付加した遠赤色光放射処理区では、遠
赤色光放射の照射を行わない対照区に対し、生体重で遠
赤色光放射処理後８日目では各々1.2倍、1.6倍、1.9倍
に、また乾物重では各々1.1倍、1.7倍、1.9倍になり、
遠赤色光放射処理を行うことによって植物の生体重およ
び乾物重増加が加速され、植物の生産所要時間が短縮さ
れ、生産コストの引き下げができる。Table 2 shows the experimental results. Live weight is second
As shown in the table, in the far-red light emission treatment section in which one, five, and nine far-red light emission fluorescent lamps were added, respectively, the live weight was higher than the control section in which the far-red light emission was not irradiated. On the 8th day after the far-red light emission treatment, the weights increased 1.2 times, 1.6 times, and 1.9 times, respectively, and the dry matter increased 1.1 times, 1.7 times, and 1.9 times, respectively.
By performing the far-red light radiation treatment, the increase in the live weight and dry matter weight of the plant is accelerated, the time required for plant production is shortened, and the production cost can be reduced.
発明の効果 前記構成によれば、植物の物質生産を制御する光合成
の観点からみて有効であるとされるPAR光放射源のみの
光放射環境の下での成育に比べ、700〜800nmの波長域を
有する遠赤色光放射源からの照射に基づく光形態形成作
用によって植物の節間や葉脈の伸長が促進される。この
結果、栽培植物の草丈が伸長するとともに葉面積も増大
し、さらに草丈の伸長で植物は光放射源に接近し、受光
量を増す。このうえ、植物の節間の伸長は葉同志による
光放射の遮蔽を減少させるため、植物全体の光放射の受
光量の増加がもたらされる。このため、光放射エネルギ
ーの利用効率が高められ、植物の生体重増加が加速さ
れ、植物の生産所要期間が短縮され、生産コストに占め
る光放射エネルギーコストの割合が改善され、その効果
は大なるものである。 Effects of the Invention According to the above configuration, compared to the growth under a light-emitting environment of only a PAR light-emitting source, which is effective from the viewpoint of photosynthesis controlling plant material production, a wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm. The growth of internodes and veins of plants is promoted by photomorphogenesis based on irradiation from a far-red light radiation source having the following. As a result, the plant height of the cultivated plant elongates and the leaf area increases, and further the plant height approaches the light radiation source and the amount of received light increases. In addition, internode elongation of the plant reduces the interception of light radiation by the leaves, resulting in an increase in the amount of light radiation received by the entire plant. For this reason, the utilization efficiency of light radiant energy is enhanced, the increase in the living weight of the plant is accelerated, the period required for plant production is shortened, and the ratio of the light radiant energy cost to the production cost is improved, and the effect is increased. Things.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示す栽培装置の概略側面
図、第２図は同栽培装置を用いた植物の成育実験に用い
たPAR照射用３波長域発光形蛍光ランプおよび遠赤色光
照射用蛍光ランプの分光分布特性図である。 8a……PAR照射用光源、8b……遠赤色光放射照射用光
源、９……栽培ベット、Ａ……植物。FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a cultivation apparatus showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a PAR irradiation three-wavelength-range fluorescent lamp and far-red light used in a plant growth experiment using the same. It is a spectral-distribution-characteristic figure of the fluorescent lamp for irradiation. 8a: PAR irradiation light source, 8b: Far-red light radiation irradiation light source, 9: Cultivation bed, A: Plant.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平２−60527（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭62−126915（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭63−79531（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭49−45581（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) A01G 7/00──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-60527 (JP, A) JP-A-62-126915 (JP, A) JP-A-63-79531 (JP, A) JP-A-49-49 45581 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 6 , DB name) A01G 7/00
Claims (1)
（PAR）源および遠赤色光放射源（700〜800nmの波長域
を主波長とする光放射源）を組合せ配設し、その両者の
光放射強度の比が光量子束密度比600〜700nm/700〜800n
mの値で1.3〜0.6であることを特徴とする植物栽培装
置。1. A light emitting (PAR) source having a main wavelength in a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm and a far-red light emitting source (light emitting source having a main wavelength in a wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm) are arranged in combination. The ratio of the light emission intensity of the two is the photon flux density ratio of 600 to 700 nm / 700 to 800 n
A plant cultivation apparatus, wherein the value of m is 1.3 to 0.6.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33805290A JP2809873B2 (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1990-11-30 | Plant cultivation equipment |
| US07/801,689 US5269093A (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1991-12-02 | Method and apparatus for controlling plant growth with artificial light |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33805290A JP2809873B2 (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1990-11-30 | Plant cultivation equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04207127A JPH04207127A (en) | 1992-07-29 |
| JP2809873B2 true JP2809873B2 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
Family
ID=18314462
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33805290A Expired - Fee Related JP2809873B2 (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1990-11-30 | Plant cultivation equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2809873B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0732049B1 (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1998-05-06 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated | Covering material for plant growth control |
| CN103766145B (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2015-03-25 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Rapid indentifying method for disleaving effect before cotton harvesting |
| NL2018324B1 (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2018-09-03 | Priva Holding B V | Method and device for growing a crop |
-
1990
- 1990-11-30 JP JP33805290A patent/JP2809873B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04207127A (en) | 1992-07-29 |
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