JPH0260527A - Method for cultivating and apparatus therefor - Google Patents
Method for cultivating and apparatus thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0260527A JPH0260527A JP21032588A JP21032588A JPH0260527A JP H0260527 A JPH0260527 A JP H0260527A JP 21032588 A JP21032588 A JP 21032588A JP 21032588 A JP21032588 A JP 21032588A JP H0260527 A JPH0260527 A JP H0260527A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fluorescent lamps
- light emission
- par
- wavelength
- plants
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 24
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000208822 Lactuca Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002015 leaf growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は人工光源の光放射によって、野菜などの植物を
栽培する方法及び装置に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for cultivating plants such as vegetables by light radiation from an artificial light source.
従来の技術 光放射エネルギー強度をはじめ、温度、水分。Conventional technology including light radiant energy intensity, temperature, and moisture.
Ｃ０２濃度等の環境条件を人工的に有効適切に制御して
、野菜などの植物を高品質、高効率、安定に栽培・生産
する、いわゆる植物工場の研究開発が近年、活発化し、
一部では実施されている。植物工場における光放射の供
給方式としては、完全自然光利用方式、自然光と人工光
を併用したノ・イブリッド光利用方式、完全人工光利用
方式がある。In recent years, research and development of so-called plant factories, which cultivate and produce vegetables and other plants in a high-quality, highly efficient, and stable manner by effectively and appropriately controlling environmental conditions such as CO2 concentration, have become active in recent years.
It has been implemented in some places. Methods for supplying light radiation in plant factories include a completely natural light system, a hybrid light system that uses a combination of natural light and artificial light, and a completely artificial light system.
品質の揃った植物を安定生産するためには、より完全な
環境制御の下で栽培を図る方式が望ましく、先進的な植
物工場システムにおける光放射供給方式としては、完全
人工光利用方式の採用が理想的である。完全人工光利用
方式の植物工場における人工光源としては、一般に、メ
タルハライドランプ、高圧ナトリウムランプ、蛍光ラン
プ等が単独・成るいは組合わせて使用されている。In order to stably produce plants of uniform quality, it is desirable to cultivate them under more complete environmental control, and as a light radiation supply method in an advanced plant factory system, it is recommended to adopt a method that uses completely artificial light. ideal. In general, metal halide lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, fluorescent lamps, and the like are used singly, singly, or in combination as artificial light sources in plant factories that utilize completely artificial light.
発明が解決しようとする課題
完全人工光利用方式の植物工場では、生産コストの中で
光放射エネルギーコストの占める割合が大きい。例えば
比較的、光放射エネルギーを低く抑えることができる、
サラダナやレタスなどの葉菜類を生産する場合でも、生
産コストの約４０％を電力コストが占め、そのうちの約
Ｔｏ％余りを光放射エネルギーコストが占めている。こ
のため、品質と生産の安定という、工業的生産方式のメ
リットが発揮できる完全人工光利用方式の植物工場の実
用化を図るうえで、生産コストの中で占める割合が大き
い光放射エネルギーコストの引下げが重要な課題となっ
ている。本発明は前記問題点を解決できる植物の栽培方
法及び栽培装置を提供することを目的としている。Problems to be Solved by the Invention In a plant factory that uses completely artificial light, the cost of light radiant energy accounts for a large proportion of the production cost. For example, optical radiation energy can be kept relatively low.
Even when producing leafy vegetables such as saladana and lettuce, the electricity cost accounts for about 40% of the production cost, of which approximately To% is accounted for by the optical radiation energy cost. Therefore, in order to commercialize a plant factory that utilizes completely artificial light, which can take advantage of the advantages of industrial production methods such as stable quality and production, it is necessary to reduce the cost of light radiant energy, which accounts for a large proportion of production costs. has become an important issue. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for cultivating plants that can solve the above-mentioned problems.
課題を解決するための手段
前記課題を解決するため本発明は、ＰＡＲ（Ｐｈｏｔｏ
ｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉａａｌｌｙ Ａｃｔｉｖｅ Ｒａｄｉ
ａｔｉｏｎ。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the present invention utilizes PAR (Photo
SynthetiaAlly Active Radio
ation.
光合成有効光放射）、即ち４００〜７００ｎｍの波長域
を主波長とする光放射に、遠赤色光放射、即ち７００〜
ｓｏｏｎｍの波長域を主波長とする光放射を付加した光
放射環境の下で植物を生育することを特徴とした植物の
栽培方法及び栽培装置である。(photosynthetically effective light radiation), i.e., light radiation with a main wavelength in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm, far-red light radiation, i.e., 700 to 700 nm.
The present invention is a method and apparatus for cultivating plants, characterized in that plants are grown under a light radiation environment in which light radiation having a main wavelength in the soon wavelength range is added.
作用
前記構成によれば、植物の物質生産を制御する光合成の
観点からみて、有効であるとされるＰＡＲ光放射源のみ
の光放射環境の下での生育に比べ、７００〜ａｏｏｎｍ
の波長域を有する遠赤色光放射源からの照射に基づく光
形態形成作用によって、植物の生体重増加が加速され、
植物の生産所要期間が短縮され、生産コストに占める光
放射エネルギーコストの割合が改善される。Effect According to the above configuration, from the viewpoint of photosynthesis that controls material production in plants, compared to growth under a light radiation environment using only a PAR light radiation source, which is considered to be effective, the growth rate is 700~aoonm.
The photomorphogenic effect based on irradiation from a far-red light radiation source with a wavelength range of
The period required for plant production is shortened, and the ratio of light radiant energy costs to production costs is improved.
実施例
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。第１
図は本発明の植物栽培装置の一実施例を示している。Embodiments Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. 1st
The figure shows an embodiment of the plant cultivation device of the present invention.
風洞型グロースキャビネット１内には栽培室２と空気を
循環させるための風洞３とが設けられ、ファン４によっ
て空気が循環されると共に風速が調整される。温度調整
手段６、湿度調整手段６、Ｃ０２濃度調整手段７が設け
られ、グロースキャビネット１内の温度、湿度、ＣＯ２
濃度が調整される。A cultivation chamber 2 and a wind tunnel 3 for circulating air are provided in the wind tunnel type growth cabinet 1, and a fan 4 circulates the air and adjusts the wind speed. A temperature adjustment means 6, a humidity adjustment means 6, and a CO2 concentration adjustment means 7 are provided to control the temperature, humidity, and CO2 inside the growth cabinet 1.
The concentration is adjusted.
前記栽培室２内の上方にはＰ Ａ Ｒ（Ｐｈｏｔｏｓｙ
−ｎｔｈｅｔｉｃａｌｌｙ ＡＯｔｉＴ６ Ｒａｄｉ
ａｔｉｏｎ、光合成有効光放射）、即ち４００〜７００
ｎｍの波長域を主波長とする複数本のＰＡＲ照射用蛍光
ランプ８１Ｌおよび遠赤色光放射、即ち７００〜ａｏｏ
ｎｍの波長域を主波長とする複数本の遠赤色蛍光ランプ
８ｂが水平且つ並列に配設されている。遠赤色蛍光ラン
プ８ｂの配設本数は光放射エネルギーでＰＡＲ照射用蛍
光ランプ８ａの５チ以上になっておシ、各々個別に点滅
及び調光できるようになっている。また、これら蛍光ラ
ンプ８ａおよび８ｂの下方には保水性を備えた栽培ベツ
ド９が配設されている。栽培ベツド９には点滴方式で所
定量の培養液が与えられ、栽培ペッド９に栽培された植
物に水分と栄養分が供給される。Above the cultivation room 2 is a P A R (Photosy
-nthetically AOtiT6 Radi
ation, photosynthetically effective light radiation), i.e. 400-700
A plurality of fluorescent lamps 81L for PAR irradiation having a main wavelength in the wavelength range of nm and far-red light emission, i.e., 700~aoo
A plurality of far-red fluorescent lamps 8b having a main wavelength in the nm wavelength range are arranged horizontally and in parallel. The number of far-red fluorescent lamps 8b is 5 or more than the number of PAR irradiation fluorescent lamps 8a in terms of light radiant energy, and each can be blinked and dimmed individually. Furthermore, a cultivation bed 9 with water retention properties is arranged below these fluorescent lamps 8a and 8b. A predetermined amount of culture solution is given to the cultivation bed 9 by a drip method, and water and nutrients are supplied to the plants cultivated in the cultivation bed 9.
次に上記装置３基を用いて植物栽培を行った実験例につ
き説明する。Next, an experimental example in which plant cultivation was carried out using the three devices described above will be explained.
栽培植物ムとして自然光型環境制御温室内で１２日間育
苗したレタスを用いた。３基の上記装置のグロースキャ
ビネット１内には各々、第２図の点線で示す分光分布特
性をもつＰＡＲ照射用光源としての２０！３波長域発光
形蛍光ランプのみ１０本の配設、同じく前記２０Ｗ３波
長域発光形蛍光ランプ１０本に加え第２図の実線で示す
遠赤色光放射照射用光源としての２０！遠赤色蛍光ラン
プを１本および３本を配設した。またグロースキャビネ
ット１内へのレタス苗の移植後２日間は、新しい環境状
態に馴化させるため、基本光源となる前記２０！３波長
域発光形蛍光ランプ１０本のみで照射した。その後、２
０Ｗ３波長域発光形蛍光ランプ１０本のみで継続して照
射した状態で育生した場合と前記２０Ｗ３波長域発光形
蛍光ランプ１０本に２０！遠赤色蛍光ランプを１本およ
び３本を追加して点灯照射した状態で育生した場合につ
いてその生育状態を観察・比較した。As a cultivated plant, lettuce seedlings were grown for 12 days in a natural-light environment-controlled greenhouse. In each of the growth cabinets 1 of the three above-mentioned apparatuses, only ten 20!3 wavelength range emitting fluorescent lamps were installed as light sources for PAR irradiation having the spectral distribution characteristics shown by the dotted line in FIG. In addition to the 10 20W 3-wavelength fluorescent lamps, 20 ! One and three far-red fluorescent lamps were installed. In addition, for two days after transplanting the lettuce seedlings into the growth cabinet 1, in order to acclimatize them to the new environmental conditions, they were irradiated with only the 10 20!3 wavelength band emitting fluorescent lamps serving as the basic light source. After that, 2
When growing under continuous irradiation with only 10 0W 3 wavelength range fluorescent lamps, and 20% of the above 10 20W 3 wavelength range fluorescent lamps! The growth conditions were observed and compared when the plants were grown under the conditions where one and three far-red fluorescent lamps were additionally lit and irradiated.
各々のキャビネット内の光放射環境条件を第１表に示す
。また各々のキャビネット内は実験期間を通じて２４時
間の連続照射とし、気温は２５±３．０’Ｃ，相対湿度
は７６±１０’％に設定・保持した。キャビネット内に
おける栽培には培養液（人尿ハウス１号、２号）を用い
、植物の吸収等により減少した分は隔日に補給し、７日
毎に全量を交換した。さらに植物が光放射量、温度分布
等のバラツキの影響を受けないよう毎日並べ変えを行っ
た。The light emission environmental conditions within each cabinet are shown in Table 1. The inside of each cabinet was continuously irradiated for 24 hours throughout the experiment period, and the temperature was set and maintained at 25±3.0'C and relative humidity at 76±10'%. Culture solution (Human Urine House Nos. 1 and 2) was used for cultivation in the cabinet, and the amount reduced due to absorption by the plants was replenished every other day, and the entire amount was replaced every 7 days. Furthermore, the arrangement of the plants was rearranged every day to ensure that the plants were not affected by variations in the amount of light radiation, temperature distribution, etc.
実験結果を示すと第２表のようになる。バイオマス生産
に関しては、第２表に示すように、遠赤色蛍光ランプを
１本および２本付加した遠赤色光放射処理区では、遠赤
色光放射の照射を行わない対照区に対し、葉の生体重で
遠赤色光放射の照射処理後９日目に１．３倍および１．
７倍・１６６日目１．４倍および１．６倍、乾物重で９
日目に１．１倍および１．６倍、１５５日目１．２倍お
よび１．５倍となシ、遠赤色光放射照射処理を行うこと
によって、遠赤色光放射照射用光源の追加による消費電
力量を上回るバイオマス生産が得られ、生産コストに占
める光放射エネルギーコストの引下げができることが明
らかとなった。The experimental results are shown in Table 2. Regarding biomass production, as shown in Table 2, leaf growth in the far-red light irradiation treated plots with one and two far-red fluorescent lamps was lower than in the control plot that was not irradiated with far-red light radiation. Body weight increased by 1.3 times and 1.9 days after irradiation treatment with far-red light radiation.
7 times, 166th day 1.4 times and 1.6 times, dry weight 9
1.1 times and 1.6 times on the 155th day, 1.2 times and 1.5 times on the 155th day, and by adding a far-red light irradiation light source. It has become clear that biomass production can exceed the amount of electricity consumed, and that the cost of optical radiation energy, which accounts for production costs, can be reduced.
（以下余 白）
発明の効果
前記構成によれば、植物の物質生産を制御する光合成の
観点からみて、有効であるとされるＰＡＲ光放射源のみ
の光放射環境の下での生育に比べ、７００〜ａｏｏｎｍ
の波長域を有する遠赤色光放射源による光放射に基づく
光形態形成作用によって、植物の生体重増加が加速され
、植物の生産所要期間が短縮され、生産コストに占める
光放射エネルギーコストの割合が改善され、その効果は
大なるものである。(The following is a blank space) Effects of the invention According to the above configuration, compared to growing in a light radiation environment using only PAR light radiation source, which is considered to be effective from the viewpoint of photosynthesis that controls material production in plants, 700～aoonm
The photomorphogenetic action based on the light radiation from the far-red light radiation source with a wavelength range of The improvements have been made and the effects are significant.
第１図は本発明の〒実施例を示す栽培装置の概略側面図
、第２図は同栽培装置を用いた植物の生育実験に用いた
ＰＡＲ照射用蛍光ランプおよび遠赤色光放射照射用蛍光
ランプの分光分布特性図である。
８ａ・・・・・・ＰＡＲ照射用光源、８ｂ・・・・・・
遠赤色光放射照射用光源、９・・・・・・栽培ベツド、
ム・・・・・・植物。
代理人の氏名 弁理士 粟 野 重 孝 ほか１名（λ
九−FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a cultivation device showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a fluorescent lamp for PAR irradiation and a fluorescent lamp for irradiation of far-red light radiation used in a plant growth experiment using the same cultivation device. It is a spectral distribution characteristic diagram of. 8a...Light source for PAR irradiation, 8b...
Far-red light radiation irradiation light source, 9...Cultivation bed,
Mmm...plant. Name of agent: Patent attorney Shigetaka Awano and one other person (λ
Nine-
Claims (3)
ＡｃｔｉｖｅＲａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ、光合成有効光放射
）、即ち４００〜７００ｎｍの波長域を主波長とする光
放射に、遠赤色光放射、即ち７００〜８００ｎｍの波長
域を主波長とする光放射を付加した光放射環境の下で植
物を生育することを特徴とした植物の栽培方法。(1) PAR (Photosynthetically
Active Radiation (photosynthetically active radiation), i.e., optical radiation with a dominant wavelength in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm, and far-red radiation, i.e., optical radiation with a dominant wavelength in the wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm, is added to the optical radiation environment. A method of cultivating plants characterized by growing the plants under.
ルギーを１００とした場合、これに付加する７００〜８
００ｎｍの波長域を有する遠赤色光放射のエネルギーの
比率が略１以上１０以下であることを特徴とした請求項
１記載の植物の栽培方法。(2) If the PAR energy with a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm is 100, then 700 to 8
2. The method for cultivating plants according to claim 1, wherein the energy ratio of far-red light radiation having a wavelength range of 0.00 nm is approximately 1 or more and 10 or less.
ｍの波長域を主波長とする光放射を照射するＰＡＲ光放
射源及び７００〜８００ｎｍの波長域を主波長とする光
放射を照射する遠赤色光放射源を配設し、ＰＡＲ光放射
及び遠赤色光放射源を各々個別に点滅及び調光できるこ
とを特徴とする植物の栽培装置。(3) 400-700n as a light radiation source for plants
A PAR light radiation source that emits light radiation with a main wavelength in the wavelength range of A plant cultivation device characterized in that each of the red light radiation sources can be blinked and dimmed individually.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21032588A JPH0260527A (en) | 1988-08-24 | 1988-08-24 | Method for cultivating and apparatus therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21032588A JPH0260527A (en) | 1988-08-24 | 1988-08-24 | Method for cultivating and apparatus therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0260527A true JPH0260527A (en) | 1990-03-01 |
Family
ID=16587555
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21032588A Pending JPH0260527A (en) | 1988-08-24 | 1988-08-24 | Method for cultivating and apparatus therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0260527A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013046989A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | シャープ株式会社 | Illuminating device for plant cultivation, plant cultivation system and plant cultivation method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01273519A (en) * | 1988-04-27 | 1989-11-01 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Method for rearing plant |
-
1988
- 1988-08-24 JP JP21032588A patent/JPH0260527A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01273519A (en) * | 1988-04-27 | 1989-11-01 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Method for rearing plant |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013046989A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | シャープ株式会社 | Illuminating device for plant cultivation, plant cultivation system and plant cultivation method |
| CN103841818A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-06-04 | 夏普株式会社 | Illuminating device for plant cultivation, plant cultivation system and plant cultivation method |
| CN103841818B (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2016-10-19 | 夏普株式会社 | Plant culture illuminator, plant cultivation system and plant cultivation method |
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