JP2741927B2 - Film cartridge - Google Patents
Film cartridgeInfo
- Publication number
- JP2741927B2 JP2741927B2 JP1255670A JP25567089A JP2741927B2 JP 2741927 B2 JP2741927 B2 JP 2741927B2 JP 1255670 A JP1255670 A JP 1255670A JP 25567089 A JP25567089 A JP 25567089A JP 2741927 B2 JP2741927 B2 JP 2741927B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- entrance
- exit
- cartridge
- film entrance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は写真フイルムを光密に収納するフイルムカー
トリッジ，詳しくはフイルムカートリッジのフイルム出
入口の遮光構造に関するものである。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a film cartridge for accommodating a photographic film in a light-tight manner, and more particularly to a light-shielding structure at a film entrance and exit of the film cartridge.
現在簡単に入手でき最も普及しているフイルムカート
リッジは、国際標準規格（ISO 1007−1979年版）で定め
られた形状寸法を有するパトローネ入り135フイルム
（いわゆる35ミリフイルム）である。この35ミリフイル
ムのパトローネは、フイルムが巻き付けられた樹脂製の
スプールを金属製のパトローネ胴体に収納したものであ
る。このパトローネ胴体のフイルム出入口には、テレン
プと呼ばれる遮光部材が取り付けられており、この隙間
からフイルムの出し入れが行われている。At present, the most popular and most popular film cartridge is a 135-film film with a patrone (so-called 35 mm film) having a shape and a size determined by an international standard (ISO 1007-1979 edition). This 35-mm film patrone is one in which a resin spool around which the film is wound is housed in a metal patrone body. A light-shielding member called telemp is attached to the film entrance of the patrone body, and the film is taken in and out through this gap.
しかしながら、このような構造のパトローネでは、露
光後にフイルム全長をパトローネ胴体内に巻き込んだ時
にテレンプの間に隙間が形成され、光密不良が起きるこ
とがあり、また、テレンプに埃等の異物が付着しやすい
ので、巻き戻し中のフイルムに擦過傷が付くことがあ
り、また、フイルムの引き出し抵抗が大きいことなどの
問題があった。However, in a patrone having such a structure, when the entire length of the film is rolled into the patrone body after exposure, a gap is formed between the telemps, which may cause poor light tightness. However, there is a problem in that the film being rewound may be scratched, and the resistance to pulling out the film is large.
本発明は以上のような問題点を解決し、フイルムを出
し入れする際にはフイルムになんらの抵抗もかけること
なく、また、フイルムの収納時にはフイルムを光密に保
護することができるようにしたフイルムカートリッジを
提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a film that can protect a film light-tightly when the film is stored without applying any resistance to the film when taking the film in and out. It is intended to provide a cartridge.
本発明のフイルムカートリッジは、スリット状のフイ
ルム出入口が形成され、写真フイルムを収納したカート
リッジ本体と、前記フイルム出入口と平行な軸を中心と
してフイルム出入口の奥に回動自在に設けられ、回動す
ることによってフイルム出入口の開閉を行うフイルム出
入口と平行な方向に長い棒状のフイルム出入口遮光部材
とを備えたフイルムカートリッジにおいて、前記フイル
ム出入口遮光部材と一体に形成した端部をカートリッジ
本体の側面に回動自在に露呈させ、前記端部に外部の回
動手段と連結される連結部を形成するとともに、前記フ
イルム出入口遮光部材は、フイルム出入口を閉じた閉状
態でフイルムと対向する面が、フイルム出入口を開いた
開状態では、フイルム通路の一部を構成するものであ
る。The film cartridge of the present invention is provided with a slit-shaped film entrance and exit, and is provided rotatably at the back of the film entrance and exit centering on an axis parallel to the film entrance and the cartridge body storing the photo film. A film cartridge having a long film-shaped film entrance / exit light-shielding member extending in a direction parallel to the film entrance / exit which opens and closes the film entrance / exit, the end formed integrally with the film entrance / exit light-shielding member is pivoted to the side of the cartridge body. The film entrance / exit light-shielding member is formed such that the surface facing the film in a closed state where the film entrance / exit is closed, the film entrance / exit is formed with a film entrance / exit. In the open state, it constitutes a part of the film passage.
上記構成によれば、フイルム出入口遮光部材の端部に
形成された連結部がカートリッジ本体の外部の回動手段
と連結した後、回動手段によってフイルム出入口遮光部
材が回動されると、フイルム出入口が開状態になる。こ
れにより、フイルムはなんらの抵抗も受けることなく、
スムーズに出し入れされる。また、全てのフイルムをカ
ートリッジ本体内に収納した後、端部の連結部に連結し
た回動手段によってフイルム出入口遮光部材が回動さ
れ、フイルム出入口が閉状態にされる。これにより、カ
ートリッジ本体内のフイルムは光密に保護される。According to the above configuration, after the connecting portion formed at the end of the film entrance / exit light-shielding member is connected to the rotating means outside the cartridge main body, when the film entrance / exit light-shielding member is rotated by the rotating means, the film entrance / exit is opened. Is opened. As a result, the film does not receive any resistance,
It goes in and out smoothly. After all the films are stored in the cartridge body, the film entrance / exit light-shielding member is rotated by the rotation means connected to the connecting portion at the end, and the film entrance / exit is closed. As a result, the film in the cartridge body is light-tightly protected.
以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施例について詳細に
説明する。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
本発明の一実施例のカートリッジ１の外観を示す第１
図において、カートリッジ１の本体部２は遮光性のプラ
スチックで一体成形されており、スリット状のフイルム
出入口４が形成されている。本体部２の内部には、フイ
ルム５（第２図参照）を巻き付けたスプール６が回動自
在に取り付けられ、また、前記フイルム出入口４の奥に
は、フイルム出入口と平行な軸を中心に所定の角度，例
えば90度回転させることによってフイルム出入口４を開
閉する棒状のフイルム出入口遮光部材８が回動自在に取
り付けられている。このフイルム出入口遮光部材８の端
部8aには、カメラ側の回動手段であるフイルム出入口開
閉機構と連結される連結部であるキー９が形成されてお
り、端部8aの周りにはフイルム出入口遮光部材８のスト
ップ位置を規定するための凸部10及びこれに対応した凹
部2a,2bが設けられている。FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the external appearance of the cartridge 1 according to the present invention.
In the figure, a main body 2 of a cartridge 1 is integrally formed of a light-shielding plastic, and a slit-like film entrance 4 is formed. A spool 6 around which a film 5 (see FIG. 2) is wound is attached rotatably inside the main body 2, and a predetermined position is provided at the back of the film entrance 4 about an axis parallel to the film entrance. A bar-shaped film entrance / exit light shielding member 8 that opens and closes the film entrance / exit 4 by rotating the film entrance / exit 4 by an angle of, for example, 90 degrees. At the end 8a of the film entrance / exit light-shielding member 8, a key 9 is formed as a connecting portion which is connected to a film entrance / exit opening / closing mechanism which is a rotating means on the camera side, and around the end 8a, the film entrance / exit is provided. A convex portion 10 for defining a stop position of the light shielding member 8 and concave portions 2a and 2b corresponding thereto are provided.
フイルム出入口遮光部材８のフイルム出入口４に対応
した中央部8bは、第２図に示すように、扇形の断面を有
しており、フイルム５がフイルム出入口４へ向かう途中
に通されるフイルム通路2cの中間部に設けられ、フイル
ム出入口４と平行に形成されたトンネル状の溝2dに遊挿
されている。中央部8bは、これと一体に形成された端部
8aを回すことによって回転される。As shown in FIG. 2, a central portion 8b of the film entrance / exit light-shielding member 8 corresponding to the film entrance 4 has a fan-shaped cross section, and a film passage 2c through which the film 5 passes on its way to the film entrance 4. Is inserted in a tunnel-shaped groove 2d formed in parallel with the film entrance 4. The central portion 8b is an end formed integrally therewith.
Rotated by turning 8a.
端部8aを回転させ、凸部10が凹部2aに係合した状態で
は、中央部8bは第２図（Ａ）に示す位置にあり、フイル
ム出入口４を遮光してフイルム５が光密に保護してい
る。また、凸部10が凹部2bに係合した状態では、中央部
8bは同図（Ｂ）に示す位置にあり、フイルム出入口４の
遮光を解除するので、フイルム５はなんらの抵抗も受け
ることなく、フイルム通路2cをスムーズに通過すること
ができる。When the end portion 8a is rotated and the convex portion 10 is engaged with the concave portion 2a, the central portion 8b is at the position shown in FIG. 2 (A), and the film entrance 4 is shielded from light and the film 5 is protected from light. doing. In the state where the convex portion 10 is engaged with the concave portion 2b, the central portion
8b is at the position shown in FIG. 7B, and the light blocking of the film entrance 4 is released, so that the film 5 can pass through the film passage 2c smoothly without receiving any resistance.
本体部２の内壁の両端には、フイルム５の両縁部をス
プール６側に押圧してフイルム５の巻き弛みを防止し、
スプール６の回転力をフイルムリーダ部5aまで伝達する
ための板バネ12,13が設けられている。この板バネ12,13
のフイルム５に接触する面には、滑性層14,15が設けら
れており、この滑性層14,15とフイルム５のベース面と
の摩擦がスプール６に巻き回されたフイルム５同士の摩
擦より小さくなっている。At both ends of the inner wall of the main body 2, both edges of the film 5 are pressed toward the spool 6 to prevent the film 5 from winding and loosening,
Leaf springs 12 and 13 for transmitting the rotational force of the spool 6 to the film reader 5a are provided. This leaf spring 12,13
The surfaces of the films 5 wound around the spool 6 are provided with lubricating layers 14 and 15 on the surface of the film 5 which comes into contact with the film 5. It is smaller than friction.
なお、フイルム５のフイルムリーダ部5aの端部は屈曲
されるとともに、その近傍には開口17が設けられてい
る。そして、フイルム出入口４の近傍のフイルム通路2c
には、開口17と係合してフイルムリーダ部5aの引き込み
を阻止する係止突起18が形成されている。The end of the film leader 5a of the film 5 is bent, and an opening 17 is provided in the vicinity thereof. The film passage 2c near the film entrance 4
Is formed with a locking projection 18 which engages with the opening 17 to prevent the film leader 5a from being pulled in.
以上のように構成されたカートリッジ１の作用を説明
する。カートリッジ１をカメラのカートリッジ室（図示
せず）に装填すると、スプール６がスプール駆動用フォ
ークに連結されるとともに、フイルム出入口遮光部材８
の端部8aがキー９を介してフイルム出入口開閉駆動機構
に連結される。つぎに、カメラの裏蓋を閉じると、これ
と連動してフイルム出入口遮光部材８がフイルム出入口
開閉駆動軸によって回転され、凸部10が凹部2aから凹部
2bへ移動される。これによって、フイルム出入口遮光部
材８は回転され、フイルム出入口４は第２図（Ａ）に示
す閉状態から同図（Ｂ）に示す開状態に移行される。The operation of the cartridge 1 configured as described above will be described. When the cartridge 1 is loaded into a cartridge chamber (not shown) of the camera, the spool 6 is connected to the spool driving fork, and the film entrance / exit light shielding member 8 is connected.
Is connected to a film door opening / closing drive mechanism via a key 9. Next, when the back cover of the camera is closed, the film entrance / exit light blocking member 8 is rotated by the film entrance / exit opening / closing drive shaft in conjunction therewith, and the convex portion 10 is moved from the concave portion 2a to the concave portion.
Moved to 2b. As a result, the film entrance / exit light blocking member 8 is rotated, and the film entrance / exit 4 is shifted from the closed state shown in FIG. 2 (A) to the open state shown in FIG. 2 (B).
続いてスプール駆動用フォークがスプール６を回転さ
せると、同図（Ｂ）に示すように、フイルムリーダ部5
a,これに続いてフイルム５がフイルム出入口４から本体
部２の外部へ送り出される。フイルムリーダ部5aが巻取
り室に達すると、巻取りスプールが主導となってフイル
ム５が移送されるようになる。この後、１コマ目がアパ
ーチュアに自動的にセットされ、撮影が行われる。Subsequently, when the spool driving fork rotates the spool 6, as shown in FIG.
a, Subsequently, the film 5 is sent out of the main body 2 through the film entrance 4. When the film leader 5a reaches the take-up chamber, the take-up spool takes the initiative and the film 5 is transferred. Thereafter, the first frame is automatically set to the aperture, and the photographing is performed.
撮影が完了すると、スプール駆動用フォークが巻戻し
方向に回転され、フイルム５が巻き戻されて本体部２内
に収納される。このとき、フイルムリーダ部5aの端部が
屈曲されているので、開口17は上方へ付勢され、開口17
は係止突起18と係合してフイルムリーダ部5aが同図
（Ａ）に示す位置に係止される。裏蓋の開動作に連動し
てフイルム出入口開閉駆動軸が駆動され、フイルム出入
口遮光部材８は回動される。凸部10が凹部2bから凹部2a
に係合する位置に戻されると、同図（Ａ）に示すよう
に、フイルム出入口４はフイルム出入口遮光部材８によ
って光密に閉じられる。これによって、カートリッジ１
を安全に回収することができる。When the photographing is completed, the spool driving fork is rotated in the rewinding direction, and the film 5 is rewound and stored in the main body 2. At this time, since the end of the film leader 5a is bent, the opening 17 is urged upward, and
Engages with the locking projection 18 to lock the film leader 5a at the position shown in FIG. The opening / closing drive shaft of the film entrance / exit is driven in conjunction with the opening operation of the back cover, and the film entrance / exit light shielding member 8 is rotated. The convex portion 10 moves from the concave portion 2b to the concave portion 2a.
When the film is returned to the position where it is engaged, the film entrance 4 is closed in a light-tight manner by the film entrance / exit light shielding member 8 as shown in FIG. Thereby, the cartridge 1
Can be safely recovered.
以上説明した実施例によれば、フイルム出入口の開閉
に際してカートリッジの外形に全く変化がないので、カ
メラのカートリッジ室にフイルム出入口開閉用スペース
を設ける必要がない。また、フイルム出入口を開閉する
ためのカメラ側の機構は、フイルム出入口遮光部材の端
部を所定の角度だけ回転させる極めて簡単なものでよい
ため、本発明のフイルムカートリッジを装填するカメラ
を従来より大きくしたり、フイルム出入口を開閉するた
めの複雑な機構を設ける必要がなく、むしろスプロケッ
ト等のフイルム初期送り機構を省略することができるな
ど、カメラの小型化にも寄与することができる。According to the above-described embodiment, since there is no change in the outer shape of the cartridge when opening and closing the film entrance, there is no need to provide a space for opening and closing the film entrance in the cartridge chamber of the camera. Further, since the mechanism on the camera side for opening and closing the film entrance may be a very simple mechanism for rotating the end of the film entrance / exit light-shielding member by a predetermined angle, the camera for loading the film cartridge of the present invention is larger than before. It is not necessary to provide a complicated mechanism for opening and closing the film entrance and exit, and it is possible to contribute to downsizing of the camera, for example, it is possible to omit a film initial feed mechanism such as a sprocket.
つぎに、フイルム出入口の遮光部材の他の実施例を第
３図を参照して説明する。フイルム出入口遮光部材21
は、前記フイルム出入口遮光部材８と異なって板状であ
り、同図（Ａ）に示す閉状態ではフイルム５をフイルム
通路23の壁面23aとの間に挟み込み、内部に収納された
フイルム５を光密に保護する。また、フイルム出入口遮
光部材21が同図（Ａ）に示す位置から90度回転される
と、同図（Ｂ）に示すように、フイルム出入口24の遮光
が解除される。Next, another embodiment of the light blocking member at the film entrance will be described with reference to FIG. Film entrance / exit light blocking member 21
Is a plate-shaped member different from the film entrance / exit light-blocking member 8, and in the closed state shown in FIG. 4A, the film 5 is sandwiched between the film 5 and the wall surface 23a of the film passage 23, and the film 5 housed therein is lighted. Protect closely. When the film entrance / exit light-shielding member 21 is rotated 90 degrees from the position shown in FIG. 7A, as shown in FIG.
ここで、フイルム出入口24はフイルム５が余裕をもっ
て通過できるだけのサイズに設定されているので、フイ
ルム出入口遮光部材21が同図（Ｂ）に示す位置にあると
きには、フイルム５はなんらの抵抗も受けず、また、擦
過傷等が付くことなく、スムーズに出し入れされる。な
お、前実施例と同様な係止突起25によってフイルム５の
過度な巻き込みが阻止されており、フイルム５をフイル
ム出入口24から外部へ送り出す際の確実性を向上させて
いる。Here, since the film entrance 24 is set to a size that allows the film 5 to pass with a margin, the film 5 does not receive any resistance when the film entrance / exit light shielding member 21 is at the position shown in FIG. Also, it can be smoothly put in and out without scratches or the like. It is to be noted that the film 5 is prevented from being excessively entangled by the locking projection 25 similar to that of the previous embodiment, thereby improving the reliability when the film 5 is sent out from the film entrance 24 to the outside.
上述のように、本発明のフイルムカートリッジによれ
ば、フイルム出入口遮光部材と一体に形成した端部をカ
ートリッジ本体の側面に回動自在に露呈させ、前記端部
に外部の回動手段と連結される連結部を形成したので、
単純な機構で確実にフイルム出入口を遮光，遮光解除さ
せることができるとともに、フイルムを出し入れする際
にはフイルムになんらの抵抗もかけることなく、また、
フイルムの収納時にはフイルムを光密に保護することが
できる。また、カメラ側の機構は、フイルム出入口遮光
部材の連結部に連結して端部を回動させるだけの簡単な
回動手段で済むので、カメラを複雑化させてコスト高に
させることがない。As described above, according to the film cartridge of the present invention, the end formed integrally with the film entrance / exit light-blocking member is rotatably exposed to the side surface of the cartridge body, and the end is connected to the external turning means. Formed a connecting part
With a simple mechanism, the film entrance and exit can be reliably blocked and unblocked, and when the film is taken in and out, no resistance is applied to the film.
When the film is stored, the film can be protected from light. Further, since the mechanism on the camera side requires only a simple rotating means which is connected to the connecting portion of the film entrance / exit light shielding member and only rotates the end portion, the camera is not complicated and the cost is not increased.
また、前記フイルム出入口遮光部材は、フイルム出入
口を閉じた閉状態でフイルムと対向する面が、フイルム
出入口を開いた開状態では、フイルム通路の一部を構成
するので、フイルム通路にフイルム出入口遮光部材を取
り付けるための大きなスペースが不要になり、カートリ
ッジ本体の小型化に寄与できる。Further, the film entrance / exit light-shielding member is configured such that a surface facing the film in a closed state where the film entrance / exit is closed forms a part of a film passage when the film entrance / exit is opened. This eliminates the need for a large space for mounting the cartridge, and contributes to downsizing of the cartridge body.
第１図は、本発明の実施例の外観を示す斜視図である。 第２図（Ａ）は、第１図に示した実施例のフイルム出入
口が遮光された状態を示す端面図である。 第２図（Ｂ）は、第１図に示した実施例のフイルム出入
口の遮光が解除された状態を示す端面図である。 第３図（Ａ），（Ｂ）は、フイルム出入口を開閉する遮
光部材の他の実施例を示す端面図である。 １……カートリッジ ２……本体部 2a,2b……凹部 2c,23……フイルム通路 2d……溝 4,24……フイルム出入口 ５……フイルム ６……スプール 8,21……フイルム出入口遮光部材 10……凸部 12,13……板バネ 18,25……係止突起。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A is an end view showing a state in which the film entrance and exit of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are shielded from light. FIG. 2 (B) is an end view showing a state in which light blocking of the film entrance and exit of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is released. FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B) are end views showing another embodiment of the light shielding member for opening and closing the film entrance. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cartridge 2 ... Body part 2a, 2b ... Recess 2c, 23 ... Film passage 2d ... Groove 4, 24 ... Film entrance 5 ... Film 6 ... Spool 8, 21 ... Film entrance / exit light shielding member 10 Projection 12, 13 Leaf spring 18, 25 Locking projection.
Claims (1)
写真フイルムを収納したカートリッジ本体と、前記フイ
ルム出入口と平行な軸を中心としてフイルム出入口の奥
に回動自在に設けられ、回動することによってフイルム
出入口の開閉を行うフイルム出入口と平行な方向に長い
棒状のフイルム出入口遮光部材とを備えたフイルムカー
トリッジにおいて、 前記フイルム出入口遮光部材と一体に形成した端部をカ
ートリッジ本体の側面に回動自在に露呈させ、前記端部
に外部の回動手段と連結される連結部を形成するととも
に、前記フイルム出入口遮光部材は、フイルム出入口を
閉じた閉状態でフイルムと対向する面が、フイルム出入
口を開いた開状態では、フイルム通路の一部を構成する
ことを特徴とするフイルムカートリッジ。1. A slit-like film doorway is formed,
A cartridge main body containing a photo film and a film main body which is rotatably provided at the back of the film main body about an axis parallel to the film main body, and which is rotated in a direction parallel to the film main body to open and close the film main body. In a film cartridge provided with a rod-shaped film entrance / exit light-shielding member, an end formed integrally with the film entrance / exit light-shielding member is rotatably exposed to a side surface of the cartridge body, and the end is connected to an external rotating means. The film entrance / exit light-blocking member is configured such that a surface facing the film in a closed state where the film entrance / exit is closed forms a part of a film passage when the film entrance / exit is opened. Characteristic film cartridge.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1255670A JP2741927B2 (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1989-09-29 | Film cartridge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1255670A JP2741927B2 (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1989-09-29 | Film cartridge |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03116136A JPH03116136A (en) | 1991-05-17 |
| JP2741927B2 true JP2741927B2 (en) | 1998-04-22 |
Family
ID=17281987
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1255670A Expired - Lifetime JP2741927B2 (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1989-09-29 | Film cartridge |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2741927B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2846982B2 (en) * | 1991-07-17 | 1999-01-13 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Photo film patrone |
| US5369457A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-11-29 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Patrone |
| JP2801131B2 (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1998-09-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | Camera and film cartridge loading device |
| JP2844064B2 (en) * | 1997-07-16 | 1999-01-06 | コニカ株式会社 | Photographic film cartridge |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4860037A (en) | 1988-09-12 | 1989-08-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Film cassette with magnetic film leader |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2745615B2 (en) * | 1989-01-05 | 1998-04-28 | ミノルタ株式会社 | Film cartridge |
-
1989
- 1989-09-29 JP JP1255670A patent/JP2741927B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4860037A (en) | 1988-09-12 | 1989-08-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Film cassette with magnetic film leader |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH03116136A (en) | 1991-05-17 |
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