JP2737697B2 - Driving method of gas discharge display panel - Google Patents

Driving method of gas discharge display panel

Info

Publication number
JP2737697B2
JP2737697B2 JP12764095A JP12764095A JP2737697B2 JP 2737697 B2 JP2737697 B2 JP 2737697B2 JP 12764095 A JP12764095 A JP 12764095A JP 12764095 A JP12764095 A JP 12764095A JP 2737697 B2 JP2737697 B2 JP 2737697B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
discharge
display panel
address
time
driving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP12764095A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH08320668A (en
Inventor
俊博 吉岡
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NEC Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Electric Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP12764095A priority Critical patent/JP2737697B2/en
Publication of JPH08320668A publication Critical patent/JPH08320668A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2737697B2 publication Critical patent/JP2737697B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2018Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals
    • G09G3/2022Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/28Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
    • G09G3/288Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels
    • G09G3/291Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels controlling the gas discharge to control a cell condition, e.g. by means of specific pulse shapes
    • G09G3/294Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels controlling the gas discharge to control a cell condition, e.g. by means of specific pulse shapes for lighting or sustain discharge
    • G09G3/2948Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels controlling the gas discharge to control a cell condition, e.g. by means of specific pulse shapes for lighting or sustain discharge by increasing the total sustaining time with respect to other times in the frame
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/04Partial updating of the display screen

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Control Of Gas Discharge Display Tubes (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、表示デバイスなどに用
いるガス放電表示パネルに関し、更に詳しくは、特に大
容量の表示デバイスにおいて良好な表示品位を得ること
を可能にする交流駆動型ガス放電表示パネルの駆動方法
に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gas discharge display panel used for a display device or the like, and more particularly, to an AC drive type gas discharge display which can obtain a good display quality especially in a large capacity display device. The present invention relates to a method for driving a panel.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】一般的なガス放電表示パネルの構成につ
いて図6を参照して説明する。同図において、ドットマ
トリクス表示用のプラズマディスプレイパネル(PD
P)は、一方の絶縁基板上に相互に平行に配列された走
査電極群SC1、SC2、…、SCN及び維持電極群Su1、S
u2、・・・、SuNから成る行電極群と、他方の絶縁基板上
にこれら行電極群と直交(交差)して配列されたデータ
電極群D1、D2、…、DMとを備え、各放電セル11は
各電極の交差部分にN行×M列のマトリックス状に配置
される。
2. Description of the Related Art The structure of a general gas discharge display panel will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, a plasma display panel (PD) for dot matrix display is shown.
P) are scan electrode groups S C1 , S C2 ,..., S CN and sustain electrode groups S u1 , S S arranged in parallel with each other on one insulating substrate.
u2, · · ·, and the row electrode group consisting of S uN, on the other insulating substrate perpendicular to these group of row electrodes (crossing) to the data electrode group D 1 has been arranged, D 2, ..., and D M The discharge cells 11 are arranged in a matrix of N rows × M columns at the intersections of the electrodes.

【0003】図6のガス放電表示パネルでは、線順次走
査によって発光セルの選択を行うと共にサブフィールド
法による階調制御を行い、画像を表示している。この場
合、相互に直交した少なくとも2つの電極群を線順次に
走査し、そのサブフィールド内で発光させる放電セルを
選択的に放電させる。この選択的な放電は、書込み放電
を選択的に起こさせることによって得られ、書込み放電
に用いる相互に直交した走査電極SC1、SC2、・・・、
CN及びデータ電極間D1、D2、・・・DMに所定の走
査電圧と選択的データ電圧とを印加している。この書込
み放電電圧印加時間は、選択された全ての放電セルに書
込み放電が確実に発生するような充分な長さに設定され
ている。
In the gas discharge display panel shown in FIG. 6, an image is displayed by selecting a light emitting cell by line-sequential scanning and performing gradation control by a subfield method. In this case, at least two mutually orthogonal electrode groups are scanned in a line-sequential manner, and discharge cells that emit light within the subfield are selectively discharged. This selective discharge is obtained by selectively causing an address discharge, and mutually orthogonal scan electrodes S C1 , S C2 ,.
A predetermined scanning voltage and a selective data voltage are applied to S CN and data electrodes D 1 , D 2 ,..., D M. The address discharge voltage application time is set to a sufficient length so that the address discharge is reliably generated in all the selected discharge cells.

【0004】図7(a)は、上記構成のガス放電表示パ
ネルの駆動方法を示す、駆動電圧波形のタイミングチャ
ートである。1サブフィールド12は書込み放電期間1
3及び維持放電期間14から成り、書込み放電期間13
の長さは、走査電極本数(N)及び各走査電極毎の書込
み電圧印加時間(tpw)によりN×tpwと表わされる。
従って、1フレームを構成するサブフィールド数をFと
すると、書込み放電に割り当てられる全体期間Twは、 Tw=N×tpw×F である。
FIG. 7A is a timing chart of driving voltage waveforms showing a method of driving the gas discharge display panel having the above-described structure. One subfield 12 is for the address discharge period 1
3 and a sustain discharge period 14, and an address discharge period 13
Is expressed as N × tpw by the number of scanning electrodes (N) and the writing voltage application time ( tpw ) for each scanning electrode.
Therefore, when the number of subfields constituting one frame is F, the overall period T w allocated to writing discharge is T w = N × t pw × F.

【0005】図7(b)は、1フレームの全体構成を示
すタイミングチャートで、フィールド数Fが6、即ち、
階調表示が64階調(26)の場合を示している。1フ
レームの周期T0は、6回の書込み放電期間13と、対
応する各維持放電期間14とから成る。各サブフィール
ド期間12の維持放電期間14は、同図に示すように長
さの比率が20〜25と設定されており、1フィールドに
おけるセルの発光時間を選定することで輝度を制御して
いる。ここで、各書込み放電電圧印加時間tpwが大きく
なると前式の通り書込み期間Twも大きくなり、1フレ
ームの周期T0の内、維持放電のために割ける時間(T0
−TW)が圧迫される。
FIG. 7B is a timing chart showing the entire structure of one frame, in which the number of fields F is 6, ie,
The case where the gradation display is 64 gradations (2 6 ) is shown. The cycle T 0 of one frame includes six address discharge periods 13 and corresponding sustain discharge periods 14. Sustain discharge period 14 of each subfield 12 is the ratio of as long shown in the figure is set to 2 0-2 5 controls the brightness by selecting the light emission time of the cells in one field ing. Here, as the address discharge voltage application time tpw increases, the address period Tw also increases as in the previous equation, and the time (T 0) for the sustain discharge in the period T 0 of one frame.
−T W ).

【0006】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記ガス放電表示パネ
ルの駆動方法においては、書込み放電電圧印加時間tpw
を大きくとると、特に大表示容量のため走査線数が多
く、また、階調数も多いガス放電表示パネルでは、維持
放電期間のために充分な長さを得ることが困難となり、
必要な輝度が得られないという問題がある。この場合、
実用上充分な輝度が得られないだけではなく、正常な表
示動作を保障することすら困難になる。
In the above-described method for driving a gas discharge display panel, the write discharge voltage application time tpw
Is large, especially in a gas discharge display panel having a large number of scanning lines due to a large display capacity and a large number of gradations, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient length for a sustain discharge period,
There is a problem that required luminance cannot be obtained. in this case,
Not only is it not possible to obtain sufficient luminance for practical use, but also it is difficult to guarantee a normal display operation.

【0007】本発明の目的は、表示容量や階調数が大き
くとも、正常な書込み放電動作と充分な維持放電期間と
が得られるので、良好な画像表示及び充分な輝度が容易
に得られるガス放電表示パネルの駆動方法を提供するこ
とにある。
An object of the present invention is to provide a normal address discharge operation and a sufficient sustain discharge period even if the display capacity and the number of gradations are large, so that a gas which can easily obtain a good image display and a sufficient luminance can be obtained. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for driving a discharge display panel.

【0008】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するた
め、本発明のガス放電表示パネルの駆動方法は、複数の
走査電極と複数のデータ電極との各交差部分に放電セル
を行列状に配設し、前記走査電極に線順次に走査パルス
を印加しつつ前記データ電極に選択的なデータパルスを
印加する書込み放電期間を設け、前記放電セルの選択的
な書込み放電に従って画像を表示する、ガス放電表示パ
ネルの駆動方法において、前記走査パルスと前記データ
パルスとが同時に印加される書込み放電電圧の印加時間
が、該書込み放電電圧の印加時刻に依存して異なるよう
に制御することを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, a method of driving a gas discharge display panel according to the present invention comprises disposing discharge cells in a matrix at each intersection between a plurality of scan electrodes and a plurality of data electrodes. Providing a write discharge period for applying a selective data pulse to the data electrode while applying a scan pulse line-sequentially to the scan electrode, and displaying an image according to the selective write discharge of the discharge cell. In the method for driving a discharge display panel, the application time of the address discharge voltage to which the scan pulse and the data pulse are applied simultaneously is controlled to be different depending on the application time of the address discharge voltage. .

【0009】ここで、本発明のガス放電表示パネルの駆
動方法では、対象とするガス放電表示パネルの形式に特
に制限はなく、選択的な書込み放電を行って発光セルを
選択する形式のガス放電表示パネルであればいかなる形
式のものでもよい。しかし、本発明の駆動方法は、プラ
イミング放電を発生させる形式のガス放電表示パネルの
駆動方法に特に好適に適用される。
Here, in the driving method of the gas discharge display panel of the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the type of the target gas discharge display panel, and the gas discharge of the type in which light-emitting cells are selected by performing selective address discharge. Any type of display panel may be used. However, the driving method of the present invention is particularly suitably applied to a driving method of a gas discharge display panel that generates a priming discharge.

【0010】本発明のガス放電表示パネルの駆動方法に
おいては、上記書込み放電電圧の印加時間は、書込み放
電に先立って例えばプライミング放電が行われる場合に
は、(1)そのプライミング放電の終了時刻から書込み
放電電圧の印加時刻迄の経過時間の大きな放電セルほど
書込み放電電圧の印加時間を長く設定すること、(2)
放電セルを走査電極に沿う複数のブロックに分け、該ブ
ロック毎に書込み放電電圧の印加時間を選択し、プライ
ミング放電終了時刻から書込み放電電圧の印加時刻迄の
経過時間の大きな放電セルを含むブロックほど書込み放
電電圧の印加時間を長く設定すること、或いは、(3)
複数回の書込み放電期間毎に1回のプライミング放電を
発生させる駆動方法を採用する場合には、該プライミン
グ放電の終了時刻から書込み放電期間迄の経過時間が長
い書込み放電期間ほど、書込み放電電圧の印加時間を長
く設定することが好ましい。
In the method of driving a gas discharge display panel according to the present invention, the application time of the address discharge voltage is, for example, when a priming discharge is performed prior to the address discharge, (1) from the end time of the priming discharge. (2) setting the application time of the address discharge voltage to be longer for discharge cells having a longer elapsed time until the application time of the address discharge voltage;
The discharge cell is divided into a plurality of blocks along the scan electrode, and the application time of the address discharge voltage is selected for each block. The block including the discharge cell having a large elapsed time from the priming discharge end time to the application time of the address discharge voltage is selected. Setting a longer application time of the write discharge voltage, or (3)
In the case of employing a driving method in which one priming discharge is generated for each of a plurality of address discharge periods, the longer the elapsed time from the end time of the priming discharge to the address discharge period, the longer the address discharge period. It is preferable to set the application time to be long.

【0011】また、本発明では、上記(1)又は(2)
の構成と(3)の構成とを組合せることも好ましい態様
である。
In the present invention, the above (1) or (2)
It is also a preferable embodiment to combine the configuration of (3) and the configuration of (3).

【0012】[0012]

【作用】一般に、ガス放電表示パネルでは、線順次走査
によって発光(放電)セルを選択すると共にサブフィー
ルド法による階調制御を採用し、所望の画像表示を行な
う。つまり、1画面の書き換えで、1つの放電セルにつ
いて最大ではサブフィールドの数だけの書込み回数が必
要となる。ここで、特に表示容量が大きなガス放電表示
パネルでは、短い時間で確実に書込み放電を発生させる
ことが良好な表示品質のために重要となる。このため、
放電電極が露出した直流駆動型ガス放電表示パネルでは
表示放電の他に種火放電を利用することが多く、また、
少なくとも一部の放電電極が誘電体で覆われている交流
駆動型ガス放電表示パネルでは、書込み放電を発生しや
すくするプライミング放電を利用している。プライミン
グ放電は、放電を起こりやすくする電子、イオン、或い
は励起原子又は分子を放電セル内に供給する役割を果た
している。
Generally, in a gas discharge display panel, a desired image is displayed by selecting a light emitting (discharge) cell by line-sequential scanning and employing gradation control by a subfield method. In other words, rewriting of one screen requires a maximum number of writing times for one discharge cell as many as the number of subfields. Here, particularly in a gas discharge display panel having a large display capacity, it is important to reliably generate an address discharge in a short time for good display quality. For this reason,
DC drive type gas discharge display panels with exposed discharge electrodes often use pilot discharges in addition to display discharges.
In an AC-driven gas discharge display panel in which at least a part of the discharge electrodes is covered with a dielectric, a priming discharge that makes it easier to generate an address discharge is used. The priming discharge plays a role of supplying electrons, ions, or excited atoms or molecules that facilitate the discharge into the discharge cells.

【0013】放電の発生は、確率的な要因を含んでお
り、放電電極間に書込み放電電圧を印加し始めてから書
込み放電が現実に発生するまでの時間は統計的にばらつ
いている。従って、所定振幅の電圧を印加した場合にお
ける放電発生の有無は確率的であり、パルス幅が大きい
ほど放電の発生はより確実となる。書込み放電電圧のパ
ルス幅tpwと放電の発生確率Pとの間には、電圧を印加
してから単位時間内に放電が発生する割合であって電圧
を印加したときの放電セルの状態によって定まる、放電
の起り易さを示す定数kを用いて、次式 P=1−exp{−k・(tpw−tf)}・・・・・・(式1) で示される関係がある(但し、tpw<tfの場合には、
P=0)。ここで、tfは放電セルの構造やガス組成に
よって決まる放電遅れ時間である。ガス放電表示パネル
では、書込み放電時の放電の発生確率を充分に1に近く
することにより良好な表示を得ることができる。そのた
めには、与えられたtfやkに対して充分に大きなパル
ス幅の書込み放電電圧を印加する必要がある。
The occurrence of discharge involves a stochastic factor, and the time from when the address discharge voltage is applied between the discharge electrodes to when the address discharge actually occurs varies statistically. Therefore, whether or not a discharge is generated when a voltage having a predetermined amplitude is applied is stochastic, and the larger the pulse width, the more reliably the discharge is generated. The ratio between the pulse width tpw of the write discharge voltage and the probability P of occurrence of discharge is the rate at which discharge occurs within a unit time after the voltage is applied, and is determined by the state of the discharge cell when the voltage is applied. Using a constant k indicating the likelihood of occurrence of discharge, there is a relationship represented by the following equation: P = 1−exp {−k · (t pw −t f )} (Equation 1) However, in the case of t pw <t f is,
P = 0). Here, t f is a discharge delay time determined by the structure of the discharge cell and the gas composition. In the gas discharge display panel, a good display can be obtained by sufficiently setting the probability of occurrence of discharge at the time of address discharge close to 1. For this purpose, it is necessary to apply a write discharge voltage sufficiently large pulse width for a given t f and k.

【0014】例えば、少なくとも一方が誘電体に覆われ
た電極間で放電を発生させる構成の放電セルを有するガ
ス放電表示パネルでは、選択的な書込み放電の発生を確
実にするために、1フレーム(1画面を書き換える期
間)に少なくとも1回のプライミング放電を発生させて
いる。プライミング放電から時間が経過するに従って、
単位時間内での書込み放電の起り易さkが小さくなる。
そこで、従来は、プライミング放電から最も大きな時間
が経過した時刻に書込み放電が行なわれる放電セルにお
ける書込み放電電圧の印加時刻での放電発生確率Pが1
に近くなるように定め、これに基づいて各書込み放電時
間tpwを設定していた。
For example, in a gas discharge display panel having a discharge cell configured to generate a discharge between electrodes at least one of which is covered with a dielectric, in order to reliably generate a selective address discharge, one frame ( At least one priming discharge is generated during one screen rewriting period). As time elapses from the priming discharge,
The probability k of the occurrence of the address discharge within a unit time is reduced.
Therefore, conventionally, the discharge occurrence probability P at the time of application of the address discharge voltage in the discharge cell in which the address discharge is performed at the time when the largest time has elapsed since the priming discharge is 1
, And each address discharge time tpw is set based on this.

【0015】本発明者は、図9に示すように、プライミ
ング放電の終了時刻から書込み放電電圧の印加時刻迄の
経過時間と単位時間内における書込み放電の起り易さk
との関係を実験的に確認した。図9のkの振る舞いは、
プライミング放電終了時刻から書込み放電電圧印加時刻
迄の経過時間が短いほどtpwは短くてもよいことを示し
ており、本発明の駆動方法では、この関係に従って、書
込み放電電圧の印加時間tpwが書込み放電電圧の印加時
刻に依存して異なるように制御する。このように、tpw
を個々に制御することで、全体の書込み放電について充
分な放電発生確率を得ると共に、書込み放電に要する全
体の期間が短縮できる。
As shown in FIG. 9, the inventor of the present invention has determined the elapsed time from the end time of the priming discharge to the application time of the address discharge voltage and the easiness k of occurrence of the address discharge within a unit time.
Was experimentally confirmed. The behavior of k in FIG.
It shows that the shorter the elapsed time from the priming discharge end time to the writing discharge voltage application time, the shorter the tpw may be, the driving method of the present invention shows that the application time tpw of the writing discharge voltage is reduced according to this relationship. Control is performed differently depending on the application time of the write discharge voltage. Thus, t pw
Is controlled individually, a sufficient discharge occurrence probability can be obtained for the entire address discharge, and the entire period required for the address discharge can be shortened.

【0016】[0016]

【実施例】以下、実施例に基づいて本発明のガス放電パ
ネルの駆動方法を詳細に説明する。図5は、本発明のガ
ス放電表示パネルの駆動方法を適用するために作製した
交流駆動面放電型ガス放電表示パネルの1放電セルの断
面図である。ガス放電表示パネルは、図示した放電セル
がN行×M列のマトリクス状に平面配置して構成され
る。パネルの作製にあたっては、まず、第1のガラス基
板1上に相互に平行で透明な走査電極3a及び維持電極
3bから成る面放電電極対(行電極)3をN行にわたっ
て形成し、次いで、各面放電電極対3を誘電体層5で覆
った後に酸化マグネシウム層7を形成して第1の基板を
得る。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a method for driving a gas discharge panel according to the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of one discharge cell of an AC-driven surface discharge type gas discharge display panel manufactured for applying the method of driving a gas discharge display panel of the present invention. The gas discharge display panel is configured by arranging the illustrated discharge cells in a matrix of N rows × M columns. In manufacturing the panel, first, a pair of surface discharge electrodes (row electrodes) 3 composed of mutually transparent and transparent scanning electrodes 3a and sustaining electrodes 3b are formed on the first glass substrate 1 over N rows. After covering the surface discharge electrode pair 3 with the dielectric layer 5, a magnesium oxide layer 7 is formed to obtain a first substrate.

【0017】第2のガラス基板2上には、放電を選択的
に制御するデータ電極(列電極)4をM列にわたって形
成し、このデータ電極4を誘電体層6で覆った後に、蛍
光体9を塗布して、第2の基板を得る。各誘電体層5及
び6上には夫々、格子状の隔壁8が形成される。第1の
基板1及び第2の基板を貼り合わせると、格子状の隔壁
8によって内部空間が区画され、夫々の区画は、放電空
間10を成す放電セル(表示セル)として形成される。
2枚の基板は、面放電側の電極対とデータ電極とが相互
に直交するように0.1乃至0.5mmの間隔で張り合
わされている。ガラス基板の周辺はフリットガラスによ
って外部から遮断され、ガス導入用ガラス管を除いて気
密構造になるようにした。ガス導入用ガラス管を通じ
て、放電セル内を真空排気し、希ガスを主成分とする放
電ガスを導入して封止し、これにより、ガス放電表示素
子をマトリクス状に2次元配置したガス放電表示パネル
が得られた。
On the second glass substrate 2, data electrodes (column electrodes) 4 for selectively controlling discharge are formed over M columns, and after covering the data electrodes 4 with a dielectric layer 6, 9 is applied to obtain a second substrate. A grid-like partition 8 is formed on each of the dielectric layers 5 and 6. When the first substrate 1 and the second substrate are bonded to each other, the internal space is partitioned by the grid-shaped partition walls 8, and each partition is formed as a discharge cell (display cell) forming the discharge space 10.
The two substrates are bonded at an interval of 0.1 to 0.5 mm so that the electrode pair on the surface discharge side and the data electrode are orthogonal to each other. The periphery of the glass substrate was shielded from the outside by frit glass, and an airtight structure was formed except for a glass tube for gas introduction. The inside of the discharge cell is evacuated through a glass tube for gas introduction, and a discharge gas containing a rare gas as a main component is introduced and sealed, so that the gas discharge display elements are two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix in a gas discharge display. A panel was obtained.

【0018】作製したガス放電表示パネルの走査電極3
a、維持電極3b及びデータ電極4に、図8に示す駆動
電圧パルス列(駆動波形)を印加して素子特性を評価し
た。この駆動方法は、次のような基本的な駆動手順に従
っている。まず、書込み放電をより容易に発生させるプ
ライミング放電を起こすためのプライミングパルスVP
を印加し、その後に走査電圧パルスVsによって走査電
極3aを線順次に走査しつつ、発光が選択された放電セ
ルに対応するデータ電極4にデータ電圧パルスVdを印
加して書込み放電を発生させる。書込み放電が行なわれ
た後に、維持電極3b及び走査電極3a相互間に交番性
の維持電圧Vcを印加し、書込み放電がなされた放電セ
ルを維持放電させることで、発光を維持している。
The scanning electrode 3 of the produced gas discharge display panel
a, a drive voltage pulse train (drive waveform) shown in FIG. 8 was applied to the sustain electrode 3b and the data electrode 4, and the device characteristics were evaluated. This driving method follows the following basic driving procedure. First, a priming pulse VP for causing a priming discharge that more easily generates an address discharge.
It was applied, and then to cause the scanning voltage pulse V s by while line-sequentially scanning the scanning electrodes 3a, light emission by applying a data voltage pulses Vd to the data electrodes 4 corresponding to the selected discharge cells generates the write discharges . After the address discharge is performed, the sustain electrodes 3b and applying a sustain voltage V c of the alternating resistance between the scanning electrodes 3a cross, by sustain discharge the discharge cells in which the write discharge has been made, and maintains the light emission.

【0019】本発明の駆動方法及び従来の駆動方法に従
って、上記で作製されたガス放電表示パネルに種々の駆
動波形を与え、発光が選択された放電セルに正しく書込
み放電が発生しているかどうかを評価することとした。
ここで、1フレームの周期を16.7msとし、ノンイ
ンターレース駆動方式で500〜1000本走査、64
〜256階調表示を行なう制御を採用した。
According to the driving method of the present invention and the conventional driving method, various driving waveforms are given to the gas discharge display panel manufactured as described above, and it is determined whether or not the address discharge is correctly generated in the discharge cell selected to emit light. It was decided to evaluate.
Here, the period of one frame is set to 16.7 ms, and 500 to 1000 lines are scanned by the non-interlace driving method.
A control for displaying 256 gradations is employed.

【0020】図1及び図4は夫々、上記評価で採用され
た本発明の第1の実施例及び従来の駆動方法として採用
されたガス放電表示パネルの駆動波形である。第1の実
施例の駆動方法では、各走査電極SC1、SC2、・・・S
CN毎に異なるパルス幅の書込みパルスVSを印加してい
る。各データ電極D1、・・・DMにはこの各パルス幅に
対応してパルス幅が異なるデータパルス21を印加す
る。
FIGS. 1 and 4 show the driving waveforms of the gas discharge display panel employed as the first embodiment of the present invention adopted in the above evaluation and the conventional driving method, respectively. In the driving method of the first embodiment, each scan electrode S C1 , S C2 ,.
It applies a writing pulse V S of different pulse widths for each CN. Data pulses 21 having different pulse widths corresponding to the respective pulse widths are applied to the data electrodes D 1 ,..., D M.

【0021】第1の実施例で各パルス幅を得るために、
まず、プライミング放電の終了時刻からの経過時間Tに
対する定数k(T)及び放電遅れ時間tfを実際の駆動波形
に合わせて測定評価し、式1を用いてPを充分に1に近
づけて良好な表示が得られるようにした。ここで、各書
込み放電のための書込みパルス幅、即ち、走査パルスV
Sの印加時間とこれに対応するデータパルス21の印加
時間との重なり幅は、Tが大きくなるに従って大きくな
るように設定した。つまり、走査の順番に従った走査線
番号をn(n=1〜N:Nは1回のプライミング放電で
走査する走査線数)としたときに、各走査電極SC1、S
C2、・・・SCNに書込み放電を発生させるための書込み
パルス幅tpwi、tpwjを tpwi≦tpwj (1≦i<j≦N) となるようにした。
In order to obtain each pulse width in the first embodiment,
First, the constant k (T) and the discharge delay time t f with respect to the elapsed time T from the end time of the priming discharge in accordance with the actual driving waveforms measured and evaluated, good to sufficiently close to 1 to P using Equation 1 Display was obtained. Here, the address pulse width for each address discharge, that is, the scanning pulse V
The overlap width between the application time of S and the application time of the corresponding data pulse 21 was set to increase as T increased. That is, when the scanning line numbers according to the scanning order are n (n = 1 to N: N is the number of scanning lines to be scanned by one priming discharge), each of the scanning electrodes S C1 , S C
C2, was set to be · · · S CN to the write pulse width for generating the address discharge t pwi, t pwj the t pwi ≦ t pwj (1 ≦ i <j ≦ N).

【0022】図1のような駆動波形を採用することによ
って、図4の従来の一定の書込みパルス幅tpwcが満た
さなければならない条件である、経過時間T1=tpwc×
Nにおけるk(T1)に対して放電発生確率Pが充分に大き
くなるような書込みパルス幅とした場合に比べて、より
短時間で正確な書込み動作を行うことができた。特に、
走査線本数N及び階調数が大きく、従って、従来の駆動
方法では全ての書込み動作を正常に行うことができなか
った場合においても、本発明の駆動方法により確実な書
込み動作を行うことが可能であった。
By employing the driving waveform as shown in FIG. 1, the elapsed time T 1 = t pwc ×, which is a condition that must be satisfied by the conventional constant write pulse width t pwc of FIG.
An accurate address operation could be performed in a shorter time than in the case where the address pulse width was such that the discharge occurrence probability P was sufficiently large with respect to k (T 1 ) in N. Especially,
Even when the number of scanning lines N and the number of gradations are large, and therefore all the write operations cannot be performed normally by the conventional drive method, the drive method of the present invention can perform a reliable write operation. Met.

【0023】図2は、本発明の第2の実施例のガス放電
表示パネルの駆動方法で採用される駆動波形である。同
図では、各走査電極を複数のブロック、第1のブロック
C1,1、・・・、SC1,N、第2のブロックSC2,1、・・
・、SC2,N、・・・、第LのブロックSCL,1、・・・、
CL,NとなるようなL個の走査電極ブロックに分割し、
それぞれの走査電極ブロック内では同じ書込み時間を採
用する。各ブロックにおいて最終の走査が行なわれる最
終走査電極SC1,N、・・・、SCM,Nにおける書込み放電
発生時刻の、プライミング放電終了時刻からの経過時
間、即ちブロック毎の最大経過時間Tmaxを求めた。こ
のブロック毎の最大経過時間に対する定数k(Tmax)及
び放電遅れ時間tfを測定評価し、式1を用いてTmax
の放電発生確率Pが充分に1に近くなるように、各走査
ブロックの書込みパルス幅を設定した。
FIG. 2 shows a driving waveform employed in the driving method of the gas discharge display panel according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the scanning electrodes a plurality of blocks, the first block S C1, 1, ···, S C1, N, the second block S C2,1, · ·
, S C2, N ,..., L-th block S CL, 1 ,.
It is divided into L scan electrode blocks to be SCL, N ,
The same writing time is adopted in each scanning electrode block. Final scan electrodes S C1 final scan is performed in each block, N, · · ·, S CM, the address discharge generation time in N, elapsed time from the priming discharge end time, i.e. the maximum elapsed time for each block T max I asked. A constant k (T max ) and a discharge delay time t f with respect to the maximum elapsed time for each block are measured and evaluated, and each scan is performed using Equation 1 so that the discharge occurrence probability P at T max is sufficiently close to 1. The write pulse width of the block was set.

【0024】なお、上記例では、各ブロックに含まれる
走査電極数を相互に同じとした例を示したが、これに代
えて、各ブロックに含まれる走査電極数をブロック毎に
異なるようにしてもよい。この場合、例えば、書込み放
電時間が短い放電セルを含むブロックほど走査電極数を
多くするように構成する。これにより、各ブロックの書
込み放電に要する時間を相互に同じ程度にする。
In the above example, the number of scanning electrodes included in each block is the same as each other. However, instead, the number of scanning electrodes included in each block may be different for each block. Is also good. In this case, for example, the configuration is such that the number of scan electrodes is increased in a block including a discharge cell having a short address discharge time. As a result, the time required for the address discharge of each block is made substantially the same.

【0025】上記のような書込みパルス幅を有する駆動
波形を採用することによって、第1の実施例と同様に、
従来の一定の書込みパルス幅Tpwcが満たさなければな
らない条件である、経過時間T=tpwc×Nでのk(T)に
対して放電発生確率Pが充分に大きくなるような書込み
パルス幅とした場合に比べて、より短時間で正確な書込
み動作を行うことができた。第2の実施例の駆動方法
は、第1の実施例に比べ、全体として書込み時間はやや
長くなるが、駆動回路を簡略化できるメリットがある。
By employing the drive waveform having the above-described write pulse width, as in the first embodiment,
A writing pulse width such that the discharge occurrence probability P becomes sufficiently large with respect to k (T) at an elapsed time T = tpwc × N, which is a condition that must be satisfied by the conventional constant writing pulse width T pwc. In this case, an accurate write operation can be performed in a shorter time than in the case where the write operation is performed. The drive method of the second embodiment has a merit that the write time is slightly longer as a whole as compared with the first embodiment, but the drive circuit can be simplified.

【0026】図3は、本発明の第3の実施例のガス放電
表示パネルの駆動方法における書込み電圧波形を示す。
本実施例は、複数の書込み放電期間13に対して1回の
プライミング放電15が行なわれる例である。なお、同
図では、1回のプライミング放電15を3つのサブフィ
ールド121、122、123の書込み放電131、13
2、133に用いる例を示した。一般に、プライミング放
電の数を減らすことによって黒表示が良好になりコント
ラストが改善されることから、このように、1回のプラ
イミング放電を複数回のサブフィールドの書込み放電に
用いる場合がある。本実施例では、このような場合に対
応して、各サブフィールド121、122、123内では
走査パルスVSのパルス幅を統一し、且つ、プライミン
グ放電15に近いサブフィールド121における走査み
パルスVSのパルス幅を短く、プライミング放電から離
れたサブフィールド123における走査パルスVSのパル
ス幅を長く設定した。各サブフィールド121、122
123の書込みパルス幅は、当該サブフィールドにおけ
る最終の書込み放電電圧印加時刻において確実に放電が
発生するように設定した。
FIG. 3 shows a write voltage waveform in a method of driving a gas discharge display panel according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
The present embodiment is an example in which one priming discharge 15 is performed for a plurality of address discharge periods 13. In the figure, one priming discharge 15 is applied to three subfields 12 1 , 12 2 , 12 3 for address discharges 13 1 , 13 3.
It shows an example of using the 2,13 3. Generally, by reducing the number of priming discharges, the black display is improved and the contrast is improved. Thus, one priming discharge may be used for a plurality of subfield address discharges. In this embodiment, in response to such a case, the pulse width of the scanning pulse V S is unified within each of the sub-fields 12 1 , 12 2 and 12 3 , and the sub-field 12 1 near the priming discharge 15 is used. short pulse width of the scan seen pulse V S, and longer pulse width of a scan pulse V S in the sub-field 12 3 away from the priming discharge. Each subfield 12 1 , 12 2 ,
12 3 of the write pulse width was set to ensure that the discharge is generated in the final address discharge voltage application time in the corresponding subfield.

【0027】図3に示した駆動波形を採用することによ
って、プライミング放電から最も経過時間が大きなサブ
フィールド123の書込み放電についても確実に書込み
放電を発生させることが出来る。本実施例の駆動方法を
実際に採用して書込みの確認を行ったところ、一定な書
込みパルス幅を設定した従来の駆動方法に比べ、より短
時間で正確な書込み動作を行うことが確認できた。ま
た、この第3の実施例の構成を採用し、且つ、各サブフ
ィールドの書込みに際して第1の実施例で採用した各走
査電極毎に異なる書込みパルス幅とする構成、及び、第
2の実施例で採用した走査電極の各ブロック毎に異なる
書込みパルス幅とする構成を夫々採用し、更に短時間で
良好な書込み動作を行うことが確認できた。
[0027] By adopting the driving waveform shown in FIG. 3, certainly it can be generated address discharge even most elapsed from priming discharge for large subfield 12 3 write discharge. When the writing was confirmed by actually adopting the driving method of the present embodiment, it was confirmed that an accurate writing operation could be performed in a shorter time than the conventional driving method in which a constant writing pulse width was set. . In addition, the configuration of the third embodiment is adopted, and a different address pulse width is used for each scanning electrode employed in the first embodiment when writing in each subfield. The second embodiment It has been confirmed that the configuration in which the write pulse width is different for each block of the scanning electrode adopted in the above is adopted, and a good address operation can be performed in a shorter time.

【0028】上記各実施例では、維持放電が面放電型で
あって且つ書込み放電が対向放電型のガス放電表示パネ
ルに本発明を適用した場合について述べた。しかし、こ
のような場合に限らず、相互に直交乃至は交差した走査
電極及びデータ電極を有するガス放電表示パネルに本発
明の駆動方法を適用すると、一般に、同様な効果が得ら
れる。また、印加電圧の極性、放電ガス組成、或いは、
放電セルの構造等に関係なくこれらの効果が得られるこ
とが実際に確認できた。また、上記実施例では、プライ
ミング放電を利用するガス放電表示パネルに本発明を適
用する場合について述べたが、本発明では、特にプライ
ミング放電を利用することまでを必須とするものではな
い。
In each of the above embodiments, a case has been described in which the present invention is applied to a gas discharge display panel in which a sustain discharge is a surface discharge type and an address discharge is a counter discharge type. However, the present invention is not limited to such a case, and the same effect can be generally obtained by applying the driving method of the present invention to a gas discharge display panel having scanning electrodes and data electrodes orthogonal or intersecting each other. Also, the polarity of the applied voltage, the composition of the discharge gas, or
It was actually confirmed that these effects were obtained irrespective of the structure of the discharge cell. Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to the gas discharge display panel using the priming discharge has been described. However, in the present invention, the use of the priming discharge is not essential.

【0029】上記各実施例は何れも例示であり、上記各
実施例から種々の修正及び変更を施したガス放電表示パ
ネルの駆動方法も本発明の範囲に含まれる。
Each of the above embodiments is merely an example, and a method of driving a gas discharge display panel obtained by making various modifications and changes from the above embodiments is also included in the scope of the present invention.

【0030】[0030]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明のガス放電
表示パネルの駆動方法によると、書込み放電を短時間で
確実に行うことが可能であり、本発明は、大表示容量の
ガス放電表示パネルにおいて充分な輝度と良好な表示特
性とを容易に実現可能とした顕著な効果を奏する。
As described above, according to the driving method of the gas discharge display panel of the present invention, it is possible to reliably perform the address discharge in a short time, and the present invention provides a gas discharge display having a large display capacity. There is a remarkable effect that sufficient luminance and good display characteristics can be easily realized in the panel.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の第1の実施例に係るガス放電表示パネ
ルの駆動方法における書込み電圧波形を示すタイミング
チャート。
FIG. 1 is a timing chart showing a write voltage waveform in a method of driving a gas discharge display panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】本発明の第2の実施例に係るガス放電表示パネ
ルの駆動方法における書込み電圧波形を示すタイミング
チャート。
FIG. 2 is a timing chart showing a write voltage waveform in a method of driving a gas discharge display panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

【図3】本発明の第3の実施例に係るガス放電表示パネ
ルの駆動方法における書込み電圧波形を示すタイミング
チャート。
FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing a write voltage waveform in a method of driving a gas discharge display panel according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

【図4】従来のガス放電表示パネルの駆動方法における
書込み電圧波形を示すタイミングチャート。
FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing a write voltage waveform in a conventional method of driving a gas discharge display panel.

【図5】従来及び本発明の駆動方法が採用されるガス放
電表示パネルの1つの放電セルの断面図。
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of one discharge cell of a gas discharge display panel to which a driving method according to the related art and the present invention is applied.

【図6】ガス放電表示パネルの放電セルと電極構成を示
す平面模式図。
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing a discharge cell and an electrode configuration of the gas discharge display panel.

【図7】(a)及び(b)は夫々階調表示を行なうガス
放電表示パネルの駆動方法における駆動電圧波形及び1
フレームの構成を示すタイミングチャート。
FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams respectively showing a driving voltage waveform and a driving voltage waveform in a method of driving a gas discharge display panel which performs gradation display.
6 is a timing chart showing a configuration of a frame.

【図8】従来のガス放電表示パネルの駆動方法における
駆動電圧波形を示すタイミングチャート。
FIG. 8 is a timing chart showing a drive voltage waveform in a conventional method of driving a gas discharge display panel.

【図9】本発明の作用を説明する図で、プライミング放
電終了時刻から書込み放電発生時刻迄の経過時間Tに対
する書込み放電の起り易さkの変化を示す実験結果のグ
ラフ。
FIG. 9 is a graph for explaining the operation of the present invention, and is a graph of an experimental result showing a change in the probability k of occurrence of address discharge with respect to an elapsed time T from a priming discharge end time to an address discharge occurrence time.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 第1のガラス基板 2 第2のガラス基板 3 面放電電極 4 データ電極 5 誘電体層 6 誘電体層 7 酸化マグネシウム層 8 隔壁 9 蛍光体 10 放電ガス 11 放電セル 12 サブフィールド 13 書込み放電期間 14 維持放電期間 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st glass substrate 2 2nd glass substrate 3 Surface discharge electrode 4 Data electrode 5 Dielectric layer 6 Dielectric layer 7 Magnesium oxide layer 8 Partition 9 Phosphor 10 Discharge gas 11 Discharge cell 12 Subfield 13 Writing discharge period 14 Sustain discharge period

Claims (6)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 複数の走査電極と複数のデータ電極との
各交差部分に放電セルを行列状に配設し、前記走査電極
に線順次に走査パルスを印加しつつ前記データ電極に選
択的なデータパルスを印加する書込み放電期間を設け、
前記放電セルの選択的な書込み放電に従って画像を表示
する、ガス放電表示パネルの駆動方法において、 前記放電セルに前記走査パルスと前記データパルスとが
同時に印加される書込み放電電圧の印加時間が、該書込
み放電電圧の印加時刻に依存して異なるように制御する
ことを特徴とするガス放電表示パネルの駆動方法。
1. A discharge cell is arranged in a matrix at each intersection of a plurality of scan electrodes and a plurality of data electrodes, and a scan pulse is applied to the scan electrodes in a line-sequential manner while selectively applying a scan pulse to the data electrodes. An address discharge period for applying a data pulse is provided,
A method of driving a gas discharge display panel, which displays an image according to a selective address discharge of the discharge cell, wherein an application time of an address discharge voltage in which the scan pulse and the data pulse are simultaneously applied to the discharge cell, A method for driving a gas discharge display panel, wherein the control is performed differently depending on the application time of a write discharge voltage.
【請求項2】 前記書込み放電期間に先立ってプライミ
ング放電を発生させ、該プライミング放電の終了時刻か
ら前記書込み放電電圧の印加時刻迄の経過時間の長さに
従って書込み放電電圧の印加時間を設定することを特徴
とする請求項1に記載のガス放電表示パネルの駆動方
法。
2. A priming discharge is generated prior to the address discharge period, and an application time of the address discharge voltage is set according to a length of time elapsed from an end time of the priming discharge to an application time of the address discharge voltage. The method of driving a gas discharge display panel according to claim 1, wherein:
【請求項3】 書込み放電電圧の印加時刻が遅い走査電
極ほど前記書込み放電電圧の印加時間を長く設定するこ
とを特徴とする請求項2に記載のガス放電表示パネルの
駆動方法。
3. The method of driving a gas discharge display panel according to claim 2, wherein the application time of the address discharge voltage is set longer for a scan electrode having a later application time of the address discharge voltage.
【請求項4】 前記放電セルを走査電極に沿う複数のブ
ロックに分け、該ブロック毎に前記書込み放電電圧の印
加時間を選択し、前記プライミング放電終了時刻から前
記書込み放電電圧の印加時刻迄の経過時間の大きな放電
セルを含むブロックほど書込み放電電圧の印加時間を長
く設定することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のガス放電
表示パネルの駆動方法。
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the discharge cells are divided into a plurality of blocks along scan electrodes, and the application time of the address discharge voltage is selected for each block. 3. The method of driving a gas discharge display panel according to claim 2, wherein the application time of the write discharge voltage is set longer for a block including a discharge cell having a longer time.
【請求項5】 複数回の前記書込み放電期間に先立って
1回の前記プライミング放電を発生させ、該プライミン
グ放電の終了時刻から前記書込み放電期間迄の経過時間
が長い書込み放電期間ほど、書込み放電電圧の印加時間
を長く設定することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のガス
放電表示パネルの駆動方法。
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the priming discharge is generated once before a plurality of the address discharge periods, and the address discharge voltage increases as the elapsed time from the end time of the priming discharge to the address discharge period becomes longer. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the application time is set to be long.
【請求項6】 書込み放電電圧の印加時刻が遅い走査電
極ほど書込み放電電圧の印加時間を長く設定することを
特徴とする請求項5に記載のガス放電表示パネルの駆動
方法。
6. The method of driving a gas discharge display panel according to claim 5, wherein the application time of the write discharge voltage is set longer as the scan electrode is applied at a later time.
JP12764095A 1995-05-26 1995-05-26 Driving method of gas discharge display panel Expired - Fee Related JP2737697B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12764095A JP2737697B2 (en) 1995-05-26 1995-05-26 Driving method of gas discharge display panel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12764095A JP2737697B2 (en) 1995-05-26 1995-05-26 Driving method of gas discharge display panel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH08320668A JPH08320668A (en) 1996-12-03
JP2737697B2 true JP2737697B2 (en) 1998-04-08

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ID=14965100

Family Applications (1)

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Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2737697B2 (en)

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