JP2715627B2 - Target detection method and device - Google Patents
Target detection method and deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2715627B2 JP2715627B2 JP2103926A JP10392690A JP2715627B2 JP 2715627 B2 JP2715627 B2 JP 2715627B2 JP 2103926 A JP2103926 A JP 2103926A JP 10392690 A JP10392690 A JP 10392690A JP 2715627 B2 JP2715627 B2 JP 2715627B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- radio wave
- reflector
- background
- target
- intensity corresponding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ＜産業上の利用分野＞ この発明は物標検知方法およびその装置に関し、さら
に詳細にいえば、分光放射率が大きい背景内に存在す
る、分光放射率が著しく小さい目的物体を上方から検知
するための方法およびその装置に関する。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for detecting a target, and more particularly, to an object having a very low spectral emissivity in a background having a high spectral emissivity. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for detecting an object from above.
＜従来の技術、および発明が解決しようとする課題＞ 従来から電波を用いて物標検知を行なうための装置と
してアクティブ・レーダ、パッシブ・レーダが知られて
いる。<Conventional Techniques and Problems to be Solved by the Invention> Conventionally, active radars and passive radars are known as devices for performing target detection using radio waves.
アクティブ・レーダは対象物体（目的物体のみならず
背景も含む）に強力な電波を放射し、対象物体から反射
されてくる電波を受信して受信電波強度に基づいて目的
物体を検知するようにしている。したがって、遠距離の
物標検知に適し、悪天候下であっても使用可能であり、
さらに、目的物体までの距離情報を得ることができると
いう利点を有している。しかし、入射電波が強い指向性
を持つため目的物体の反射面の傾きによって反射強度が
異なり、特にエッジ部分に強いきらめきを生じ、目的物
体の全体形状把握には適さないという不都合、雪原等反
射率が高い背景上の目的物体の検知が条件によっては困
難になるという不都合、電波を放射するので秘匿性が劣
り、チャフ、デコイの妨害を受け易いというような不都
合がある。Active radar emits strong radio waves to the target object (including the background as well as the target object), receives the radio wave reflected from the target object, and detects the target object based on the received radio wave intensity I have. Therefore, it is suitable for detecting targets at long distances and can be used even in bad weather.
Further, there is an advantage that distance information to a target object can be obtained. However, since the incident radio waves have a strong directivity, the reflection intensity varies depending on the inclination of the reflection surface of the target object. In particular, there is a strong sparkle at the edge part, which is not suitable for grasping the overall shape of the target object. However, it is difficult to detect a target object on a high background depending on conditions, and there are disadvantages that radio waves are radiated, so that confidentiality is poor and that chaff and decoys are easily disturbed.
パッシブ・レーダは、背景の種類によらず、かつ背景
のディーテイルを殆ど検知しないので、信号処理を用い
ず即時に金属の目的物体を識別でき、また、天空温度は
全天に広がっているので、目的物体の反射面の傾きに拘
らず一様な反射が得られ、目的物体の全体形状を把握で
き、さらに物標検知のために特別には電波を放射しない
ので秘匿性に優れ、電波妨害に強いという利点を有して
いるが、降雨等にはみかけの天空温度が上昇するため、
金属の目的物体の識別が困難になるという不都合があ
る。Since passive radar does not depend on the type of background and hardly detects the background detail, it can immediately identify metal target objects without using signal processing, and the sky temperature is spread all over the sky. , Uniform reflection is obtained regardless of the inclination of the reflection surface of the target object, the overall shape of the target object can be grasped, and no special radio waves are radiated for target detection, so it is excellent in confidentiality and radio interference Although it has the advantage of being strong, the apparent sky temperature rises during rainfall,
There is a disadvantage that it is difficult to identify a metal target object.
即ち、何れのレーダも一長一短があり、さらなる改善
が切望されている。That is, each radar has advantages and disadvantages, and further improvement is desired.
＜発明の目的＞ この発明は上記の問題点に鑑みてなされたものであ
り、降雨時においても、分光放射率が著しく小さい目的
物体の検知を行なうことができる物標検知方法およびそ
の装置を提供することを目的としている。<Object of the Invention> The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and provides a target detecting method and a target detecting method capable of detecting a target object having a remarkably small spectral emissivity even during rainfall. It is intended to be.
＜課題を解決するための手段＞ 上記の目的を達成するために、この発明の物標検知方
法は、補助送信源により反射体に対して電波を連続的に
斜方放射し、反射体および背景により散乱反射される反
射電波と、反射体および背景が放射する雑音電波とが重
畳された状態で連続的に受信して、反射体に対応する受
信電波強度と背景に対応する受信電波強度との差に基づ
いて物標検知を行なう方法である。<Means for Solving the Problems> In order to achieve the above object, a target detection method according to the present invention continuously and obliquely radiates radio waves to a reflector by an auxiliary transmission source, and the reflector and the background. The reflected radio wave scattered and reflected by the reflector and the noise radio wave radiated by the reflector and the background are continuously received in a superimposed state, and the received radio wave intensity corresponding to the reflector and the received radio wave intensity corresponding to the background are compared. This is a method of performing target detection based on the difference.
上記の目的を達成するために、この発明の物標検知装
置は、反射体に対して電波を連続的に斜方照射する補助
送信手段と、反射体および背景により散乱反射される反
射電波と、反射体および背景が放射する雑音電波とが重
畳された状態で連続的に受信する受信手段と、受信手段
により得られる反射体に対応する受信電波強度と背景に
対応する受信電波強度との差に基づいて反射体を検知す
る検知手段とを含んでいる。In order to achieve the above object, the target detection device of the present invention is an auxiliary transmission unit that continuously and obliquely irradiates a radio wave to the reflector, a reflected radio wave scattered and reflected by the reflector and the background, A receiving means for continuously receiving the superimposed noise radio waves radiated by the reflector and the background; and a difference between the received radio field strength corresponding to the reflector and the received radio field strength corresponding to the background obtained by the receiving means. Detecting means for detecting the reflector based on the detection information.
＜作用＞ 以上の物標検知方法であれば、反射物体から放射され
る雑音電波のみならず、放射電波に起因する反射電波が
重畳された状態で受信される。上記雑音電波は、反射体
が金属のように分光放射率が著しく小さいものであれ
ば、雑音電波強度が著しく小さく、逆に、分光放射率が
大きいものであれば、雑音電波強度が大きくなる。ま
た、上記反射電波は、反射率が分光放射率にほぼ逆比例
するのであるから、分光放射率が著しく小さいものにつ
いては反射電波強度が著しく大きく、逆に分光放射率が
大きいものについては反射電波強度が小さい。しかし、
前者の反射電波は反射体が完全反射体であるので入射電
波と方向が異なり、しかも指向性が高いのであるから、
電波放射源に与える影響、即ち、受信される雑音電波に
重畳される成分は殆どなく、雑音電波のみが受信され
る。他方、後者の反射電波は余り強度が高くないが、対
象物体が不完全ながら拡散面であるので指向性が殆どな
いため電波放射源に与える影響、即ち、受信される雑音
電波に重畳される成分がかなりあることになる。この結
果、両者の受信電波強度差が拡大される。<Operation> With the above-described target detection method, not only the noise radio waves radiated from the reflecting object but also the reflected radio waves caused by the radiated radio waves are received in a superimposed state. The noise radio wave has extremely low noise radio wave intensity when the reflector has a very small spectral emissivity like a metal, and conversely, has high noise radio wave intensity when the reflector has a large spectral emissivity. Since the reflectance of the reflected radio wave is almost inversely proportional to the spectral emissivity, the intensity of the reflected radio wave is extremely large when the spectral emissivity is extremely low, and the reflected radio wave is strong when the spectral emissivity is large. Low strength. But,
The former reflected radio wave has a different direction from the incident radio wave because the reflector is a perfect reflector, and it has high directivity.
There is almost no effect on the radio wave radiation source, that is, there is almost no component superimposed on the received noise radio wave, and only the noise radio wave is received. On the other hand, although the latter reflected radio wave is not so strong, the effect on the radio wave radiation source because the target object is an incomplete but diffuse surface has little directivity, that is, the component superimposed on the received noise radio wave There are quite a few. As a result, the difference between the received radio wave intensities of the two is enlarged.
したがって、降雨時において、前者の雑音電波強度が
大きくなっても、後者に対応する受信電波強度が大きく
なるので、両者を確実に識別でき、従来困難とされてい
た降雨時における物標検知を可能にすることができる。Therefore, even if the noise radio wave intensity of the former increases during rainfall, the received radio wave intensity corresponding to the latter increases, so that both can be reliably identified and the target can be detected during rainfall, which was conventionally difficult. Can be
以上の構成の物標検知装置であれば、パッシブ・レー
ダに対して、反射体に対して電波を斜方照射する補助送
信手段を付加するだけの簡単な構成で、従来困難とされ
ていた降雨時における物標検知を可能にすることができ
る。With the target detection device having the above configuration, the passive radar has a simple configuration in which auxiliary transmission means for obliquely irradiating radio waves to the reflector is added to the passive radar. Target detection at the time can be made possible.
＜実施例＞ 以下、実施例を示す添付図面によって詳細に説明す
る。<Example> Hereinafter, an example will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図はこの発明の物標検知装置の一実施例を示すブ
ロック図であり、電波送受用のアンテナ（１）と、対象
物体に放射する電波を発生する発振器（２）と、発振器
（２）により発生された電波をアンテナ（１）に導くと
ともに、アンテナ（２）により受信された電波をミキサ
（４）に導くサーキュレータ（３）と、局部発振器
（５）と、IFアンプ（６）と、検波器（７）と、積分器
（８）と、DCアンプ（９）と、検知手段としての信号処
理部（10）とを有している。上記発振器（２）の発振周
波数は受信機の受信帯域を考慮して定められるが、一定
周波数の発振には限定されず、広帯域の発振であっても
よい。尚、上記ミキサ（４）、局部発振器（５）、IFア
ンプ（６）、検波器（７）、積分器（８）、DCアンプ
（９）および信号処理部（10）は従来のパッシブ・レー
ダで採用されている構成であるから詳細な説明は省略す
る。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a target detecting apparatus according to the present invention, which includes an antenna (1) for transmitting and receiving a radio wave, an oscillator (2) for generating a radio wave radiated to a target object, and an oscillator (2). ), A circulator (3) for guiding a radio wave received by the antenna (2) to a mixer (4), a local oscillator (5), and an IF amplifier (6). , A detector (7), an integrator (8), a DC amplifier (9), and a signal processing unit (10) as detection means. The oscillation frequency of the oscillator (2) is determined in consideration of the reception band of the receiver. However, the oscillation frequency is not limited to a constant frequency and may be a wide band. The mixer (4), the local oscillator (5), the IF amplifier (6), the detector (7), the integrator (8), the DC amplifier (9) and the signal processing unit (10) are conventional passive radars. Therefore, detailed description is omitted.
上記の構成の物標検知装置の作用は次のとおりであ
る。The operation of the target detecting device having the above configuration is as follows.
４ 発振器（２）により発生される電波はサーキュレー
タ（３）を通してアンテナ（１）に給電され、第２図
（Ａ）に示すように対象物体に向かって放射される。こ
の場合において、対象物体に対して充分に細いアンテナ
・ビームを持ち、しかも例えば伏角が45〜70゜の範囲で
物標検知を行なうようにしてあれば、金属からなる目的
物体の表面が完全反射体である関係上、反射電波はアン
テナ（１）には戻って来ず、逆に目的物体以外の部分は
不完全ながらも拡散面であり、完全黒体ではないから一
部の電波がアンテナ（１）に戻って来る。(4) The radio wave generated by the oscillator (2) is supplied to the antenna (1) through the circulator (3) and is radiated toward the target object as shown in FIG. 2 (A). In this case, if the target object has a sufficiently narrow antenna beam and the target is detected at a dip angle of, for example, 45 to 70 °, the surface of the metal target object is completely reflected. Because of the body, the reflected radio wave does not return to the antenna (1). Conversely, the portion other than the target object is an incomplete but diffusing surface, and is not a complete black body. Come back to 1).
他方、対象物体から放射される雑音電波は、第２図
（Ｂ）に示すようにアンテナ（１）により受信される
が、金属面においては天空からの雑音電波が反射される
のであり、天空の雑音温度は快晴時において20〜50K、
雨天時において150〜250Kである。これに対して地面等
の雑音温度は250〜300Kである。したがって、快晴時に
おいては、両者の雑音温度が著しく異なり、従来のパッ
シブ・レーダを用いて高精度に物標検知を行なうことが
できる。しかし、雨天時においては、両者の雑音温度の
差が著しく小さくなるので、そのままでは高精度の物標
検知を行なうことができない。On the other hand, the noise radio wave radiated from the target object is received by the antenna (1) as shown in FIG. 2B, but the noise radio wave from the sky is reflected on the metal surface, and The noise temperature is 20-50K when it is sunny,
It is 150-250K in rainy weather. On the other hand, the noise temperature of the ground is 250-300K. Therefore, when the weather is fine, the noise temperatures of the two are significantly different, and the target can be detected with high accuracy using the conventional passive radar. However, in rainy weather, the difference between the two noise temperatures becomes extremely small, so that highly accurate target detection cannot be performed as it is.
ところで、この実施例においては、第２図（Ｂ）に示
す雑音電波を受信するだけでなく、同図（Ａ）に示す電
波をも受信するのであるから、金属部から受信される電
波の強度は変化せず、他の部分から受信される電波の強
度は増大する。この結果、雑音温度の差が小さくなる雨
天時であっても、実際に受信される電波の強度差を大き
くすることができ、高精度の物標検知を行なうことがで
きる。By the way, in this embodiment, not only the noise radio waves shown in FIG. 2 (B) but also the radio waves shown in FIG. 2 (A) are received. Does not change, and the intensity of radio waves received from other parts increases. As a result, even in rainy weather when the difference in noise temperature is small, the difference in the intensity of radio waves actually received can be increased, and highly accurate target detection can be performed.
以上の説明から明らかなように、発振器（２）により
発生される発振電波強度が大きいほど実際に受信される
電波の強度差を大きくできるが、実際上は、受信側のダ
イナミック・レンジを考慮して発振電波強度が定められ
ることになる。また、発振器（２）を常時動作させても
よいが、雨天時にのみ動作させるようにしてもよいこと
は勿論である。As is clear from the above description, the difference in the intensity of the radio wave actually received can be increased as the intensity of the oscillating radio wave generated by the oscillator (2) increases, but in actuality, the dynamic range of the receiving side is taken into consideration. As a result, the intensity of the oscillating radio wave is determined. In addition, the oscillator (2) may be operated at all times, or may be operated only when it rains.
＜実施例２＞ 第３図は他の実施例を示すブロック図であり、上記実
施例と異なる点は、サーキュレータ（３）を省略して電
波放射用のアンテナ（1a）と電波受信用のアンテナ（1
b）とを設けた点のみである。<Embodiment 2> Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing another embodiment. The difference from the above embodiment is that the circulator (3) is omitted and the antenna for emitting radio waves (1a) and the antenna for receiving radio waves are used. (1
b) only.
したがって、この実施例の場合には、発振器（２）と
して円偏波を発生するものを用いた場合であっても、上
記実施例と同様の作用を達成できる。Therefore, in the case of this embodiment, even when an oscillator (2) that generates circularly polarized waves is used, the same operation as the above embodiment can be achieved.
＜発明の効果＞ 以上のように第１の発明では、降雨時において、金属
物体の雑音電波強度が大きくなっても、非金属物体に対
応する受信電波強度が大きくなるので、両者を確実に識
別でき、従来困難とされていた降雨時における物標検知
を可能にすることができるという特有の効果を奏する。<Effects of the Invention> As described above, in the first invention, even when the noise radio wave intensity of a metal object increases during rainfall, the reception radio wave intensity corresponding to a non-metal object increases, so that both can be reliably identified. This makes it possible to detect a target at the time of rain, which has been difficult in the past.
第２の発明は、従来のパッシブ・レーダに発振器を付
加するだけの簡単な構成で、降雨時において、金属物体
の雑音電波強度が大きくなっても、非金属物体に対応す
る受信電波強度が大きくなるので、両者を確実に識別で
き、従来困難とされていた降雨時における物標検知を可
能にすることができるという特有の効果を奏する。The second invention has a simple configuration in which an oscillator is added to a conventional passive radar. Even when the noise radio wave intensity of a metal object increases during rainfall, the reception radio wave intensity corresponding to a non-metal object increases. Therefore, it is possible to reliably discriminate the two, and it is possible to detect a target at the time of rain, which has been conventionally difficult.
第１図はこの発明の物標検知装置の一実施例を示すブロ
ック図、 第２図は物標検知動作を説明する概略図、 第３図は他の実施例を示すブロック図。 （１）（1a）（1b）……アンテナ、（２）……発振器、 （３）……サーキュレータ、（４）……ミキサ、 （５）……局部発振器、 （10）……検知手段としての信号処理部FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a target detecting apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a target detecting operation, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing another embodiment. (1) (1a) (1b) ... antenna, (2) ... oscillator, (3) ... circulator, (4) ... mixer, (5) ... local oscillator, (10) ... as detection means Signal processing section
Claims (2)
信し、反射体に対応する受信電波強度と背景に対応する
受信電波強度との差に基づいて物標検知を行なうパッシ
ブ方式の物標検知方法において、補助送信源により反射
体に対して電波を連続的に斜方照射し、反射体および背
景により散乱反射される反射電波と、反射体および背景
が放射する雑音電波とが重畳された状態で連続的に受信
して、反射体に対応する受信電波強度と背景に対応する
受信電波強度との差に基づいて物標検知を行なうことを
特徴とする物標検知方法。1. A passive target for receiving a noise radio wave radiated by a reflector and a background and detecting a target based on a difference between a received radio wave intensity corresponding to the reflector and a received radio wave intensity corresponding to the background. In the detection method, radio waves are continuously and obliquely irradiated to the reflector by the auxiliary transmission source, and the reflected radio waves scattered and reflected by the reflector and the background are superimposed on the noise radio waves radiated by the reflector and the background. A target detection method comprising: receiving continuously in a state; and performing target detection based on a difference between a received radio wave intensity corresponding to a reflector and a received radio wave intensity corresponding to a background.
信し、反射体に対応する受信電波強度と背景に対応する
受信電波強度との差に基づいて物標検知を行なうパッシ
ブ方式の物標検知装置において、反射体に対して電波を
連続的に斜方照射する補助送信手段（１）（1a）（２）
（３）と、反射体および背景により散乱反射される反射
電波と、反射体および背景が放射する雑音電波とが重畳
された状態で連続的に受信する受信手段（１）（1a）
（３）（４）（５）と、受信手段（１）（1a）（３）
（４）（５）により得られる反射体に対応する受信電波
強度と背景に対応する受信電波強度との差に基づいて反
射体を検知する検知手段（10）とを含むことを特徴とす
る物標検知装置。2. A passive target for receiving a noise radio wave radiated from a reflector and a background and detecting a target based on a difference between a received radio wave intensity corresponding to the reflector and a received radio wave intensity corresponding to the background. Auxiliary transmitting means (1) (1a) (2) for continuously obliquely irradiating radio waves to the reflector in the detection device
(1) (1a) receiving means for continuously receiving (3) a reflected radio wave scattered and reflected by the reflector and the background and a noise radio wave radiated by the reflector and the background in a superimposed state
(3) (4) (5) and receiving means (1) (1a) (3)
(4) An object including detection means (10) for detecting a reflector based on a difference between the received radio wave intensity corresponding to the reflector and the received radio wave intensity corresponding to the background obtained by (5). Target detection device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2103926A JP2715627B2 (en) | 1990-04-19 | 1990-04-19 | Target detection method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2103926A JP2715627B2 (en) | 1990-04-19 | 1990-04-19 | Target detection method and device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH042985A JPH042985A (en) | 1992-01-07 |
| JP2715627B2 true JP2715627B2 (en) | 1998-02-18 |
Family
ID=14367037
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2103926A Expired - Fee Related JP2715627B2 (en) | 1990-04-19 | 1990-04-19 | Target detection method and device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2715627B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60100778A (en) * | 1983-11-08 | 1985-06-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Radar equipment |
| JPS60115883A (en) * | 1983-11-29 | 1985-06-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Radar equipment |
| JPS6154479A (en) * | 1984-08-24 | 1986-03-18 | Tech Res & Dev Inst Of Japan Def Agency | Target tracking system |
| JPS6219780A (en) * | 1985-07-19 | 1987-01-28 | Tech Res & Dev Inst Of Japan Def Agency | Composite target detecting system |
| JPS62103590A (en) * | 1985-10-31 | 1987-05-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Transmitter/receiver |
-
1990
- 1990-04-19 JP JP2103926A patent/JP2715627B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH042985A (en) | 1992-01-07 |
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