JP2714530B2 - Incinerator and incineration method - Google Patents
Incinerator and incineration methodInfo
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- JP2714530B2 JP2714530B2 JP32467593A JP32467593A JP2714530B2 JP 2714530 B2 JP2714530 B2 JP 2714530B2 JP 32467593 A JP32467593 A JP 32467593A JP 32467593 A JP32467593 A JP 32467593A JP 2714530 B2 JP2714530 B2 JP 2714530B2
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Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、都市ごみ焼却プラント
等に設置される焼却炉及びこれによる被焼却物の焼却方
法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an incinerator installed in a municipal solid waste incineration plant and the like, and a method for incinerating incinerated materials using the incinerator.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般に、都市ごみ焼却プラントにおい
て、焼却炉は重要機器の一つであり、投入されたごみを
完全に燃焼、焼却するとともに、その燃焼中での有害物
質の発生を抑える役割を果たしている。2. Description of the Related Art In general, in a municipal solid waste incineration plant, an incinerator is one of the important equipment, and plays a role of completely burning and incinerating input waste and suppressing generation of harmful substances during the combustion. Play.
【０００３】この焼却炉は、ストーカ方式のものと流動
層方式のものとに大別されるが、ここでは一例として流
動層焼却炉の従来構造を図６に示す。This incinerator is roughly classified into a stoker type and a fluidized bed type. Here, as an example, a conventional structure of a fluidized bed incinerator is shown in FIG.
【０００４】図に示す焼却炉の本体８０は、その内側か
ら順に耐火材８１、断熱材８２、及び鉄皮８３が積層さ
れたものであり、その底部には砂層８４が設けられてい
る。この砂層８４の下から散気装置８６を介して流動化
空気（燃焼用１次空気）が砂層８４内に噴出され、この
空気により砂層８４は流動を開始する。起動時は、上部
の昇温バーナ８７で砂層８４が加熱され、その温度が約
700℃に達した時点で給塵機８８から炉内にごみが投入
されることにより、その一部が砂層の熱で着火し、ガス
化される。この燃焼により発生した熱の一部は砂層８４
に取り込まれ、砂層温度は定常で約700℃に保たれる。
ガス化したごみは砂層８４上方の空間（フリーボード）
９０に入り、ここで２次燃焼空気ノズル８９からの２次
空気（補助燃焼空気）と混合されながら２次燃焼し、約
900℃の出口温度で外部に排出される。燃えないごみ
は、砂層８４内を循環し、最終的には不燃物抜出管９
２、不燃物抜出装置９４、及び振動ふるい９６を通じて
外部に排出され、振動ふるい９６で不燃焼ごみと分離さ
れた砂（流動媒体）は流動媒体循環装置９８を通じて焼
却炉内の砂層８４に戻される。[0004] A main body 80 of an incinerator shown in the figure is formed by laminating a refractory material 81, a heat insulating material 82 and a steel shell 83 in this order from the inside, and a sand layer 84 is provided at the bottom. Fluidized air (primary air for combustion) is blown out from below the sand layer 84 through an air diffuser 86 into the sand layer 84, and the sand layer 84 starts flowing by this air. During start-up, the sand layer 84 is heated by the heating burner 87 at the upper part,
When the temperature reaches 700 ° C., dust is charged into the furnace from the dust feeder 88, and a part of the dust is ignited by the heat of the sand layer and gasified. Part of the heat generated by this combustion is
And the sand layer temperature is kept constant at about 700 ° C.
The gasified waste is in the space above the sand layer 84 (free board)
90, where secondary combustion is performed while being mixed with the secondary air (auxiliary combustion air) from the secondary combustion air nozzle 89.
It is discharged outside at an outlet temperature of 900 ° C. The non-burnable refuse circulates in the sand layer 84, and finally, the incombustible discharge pipe 9.
2. The sand (fluid medium) discharged to the outside through the incombustible extractor 94 and the vibrating sieve 96 and separated from the incombustible waste by the vibrating sieve 96 is returned to the sand layer 84 in the incinerator through the fluid medium circulator 98. It is.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】近年、都市ごみ焼却プ
ラントからのダイオキシンの排出が大きな社会問題とな
っている。このようなダイオキシンの排出を規制するに
は、３つのＴ、すなわち、上記フリーボード９０にお
けるガスの滞留時間（Time）、フリーボード９０内の
温度（Temperature）、フリーボード９０内でのガス
の乱れ（Turbulence）、すなわちガス化したごみと空気
との混合効率が重要とされている。In recent years, the emission of dioxins from municipal waste incineration plants has become a major social problem. In order to control such dioxin emission, three Ts, namely, the residence time (Time) of the gas in the free board 90, the temperature (Temperature) in the free board 90, and the turbulence of the gas in the free board 90 are described. (Turbulence), that is, the mixing efficiency of gasified waste and air is considered important.
【０００６】ここで従来の焼却炉では、上記３つのＴの
うち時間及び温度は条件を十分満たしており、混
合の改善が大きな課題となっている。このごみから発生
した未燃ガスと空気との混合の改善手段として、（Ａ）
焼却炉内に横から２次空気を吹き込んで主流を曲げる
（特開平５−１４１６４６号公報等）、（Ｂ）焼却炉の
形状自体にくびれや曲がりをもたせてガスの乱れを誘発
する、等の手段が講じられているが、いずれも十分な効
果が得られていない。Here, in the conventional incinerator, the time and the temperature among the above three T sufficiently satisfy the conditions, and the improvement of the mixing is a major problem. As means for improving the mixing of air and unburned gas generated from this waste, (A)
Secondary air is blown into the incinerator from the side to bend the main flow (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-141646, etc.), and (B) the shape of the incinerator itself is constricted or bent to induce gas turbulence. Measures have been taken, but none of them has been sufficiently effective.
【０００７】また、このような混合度合いの改善を図る
代わりに、実際のごみ投入量に最適な空気量を供給する
ように燃焼制御を行えばダイオキシンの低減が可能であ
るが、上記ごみ投入量の正確な測定は困難であり、また
ごみの質によって燃焼状態が変化するため、上記のよう
な正確な燃焼制御を実行することは事実上困難である。[0007] Instead of improving the degree of mixing, dioxin can be reduced by performing combustion control so as to supply an optimal amount of air to the actual amount of waste. It is difficult to perform accurate combustion control as described above because it is difficult to accurately measure the temperature and the combustion state changes depending on the quality of the refuse.
【０００８】なお、上記混合の改善を図る手段として、
炉内に絞りや邪魔板等の凹凸を形成して気流を乱すこと
も検討されているが、このような凹凸部は摩耗しやす
く、また製造も容易でないためコストアップにつながる
不都合がある。As means for improving the mixing,
Although it has been considered to form irregularities such as a restrictor and a baffle plate in the furnace to disturb the air flow, such irregularities are easily worn, and the production is not easy, so there is an inconvenience that leads to an increase in cost.
【０００９】本発明は、このような事情に鑑み、炉内に
絞りや邪魔板等を設けることなく、ガス化したごみ等の
被焼却物と補助燃焼空気とを効果的に混合してダイオキ
シンの排出を低減することができる焼却炉を提供するこ
とを目的とする。In view of such circumstances, the present invention effectively mixes incineration materials such as gasified refuse and auxiliary combustion air with dioxin without providing a throttle or baffle plate in the furnace. It is an object of the present invention to provide an incinerator that can reduce emissions.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
の手段として、本発明は、焼却炉本体の底部に、供給さ
れた被焼却物を燃焼してガス化する１次燃焼領域が形成
され、この１次燃焼領域よりも上方の焼却炉本体内空間
に上記ガスをさらに燃焼する２次燃焼領域が形成された
焼却炉において、上記２次燃焼領域に対し水平面上に旋
回流を形成する方向に補助燃焼空気を噴射する複数の第
１噴射部を周方向に並設し、これら第１噴射部よりも上
方の高さ位置の水平断面上で、上記２次燃焼領域に対し
その中央部に向かう方向に補助燃焼空気を噴射する複数
の第２噴射部を周方向に並設し、これら第２噴射部より
も上方の高さ位置に、上記２次燃焼領域に対し水平面上
に上記第１噴射部による旋回流と逆向きの旋回流を形成
する方向に補助燃焼空気を噴射する複数の第３噴射部を
周方向に並設したものである（請求項１）。As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a primary combustion region in which a supplied incineration material is burned and gasified at the bottom of an incinerator body. A direction in which a swirling flow is formed on a horizontal plane with respect to the secondary combustion region in an incinerator in which a secondary combustion region for further burning the gas is formed in the incinerator main body space above the primary combustion region. A plurality of first injection sections for injecting auxiliary combustion air in the circumferential direction, and on a horizontal section at a height position higher than the first injection sections, at the center of the secondary combustion area. A plurality of second injection units for injecting auxiliary combustion air in a direction toward the head are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction, and at a height position higher than the second injection units, the first injection unit is disposed on a horizontal plane with respect to the secondary combustion region. Auxiliary fuel in the direction that forms a swirl flow opposite to the swirl flow by the injection unit It is obtained by juxtaposed third ejecting portion of a plurality of injecting air in the circumferential direction (claim 1).
【００１１】上記焼却炉では、上記第２噴射部から第１
噴射部までの高さ方向の距離と上記第２噴射部から第３
噴射部までの高さ方向の距離とを等しく設定するととも
に、上記第２噴射部による噴射方向に対する第３噴射部
による噴射方向の相対角度を、上記第２噴射部による噴
射方向に対する第１噴射部による噴射方向の相対角度と
逆向きでかつ大きさの等しい角度に設定することが、よ
り好ましく（請求項２）、この焼却炉において、請求項
３記載のように、上記第１噴射部からの噴射流量と上記
第３噴射部からの噴射流量とを略同等に設定することに
より、後述のようなより優れた効果が得られる（請求項
３）。[0011] In the incinerator, the first injecting part is provided by the second injecting part.
The distance in the height direction to the injection unit and the third distance from the second injection unit
The distance in the height direction to the jetting unit is set to be equal, and the relative angle of the jetting direction of the third jetting unit with respect to the jetting direction of the second jetting unit is set in the first jetting unit with respect to the jetting direction of the second jetting unit. It is more preferable that the angle is set opposite to and equal to the relative angle of the injection direction of the incinerator (claim 2). By setting the injection flow rate and the injection flow rate from the third injection section to be substantially equal, a more excellent effect as described later can be obtained (claim 3).
【００１２】また上記焼却炉では、上記焼却炉本体内へ
の被焼却物供給量が減少した時に上記第１噴射部からの
噴射流量及び上記第３噴射部からの噴射流量のみを減少
させるのがよい（請求項４）。Further, in the incinerator, when the supply amount of the incinerator into the incinerator main body decreases, only the injection flow rate from the first injection section and the injection flow rate from the third injection section are reduced. Good (claim 4).
【００１３】[0013]
【作用】上記焼却炉によれば、焼却炉本体底部の１次燃
焼領域で焼却物が燃焼することにより熱分解ガスが生成
され、このガスは２次燃焼領域へ上昇して補助燃焼空気
と混合されることにより、さらに燃焼する。According to the above incinerator, pyrolysis gas is generated by burning the incinerated material in the primary combustion area at the bottom of the incinerator body, and this gas rises to the secondary combustion area and mixes with the auxiliary combustion air. By doing so, it burns further.
【００１４】より具体的に、上記１次燃焼領域から上昇
した熱分解ガスは、まず第１噴射部の噴射により形成さ
れる旋回流で補助燃焼空気と混合される。その後、この
ガスは第２噴射部の噴射領域へ上昇するが、この第２噴
射部からの噴射流が上記旋回流の旋回を妨げる方向に作
用するため、ここで大きな剪断流れが発生する。この剪
断流れは、局所的に強い流れの乱れを引き起こし、これ
により熱分解ガスと補助燃焼空気との混合が促進され
る。さらに、このガスが第３噴射部から噴射される補助
燃焼空気により上記旋回方向と逆方向の力を受けること
により、上記と同様の剪断流れが発生し、ここでも強い
流れの乱れによって混合がさらに促進される。このよう
な混合促進により、最終的に燃焼性は飛躍的に高められ
る。More specifically, the pyrolysis gas that has risen from the primary combustion region is first mixed with the auxiliary combustion air in a swirl flow formed by the injection of the first injection unit. Thereafter, the gas rises to the injection region of the second injection unit. However, since the injection flow from the second injection unit acts in a direction that hinders the swirling of the swirling flow, a large shear flow is generated here. This shear flow causes locally strong flow turbulence, which promotes the mixing of the pyrolysis gas and auxiliary combustion air. Further, when the gas is subjected to a force in a direction opposite to the swirling direction by the auxiliary combustion air injected from the third injection unit, a shear flow similar to that described above is generated, and the mixing is further increased due to the strong flow turbulence. Promoted. By such mixing promotion, the flammability is finally dramatically improved.
【００１５】ここで、もし第２噴射部からの噴射がない
とすると（すなわち焼却炉本体内空間中央に向かう噴射
がなく、相反する旋回流しか存在しないとすると）、上
記と同等もしくはそれ以上の剪断力を期待することがで
きるが、この場合には、上記１次燃焼領域からのガスが
各旋回流の中心部を上向きに吹き抜け易く、このような
吹き抜けが生じると却って混合性は著しく低下すること
になる。また、第３噴射部からの噴射がない場合、すな
わち上側の旋回流がない場合には、第２噴射部から噴射
される補助燃焼空気が第１噴射部の噴射による旋回流に
影響を受けて旋回方向に流されてしまうため、やはりそ
の旋回中心をガスが吹き抜けるおそれがある。Here, if there is no injection from the second injection part (that is, if there is no injection toward the center of the space inside the incinerator main body, and there is only a contradictory swirling flow), the above-mentioned or more than that Although a shearing force can be expected, in this case, the gas from the primary combustion region easily blows upward through the center of each swirling flow, and if such blow-through occurs, the mixing property is significantly reduced. Will be. When there is no injection from the third injection unit, that is, when there is no upper swirl flow, the auxiliary combustion air injected from the second injection unit is affected by the swirl flow by the injection of the first injection unit. Since the gas is swept in the turning direction, the gas may blow through the center of the turning.
【００１６】これに対し、本発明の焼却炉のように第２
噴射部からの噴射流を第１噴射部及び第３噴射部による
相反する旋回流で上下から挾むようにすれば、両旋回流
の旋回方向の成分が第２噴射部による噴射領域で相殺さ
れ、この噴射領域で各第２噴射部から中央に向かう流れ
の方向が確保されることになる。この第２噴射部からの
噴射流は焼却炉本体中央部で互いに衝突し、これにより
該中央部の圧力が高められ、この高圧部分で上昇ガスの
一部がはね返されて下方の１次燃焼領域に向かって逆流
することにより、中央部のガス吹き抜けが効果的に抑制
され、良好な混合性が保証される。On the other hand, as in the incinerator of the present invention, the second
If the injection flow from the injection unit is sandwiched from above and below by the contradictory swirling flows of the first injection unit and the third injection unit, the components in the swirling direction of both swirl flows are offset in the injection region by the second injection unit. In the injection region, the direction of the flow from each second injection unit toward the center is ensured. The jets from the second injection unit collide with each other at the central part of the incinerator main body, thereby increasing the pressure at the central part. By flowing back toward, gas blow-through at the center is effectively suppressed, and good mixing properties are guaranteed.
【００１７】ここで、請求項２記載の焼却炉では、上記
第２噴射部から第１噴射部までの高さ方向の距離と上記
第２噴射部から第３噴射部までの高さ方向の距離とが等
しく、かつ、上記第２噴射部による噴射方向に対する第
３噴射部による噴射方向の相対角度が、上記第２噴射部
による噴射方向に対する第１噴射部による噴射方向の相
対角度と逆向きでかつ大きさの等しい角度に設定されて
いるので、請求項３記載のように上記第１噴射部からの
噴射流量と上記第３噴射部からの噴射流量とを略同等に
設定することにより、第２噴射部の噴射領域において両
旋回流の旋回方向成分をより確実に相殺することができ
る。Here, in the incinerator according to claim 2, the distance in the height direction from the second injection unit to the first injection unit and the distance in the height direction from the second injection unit to the third injection unit. And the relative angle of the injection direction of the third injection unit to the injection direction of the second injection unit is opposite to the relative angle of the injection direction of the first injection unit to the injection direction of the second injection unit. In addition, since the angles are set to be equal in size, the injection flow rate from the first injection unit and the injection flow rate from the third injection unit are set to be substantially equal as described in claim 3, so that The swirling direction components of the two swirling flows can be more reliably canceled in the injection region of the two injection units.
【００１８】上述のように、良好な混合性を確保するに
は、中央部の吹き抜けを防ぐことが前提となるので、上
記焼却炉本体内への被焼却物供給量が減少した時に、請
求項４記載のように上記第１噴射部からの噴射流量及び
上記第３噴射部からの噴射流量のみを減少させるように
すれば、全体の噴射流量は減少させても第２噴射部の噴
射流による吹き抜け防止作用は確実に維持することがで
き、これにより良好な混合性を確保できる。As described above, in order to ensure good mixing, it is premised that prevention of blow-through at the center is required. As described in 4, if only the injection flow rate from the first injection section and the injection flow rate from the third injection section are reduced, the injection flow of the second injection section is reduced even if the overall injection flow rate is reduced. The blow-through prevention action can be reliably maintained, and thereby good mixing properties can be ensured.
【００１９】[0019]
【実施例】本発明の第１実施例を図１〜４に基づいて説
明する。なお、ここに示す流動層焼却炉において、焼却
炉本体１０の側壁の層構造及び周辺機器の構成は図６と
同等であり、ここではその説明を省略する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the fluidized bed incinerator shown here, the layer structure of the side wall of the incinerator main body 10 and the configuration of peripheral devices are the same as those in FIG. 6, and the description thereof will be omitted here.
【００２０】ここに示す焼却炉本体１０は、円筒状をな
し、図１に示すように、上記焼却炉本体１０の上部にガ
ス排出口１２が形成されている。焼却炉本体１０底部の
１次燃焼領域では前記図６に示した砂層８４と同等の砂
層（図示せず）が形成され、この砂層の上方にフリーボ
ード１６が形成されている。上記砂層は、焼却炉本体１
０底部から吹き上げられる１次燃焼空気により流動し、
この砂層に図略の投入口からごみ等の被焼却物が投入さ
れることにより、この砂層で被焼却物の燃焼が行われる
ようになっている。The incinerator body 10 shown here has a cylindrical shape, and as shown in FIG. 1, a gas discharge port 12 is formed in an upper portion of the incinerator body 10. A sand layer (not shown) equivalent to the sand layer 84 shown in FIG. 6 is formed in the primary combustion region at the bottom of the incinerator main body 10, and the free board 16 is formed above the sand layer. The sand layer is the incinerator body 1
Fluidized by the primary combustion air blown up from the bottom,
By injecting incineration material such as dust into the sand layer from an inlet (not shown), the incineration material is burned in the sand layer.
【００２１】この焼却炉の特徴として、上下方向計３段
にわたり、上記フリーボード１６内に２次燃焼空気（補
助燃焼空気）を噴射する第１噴射口１４Ａ、第２噴射口
１４Ｂ、及び第３噴射口１４Ｃが設けられている。各噴
射口１４Ａ，１４Ｂ，１４Ｃには、流量調整弁１７Ａ，
１７Ｂ，１７Ｃをそれぞれ介して空気供給装置１５が接
続されている。The incinerator is characterized by a first injection port 14A, a second injection port 14B, and a third injection port for injecting secondary combustion air (auxiliary combustion air) into the freeboard 16 over a total of three stages in the vertical direction. An injection port 14C is provided. Each injection port 14A, 14B, 14C has a flow control valve 17A,
The air supply device 15 is connected via 17B and 17C, respectively.
【００２２】最下段の第１噴射口１４Ａは、上記砂層よ
りも上方の高さ位置で、図２（ａ）に示すように周方向
に並ぶ複数の位置に設けられている。各第１噴射口１４
Ａによる噴射方向（同図（ａ）太線矢印方向）は、各第
１噴射口１４Ａから焼却炉本体１０の中央に向かう方向
（径方向；同図一点鎖線の方向）に対して所定角度θだ
け周方向に傾斜する方向に設定されている。The lowermost first injection ports 14A are provided at a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction, as shown in FIG. 2A, at a height above the sand layer. Each first injection port 14
The direction of injection by A (the direction of the bold line arrow in the figure (a)) is a predetermined angle θ with respect to the direction from each first injection port 14A toward the center of the incinerator main body 10 (radial direction; the direction of the dashed line in the figure). It is set in the direction inclined in the circumferential direction.
【００２３】中段の第２噴射口１４Ｂは、上記第１噴射
口１４Ａよりも上方の高さ位置の水平断面上で、図２
（ｂ）に示すように周方向に並ぶ複数の位置に設けられ
ている。各第２噴射口１４Ｂによる噴射方向（同図
（ｂ）太線矢印方向）は、上記径方向と同一の方向に設
定されている。The second injection port 14B in the middle stage has a horizontal cross section at a height higher than the first injection port 14A.
As shown in (b), it is provided at a plurality of positions arranged in the circumferential direction. The direction of injection by each of the second injection ports 14B (the direction of the thick line arrow in FIG. 3B) is set to the same direction as the radial direction.
【００２４】最上段の第３噴射口１４Ｃは、上記第２噴
射口１４Ｂよりもさらに上方の高さ位置において、図２
（ｃ）に示すように周方向に並ぶ複数の位置に設けられ
ている。各第３噴射口１４Ｃによる噴射方向（同図
（ｃ）太線矢印方向）は、上記径方向に対して上記第１
噴射口１４Ａの噴射方向と逆向きに同じ大きさの角度θ
だけ周方向に傾斜する方向に設定されている。また、こ
の第３噴射口１４Ｃと第２噴射口１４Ｂとの間の距離ｄ
23（図１）は、第１噴射口１４Ａと第２噴射口１４Ｂと
の間の距離ｄ12と等しく設定されている。The uppermost third injection port 14C is located at a higher position than the second injection port 14B, as shown in FIG.
As shown in (c), they are provided at a plurality of positions arranged in the circumferential direction. The direction of injection by each third injection port 14C (the direction of the thick arrow in FIG. 3C) is the first direction with respect to the radial direction.
Angle θ of the same magnitude in the opposite direction to the injection direction of injection port 14A
It is set in the direction inclined only in the circumferential direction. The distance d between the third injection port 14C and the second injection port 14B
23 (FIG. 1) is set equal to the distance d 12 between the first injection port 14A and the second injection port 14B.
【００２５】次に、この焼却炉の作用を説明する。Next, the operation of the incinerator will be described.
【００２６】この焼却炉において、焼却炉本体１０底部
の図略の砂層上にごみが投入されることにより、このご
みが燃焼、ガス化し、この熱分解ガスが上方のフリーボ
ード１６へ上昇する。In this incinerator, refuse is thrown into a sand layer (not shown) at the bottom of the incinerator body 10, so that the refuse is burned and gasified, and the pyrolysis gas rises to the upper free board 16.
【００２７】このフリーボード１６内では、最下段の第
１噴射口１４Ａから噴射される補助燃焼空気（２次空
気）によって図２（ａ）時計回り方向の旋回流が形成さ
れており、まずこの旋回流で上記熱分解ガスと補助燃焼
空気との初段階の混合が行われる。その後、ガスは第２
噴射口１４Ｂによる噴射領域へ上昇するが、ここでは各
第２噴射口１４Ｂからフリーボード１６中央へ向けての
噴射流が上記旋回流の旋回を妨げる方向に作用し、これ
により大きな剪断流れが発生する。この剪断流れは、局
所的に強い流れの乱れを引き起こし、これにより熱分解
ガスと補助燃焼空気との混合がさらに促される。このガ
スは、さらに上方の第３噴射口１４Ｃによる噴射領域に
上昇するが、ここでは各第３噴射口１４Ｃから噴射され
る補助燃焼空気で上記旋回方向と逆方向の旋回流が形成
されており、この旋回流と上記第２噴射口１４Ｂの噴射
流との間に上記第１噴射口１４Ａと第２噴射口１４Ｂと
の間と同様の剪断流れが発生し、ここでも強い流れの乱
れによって混合がさらに促進される。このような混合促
進により、ダイオキシンの発生を大幅に抑制することが
できる。In the free board 16, the auxiliary combustion air (secondary air) injected from the lowermost first injection port 14A forms a swirling flow in the clockwise direction in FIG. 2A. In the swirling flow, the first-stage mixing of the pyrolysis gas and the auxiliary combustion air is performed. After that, the gas
Although it rises to the injection area by the injection port 14B, the injection flow from each of the second injection ports 14B toward the center of the free board 16 acts in a direction that obstructs the swirling of the swirling flow, thereby generating a large shear flow. I do. This shear flow causes locally strong flow turbulence, which further promotes the mixing of the pyrolysis gas and auxiliary combustion air. This gas rises further to the injection region of the third injection port 14C, but in this case, the auxiliary combustion air injected from each third injection port 14C forms a swirling flow in the direction opposite to the above-described swirling direction. A shear flow similar to that between the first injection port 14A and the second injection port 14B is generated between the swirling flow and the injection flow of the second injection port 14B, and the mixing is also caused by strong flow turbulence. Is further promoted. By promoting such mixing, the generation of dioxin can be significantly suppressed.
【００２８】ここでもし、第２噴射口１４Ｂからの噴射
がないとすると（すなわち２次燃焼領域中央に向かう噴
射がなく、相反する旋回流しか存在しないとすると）、
上記と同等もしくはそれ以上の剪断力を期待することが
できるが、この場合には、上記砂層からのガスが各旋回
流の中心部を上向きに吹き抜けるおそれがあり、このよ
うな吹き抜けが生じると却って混合性は著しく低下する
ことになる。また、第３噴射口１４Ｃからの噴射がない
場合、すなわち上側の旋回流がない場合には、第２噴射
口１４Ｂから噴射される補助燃焼空気が第１噴射口１４
Ａの噴射による旋回流に影響を受けて旋回方向に流され
てしまうため、やはりその旋回中心をガスが吹き抜ける
おそれがある。Here, if there is no injection from the second injection port 14B (that is, if there is no injection toward the center of the secondary combustion region and only a reciprocal swirl flow exists),
Although a shear force equal to or higher than the above can be expected, in this case, gas from the sand layer may blow upward through the center of each swirling flow, and if such a blow-through occurs, on the contrary Mixability will be significantly reduced. When there is no injection from the third injection port 14C, that is, when there is no upper swirl flow, the auxiliary combustion air injected from the second injection port 14B is supplied to the first injection port 14C.
Since it is swept in the swirling direction under the influence of the swirling flow due to the injection of A, the gas may also blow through the swirling center.
【００２９】これに対し、本実施例の焼却炉のように第
２噴射口１４Ｂからの噴射流を第１噴射口１４Ａ及び第
３噴射口１４Ｃによる相反する旋回流で上下から挾むよ
うにすれば、両旋回流の旋回方向の成分が第２噴射口１
４Ｂで相殺され、この第２噴射口１４Ｂで中央に向かう
流れが確保されることになる。この第２噴射口１４Ｂか
らの噴射流は焼却炉本体内中央部で互いに衝突し、これ
により該中央部の圧力が高められ、この高圧部分で上昇
ガスの一部がはね返されて下方の砂層に向かって逆流す
ることにより、中央部のガス吹き抜けが効果的に抑制さ
れ、良好な混合性が保証される。On the other hand, if the injection flow from the second injection port 14B is sandwiched from above and below by the contradictory swirling flows by the first injection port 14A and the third injection port 14C as in the incinerator of this embodiment, The component in the swirling direction of both swirling flows is the second injection port 1
4B, the flow toward the center is secured at the second injection port 14B. The jets from the second injection port 14B collide with each other in the central portion of the incinerator main body, thereby increasing the pressure in the central portion, and a part of the rising gas is repelled at the high pressure portion to the lower sand layer. Backflow toward the center effectively suppresses gas blow-through at the center, and ensures good mixing.
【００３０】すなわち、第２噴射口１４Ｂからの噴射流
を上下から挾む旋回流は、剪断流れの形成によって混合
を促す役割と、第２噴射口１４Ｂからの噴射流の方向を
適正に保って中央部吹き抜け防止効果を維持する役割の
双方を担うことになる。That is, the swirling flow sandwiching the jet flow from the second injection port 14B from above and below plays the role of promoting the mixing by the formation of the shear flow, and properly maintains the direction of the jet flow from the second injection port 14B. It will play both roles in maintaining the central part blow-through prevention effect.
【００３１】また、本実施例の焼却炉では、上記第２噴
射口１４Ｂから第１噴射口１４Ａまでの距離ｄ12と上記
第２噴射口１４Ｂから第３噴射口１４Ｃまでの距離ｄ23
とを等しく設定し、かつ、上記第２噴射口１４Ｂによる
噴射方向に対する第３噴射口１４Ｃによる噴射方向の相
対角度を、上記第２噴射口１４Ｂによる噴射方向に対す
る第１噴射口１４Ａによる噴射方向の相対角度と逆向き
でかつ大きさの等しい角度に設定しているので、流量調
整弁１７Ａ，１７Ｃの操作によって、第１噴射口１４Ａ
からの噴射流量と上記第３噴射口１４Ｃからの噴射流量
とを略同等に設定することにより、第２噴射口１４Ｂの
噴射領域で両旋回流による影響を確実に相殺することが
できる。Further, in the incinerator of this embodiment, the distance d 12 from the second injection port 14B to the first injection port 14A and the distance d 23 from the second injection port 14B to the third injection port 14C.
Are set equal, and the relative angle of the injection direction by the third injection port 14C with respect to the injection direction by the second injection port 14B is changed by the injection direction of the first injection port 14A with respect to the injection direction by the second injection port 14B. Since the angle is set opposite to the relative angle and equal in size, the first injection port 14A is operated by operating the flow control valves 17A and 17C.
By setting the injection flow rate from the third injection port 14C and the injection flow rate from the third injection port 14C to be substantially equal, it is possible to surely cancel out the effects of both swirling flows in the injection area of the second injection port 14B.
【００３２】なお、上述のように、良好な混合性を確保
するには中央部の吹き抜けを防ぐことが前提となるの
で、上記焼却炉本体内へのごみ等の投入量が減少した場
合、第２噴射口１４Ｂからの噴射流量は固定しておき、
流量調整弁１７Ａ，１７Ｃのみを操作して上記第１噴射
口１４Ａからの噴射流量及び上記第３噴射口１４Ｃから
の噴射流量のみを減少させるようにすれば、全体の噴射
流量は減少させても第２噴射口１４Ｂの噴射流による吹
き抜け防止作用は確実に維持することができ、これによ
り良好な混合性を確保することが可能となる。As described above, since it is premised to prevent blow-through at the center in order to ensure good mixing, when the amount of dust or the like charged into the incinerator main body decreases, the The injection flow rate from the second injection port 14B is fixed,
If only the flow rate adjusting valves 17A and 17C are operated to reduce only the injection flow rate from the first injection port 14A and the injection flow rate from the third injection port 14C, the overall injection flow rate can be reduced. The blow-through prevention action by the jet flow of the second jet port 14B can be surely maintained, and thereby good mixing properties can be ensured.
【００３３】図３及び図４は、前記図６で示した従来の
焼却炉及び図１に示した本実施例の焼却炉におけるＣＯ
の混合状態及びガスの速度ベクトルを流動数値計算で算
出した結果を示したものである。ただし、ＣＯの混合状
態については、砂層部分に適当量のトレーサを流してそ
の追跡により演算を行っている。これらの図を参照すれ
ば、従来の焼却炉内部では再循環渦がほとんど形成され
ず、ＣＯの混合状態が悪いのに対し、本実施例の焼却炉
では２次燃焼領域に明らかな再循環渦が形成され、しか
も中央で逆流が発生してガス吹き抜けが効果的に防止さ
れていることが理解できる。FIGS. 3 and 4 show the CO in the conventional incinerator shown in FIG. 6 and the CO in the incinerator of this embodiment shown in FIG.
3 shows the result of calculating the mixed state and the velocity vector of the gas by numerical flow calculation. However, regarding the mixed state of CO, an appropriate amount of tracer is allowed to flow through the sand layer portion, and the calculation is performed by tracking the tracer. Referring to these figures, the recirculation vortex is hardly formed inside the conventional incinerator, and the mixed state of CO is poor. On the other hand, in the incinerator according to the present embodiment, the recirculation vortex clearly appears in the secondary combustion region. It can be understood that backflow is generated at the center and gas blow-through is effectively prevented.
【００３４】なお、本発明は以上説明した実施例に限定
されるものでなく、例として次のような態様をとること
も可能である。The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, but may take the following forms as examples.
【００３５】(1) 本発明において、各噴射口１４Ａ〜１
４Ｃの具体的な高さ位置は問わないが、最下段の第１噴
射口１４Ａの高さ位置は、少なくとも１次燃焼領域の砂
層等により噴射流が影響を受けない程度まで高く設定す
ることが極めて望ましい。(1) In the present invention, each of the injection ports 14A to 14A
Although the specific height position of 4C is not limited, the height position of the lowermost first injection port 14A may be set at least high enough that the injection flow is not affected by the sand layer or the like in the primary combustion area. Extremely desirable.
【００３６】(2) 本発明では、２次燃焼領域での空気比
も適宜設定すればよい。ただし、この領域で1000℃程度
の高温を維持できるように上記空気比を調節することが
好ましい。(2) In the present invention, the air ratio in the secondary combustion region may be set appropriately. However, it is preferable to adjust the air ratio so that a high temperature of about 1000 ° C. can be maintained in this region.
【００３７】(3) 本発明では、補助燃焼空気の具体的な
温度は問わないが、この補助燃焼空気を導入前に予熱し
ておけば、この導入による焼却炉内の冷却を回避するこ
とができ、より良好な燃焼を確保できる。(3) In the present invention, the specific temperature of the auxiliary combustion air does not matter, but if the auxiliary combustion air is preheated before the introduction, the cooling in the incinerator due to the introduction can be avoided. And better combustion can be ensured.
【００３８】(4) 本発明では、焼却炉の平断面形状を問
わず、例えば前記図１に示すＡ−Ａ線、Ｂ−Ｂ線、及び
Ｃ−Ｃ線で切った断面が図５（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）に示す
ように矩形のものであっても、これらの図に示されるよ
うに、前記実施例と同様に第１噴射口１４Ａによる噴射
領域では旋回流を、第２噴射口１４Ｂによる噴射領域で
は中央へ向かう噴射流を、第３噴射口１４Ｃによる噴射
領域では上記旋回流と逆向きの旋回流をそれぞれ形成す
るように噴射方向を設定することにより、前記実施例と
同様の良好な混合性を得ることができる。(4) In the present invention, the cross section taken along line AA, line BB, and line CC shown in FIG. 1, for example, is shown in FIG. (B) Even in the case of a rectangular shape as shown in (c), as shown in these figures, the swirling flow is generated in the injection region by the first injection port 14A and the second injection In the same manner as in the previous embodiment, the injection direction is set so as to form the injection flow toward the center in the injection region by the port 14B, and to form the swirl flow in the injection region by the third injection port 14C in the direction opposite to the swirl flow. Can obtain good mixing properties.
【００３９】また、上記実施例では第１噴射口１４Ａに
よる噴射領域で時計回り方向の旋回流を、第３噴射口１
４Ｃによる噴射領域で反時計回り方向の旋回流をそれぞ
れ形成しているが、逆に第１噴射口１４Ａによる噴射領
域で反時計回り方向の旋回流を、第３噴射口１４Ｃによ
る噴射領域で時計回り方向の旋回流をそれぞれ形成する
ようにしてもよい。In the above embodiment, the swirling flow in the clockwise direction in the injection region of the first injection port 14A is generated by the third injection port 1A.
While the swirl flow in the counterclockwise direction is formed in the injection region by 4C, the swirl flow in the counterclockwise direction in the injection region by the first injection port 14A and the clockwise rotation in the injection region by the third injection port 14C. The swirling flows in the circumferential direction may be respectively formed.
【００４０】[0040]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明は、２次燃焼領域に
対して補助燃焼空気を噴射する手段として、水平面上に
旋回流を形成する第１噴射部と、焼却炉本体中央部に向
かう方向の噴射流を形成する第２噴射部と、上記第１噴
射部による旋回流と逆向きの旋回流を形成する第３噴射
部とを順に設けたものであるので、各噴射部間で発生す
る剪断流れによって補助燃焼空気と熱分解ガスとの混合
を促すとともに、上下の旋回流の旋回方向成分を中間の
第２噴射部による噴射領域で相殺してこの第２噴射部で
中央向きの噴射流を確保することにより、この噴射流に
よる中央部ガス吹き抜け防止作用を良好に維持すること
ができ、これにより十分な混合性を得てダイオキシンの
排出を大幅に抑制することができる効果がある。As described above, according to the present invention, as means for injecting auxiliary combustion air into the secondary combustion area, the first injection section for forming a swirling flow on the horizontal plane and the center of the incinerator main body. Since the second injection unit that forms the jet flow in the direction and the third injection unit that forms the swirl flow in the opposite direction to the swirl flow of the first injection unit are provided in order, the flow is generated between the respective injection units. The mixing of the auxiliary combustion air and the pyrolysis gas is promoted by the generated shear flow, and the swirling direction components of the upper and lower swirling flows are canceled in the injection region by the intermediate second injection unit, and the injection toward the center is performed by the second injection unit. By ensuring the flow, the effect of preventing the central gas from being blown through by the jet flow can be favorably maintained, whereby there is an effect that sufficient mixing is obtained and the emission of dioxin can be largely suppressed.
【００４１】ここで、請求項２記載の焼却炉では、上記
第２噴射部から第１噴射部までの高さ方向の距離と上記
第２噴射部から第３噴射部までの高さ方向の距離とを等
しく設定し、かつ、上記第２噴射部による噴射方向に対
する第３噴射部による噴射方向の相対角度を、上記第２
噴射部による噴射方向に対する第１噴射部による噴射方
向の相対角度と逆向きでかつ大きさの等しい角度に設定
しているので、請求項３記載のように上記第１噴射部か
らの噴射流量と上記第３噴射部からの噴射流量とを略同
等に設定することにより、第２噴射部において両旋回流
をより確実に相殺することができ、これにより十分な中
央部吹き抜け防止作用を維持することができる効果があ
る。Here, in the incinerator according to the second aspect, the distance in the height direction from the second injection unit to the first injection unit and the distance in the height direction from the second injection unit to the third injection unit. Are set equal, and the relative angle of the injection direction of the third injection unit with respect to the injection direction of the second injection unit is set to the second angle.
Since the angle is opposite to and equal to the angle of the injection direction of the first injection unit with respect to the injection direction of the injection unit, the injection flow rate from the first injection unit is set as described in claim 3. By setting the injection flow rate from the third injection section to be substantially equal to each other, it is possible to more reliably cancel both swirling flows in the second injection section, thereby maintaining a sufficient central part blow-through prevention effect. There is an effect that can be.
【００４２】また、請求項４記載のように、上記焼却炉
本体内への被焼却物供給量が減少した時に上記第１噴射
部からの噴射流量及び上記第３噴射部からの噴射流量の
みを減少させることにより、全体の噴射流量は減少させ
ても第２噴射部の噴射流による吹き抜け防止作用は確実
に維持することができ、これにより良好な混合性を確保
できる効果が得られる。Further, when the supply amount of the incinerator into the incinerator main body is reduced, only the injection flow rate from the first injection section and the injection flow rate from the third injection section are determined. By reducing the amount, even if the overall injection flow rate is reduced, the blow-by prevention action by the injection flow of the second injection unit can be reliably maintained, and the effect of ensuring good mixing properties can be obtained.
【図１】本発明の第１実施例における焼却炉の要部を示
す断面正面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional front view showing a main part of an incinerator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】（ａ）は図１のＡ−Ａ線断面図、（ｂ）は図１
のＢ−Ｂ線断面図、（ｃ）は図１のＣ−Ｃ線断面図であ
る。2A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1, and FIG.
1 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2C is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.
【図３】従来の焼却炉におけるＣＯの混合状態及びガス
の速度ベクトルを演算した結果を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a result of calculating a mixed state of CO and a velocity vector of gas in a conventional incinerator.
【図４】上記実施例の焼却炉におけるＣＯの混合状態及
びガスの速度ベクトルを演算した結果を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a result of calculating a mixed state of CO and a velocity vector of gas in the incinerator of the embodiment.
【図５】（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）は本発明の焼却炉の平断面
形状の変形例を示す断面平面図である。5 (a), 5 (b) and 5 (c) are cross-sectional plan views showing modified examples of the planar cross-sectional shape of the incinerator of the present invention.
【図６】従来の焼却炉の一例を示す断面正面図である。FIG. 6 is a sectional front view showing an example of a conventional incinerator.
１０ 焼却炉本体 １４Ａ 第１噴射口 １４Ｂ 第２噴射口 １４Ｃ 第３噴射口 １５ 空気供給装置 １６ フリーボード DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Incinerator main body 14A 1st injection port 14B 2nd injection port 14C 3rd injection port 15 Air supply device 16 Free board
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 小倉 賢蔵 神戸市中央区脇浜町１丁目３番18号 株 式会社神戸製鋼所 神戸本社内 (56)参考文献 特開 平５−288305（ＪＰ，Ａ) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Kenzo Kokura 1-3-18 Wakihama-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe Kobe Steel, Ltd. Kobe Head Office (56) References JP-A-5-288305 (JP, A )
Claims (4)
物を燃焼してガス化する１次燃焼領域が形成され、この
１次燃焼領域よりも上方の焼却炉本体内空間に上記ガス
をさらに燃焼する２次燃焼領域が形成された焼却炉にお
いて、上記２次燃焼領域に対し水平面上に旋回流を形成
する方向に補助燃焼空気を噴射する複数の第１噴射部を
周方向に並設し、これら第１噴射部よりも上方の高さ位
置の水平断面上で、上記２次燃焼領域に対しその中央部
に向かう方向に補助燃焼空気を噴射する複数の第２噴射
部を周方向に並設し、これら第２噴射部よりも上方の高
さ位置に、上記２次燃焼領域に対し水平面上に上記第１
噴射部による旋回流と逆向きの旋回流を形成する方向に
補助燃焼空気を噴射する複数の第３噴射部を周方向に並
設したことを特徴とする焼却炉。A primary combustion region is formed at the bottom of the incinerator main body to burn and gasify the supplied incineration material, and the gas is provided in an incinerator main body space above the primary combustion region. In the incinerator in which a secondary combustion region for further burning the fuel is formed, a plurality of first injection units for injecting auxiliary combustion air in a direction of forming a swirling flow on a horizontal plane with respect to the secondary combustion region are arranged in a circumferential direction. A plurality of second injection units for injecting auxiliary combustion air in a direction toward the center of the secondary combustion region on a horizontal cross section at a height position higher than the first injection units. And at a height position higher than the second injection section, the first combustion section is located on a horizontal plane with respect to the secondary combustion area.
An incinerator characterized in that a plurality of third injection units for injecting auxiliary combustion air in a direction forming a swirl flow in a direction opposite to a swirl flow by an injection unit are arranged in a circumferential direction.
２噴射部から第１噴射部までの高さ方向の距離と上記第
２噴射部から第３噴射部までの高さ方向の距離とを等し
く設定するとともに、上記第２噴射部による噴射方向に
対する第３噴射部による噴射方向の相対角度を、上記第
２噴射部による噴射方向に対する第１噴射部による噴射
方向の相対角度と逆向きでかつ大きさの等しい角度に設
定したことを特徴とする焼却炉。2. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a distance in a height direction from the second injection unit to the first injection unit and a distance in a height direction from the second injection unit to the third injection unit are determined. And the relative angle of the injection direction of the third injection unit with respect to the injection direction of the second injection unit is opposite to the relative angle of the injection direction of the first injection unit with respect to the injection direction of the second injection unit. An incinerator characterized in that the angles are set to be equal in size.
１噴射部からの噴射流量と上記第３噴射部からの噴射流
量とを略同等に設定することを特徴とする焼却炉による
焼却方法。3. The incineration method according to claim 2, wherein an injection flow rate from said first injection section and an injection flow rate from said third injection section are set substantially equal. .
て、上記焼却炉本体内への被焼却物供給量が減少した時
に上記第１噴射部からの噴射流量及び上記第３噴射部か
らの噴射流量のみを減少させることを特徴とする焼却炉
による焼却方法。4. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein when the supply amount of the incinerated material into the incinerator main body decreases, the injection flow rate from the first injection unit and the injection flow from the third injection unit. An incineration method using an incinerator characterized by reducing only the flow rate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32467593A JP2714530B2 (en) | 1993-12-22 | 1993-12-22 | Incinerator and incineration method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32467593A JP2714530B2 (en) | 1993-12-22 | 1993-12-22 | Incinerator and incineration method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07180822A JPH07180822A (en) | 1995-07-18 |
| JP2714530B2 true JP2714530B2 (en) | 1998-02-16 |
Family
ID=18168478
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32467593A Expired - Lifetime JP2714530B2 (en) | 1993-12-22 | 1993-12-22 | Incinerator and incineration method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2714530B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6418866B1 (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 2002-07-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Operating method of fluidized-bed incinerator and the incinerator |
| JP3652983B2 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2005-05-25 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Fluidized bed combustor |
| JP5219468B2 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2013-06-26 | 日立造船株式会社 | Blowing method of secondary combustion air in the secondary combustion chamber |
| JP5435973B2 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2014-03-05 | メタウォーター株式会社 | Fluidized incinerator |
| CN102252338A (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2011-11-23 | 西安交通大学 | Concentric double-casing strong-turbulence secondary air spray pipe structure |
| JP5943574B2 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2016-07-05 | 株式会社御池鐵工所 | Combustion furnace |
| JP5999883B2 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2016-09-28 | 株式会社御池鐵工所 | Combustion furnace |
| KR102368636B1 (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-02-25 | 박주민 | Movable high temperature incineretor |
| KR102154450B1 (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-09-09 | 태성디에스티주식회사 | Incinerator |
| KR102197126B1 (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-12-31 | 태성디에스티주식회사 | A combustion air supply apparatus for use in an incinerator |
-
1993
- 1993-12-22 JP JP32467593A patent/JP2714530B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH07180822A (en) | 1995-07-18 |
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