JP2707154B2 - Transducer for ultrasonic snow depth gauge - Google Patents
Transducer for ultrasonic snow depth gaugeInfo
- Publication number
- JP2707154B2 JP2707154B2 JP2270989A JP27098990A JP2707154B2 JP 2707154 B2 JP2707154 B2 JP 2707154B2 JP 2270989 A JP2270989 A JP 2270989A JP 27098990 A JP27098990 A JP 27098990A JP 2707154 B2 JP2707154 B2 JP 2707154B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reception
- snow depth
- circuit
- time
- propagation time
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、超音波の伝播時間により積雪深を測定する
超音波式積雪深計に用いられる変換器に関するものであ
る。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a transducer used in an ultrasonic snow depth meter that measures snow depth based on the propagation time of ultrasonic waves.
従来のこの種の変換器としては、例えば第３図に示す
ように、送受波器１、前置増幅回路21、受信回路22及び
送信回路23からなる送受信回路２、ノイズゲート回路1
0、積雪深検出回路11、判別ゲート回路12、ピークホー
ルド回路13、出力回路８、制御回路14、トリガー回路15
とからなっている。Conventional converters of this type, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the transducer 1, the preamplifier circuit 2 1, the receiving circuit 2 2 and the transmitting and receiving circuit 2 consisting of the transmission circuit 2 3, a noise gate circuit 1
0, snow depth detection circuit 11, discrimination gate circuit 12, peak hold circuit 13, output circuit 8, control circuit 14, trigger circuit 15
It consists of
そして、積雪深の測定に際し、前記送受波器１は、送
信回路23から一定周期の送信パルスを受け取って雪面に
向かって超音波を発射すると共に該雪面から反射した超
音波を受信し、この受信パルスは前置増幅回路21、受信
回路２で増幅され、ノイズゲート回路10に送られる。ノ
イズゲート回路10は、測定の一回前の積雪深に相当する
時点から微小時間前の時点にてゲートを開き、受信時点
でゲートを閉じることにより、ノイズを除去している。
一方、前記ノイズゲート回路10には制御回路14から送信
パルスとは別のパルスが送信と同時に送られ、積雪深検
出回路11で超音波伝播時間が計算される。そして、あら
かじめ雪がないときに測定した送受波器１から基準面ま
での往復伝播時間から前記伝播時間を差し引いて積雪深
が算出される。次に、この積雪深は判別ゲート回路12で
前回測定値と比較され、数値が大きい場合に記憶され
る。そして、前記最大積雪値は所定測定時間の区切り期
間（例えば10分間〜20分間）ごとにピークホールド回路
12にラッチせしめて出力され、出力回路８にてアナログ
出力に変換されて出力される。Then, when the measurement of snow depth, the wave transceiver 1 receives the ultrasonic wave reflected from該雪surface with toward the snow surface receives the transmitted pulse having a predetermined period from the transmission circuit 2 3 emits ultrasonic waves the received pulse is amplified by the preamplifier 2 1, the receiving circuit 2 and sent to the noise gate circuit 10. The noise gate circuit 10 removes noise by opening the gate at a time a minute before the time corresponding to the snow depth one time before the measurement and closing the gate at the time of reception.
On the other hand, a pulse different from the transmission pulse is sent from the control circuit 14 to the noise gate circuit 10 at the same time as the transmission, and the ultrasonic wave propagation time is calculated by the snow depth detection circuit 11. Then, the snow propagation depth is calculated by subtracting the propagation time from the round trip propagation time from the transducer 1 to the reference plane measured beforehand when there is no snow. Next, this snow depth is compared with the previous measurement value by the discrimination gate circuit 12, and is stored when the numerical value is large. The maximum snow value is calculated by a peak hold circuit for each predetermined measurement time interval (for example, 10 to 20 minutes).
The signal is latched at 12 and output, converted to an analog output by the output circuit 8 and output.
しかしながら、この従来の超音波式積雪深計用の変換
器では、積雪深の測定に際し、外乱による電気的又は音
響的雑音による擬似受波の対策が不充分で、例えば道路
冠雪情報などに用いる場合、設置環境の悪化に伴って外
部雑音や移動性障害物の影響を受け積雪深の測定に障害
がでるという問題点があった。However, in the conventional transducer for an ultrasonic snow depth gauge, when measuring the snow depth, measures against simulated reception due to electric or acoustic noise due to disturbance are insufficient, and are used, for example, for road snow cover information. In this case, there is a problem that the measurement of the snow depth is hindered due to the influence of external noise and a moving obstacle with the deterioration of the installation environment.
本発明は、この従来の問題点を解消する超音波式積雪
深計用変換器を提供しようとするものである。An object of the present invention is to provide a transducer for an ultrasonic snow depth gauge that solves the conventional problems.
本発明は、送波器から繰り返し発信される超音波を受
波器で受信し、その伝播時間から積雪深を算出する変換
器を備えた超音波式積雪深計において、前記受波器から
の受信波形の受波レベル最大値と雑音レベル値とのSN比
を受波毎に演算し、このSN比の受波基準値以上のものを
受波とみなし、この各受波についてしき値に達したとき
の伝播時間を演算する受波判別回路と、この伝播時間を
所定測定時間ごとに記憶し、この所定測定時間内に記憶
された伝播時間の頻度分布を求め、この頻度分布中の最
大頻度位置とその両隣の頻度位置の伝播時間から受波到
達時間を演算により推定し、該推定した受波到達時間を
用いて積雪深を算出する積雪深算出回路とを備えたこと
を特徴とする超音波式積雪深計用変換器である。The present invention relates to an ultrasonic snow depth meter provided with a converter that receives an ultrasonic wave repeatedly transmitted from a transmitter at a receiver and calculates a snow depth from the propagation time. The S / N ratio between the maximum value of the received level of the received waveform and the noise level value is calculated for each received signal.If the S / N ratio is equal to or greater than the received reference value, the signal is regarded as received, and the threshold is reached for each received signal. Receiving time discriminating circuit for calculating the propagation time when the time is calculated, storing the propagation time for each predetermined measurement time, obtaining the frequency distribution of the propagation times stored within the predetermined measurement time, and determining the maximum frequency in the frequency distribution A snow depth calculation circuit for estimating the reception time from the position and the propagation times of the adjacent frequency positions by calculation, and calculating the snow depth using the estimated reception time. This is a transducer for sonic snow depth measurement.
受波器からの受波は、受波判別回路において、受波レ
ベル最大値と雑音レベル値とのSN比が演算され、このSN
比の受波基準値以上のものを受波とみなし、この受波に
ついてしきい値に達したときの伝播時間が演算される。
また、積雪深算出回路では、前記受波判別回路で演算さ
れた伝播時間を所定測定時間ごとに記憶し、この所定測
定時間内に記憶された伝播時間の頻度分布から計算推定
される受波到達時間を算出し、これにより積雪付加の算
出がなされる。For the reception from the receiver, the S / N ratio between the maximum reception level and the noise level is calculated in a reception determination circuit.
A signal having a ratio equal to or greater than the reception reference value is regarded as reception, and a propagation time when a threshold value is reached for this reception is calculated.
In the snow depth calculation circuit, the propagation time calculated by the wave reception determination circuit is stored for each predetermined measurement time, and the reception time calculated and estimated from the frequency distribution of the propagation time stored within the predetermined measurement time is stored. The time is calculated, and the addition of snow is calculated based on the calculated time.
本発明の実施例を第１図に基づいて説明すると、送受
波器１には送受信回路２が連結され、該送受信回路２は
受波整形器３及びA/D変換器４を介して受波判別回路５
に連結されている。そして、前記受波判別回路５は積雪
深算出回路６及びAGC（Auto Gain Control）制御回路９
に接続されている。また、前記積雪深算出回路６は、受
信追尾ゲート回路７及び出力回路８に、該受波追尾ゲー
ト回路７は受波判別回路５に夫々連結されて、前記AGC
制御回路９は送受信回路２に連結されている。An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. A transmitting / receiving circuit 1 is connected to a transmitting / receiving circuit 2, and the transmitting / receiving circuit 2 receives a signal via a receiving / shaping device 3 and an A / D converter 4. Discrimination circuit 5
It is connected to. The wave receiving determination circuit 5 includes a snow depth calculation circuit 6 and an AGC (Auto Gain Control) control circuit 9.
It is connected to the. The snow depth calculation circuit 6 is connected to a reception tracking gate circuit 7 and an output circuit 8, and the reception tracking gate circuit 7 is connected to a reception determination circuit 5, respectively.
The control circuit 9 is connected to the transmission / reception circuit 2.
そして、積雪深の測定に際し、前記送受波器１は送受
信回路２から一定周期の送信パルスを受け取って雪面に
向かって超音波を発射すると共に、該雪面から反射した
超音波を受信し、この受信パルスは送受信回路２で増幅
され、AGC制御回路９によってAGC制御されて受波整形器
３によって整形される。そして、この受信パルスはA/D
変換器４でディジタル化される。そして、受波判別回路
５では、第２図に示すように、受信波形の受波サンプル
値の受波レベル最大値（AP）と雑音レベル値（AN）との
SN比（SN＝AP/AN）を受波ごとに演算し、このSN比が受
波基準値以上のものを受波とみなし、受波基準値に達し
ないものは雑音とみなされる。When measuring the snow depth, the transmitter / receiver 1 receives a transmission pulse of a fixed period from the transmission / reception circuit 2 and emits an ultrasonic wave toward the snow surface, and receives the ultrasonic wave reflected from the snow surface, The received pulse is amplified by the transmission / reception circuit 2, subjected to AGC control by the AGC control circuit 9, and shaped by the wave shaper 3. And this reception pulse is A / D
The data is digitized by the converter 4. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the reception signal discriminating circuit 5 determines the maximum value (A P ) of the reception sample value of the reception waveform and the noise level value (A N ).
The S / N ratio (SN = A P / A N ) is calculated for each received wave. If the S / N ratio is equal to or higher than the reception reference value, it is regarded as reception. If the S / N ratio does not reach the reception reference value, it is regarded as noise.
受波基準値としてはS/N比２〜４程度である。これ
は、実験値として受波のない雑音状態で１＜SN＜２、実
際の雪面においてはSN＞４の値が得られていることによ
るものである。そして、第２図に示すように受波レベル
がしきい値ATに達したときの超音波伝播時間を演算する
ことについては従来通りである。なお、しきい値ATは受
波レベルレベル最大値（AP）と雑音レベル値（AN）に連
動させることができる。The S / N ratio is about 2 to 4 as the reception reference value. This is because experimental values of 1 <SN <2 in a noise state without reception and SN> 4 on an actual snow surface are obtained. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the calculation of the ultrasonic wave propagation time when the reception level reaches the threshold value AT is the same as the conventional one. The threshold value AT can be linked to the maximum reception level (A P ) and the noise level (A N ).
また、積雪深算出回路６では、前記受波判別回路５で
演算された数10個以上の伝播時間を所定測定時時間（通
常５分または10分）ごとに記憶する。そして、記憶され
た伝播時間の頻度分布から積雪深を算出する。ここで積
雪深を算出するに当たり、計算推定される受波到達時間
trは計算推定パルス数irと基準クロック周期tnとの積に
より次式で表される。In addition, the snow depth calculation circuit 6 stores several tens or more propagation times calculated by the wave reception determination circuit 5 for each predetermined measurement time (normally 5 minutes or 10 minutes). Then, the snow depth is calculated from the stored propagation time frequency distribution. In calculating the snow depth here, the estimated arrival time of the received wave
t r is represented by the following formula by the product of the calculated estimated pulse number i r and the reference clock period t n.
tr＝ir・tn そして、計算推定パルス数irは、最頻値とそのとなり
合う両側分解能の頻度により下式で表される。t r = i r · t n The calculated estimated number of pulses i r is represented by the following equation based on the mode and the frequency of the two-sided resolution that comes next.
λは記憶パルス数の最頻度数、λ-aはａランク幅の低
階級の度数、λ+aはａランク幅の高階級の度数、ｉλは
λに対応するパルス数境界値、ｉλ−ａはｉ−ａに対応
するパルス数境界値、ｉλ＋ａはλ+aに対応するパルス
数境界値である。 λ is the most frequent number of the stored pulse number, λ -a is the frequency of the lower class with a rank width, λ + a is the frequency of the higher class with rank rank a, i λ is the pulse number boundary value corresponding to λ , i λ −a is a pulse number boundary value corresponding to i− a, and iλ + a is a pulse number boundary value corresponding to λ + a .
次に積雪深の算出は、前記計算測定される受波到達時
間trをあらかじめ雪がないときに測定した送受波器１か
ら基準面までの往復伝播時間から差し引いてなされる。
なお、前記受波判別回路５により棄却されたデータが多
く、標本数が全データ数の20％程度に満たない場合は前
回の測定データをラッチするものとする。Then calculate the snow depth is done by subtracting from the round-trip propagation time from the transducer 1 measured when the not Yukiga calculated the measured reception arrival time t r in advance to the reference plane.
When a large amount of data is rejected by the wave reception discriminating circuit 5 and the number of samples is less than about 20% of the total number of data, the previous measurement data is latched.
そして、前記積雪深は出力回路８にてアナログ出力に
変換されて出力されると共に受波追尾ゲート回路７に送
られる。受波追尾ゲート回路７は前記積雪深算出回路６
の算出結果から時間のサンプルゲートを今回の伝播時間
を中心に作用させ、これは積雪深計では±80cm程度に相
当し、起り得る最大積雪深変化を充分にカバーしてい
る。Then, the snow depth is converted into an analog output by the output circuit 8 and output, and is also sent to the reception tracking gate circuit 7. The reception tracking gate circuit 7 is provided with the snow depth calculation circuit 6.
From the calculation result, the sample gate of time is made to act around the propagation time of this time, which is equivalent to about ± 80 cm in the snow depth meter, and sufficiently covers the maximum possible snow depth change.
このように、前記受波判別回路５において、受波レベ
ル最大値と雑音レベル値とのSN比を受波ごとに演算し、
このSN比の受波基準値以上のものを受波とみなし、この
受波についてしきい値に達したときを伝播時間として演
算するから、外乱による電気的又は音響的雑音による擬
似受波の影響は少なくなるものである。また、積雪深算
出回路６において、受波判別回路５からの伝播時間を所
定測定時間毎に記憶し、この所定時間内に記憶された伝
播時間の頻度分布から推定到達時間を算出し、これによ
り積雪深を算出するから、所定時間内の最大積雪深を出
力する従来の変換器より耐雑音性に優れている。In this way, the reception discrimination circuit 5 calculates the SN ratio between the maximum reception level and the noise level for each reception,
A signal having a SN ratio equal to or greater than the reception reference value is regarded as reception, and when the threshold value is reached for this reception, it is calculated as the propagation time. Is less. In addition, the snow depth calculation circuit 6 stores the propagation time from the wave receiving discrimination circuit 5 for each predetermined measurement time, and calculates the estimated arrival time from the frequency distribution of the propagation time stored within the predetermined time. Since the snow depth is calculated, it is more excellent in noise resistance than a conventional converter that outputs the maximum snow depth within a predetermined time.
〔発明の効果〕 本発明は、受波器から受信波形の受波レベル最大値と
雑音レベル値とのSN比の受波ごとに演算し、このSN比の
受波基準値以上のものを受波とみなし、この各受波につ
いてしきい値に達したときの伝播時間を演算する受波判
別回路と、この伝播時間を所定測定時間ごとに記憶し、
この所定測定時間内に記憶された伝播時間の頻度分布を
求め、この頻度分布中の最大頻度位置とその両隣の頻度
位置の伝播時間から受波到達時間を演算により推定し、
該推定した受波到達時間を用いて積雪深を算出する積雪
深算出回路を備えたから、ノイズを混ざった品質の悪い
受信波については受波そのものを計測対象から除外し、
さらに、この選別した品質のよい受信波のみを用いて最
適な伝播時間を演算により推定することができ、屋外に
おける積雪深の測定という極めて厳しい測定環境下にお
いて耐雑音性に優れた信頼性の高い積雪深データを得る
ことができる。また、頻度分布中の最大頻度位置とその
両隣の頻度位置の伝播時間から受波到達時間を演算によ
り推定しているので、受波信号がとのような反射波パタ
ーンであったとしても確実かつ正確に受波到達時間を推
定して検出することができ、装置としての汎用性を向上
することができる。[Effects of the Invention] The present invention calculates, for each reception of the S / N ratio between the reception level maximum value and the noise level value of the reception waveform from the receiver, and receives a signal having an S / N ratio equal to or higher than the reception reference value. A wave reception determining circuit that calculates a propagation time when a threshold value is reached for each of the received waves, and stores the propagation time for each predetermined measurement time,
The frequency distribution of the propagation time stored within the predetermined measurement time is obtained, and the reception time is estimated by calculation from the propagation time of the maximum frequency position in the frequency distribution and the frequency positions on both sides thereof,
Since it has a snow depth calculation circuit that calculates the snow depth using the estimated received wave arrival time, for a received wave of poor quality mixed with noise, the received wave itself is excluded from the measurement target,
Furthermore, the optimum propagation time can be estimated by calculation using only the selected high-quality received waves, and a highly reliable noise-resistant and highly rugged environment under the extremely severe measurement environment of snow depth measurement outdoors. Snow depth data can be obtained. In addition, since the reception time is estimated by calculation from the propagation time of the maximum frequency position in the frequency distribution and the frequency positions on both sides of the maximum frequency position, even if the received signal is a reflected wave pattern like The reception time can be accurately estimated and detected, and the versatility of the device can be improved.
第１図は、本発明の実施例のブロックダイヤグラム、第
２図は受波判別回路の時間−機能説明図、第３図は従来
側のブロックダイヤグラムである。 １……送受波器、２……送受信回路、３……受波整形
器、４……A/D変換器、５……受波判別回路、６……積
雪深算出回路、７……受波追尾ゲート回路、８……出力
回路、９……AGC制御回路。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a time-function of a reception receiving circuit, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a conventional side. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Transceiver / transmitter / receiver, 2 ... Transmission / reception circuit, 3 ... Receiving shaping device, 4 ... A / D converter, 5 ... Receiving discrimination circuit, 6 ... Snow depth calculation circuit, 7 ... Receiving Wave tracking gate circuit, 8 output circuit, 9 AGC control circuit.
Claims (2)
波器で受信し、その伝播時間から積雪深を逐次算出する
変換器を備えた超音波式積雪深計において、 前記受波器からの受信波形の受波レベル最大値と雑音レ
ベル値とのSN比を受波毎に演算し、このSN比の受波基準
値以上のものを受波とみなし、この各受波についてしき
い値に達したときの伝播時間を演算する受波判別回路
と、 この伝播時間を所定測定時間ごとに記憶し、この所定測
定時間内に記憶された伝播時間の頻度分布を求め、この
頻度分布中の最大頻度位置とその両隣の頻度位置の伝播
時間から受波到達時間を演算により推定し、該推定した
受波到達時間を用いて積雪深を算出する積雪深算出回路
とを備えたことを特徴とする超音波式積雪深計用変換
器。An ultrasonic snow depth meter provided with a converter for receiving an ultrasonic wave repeatedly transmitted from a transmitter by a receiver and sequentially calculating a snow depth from a propagation time of the ultrasonic wave. The S / N ratio between the maximum reception level and the noise level of the reception waveform from the receiver is calculated for each reception, and those having the S / N ratio equal to or higher than the reception reference value are regarded as reception, and a threshold is set for each reception. A reception discrimination circuit that calculates a propagation time when the value reaches the value, storing the propagation time for each predetermined measurement time, obtaining a frequency distribution of the propagation times stored within the predetermined measurement time, And a snow depth calculation circuit for estimating the reception time from the propagation time of the maximum frequency position and the frequency positions on both sides thereof by calculation, and calculating the snow depth using the estimated reception time. Ultrasonic Snow Depth Converter.
播時間算出結果からサンプリングゲートを開く受波追尾
ゲート回路を設けたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の超
音波式積雪深計用変換器。2. The ultrasonic snow depth meter according to claim 1, wherein said wave receiving determination circuit is provided with a wave tracking gate circuit for opening a sampling gate based on a propagation time calculation result of the snow depth calculation circuit. Converter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2270989A JP2707154B2 (en) | 1990-10-09 | 1990-10-09 | Transducer for ultrasonic snow depth gauge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2270989A JP2707154B2 (en) | 1990-10-09 | 1990-10-09 | Transducer for ultrasonic snow depth gauge |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04147083A JPH04147083A (en) | 1992-05-20 |
| JP2707154B2 true JP2707154B2 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
Family
ID=17493848
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2270989A Expired - Lifetime JP2707154B2 (en) | 1990-10-09 | 1990-10-09 | Transducer for ultrasonic snow depth gauge |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2707154B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51138395A (en) * | 1975-05-26 | 1976-11-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Phase detection control system |
| JPS6015032B2 (en) * | 1978-06-20 | 1985-04-17 | 株式会社東芝 | Received signal detection device |
| JPH0713118B2 (en) * | 1987-05-25 | 1995-02-15 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | New copolymer and water and oil repellent |
-
1990
- 1990-10-09 JP JP2270989A patent/JP2707154B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04147083A (en) | 1992-05-20 |
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