JP2692795B2 - Paste type cadmium cathode for alkaline storage battery - Google Patents

Paste type cadmium cathode for alkaline storage battery

Info

Publication number
JP2692795B2
JP2692795B2 JP61183135A JP18313586A JP2692795B2 JP 2692795 B2 JP2692795 B2 JP 2692795B2 JP 61183135 A JP61183135 A JP 61183135A JP 18313586 A JP18313586 A JP 18313586A JP 2692795 B2 JP2692795 B2 JP 2692795B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
paste
active material
cathode
cadmium
alkaline storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP61183135A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6340258A (en
Inventor
龍二 川瀬
束 伊藤
正夫 市場
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP61183135A priority Critical patent/JP2692795B2/en
Publication of JPS6340258A publication Critical patent/JPS6340258A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2692795B2 publication Critical patent/JP2692795B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621Binders
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/246Cadmium electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (イ) 産業上の利用分野 本発明はニツケル−カドミウム電池などに用いられる
アルカリ蓄電池用ペースト式カドミウム陰極に関するも
のである。 (ロ) 従来の技術 一般的なアルカリ蓄電池用ペースト式カドミウム陰極
は特開昭51−631号公報に開示された如く、活物質とし
て酸化カドミウムと水酸化カドミウム、結着剤としてポ
リテトラフルオロエチレンを用い水を加えペースト状と
し、このペーストを電極芯体に塗着、乾燥するものであ
り、焼結式カドミウム陰極に比べると、製造工程が簡単
であり、廉価でカドミウム陰極を得ることができる。し
かしながらペースト式カドミウム陰極は、焼結式カドミ
ウム陰極に比べると活物質の導電性が低いため過充電時
に陽極から発生する酸素ガスの吸収能力が低く、密閉型
電池にペースト式カドミウム陰極を用いると、内部ガス
圧が上昇し易いという欠点があった。この欠点を解消す
るため前記ペースト式カドミウム陰極に化成処理を施し
導電性を付与するという方法があるが、製造工程が複雑
になりコスト高になるという問題がある。 一方、特開昭58−80268号公報において、補強材とし
てポリアミド繊維を用いることにより化成工程が不要で
酸素ガス吸収能力が優れたペースト式カドミウム陰極が
得られることが提案されているが、このカドミウム陰極
においては酸素ガス吸収能力が向上するが、焼結式カド
ミウム陰極や化成処理を施したペースト式カドミウム陰
極に比べると、やはり活物質の導電性は低く、特に低温
過充電時において完全充電までに陰極から水素ガスが発
生しこれが電池内に蓄積され、電池内圧が上昇するとい
う問題点を残していた。 また、一方特開昭60−63875公報においては活物質ペ
ーストを芯体に塗着、乾燥した後その表面にカーボン粉
末よりなる導電層を設けることにより酸素ガス吸収能力
をさらに向上させることが開示されているが、この方法
においてもやはり低温過充電時の陰極からの水素ガスの
発生を抑制することができないという問題が依然として
残っていた。 尚、前述した種々のペースト式電極においては活物質
を保持し電極強度を得るために水溶性糊料をカドミウム
活物質に対し少なくとも約0.6重量%以上が必要とされ
ており、これより少ないと電極板製造時において活物質
が脱落したり、サイクル特性が低下するものであった。 (ハ) 発明が解決しようとする問題点 本発明は前記問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、そ
の意図とするところは、活物質の導電性を向上せしめ低
温過充電時における水素ガス発生を抑制し、低温過充電
性能を大幅に改善し、且つ製造工程が容易であるアルカ
リ蓄電池用ペースト式陰極を提供せんとするものであ
る。 (ニ) 課題を解決するための手段 本発明は酸化カドミウムもしくは水酸化カドミウムを
主体とする活物質と水溶性糊料を含む活物質ペーストを
芯体に塗着した後、その表面にカーボン粉末と糊料剤よ
りなる導電層を配設せるものであって、前記水溶性糊料
の添加量を前記活物質に対して0.2〜0.4重量%とするも
のである。尚、添加せる水溶性糊料としてはヒドロキシ
プロピルセルロース(HPC)、ポリビニルアルコール(P
VA)、メチルセルロース(MC)、カルボキシメチルセル
ロース(CMC)などが用いられる。 (ホ) 作用 水溶性糊料の添加量を酸化カドミウムもしくは水酸化
カドミウム活物質に対して0.2〜0.4重量%とすることに
より、低温過充電時における水素ガス発生が抑制され
る。これは導電性のない水溶性糊料の含有量を減少させ
たことによりカドミウム活物質の導電性が向上すること
に基づくと考えられる。 (ヘ) 実施例 活物質として酸化カドミウム粉末を85重量部を主体と
し金属カドミウム粉末を15重量部、補強材としてのポリ
アミド繊維を前記活物質に対して0.75重量%、及び水溶
性糊料としてHPSを前記活物質に対して0.4重量%添加、
含有させた活物質ペーストを芯体に塗着、乾燥した後、
その極板表面に特開昭60−63875公報に記載されたよう
にカーボン粉末と糊料剤としてのPVAよりなる導電層を
塗着、形成したペースト式カドミウム陰極を作製し、公
知の焼結式ニツケル陽極と組み合わせて公称容量1.3AH
の本発明ニツケル−カドミウム蓄電池Aを得た。 また、HPC添加量を活物質に対して0.2重量%とした以
外は同様の本発明電池B、及びHPC添加量を活物質に対
して0.6重量%とした以外は同様の比較電池Cを作製し
た。 またカーボン粉末とPVAよりなる導電層を形成しない
以外は比較電池Cと同様の比較電池Dを得た。 第1図は0℃における各電池に用いた陰極の絶対容量
に対する充電電気量と充電電位の関係であり電位は標準
電極(Hg/HgO)を基準としており、第2図は第1図にお
ける陰極からの水素ガス発生量を示したものであり、陰
極容量は560mAH、充電電流は260mA、電解液はSG:1.23KO
H水溶液を用いた。 第1図より充電開始直後は活物質と芯体との間に導電
性がないため電位が卑となり、第2図に示す如く水素ガ
スが発生する。この水素ガス発生の傾向は比較電池C,D
ほど強く、連続するものである。しかしながら本発明電
池A,Bは水溶性糊料の量を0.2〜0.4重量%としているの
で活物質の導電性が向上し活物質が充電されやすくな
り、第2図に示す如く水素ガス発生が抑制されている。 また第3図は各電池の0℃過充電時における電池内部
の水素ガス分圧を示した図である。尚、この時の充電電
流は260mAであった。これより過充電時間が長くなって
も本発明電池A,Bは水素ガス圧が高くならず耐過充電性
に優れるものである。また、本発明電池A,Bは活物質保
持のため0.2〜0.4重量%の水溶性糊料を用い、カーボン
粉末と糊料剤よりなる導電層を配設したことによる相乗
効果で、優れた耐過充電性、および電極強度を得るもの
である。 (ト) 発明の効果 上述した如く、本発明によれば電極強度については何
ら従来電極に劣ることがなく、且低温過充電性の水素ガ
ス発生を抑制しうる耐低温過充電性の優れたアルカリ蓄
電池用ペースト式カドミウム陰極を得ることができるも
のであり、その工業的価値をきわめて大きい。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a paste type cadmium cathode for alkaline storage batteries used in nickel-cadmium batteries and the like. (B) Prior art A general paste type cadmium cathode for an alkaline storage battery uses cadmium oxide and cadmium hydroxide as active materials and polytetrafluoroethylene as a binder, as disclosed in JP-A-51-631. Water is added to form a paste, and the paste is applied to the electrode core and dried. The cadmium cathode can be manufactured at a lower cost because the manufacturing process is simpler than that of the sintered cadmium cathode. However, the paste-type cadmium cathode has a lower conductivity of the active material than the sintered cadmium cathode, and thus has a low ability to absorb oxygen gas generated from the anode during overcharge, and when the paste-type cadmium cathode is used in a sealed battery, There was a drawback that the internal gas pressure was likely to rise. In order to solve this drawback, there is a method in which the paste-type cadmium cathode is subjected to chemical conversion treatment to impart conductivity, but there is a problem that the manufacturing process becomes complicated and the cost becomes high. On the other hand, in JP-A-58-80268, it is proposed that a paste type cadmium cathode having an excellent oxygen gas absorption capacity can be obtained by using a polyamide fiber as a reinforcing material without requiring a chemical conversion step. Oxygen gas absorption capacity is improved in the cathode, but the conductivity of the active material is still low compared to the sintered type cadmium cathode and the paste type cadmium cathode that has been subjected to chemical conversion treatment. Hydrogen gas is generated from the cathode, which is accumulated in the battery, which raises a problem that the internal pressure of the battery rises. On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-63875 discloses that the active material paste is applied to a core and dried, and then a conductive layer made of carbon powder is provided on the surface to further improve the oxygen gas absorption capacity. However, even with this method, there still remains the problem that the generation of hydrogen gas from the cathode during low-temperature overcharge cannot be suppressed. In addition, in the above-mentioned various paste-type electrodes, at least about 0.6% by weight or more of the water-soluble paste is required for the cadmium active material in order to retain the active material and obtain the electrode strength. The active material fell off during the production of the plate, and the cycle characteristics deteriorated. (C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is the intent of the present invention to improve the conductivity of the active material and prevent hydrogen gas generation during low-temperature overcharge. It is intended to provide a paste type cathode for an alkaline storage battery, which suppresses the deterioration, significantly improves the low temperature overcharge performance, and has an easy manufacturing process. (D) Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is to apply an active material paste containing an active material mainly composed of cadmium oxide or cadmium hydroxide and a water-soluble paste to a core body, and then apply carbon powder to the surface thereof. A conductive layer made of a sizing agent is provided, and the amount of the water-soluble sizing agent added is 0.2 to 0.4% by weight based on the active material. The water-soluble paste that can be added is hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), polyvinyl alcohol (PPC).
VA), methyl cellulose (MC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and the like are used. (E) Action By adding the water-soluble paste in an amount of 0.2 to 0.4% by weight based on the cadmium oxide or cadmium hydroxide active material, generation of hydrogen gas during low temperature overcharge is suppressed. It is considered that this is because the conductivity of the cadmium active material is improved by reducing the content of the non-conductive water-soluble paste. (F) Example 85 parts by weight of cadmium oxide powder as an active material, 15 parts by weight of metal cadmium powder, 0.75% by weight of polyamide fiber as a reinforcing material to the active material, and HPS as a water-soluble paste. 0.4% by weight relative to the active material,
After coating the active material paste contained in the core body and drying,
As described in JP-A-60-63875, a conductive layer composed of carbon powder and PVA as a sizing agent was applied to the surface of the electrode plate to form a paste type cadmium cathode, which was formed by a known sintering method. Nominal capacity 1.3AH in combination with nickel anode
The nickel-cadmium storage battery A of the present invention was obtained. Further, a battery B of the present invention was prepared in the same manner except that the amount of HPC added was 0.2% by weight of the active material, and a comparative battery C was prepared in the same manner except that the amount of HPC added was 0.6% by weight of the active material. . Further, a comparative battery D similar to the comparative battery C was obtained except that the conductive layer made of carbon powder and PVA was not formed. Fig. 1 shows the relationship between the charge capacity and the charge potential with respect to the absolute capacity of the cathode used in each battery at 0 ° C. The potential is based on the standard electrode (Hg / HgO). Fig. 2 shows the cathode in Fig. 1. It shows the amount of hydrogen gas generated from the battery, the cathode capacity is 560mAH, the charging current is 260mA, and the electrolyte is SG: 1.23KO.
H 2 aqueous solution was used. From FIG. 1, immediately after the start of charging, there is no conductivity between the active material and the core, so the potential becomes base and hydrogen gas is generated as shown in FIG. This tendency of hydrogen gas generation is due to the comparative batteries C and D.
It is moderately strong and continuous. However, in the batteries A and B of the present invention, since the amount of the water-soluble paste is 0.2 to 0.4% by weight, the conductivity of the active material is improved, the active material is easily charged, and the generation of hydrogen gas is suppressed as shown in FIG. Has been done. Further, FIG. 3 is a view showing the partial pressure of hydrogen gas inside the batteries when the batteries were overcharged at 0 ° C. The charging current at this time was 260 mA. Even if the overcharge time is longer than this, the batteries A and B of the present invention do not have high hydrogen gas pressure and are excellent in overcharge resistance. Further, the batteries A and B of the present invention used 0.2 to 0.4% by weight of a water-soluble paste for retaining the active material, and had a synergistic effect by disposing a conductive layer composed of carbon powder and a paste agent, and thus exhibited excellent resistance. This is to obtain overchargeability and electrode strength. (G) Effect of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, the electrode strength is not inferior to that of the conventional electrode, and the low-temperature overcharge-resistant alkali having excellent low-temperature overcharge resistance capable of suppressing generation of hydrogen gas. It is possible to obtain a paste type cadmium cathode for a storage battery, and its industrial value is extremely large.

【図面の簡単な説明】 第1図は陰極充電量に対する陰極電位を示し、第2図は
陰極充電量に対する水素ガス発生量を示し、第3図は過
充電していった時の電池内水素ガス圧を示す図である。 (A),(B)……本発明電池、(C),(D)……比
較電池
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows the cathode potential with respect to the cathode charge amount, FIG. 2 shows the hydrogen gas generation amount with respect to the cathode charge amount, and FIG. 3 is the hydrogen in the battery during overcharge. It is a figure which shows gas pressure. (A), (B) ... Battery of the present invention, (C), (D) ... Comparative battery

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 1.酸化カドミウムまたは水酸化カドミウムを主体とす
る活物質と、水溶性糊料を含む活物質ペーストを芯体に
塗着した後、その表面にカーボン粉末と糊料剤よりなる
導電層を配設せるものであって、前記水溶性糊料の添加
量が前記活物質に対して0.2〜0.4重量%であることを特
徴とするアルカリ蓄電池用ペースト式カドミウム陰極。
(57) [Claims] An active material mainly composed of cadmium oxide or cadmium hydroxide and an active material paste containing a water-soluble paste are applied to a core, and then a conductive layer composed of carbon powder and a paste is provided on the surface of the core. A paste-type cadmium cathode for alkaline storage batteries, wherein the amount of the water-soluble paste added is 0.2 to 0.4% by weight based on the active material.
JP61183135A 1986-08-04 1986-08-04 Paste type cadmium cathode for alkaline storage battery Expired - Lifetime JP2692795B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61183135A JP2692795B2 (en) 1986-08-04 1986-08-04 Paste type cadmium cathode for alkaline storage battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61183135A JP2692795B2 (en) 1986-08-04 1986-08-04 Paste type cadmium cathode for alkaline storage battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6340258A JPS6340258A (en) 1988-02-20
JP2692795B2 true JP2692795B2 (en) 1997-12-17

Family

ID=16130411

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP61183135A Expired - Lifetime JP2692795B2 (en) 1986-08-04 1986-08-04 Paste type cadmium cathode for alkaline storage battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2692795B2 (en)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61240576A (en) * 1985-04-17 1986-10-25 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd Cadmium negative plate for alkaline storage battery

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61240576A (en) * 1985-04-17 1986-10-25 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd Cadmium negative plate for alkaline storage battery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6340258A (en) 1988-02-20

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