JP2024077728A - Embankment - Google Patents

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JP2024077728A
JP2024077728A JP2022189850A JP2022189850A JP2024077728A JP 2024077728 A JP2024077728 A JP 2024077728A JP 2022189850 A JP2022189850 A JP 2022189850A JP 2022189850 A JP2022189850 A JP 2022189850A JP 2024077728 A JP2024077728 A JP 2024077728A
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wall
embankment
levee
sheet pile
steel sheet
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祐輔 持田
俊介 森安
彰久 亀山
和孝 乙志
真治 妙中
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Abstract

【課題】自立型壁体によって補強された堤防において、越流水による浸食で堤体の川裏側の法面が消失したときに生じる洗掘現象を抑制して構造的な安定性を維持する。【解決手段】堤体と、上記堤体の内部に構築され、堤防の延長方向に延びる自立型壁体と、上記自立型壁体から離隔して上記堤体の川裏側で地中に打設され、上記堤防の延長方向に延びる追加壁体とを備える堤防が提供される。【選択図】図1[Problem] In a levee reinforced with a self-supporting wall, the structural stability is maintained by suppressing the scouring phenomenon that occurs when the slope of the levee on the back side of the river disappears due to erosion caused by overflow water. [Solution] A levee is provided that includes a levee body, a self-supporting wall constructed inside the levee body and extending in the extension direction of the levee, and an additional wall that is cast into the ground on the back side of the levee body at a distance from the self-supporting wall and extends in the extension direction of the levee. [Selected Figure] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、堤防に関する。 The present invention relates to embankments.

近年、豪雨災害が頻発しており、河川などの堤防では越流水による洪水や堤体の洗掘による破堤、決壊などが懸念される。このような災害への対策として、例えば堤体の両方の法肩部にそれぞれ鋼矢板を打設し、堤防の延長方向に沿って延びる2列の鋼矢板壁を構築する補強構造が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1を参照)。 In recent years, heavy rain disasters have become frequent, raising concerns about flooding caused by overflowing water and scouring of the embankment, which could lead to breaches and collapses of river levees. As a countermeasure against such disasters, a reinforcement structure has been proposed in which steel sheet piles are driven into both slopes of the embankment to create two rows of steel sheet pile walls that run along the length of the embankment (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

特開2003-13451号公報JP 2003-13451 A

しかしながら、越流が長時間継続した場合、鋼矢板壁よりも川裏側の法面が越流水による浸食で消失し、鋼矢板壁から川裏側に越流水が落水することによって鋼矢板壁の根元部分で地盤が消失する洗掘現象が発生する。洗掘現象によって鋼矢板壁の実質的な根入れ長さが短くなると、鋼矢板壁を含めた堤防の構造的な安定性が低下する可能性がある。 However, if overflow continues for a long period of time, the slope on the back side of the river than the steel sheet pile wall will disappear due to erosion caused by the overflowing water, and the overflowing water will fall from the steel sheet pile wall to the back side of the river, causing a scouring phenomenon in which the ground disappears at the base of the steel sheet pile wall. If the effective embedded length of the steel sheet pile wall becomes shorter due to scouring, the structural stability of the embankment, including the steel sheet pile wall, may be reduced.

そこで、本発明は、自立型壁体によって補強された堤防において、越流水による浸食で堤体の川裏側の法面が消失したときに生じる洗掘現象を抑制して構造的な安定性を維持することが可能な堤防を提供することを目的とする。なお、本明細書において自立型壁体は、堤防の内部に土以外の材料で構築され、堤体によって支持されなくても自立するように配置された壁状の構造体を意味する。 The present invention aims to provide a levee that is reinforced with a self-supporting wall and that can maintain structural stability by suppressing the scouring phenomenon that occurs when the slope of the levee on the back side of the river disappears due to erosion caused by overflowing water. Note that in this specification, a self-supporting wall means a wall-like structure that is constructed inside the levee using materials other than soil and is arranged so that it can stand on its own without being supported by the levee.

[1]堤体と、上記堤体の内部に構築され、堤防の延長方向に延びる自立型壁体と、上記自立型壁体から離隔して上記堤体の川裏側で地中に打設され、上記堤防の延長方向に延びる追加壁体とを備える堤防。
[2]上記追加壁体は、上記堤体の川裏側の法面に打設される、[1]に記載の堤防。
[3]上記追加壁体の上端は、上記堤体の川裏側の法面から突出しない、[2]に記載の堤防。
[4]上記追加壁体の下端は、上記堤体の川裏側の法面と地表面との境界高さ、または地表面高さよりも下に位置する、[2]または[3]に記載の堤防。
[5]上記追加壁体は、上記堤体の川裏側の地表面に打設される、[1]に記載の堤防。
[6]上記追加壁体の上端は、上記地表面から突出しない、[5]に記載の堤防。
[7]上記追加壁体には透水構造が形成される、[1]から[6]のいずれか1項に記載の堤防。
[8]上記自立型壁体から上記追加壁体までの距離は、地表面高さを基準にした上記自立型壁体の上端高さをh、越流水深をhcとした場合に√hc×√h以上である、[1]から[7]のいずれか1項に記載の堤防。
[9]上記自立型壁体から上記追加壁体までの距離は、地表面高さを基準にした上記自立型壁体の上端高さをh(m)とした場合に0.5√h(m)以上である、[1]から[7]のいずれか1項に記載の堤防。
[10]上記堤防の横断方向に延び、上記自立型壁体と上記追加壁体との間の空間を区画する区画壁をさらに備える、[1]から[9]のいずれか1項に記載の堤防。
[11]上記堤防の延長方向に複数の上記区画壁が配列される、[10]に記載の堤防。
[12]上記自立型壁体は、上記堤体に打設された鋼矢板壁を含む、[1]から[11]のいずれか1項に記載の堤防。
[13]上記鋼矢板壁は、上記堤防の横断方向に配列される第1および第2の鋼矢板壁を含む、[12]に記載の堤防。
[1] A levee comprising a levee body, a free-standing wall constructed inside the levee body and extending in the extension direction of the levee, and an additional wall spaced apart from the free-standing wall and cast into the ground on the back side of the levee, extending in the extension direction of the levee.
[2] The embankment described in [1], wherein the additional wall is cast into the slope on the riverside of the embankment.
[3] A levee as described in [2], wherein the upper end of the additional wall does not protrude beyond the slope on the riverside of the levee.
[4] A levee described in [2] or [3], wherein the lower end of the additional wall is located at the boundary height between the slope on the riverside of the levee and the ground surface, or below the ground surface height.
[5] The embankment described in [1], wherein the additional wall is cast into the ground surface on the riverside of the embankment.
[6] The embankment described in [5], wherein the upper end of the additional wall does not protrude above the ground surface.
[7] A levee described in any one of [1] to [6], in which the additional wall has a permeable structure formed therein.
[8] A levee described in any one of [1] to [7], wherein the distance from the free-standing wall to the additional wall is at least √hc × √h, where h is the upper end height of the free-standing wall based on the ground surface height and hc is the overflow water depth.
[9] A levee described in any one of [1] to [7], wherein the distance from the free-standing wall to the additional wall is 0.5√h (m) or more, where h (m) is the height of the top end of the free-standing wall based on the ground surface height.
[10] An embankment described in any one of [1] to [9], further comprising a partition wall extending transversely of the embankment and partitioning a space between the free-standing wall and the additional wall.
[11] The embankment described in [10], in which a plurality of the partition walls are arranged in the extension direction of the embankment.
[12] A levee described in any one of [1] to [11], wherein the self-supporting wall includes a steel sheet pile wall driven into the levee body.
[13] The embankment according to [12], wherein the steel sheet pile wall includes first and second steel sheet pile walls arranged in a transverse direction of the embankment.

上記の構成によれば、越流水による洗掘で堤体の川裏側の法面が消失しても自立型壁体と追加壁体との間に水が滞留するため、自立型壁体から川裏側に越流水が落水するときの落水高さを抑え、洗掘現象を抑制して堤防の構造的な安定性を維持することができる。 With the above configuration, even if the slope on the back side of the embankment disappears due to scouring caused by overflowing water, water remains between the freestanding wall and the additional wall, so the height of the water falling from the freestanding wall to the back side of the river is reduced, suppressing the scouring phenomenon and maintaining the structural stability of the embankment.

本発明の第1の実施形態に係る堤防の断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a levee according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 図1に示された自立型壁体の別の例を示す図である。FIG. 2 shows another example of the free-standing wall shown in FIG. 1 . 図1に示した堤防の越流発生時の状態を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state when overflow occurs on the levee shown in FIG. 1 . 追加壁体がない堤防の越流発生時の状態を比較のために示す図である。This figure shows, for comparison, the state of a levee without additional walls when overflow occurs. 本発明の第1の実施形態に係る堤防の変形例を示す図である。FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a modified example of the embankment according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第1の実施形態に係る堤防の変形例を示す図である。FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a modified example of the embankment according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第1の実施形態に係る堤防の変形例を示す図である。FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a modified example of the embankment according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第2の実施形態に係る堤防の切開斜視図である。FIG. 11 is a cutaway perspective view of a levee according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 図8に示した堤防の越流発生時の状態を示すA-A線断面図である。9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA, showing the state of the embankment shown in FIG. 8 when overflow occurs. 本発明の効果を検証するための実験の結果を示す模式図である。1A to 1C are schematic diagrams showing the results of an experiment for verifying the effects of the present invention.

図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る堤防の断面図である。図示されるように、堤防1は、川表側の法面21、天端22および川裏側の法面23を有する堤体2と、堤体2の法肩部、すなわち天端22と法面21,23との境界付近に打設された鋼矢板壁31,32とを含む。堤防1の横断方向に配列された鋼矢板壁31,32は、頭部付近でタイ材33を用いて互いに連結されている。本実施形態では、鋼矢板壁31,32によって、堤体2の内部に構築され堤防1の延長方向に延びる自立型壁体が構成される。自立型壁体は、堤体2の内部で自立することによって堤体2を補強する。本実施形態において、鋼矢板壁31,32は、十分な根入れ長さで打設されることによって自立している。この例には限られず、例えば2列ではなく図2に示したように1列の鋼矢板壁30が自立型壁体を構成してもよいし、コンクリート壁や地盤改良体が自立型壁体を構成してもよい。 Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a levee according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the levee 1 includes a levee body 2 having a slope 21 on the river front side, a top 22, and a slope 23 on the river back side, and steel sheet pile walls 31, 32 cast in the slope shoulder of the levee body 2, i.e., near the boundary between the top 22 and the slopes 21, 23. The steel sheet pile walls 31, 32 arranged in the transverse direction of the levee 1 are connected to each other near the head using tie materials 33. In this embodiment, the steel sheet pile walls 31, 32 form a self-supporting wall that is constructed inside the levee body 2 and extends in the extension direction of the levee 1. The self-supporting wall reinforces the levee body 2 by being self-supporting inside the levee body 2. In this embodiment, the steel sheet pile walls 31, 32 are self-supporting by being cast with a sufficient embedment length. This example is not limiting, and for example, instead of two rows, one row of steel sheet pile walls 30 as shown in FIG. 2 may form a free-standing wall, or a concrete wall or ground improvement body may form a free-standing wall.

さらに、堤防1は、堤体2の川裏側の法面23に打設され、堤防1の延長方向に延びる追加壁体4を含む。追加壁体4は、堤体2の内部に構築される自立型壁体から離隔している。より具体的には、追加壁体4は、川裏側に打設される鋼矢板壁32から距離dだけ離隔した位置で法面23に打設される。追加壁体4は、例えば鋼矢板壁31,32と同様に鋼矢板壁であってもよいし、コンクリート壁や地盤改良体などであってもよい。後述するように追加壁体4は、越流水による洗掘で川裏側の法面23が少なくとも部分的に消失したときに機能する。従って、堤体2が健全な時点で追加壁体4の上端は法面23から突出していなくてもよく、法面23の内部に埋め込まれていてもよい。追加壁体4の上端は法面23から突出していてもよいが、平常時における雨水の排水や景観的な観点からは、追加壁体4の上端が法面23から突出していない方が好ましい。なお、追加壁体4の根入れ長さについては特に限定されないが、例えば追加壁体4の下端が、法面23と堤体2の川裏側の地表面との境界、つまり法面23の法先の高さよりも下に位置してもよい。あるいは、追加壁体4の下端は後述する地表面高さよりも下に位置してもよい。 The embankment 1 further includes an additional wall 4 that is cast into the slope 23 on the riverside of the embankment body 2 and extends in the extension direction of the embankment 1. The additional wall 4 is separated from the free-standing wall constructed inside the embankment body 2. More specifically, the additional wall 4 is cast into the slope 23 at a position separated by a distance d from the steel sheet pile wall 32 cast into the riverside. The additional wall 4 may be, for example, a steel sheet pile wall like the steel sheet pile walls 31 and 32, or may be a concrete wall or a ground improvement body. As described later, the additional wall 4 functions when the slope 23 on the riverside is at least partially lost due to scouring caused by overflow water. Therefore, when the embankment body 2 is sound, the upper end of the additional wall 4 does not need to protrude from the slope 23, and may be embedded inside the slope 23. The upper end of the additional wall 4 may protrude from the slope 23, but from the viewpoint of rainwater drainage under normal circumstances and the scenery, it is preferable that the upper end of the additional wall 4 does not protrude from the slope 23. The embedded length of the additional wall 4 is not particularly limited, but for example, the lower end of the additional wall 4 may be located below the boundary between the slope 23 and the ground surface on the back side of the river of the embankment 2, that is, below the height of the toe of the slope 23. Alternatively, the lower end of the additional wall 4 may be located below the ground surface height described later.

図3は図1に示した堤防の越流発生時の状態を示す図であり、図4は追加壁体がない堤防の越流発生時の状態を比較のために示す図である。図示された状態では、越流水による洗掘で堤体2の鋼矢板壁32よりも川裏側の法面23が消失している。この場合、鋼矢板壁32を越えた越流水は鋼矢板壁32の上端から川裏側に落水し、鋼矢板壁32の根元部分を洗掘する。図3に示す本実施形態の例では、鋼矢板壁32よりも川裏側に追加壁体4があることによって鋼矢板壁32の川裏側に水が滞留するため、越流水の落水高さf1は鋼矢板壁32と追加壁体4との上端高さの差以下に抑えられる。一方、図4に示す例では、越流水の落水高さf2が図3に示す例よりも大きくなる(f1<f2)。例えば堤防の川裏側の水位がほぼ地表面の高さになる場合、図4の例の落水高さf2は図1に示された川裏側の地表面に対する鋼矢板壁32の上端高さhにほぼ等しくなる。この場合、図3の例では、追加壁体4を設けることによって、地表面に対する追加壁体4の上端高さの分だけ落水高さf1が小さく抑えられることになる。 Figure 3 shows the state of the levee shown in Figure 1 when overflow occurs, and Figure 4 shows the state of a levee without an additional wall when overflow occurs for comparison. In the illustrated state, the slope 23 on the back side of the river from the steel sheet pile wall 32 of the levee body 2 has disappeared due to scouring caused by the overflow water. In this case, the overflow water that has exceeded the steel sheet pile wall 32 falls from the upper end of the steel sheet pile wall 32 to the back side of the river, scouring the base of the steel sheet pile wall 32. In the example of this embodiment shown in Figure 3, the additional wall 4 is located on the back side of the river from the steel sheet pile wall 32, so that water accumulates on the back side of the steel sheet pile wall 32, and the fall height f1 of the overflow water is suppressed to be less than the difference in the upper end heights of the steel sheet pile wall 32 and the additional wall 4. On the other hand, in the example shown in Figure 4, the fall height f2 of the overflow water is larger than that of the example shown in Figure 3 (f1 < f2). For example, if the water level on the back side of the levee is almost at the ground level, the water fall height f2 in the example of Figure 4 will be almost equal to the top end height h of the steel sheet pile wall 32 relative to the ground level on the back side of the river shown in Figure 1. In this case, in the example of Figure 3, by providing the additional wall body 4, the water fall height f1 is reduced by the amount of the top end height of the additional wall body 4 relative to the ground level.

落水した越流水が地盤を洗掘するときのエネルギーは落水高さに応じて大きくなるため、落水高さf1を小さく抑えることによって鋼矢板壁32の根元部分における地盤の洗掘量を大きく減らすことができる。これによって、本実施形態では、鋼矢板壁32の根元部分での洗掘現象を抑制し、越流水による洗掘の発生時にも鋼矢板壁31,32を含む堤防1の構造的な安定性を維持することができる。また、追加壁体4によって鋼矢板壁32の川裏側の水位が維持されることによって、鋼矢板壁31,32によって構成される自立型壁体の川裏側への転倒挙動に抵抗する方向に水圧が作用するため、この点でも堤防1の構造的な安定性を向上させることができる。 The energy of the overflowing water scouring the ground increases according to the height of the overflowing water, so by keeping the height of the overflowing water f1 small, the amount of ground scouring at the base of the steel sheet pile wall 32 can be greatly reduced. As a result, in this embodiment, the scouring phenomenon at the base of the steel sheet pile wall 32 is suppressed, and the structural stability of the embankment 1 including the steel sheet pile walls 31, 32 can be maintained even when scouring due to overflowing water occurs. In addition, by maintaining the water level on the back side of the steel sheet pile wall 32 by the additional wall body 4, water pressure acts in a direction that resists the toppling behavior of the free-standing wall body formed by the steel sheet pile walls 31, 32 to the back side of the river, so that the structural stability of the embankment 1 can be improved in this respect as well.

なお、越流水には水平方向の速度もあるため、越流水は鋼矢板壁32よりも川裏側に少し離れた位置に落水する。図4に示す例のように鋼矢板壁32の川裏側の水位がほぼ地表面の高さになる場合、鋼矢板壁32から落水位置までの距離d2は、図3に示す越流水深√hc、および図1に示された地表面高さを基準にした鋼矢板壁32の上端高さhを用いて表すことができる。地表面高さは、例えば設計図面における川裏側のGL(Ground LevelまたはGround Line)の高さとして特定することができる。具体的には、例えばd2=√hc×√hと表すことができる。標準的な想定として越流水深hc=0.3mとした場合、√hc≒0.5であるため、鋼矢板壁32の上端高さh(m)に対してd2=0.5√h(m)として計算を簡略化してもよい。図3に示す例のように落水高さがより小さく抑えられた場合、鋼矢板壁32から落水位置までの距離d1はこれよりも小さくなる(d1<d2)。従って、図1に示す鋼矢板壁32から追加壁体4までの距離dを、越流水深hcおよび鋼矢板壁32の上端高さhに対して√hc√h以上、または鋼矢板壁32の上端高さh(m)に対して0.5√h(m)以上にすれば、より確実に越流水が鋼矢板壁32と追加壁体4との間に落水し、図3および図4を参照して説明したように越流水の落水高さを小さく抑えて洗掘現象を抑制する効果が得られる。 In addition, since the overflow water also has a horizontal velocity, the overflow water falls at a position slightly away from the steel sheet pile wall 32 on the back side of the river. When the water level on the back side of the river of the steel sheet pile wall 32 is almost at the ground level as in the example shown in FIG. 4, the distance d2 from the steel sheet pile wall 32 to the water fall position can be expressed using the overflow water depth √hc shown in FIG. 3 and the top end height h of the steel sheet pile wall 32 based on the ground level height shown in FIG. 1. The ground level height can be specified as the height of the GL (Ground Level or Ground Line) on the back side of the river in the design drawing, for example. Specifically, it can be expressed as, for example, d2 = √hc × √h. When the overflow water depth hc = 0.3 m as a standard assumption, √hc ≒ 0.5, so the calculation may be simplified by setting d2 = 0.5√h (m) for the top end height h (m) of the steel sheet pile wall 32. If the water fall height is kept smaller as in the example shown in Figure 3, the distance d1 from the steel sheet pile wall 32 to the water fall position will be smaller (d1 < d2). Therefore, if the distance d from the steel sheet pile wall 32 to the additional wall body 4 shown in Figure 1 is set to √hc√h or more with respect to the overflow water depth hc and the upper end height h of the steel sheet pile wall 32, or 0.5√h (m) or more with respect to the upper end height h (m) of the steel sheet pile wall 32, the overflow water will more reliably fall between the steel sheet pile wall 32 and the additional wall body 4, and the effect of suppressing the scouring phenomenon by keeping the water fall height of the overflow water small can be obtained as described with reference to Figures 3 and 4.

図5から図7は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る堤防の変形例を示す図である。図5に示す例では、追加壁体4に透水構造41が形成されている。透水構造41は、例えば壁体に所定の間隔で配列される開孔またはメッシュ部分である。例えば平常時に浸透流として堤体2の内部を流れる地下水の水位が高い場合は、追加壁体4に透水構造41を形成することによって浸透流が遮られず、堤体2の浸透破壊を防止することができる。 Figures 5 to 7 are diagrams showing modified examples of the embankment according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In the example shown in Figure 5, a permeable structure 41 is formed in the additional wall body 4. The permeable structure 41 is, for example, an opening or mesh portion arranged at a predetermined interval in the wall body. For example, when the groundwater level flowing inside the embankment body 2 as a seepage flow under normal circumstances is high, forming the permeable structure 41 in the additional wall body 4 prevents the seepage flow from being blocked, and seepage destruction of the embankment body 2 can be prevented.

なお、図5に示された例では川裏側の地表面よりも深い部分で追加壁体4に透水構造41が形成されているが、他の例では追加壁体4の全体に透水構造41が形成されていてもよい。例えば越流発生時に追加壁体4の川裏側の法面23も消失して追加壁体4だけが地表面から突出した状態になっても、透水構造41を通して川裏側に流出する水の流量は越流水全体の流量に比べると少ないため、上記の例と同様に鋼矢板壁32と追加壁体4との間に水を滞留させることによって越流水の落水高さを抑えることができる。追加壁体4に透水構造41を形成するか否か、および透水構造41を形成する範囲は、例えば平常時における堤体2の川裏側の地下水位に応じて決定することができる。 In the example shown in FIG. 5, the permeable structure 41 is formed in the additional wall 4 at a portion deeper than the ground surface on the back side of the river, but in other examples, the permeable structure 41 may be formed over the entire additional wall 4. For example, even if the slope 23 on the back side of the additional wall 4 disappears when overflow occurs and only the additional wall 4 protrudes from the ground surface, the flow rate of water flowing out to the back side of the river through the permeable structure 41 is small compared to the flow rate of the entire overflow water, so the falling height of the overflow water can be suppressed by retaining water between the steel sheet pile wall 32 and the additional wall 4 as in the above example. Whether or not to form the permeable structure 41 in the additional wall 4 and the range in which the permeable structure 41 is formed can be determined according to, for example, the groundwater level on the back side of the embankment 2 under normal conditions.

図6に示す例では、堤体2の川裏側の法面23に埋め込まれたコンクリートブロック4Aが追加壁体として機能する。鋼矢板壁32に近い側のコンクリートブロック4Aの壁面42Aは、上記の図1の例の追加壁体と同様に鋼矢板壁32から距離dだけ離隔している。このように、本発明の実施形態に係る追加壁体は、自立型壁体の川裏側の壁面から離隔した位置に壁面を形成する部材であれば、必ずしもその全体が壁状または板状でなくてもよい。他の例として、追加壁体は、堤体2の川裏側の法面23を覆う法面工と一体化されていてもよい。 In the example shown in Figure 6, a concrete block 4A embedded in the slope 23 on the back side of the embankment 2 functions as an additional wall. The wall surface 42A of the concrete block 4A closer to the steel sheet pile wall 32 is separated by a distance d from the steel sheet pile wall 32, similar to the additional wall in the example of Figure 1 above. In this way, the additional wall according to the embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily have to be wall-shaped or plate-shaped as a whole, so long as it is a member that forms a wall surface at a position separated from the wall surface on the back side of the free-standing wall. As another example, the additional wall may be integrated with the slope work covering the slope 23 on the back side of the embankment 2.

図7に示す例では、追加壁体4が堤体2の川裏側の地表面に打設されている。多くの場合、堤体2の川裏側の地表面にも勾配や段差があるため、越流水による洗掘で堤体2の川裏側の法面23が消失するような場合には、川裏側の地表面も洗掘を受ける。このような場合は、堤体2の川裏側の法面23よりもさらに川裏側の地表面に追加壁体4を打設することによって、越流水による洗掘の発生時に鋼矢板壁32と追加壁体4の間に滞留する水の水位を追加壁体4の上端高さに維持し、追加壁体4がない場合よりも越流水の落水高さを抑えることができる。追加壁体4を地表面に打設する場合も、追加壁体4の上端は地表面から突出していてもよいが、平常時における雨水の排水や景観的な観点からは、追加壁体4の上端が地表面から突出していない方が好ましい。 In the example shown in FIG. 7, the additional wall 4 is cast on the ground surface on the back side of the embankment 2. In many cases, the ground surface on the back side of the embankment 2 also has a slope or a step, so if the slope 23 on the back side of the embankment 2 disappears due to scouring caused by overflow water, the ground surface on the back side of the river is also scoured. In such a case, by casting the additional wall 4 on the ground surface further back of the river than the slope 23 on the back side of the embankment 2, the water level of the water retained between the steel sheet pile wall 32 and the additional wall 4 when scouring caused by overflow water occurs can be maintained at the height of the upper end of the additional wall 4, and the falling height of the overflow water can be reduced more than when the additional wall 4 is not present. When the additional wall 4 is cast on the ground surface, the upper end of the additional wall 4 may protrude from the ground surface, but it is preferable that the upper end of the additional wall 4 does not protrude from the ground surface from the viewpoint of drainage of rainwater under normal circumstances and from the viewpoint of scenery.

なお、堤体2の川裏側の法面23に明確な法先が存在する場合は法先よりも川裏側を「川裏側の地表面」というが、法面23の法先は必ずしも明確ではなく、従って法面23と「川裏側の地表面」との境界が明確ではない場合もありうる。このような場合、川裏側の鋼矢板壁32からの適切な距離dおよび根入れ長さを有し、鋼矢板壁32との間に水を滞留させる機能を有する限りにおいて、追加壁体4が堤体2の川裏側の法面に打設されている場合と川裏側の地表面に打設されている場合とは区別されなくてよい。上記の通り追加壁体4は鋼矢板壁32との間に水を滞留させることができればよいため、例えば止水矢板のような比較的長い根入れ長さは不要である。 When the slope 23 on the riverside of the embankment 2 has a clear toe, the side of the slope on the riverside from the toe is called the "ground surface on the riverside", but the toe of the slope 23 is not always clear, and therefore the boundary between the slope 23 and the "ground surface on the riverside" may not be clear. In such cases, as long as the additional wall 4 has an appropriate distance d and embedment length from the steel sheet pile wall 32 on the riverside and has the function of retaining water between the steel sheet pile wall 32, there is no need to distinguish between when it is cast on the slope on the riverside of the embankment 2 and when it is cast on the ground surface on the riverside. As described above, the additional wall 4 only needs to be able to retain water between the steel sheet pile wall 32, so a relatively long embedment length like that of a water-stopping sheet pile is not necessary.

図8は本発明の第2の実施形態に係る堤防の切開斜視図であり、図9は図8に示した堤防の越流発生時の状態を示すA-A線断面図である。なお、鋼矢板壁は例えばハット形やU形、Z形の鋼矢板で形成されて断面形状に凹凸を有する場合があるが、図8では簡単のために単純な壁体として図示されている。図示されるように、堤防1Aは、堤体2、鋼矢板壁31、32、タイ材33および追加壁体4に加えて、区画壁5を含む。区画壁5は、堤防1の横断方向に延び、鋼矢板壁31,32によって構成される自立型壁体と追加壁体との間の空間を区画する。堤防1の延長方向に複数の区画壁5が配列されてもよい。なお、区画壁5以外の堤防1Aの構成は上記の第1の実施形態と同様であり、第1の実施形態の変形例も同様に適用可能である。 Figure 8 is a cut-out perspective view of a levee according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the levee shown in Figure 8 taken along line A-A, showing the state of the levee when overflow occurs. The steel sheet pile wall may be formed of, for example, hat-shaped, U-shaped, or Z-shaped steel sheet piles and may have uneven cross-sectional shapes, but in Figure 8 it is shown as a simple wall for simplicity. As shown in the figure, the levee 1A includes a partition wall 5 in addition to the levee body 2, steel sheet pile walls 31 and 32, tie material 33, and additional wall body 4. The partition wall 5 extends in the transverse direction of the levee 1 and partitions the space between the free-standing wall body formed by the steel sheet pile walls 31 and 32 and the additional wall body. A plurality of partition walls 5 may be arranged in the extension direction of the levee 1. The configuration of the levee 1A other than the partition wall 5 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the modified version of the first embodiment can be applied in the same manner.

例えば河川堤防では、図8に勾配Lとして図示するように、堤防1には川上側(例えばA-A線の位置)で高く、川下側(例えばB-B線の位置)で低くなるような勾配がついている。従って、鋼矢板壁32および追加壁体4について、河川の水面や川裏側の地表面などに対する相対的な高さが一定になるように構築した場合、絶対的な高さ(標高)は川上側から川下側に向かって徐々に低くなる。従って、例えば勾配Lが比較的大きいような場合は、鋼矢板壁32と追加壁体4との間に滞留した水に川上側から川下側への水の流れが発生し、図9に示すように川上側で滞留する水の水位が低下して川下側で滞留する水の水位W2に近づく結果、川上側で追加壁体4が設けられているにもかかわらず越流水の落水高さが高くなってしまう可能性がある。 For example, in a river levee, as shown by the gradient L in FIG. 8, the levee 1 has a gradient that is higher upstream (for example, at the position of line A-A) and lower downstream (for example, at the position of line B-B). Therefore, if the steel sheet pile wall 32 and the additional wall body 4 are constructed so that their relative height to the water surface of the river and the ground surface on the other side of the river is constant, the absolute height (altitude) will gradually decrease from the upstream side to the downstream side. Therefore, for example, if the gradient L is relatively large, a flow of water will occur from the upstream side to the downstream side in the water that has accumulated between the steel sheet pile wall 32 and the additional wall body 4, and as shown in FIG. 9, the water level of the water that has accumulated upstream will drop and approach the water level W2 of the water that has accumulated downstream. As a result, the height of the overflow water may become high even if the additional wall 4 is installed upstream.

そこで、本実施形態では区画壁5を配置することによって、鋼矢板壁32と追加壁体4との間に滞留した水に川上側から川下側への水の流れが発生することを防止し、川上側および川下側のそれぞれで、追加壁体4によって越流水の落水高さを小さく抑えて洗掘現象を抑制する効果を得ることができる。図9では、区画壁5によって維持された川上側での滞留水の水位W1が図示されている。なお、滞留水の流れは主に鋼矢板壁32の根元部分で地盤が洗掘されることによって形成された溝状の部分G1,G2で発生するため、区画壁5は必ずしも鋼矢板壁32および追加壁体4の両方に接していなくてもよく、例えば鋼矢板壁32に接する一方で追加壁体4からは離隔していてもよい。また、上述のように区画壁5は滞留水の流れを妨げるために配置されるため、鋼矢板壁32と区画壁5との間には隙間があってもよい。 In this embodiment, the partition wall 5 is arranged to prevent the water retained between the steel sheet pile wall 32 and the additional wall body 4 from flowing from the upstream side to the downstream side, and the additional wall body 4 can suppress the height of the overflow water on both the upstream and downstream sides, thereby suppressing the scouring phenomenon. Figure 9 shows the water level W1 of the retained water on the upstream side maintained by the partition wall 5. Note that the flow of retained water occurs mainly in the groove-like parts G1 and G2 formed by scouring the ground at the base of the steel sheet pile wall 32, so the partition wall 5 does not necessarily have to be in contact with both the steel sheet pile wall 32 and the additional wall body 4. For example, the partition wall 5 may be in contact with the steel sheet pile wall 32 but separated from the additional wall body 4. In addition, since the partition wall 5 is arranged to prevent the flow of retained water as described above, there may be a gap between the steel sheet pile wall 32 and the partition wall 5.

図10は、本発明の効果を検証するための実験の結果を示す模式図である。実験では、2枚の板壁とその間の土砂で構築した自立型壁体の上に単位奥行き長さ(1m)あたりの流量630L/minで越流を発生させ、越流の下流側(川裏側)で自立型壁体の根元部分の地盤が洗掘される深さを測定した。自立型壁体の高さは、洗掘が発生していない初期の地盤面を基準にして400mmである。なお、初期の地盤面の高さは、上記の実施形態の説明における地表面高さに相当する。図10(a)は越流開始後40分の写真であり、図10(b)は越流開始後60分の写真である。これらの写真に示されるように、越流開始後約40分で初期の地盤面を基準にした洗掘深さは143mmで一定になり、洗掘がそれ以上進行しない定常状態になった。その後、図10(c)に示すように一旦洗掘によってできた溝状の部分に滞留した水を排水した上で、同じ流量で越流を再開させたところ、再開後40分で洗掘深さは163mmに到達した。 Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing the results of an experiment to verify the effects of the present invention. In the experiment, overflow was generated on a free-standing wall constructed of two plate walls and soil between them at a flow rate of 630 L/min per unit depth length (1 m), and the depth of scouring of the ground at the base of the free-standing wall downstream of the overflow (on the back side of the river) was measured. The height of the free-standing wall is 400 mm based on the initial ground surface where no scouring has occurred. The height of the initial ground surface corresponds to the ground surface height in the above-mentioned embodiment. Figure 10(a) is a photograph taken 40 minutes after the start of overflow, and Figure 10(b) is a photograph taken 60 minutes after the start of overflow. As shown in these photographs, the scouring depth based on the initial ground surface became constant at 143 mm about 40 minutes after the start of overflow, and a steady state was reached where scouring did not progress any further. After that, as shown in Figure 10 (c), the water that had accumulated in the groove-like portion created by scouring was drained, and overflow was resumed at the same flow rate. 40 minutes after resumption, the scouring depth reached 163 mm.

上記の実験の結果は、越流水の落水高さが大きくなることによって地盤の洗掘量が増大することを示している。洗掘によってできた溝状の部分に水が滞留している図10(a)および図10(b)の状態では、自立型壁体の上端から滞留した水の水面までが落水高さになるため、水が滞留している限り落水高さは自立型壁体の高さ400mmにほぼ等しく維持され、洗掘の進行は抑制された。一方、溝状の部分に滞留した水を排水した図10(c)の状態では、自立型壁体の上端から溝状の部分の底面まで、すなわち自立型壁体の高さ400mmに既に発生している洗堀深さ143mmを合わせたものが落水高さになるため、水が滞留している状態よりも落水高さが大きくなることによって図10(d)に示すように洗掘がさらに進行した。この結果から、本発明において追加壁体を設けて水を滞留させることによって越流水の落水高さを抑える構成は、洗掘現象を抑制するために有効であることがわかる。 The results of the above experiment show that the amount of scouring of the ground increases as the height of the overflow water increases. In the state of Figures 10(a) and 10(b) where water is retained in the groove-like portion created by scouring, the height of the overflow water is from the top of the freestanding wall to the surface of the retained water, so as long as the water is retained, the height of the overflow water is maintained almost equal to the height of the freestanding wall, 400 mm, and the progress of scouring is suppressed. On the other hand, in the state of Figure 10(c) where the water retained in the groove-like portion is drained, the height of the overflow water is from the top of the freestanding wall to the bottom of the groove-like portion, i.e., the height of the freestanding wall, 400 mm, plus the scouring depth of 143 mm that has already occurred, so the height of the overflow water is larger than when the water is retained, and scouring progresses further as shown in Figure 10(d). From these results, it can be seen that the configuration of the present invention in which the height of the overflow water is suppressed by providing an additional wall to retain water is effective in suppressing the scouring phenomenon.

1,1A…堤防、2…堤体、21…法面、22…天端、23…法面、31…鋼矢板壁、32…鋼矢板壁、33…タイ材、4…追加壁体、41…透水構造、4A…コンクリートブロック、42A…壁面、5…区画壁。
Reference Signs List 1, 1A... embankment, 2... embankment body, 21... slope, 22... top end, 23... slope, 31... steel sheet pile wall, 32... steel sheet pile wall, 33... tie material, 4... additional wall body, 41... permeable structure, 4A... concrete block, 42A... wall surface, 5... partition wall.

Claims (13)

堤体と、
前記堤体の内部に構築され、堤防の延長方向に延びる自立型壁体と、
前記自立型壁体から離隔して前記堤体の川裏側で地中に打設され、前記堤防の延長方向に延びる追加壁体と
を備える堤防。
The embankment and
A self-supporting wall constructed inside the embankment and extending in the extension direction of the embankment;
and an additional wall that is cast into the ground on the rear side of the embankment at a distance from the self-supporting wall and extends in the extension direction of the embankment.
前記追加壁体は、前記堤体の川裏側の法面に打設される、請求項1に記載の堤防。 The embankment according to claim 1, wherein the additional wall is cast into the slope on the river rear side of the embankment. 前記追加壁体の上端は、前記堤体の川裏側の法面から突出しない、請求項2に記載の堤防。 The embankment according to claim 2, in which the upper end of the additional wall does not protrude beyond the slope on the river rear side of the embankment. 前記追加壁体の下端は、前記堤体の川裏側の法面と地表面との境界高さ、または地表面高さよりも下に位置する、請求項2に記載の堤防。 The embankment according to claim 2, wherein the lower end of the additional wall is located below the boundary height between the slope on the river rear side of the embankment and the ground surface, or below the ground surface height. 前記追加壁体は、前記堤体の川裏側の地表面に打設される、請求項1に記載の堤防。 The embankment according to claim 1, wherein the additional wall is cast into the ground surface on the rear side of the embankment. 前記追加壁体の上端は、前記地表面から突出しない、請求項5に記載の堤防。 The embankment according to claim 5, wherein the upper end of the additional wall does not protrude above the ground surface. 前記追加壁体には透水構造が形成される、請求項1に記載の堤防。 The embankment according to claim 1, in which the additional wall is formed with a water-permeable structure. 前記自立型壁体から前記追加壁体までの距離は、地表面高さを基準にした前記自立型壁体の上端高さをh、越流水深をhcとした場合に√hc×√h以上である、請求項1に記載の堤防。 The embankment according to claim 1, wherein the distance from the free-standing wall to the additional wall is equal to or greater than √hc×√h, where h is the height of the top end of the free-standing wall relative to the ground surface height, and hc is the overflow depth. 前記自立型壁体から前記追加壁体までの距離は、地表面高さを基準にした前記自立型壁体の上端高さをh(m)とした場合に0.5√h(m)以上である、請求項1に記載の堤防。 The embankment according to claim 1, wherein the distance from the free-standing wall to the additional wall is 0.5√h (m) or more, where h (m) is the height of the top end of the free-standing wall relative to the ground surface. 前記堤防の横断方向に延び、前記自立型壁体と前記追加壁体との間の空間を区画する区画壁をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の堤防。 The embankment according to claim 1, further comprising a partition wall extending transversely of the embankment and partitioning a space between the free-standing wall and the additional wall. 前記堤防の延長方向に複数の前記区画壁が配列される、請求項10に記載の堤防。 The embankment according to claim 10, wherein a plurality of the partition walls are arranged in the extension direction of the embankment. 前記自立型壁体は、前記堤体に打設された鋼矢板壁を含む、請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の堤防。 The embankment according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the self-supporting wall includes a steel sheet pile wall driven into the embankment. 前記鋼矢板壁は、前記堤防の横断方向に配列される第1および第2の鋼矢板壁を含む、請求項12に記載の堤防。
13. The embankment of claim 12, wherein the sheet pile wall comprises first and second sheet pile walls aligned in a transverse direction of the embankment.
JP2022189850A 2022-11-29 2022-11-29 Embankment Pending JP2024077728A (en)

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