JP2023524699A - 全固体電池及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
全固体電池及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明の具体的な一実施様態において、前記多孔性支持体は電池の作用を妨げなく、複数の気孔を有し、弾性変形が可能なものであれば、制限なしに使用可能である。例えば、前記多孔性支持体は、複数の気孔を有し、弾性変形が可能な多孔性高分子フィルム基材、多孔性高分子不織布基材、メッシュ(mesh)、または多孔性フォーム(foam)からなることができる。
前記導電性コーティング層は、前記多孔性支持体の表面または内部に形成された気孔の表面に金属がコーティングされたものである。前記導電性コーティング層は、前記多孔性支持体が集電体として役割を果たすようにする。前記多孔性支持体の表面にのみコーティングして層を形成することが電池駆動の側面で良い。ただ、金属をコーティングする過程で、多孔性支持体の内部に形成された気孔の表面の一部にも金属がコーティングされることができる。他の一実施例として、前記導電性コーティング層の導電性物質が前記多孔性支持体内に均一に配置されている形態も可能である。
本発明において、前記固体電解質層は固体電解質を含む。本発明の具体的な一実施様態において、前記固体電解質は10-7S/cm以上、好ましくは10-5S/cm以上のイオン伝導性を有するものであり、高分子系固体電解質、酸化物系固体電解質、硫化物系固体電解質またはこれらのうちの2種以上の混合物を含むことができる。
[式1]
La1Mb1Pc1Sd1Ae1
前記式1で、LはLi、Na及びKから選択される元素を示し、Liが好ましい。MはB、Zn、Sn、Si、Cu、Ga、Sb、Al及びGeから選択される元素を示す。その中でも、B、Sn、Si、Al、Geが好ましく、Sn、Al、Geがより好ましい。AはI、Br、Cl、Fを示し、I、Brが好ましく、Iが特に好ましい。a1~e1は各元素の組成比を示し、a1:b1:c1:d1:e1は1~12:0~1:1:2~12:0~5を満たす。また、a1は1~9が好ましく、1.5~4がより好ましい。b1は0~0.5が好ましい。d1は3~7が好ましく、3.25~4.5がより好ましい。e1は0~3が好ましく、0~1がより好ましい。
本発明に適用される正極は特に限定されず、当該技術分野に知られている通常の方法で電極活物質層を電極集電体に決着した形態に製造することができる。
本発明の他の一側面は全固体電池の製造方法に関する。
(S1-2)正極集電体及び前記正極集電体上に正極活物質が形成された正極を準備する段階と、
(S1-3)前記正極と負極との間に固体電解質層を介在した電極組立体を含む電池セルを準備する段階とを含む。
気孔度45%のポリエチレン(以下、PEという)多孔性支持体(実施例1-1)、気孔度47%のPE多孔性支持体(実施例1-2)、気孔度49%のPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)不織布(実施例1-3)、気孔度89%のニッケルフォーム(比較例1-1)をそれぞれ26.8cm×26.8cmに切断した後、それぞれ5MPa、10MPa、15MPa、20MPaで押圧した。前記実施例1-1~1-3及び比較例1-1の押圧前の厚さ及び押圧後の厚さをそれぞれ測定した後、下記の表1に示す。押圧後の厚さは押圧力が除去された後に測定した厚さである。
高分子フィルムによる押圧の前後の回復力を比較するために、PET離型フィルム(実施例1-4)、PEジッパーバッグ(実施例1-5)、及びパラフィルム(比較例1-2)をそれぞれ26.8cm×26.8cmに切断した後、0.5トン及び6トンの重さで押圧した。前記実施例1-4、1-5、及び比較例1-2の押圧前の厚さ、押圧時の厚さ、押圧後の回復した状態の厚さ、押圧後の面積をそれぞれ測定した後、下記の表2に示した。
表3のように、実施例2-1~2-6及び比較例2-1~2-3のサンプルをそれぞれ5cm×5cmの大きさに準備した。電気伝導度(electrical conductivity)を測定するために、4点プローブ(4-point probe)装備を用いて25個の領域で測定を遂行した。測定された平均Rsを得て電気伝導度を計算した。これらの電気伝導度を比較して下記の表3に示す。
前記実験1~実験3によって得られた負極集電体による電池性能を比較した。
負極としては、実施例2-3の負極を使った。
負極を厚さ11μmのニッケルホイル及び実施例1-1の多孔性支持体に代替して使ったことを除き、実施例3-1と同様である。
実施例1-1の多孔性支持体の代わりに実施例1-3の多孔性支持体を使ったことを除き、実施例3-2と同様である。
5MPaの圧力の代わりに10MPaの力をかけるようにジグに締結したことを除き、実施例3-2と同様である。
負極を厚さ11μmのニッケルホイル及び実施例1-4の多孔性支持体に代替して使ったことを除き、実施例3-1と同様である。
負極を厚さ11μmのニッケルホイル及び実施例1-5の多孔性支持体に代替して使ったことを除き、実施例3-1と同様である。
負極が実施例1-1の多孔性支持体を有しないことを除き、実施例3-2と同様である。
実施例1-1の多孔性支持体の代わりに気孔度47%のPET不織布を使ったことを除き、実施例3-2と同様な方式で実験を遂行した。前記気孔度47%のPET不織布は弾性変形が小さくて圧力による厚さ変化量が非常に小さい不織布である。
11、110 正極集電体
12、120 正極活物質層
20、200 固体電解質層
30、300 負極
31 負極集電体
310 多孔性支持体
320 導電性コーティング層
330 負極活物質層、リチウム層
F 押圧力
f1 横
f2 縦
f3 厚さ
Claims (30)
- 多孔性支持体と、
前記多孔性支持体の少なくとも一面に形成された導電性コーティング層と、を含む、電極。 - 前記電極は負極または正極である、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔性支持体は弾性素材を含む、請求項1または2に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔性支持体は多数の気孔を有する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔性支持体は、複数の気孔を有し、弾性変形の可能な多孔性高分子フィルムまたは多孔性高分子不織布である、請求項3に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔性支持体は、ポリオレフィン系多孔性基材、またはガラス繊維及びポリエチレンからなる群から選択される一つ以上から製造されたシートまたは不織布を含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔性支持体は、多孔性構造の高分子に加え、セラミック、金属、または金属合金のうちの少なくとも1種をさらに含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔性支持体は、一軸延伸または二軸延伸によって形成される、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔性支持体の気孔度が10%~90%である、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔性支持体は、直径0.01μm~10μmの気孔を有する、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔性支持体は押圧による弾性変形率が30%以下である、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の電極:
ここで、前記押圧による弾性変形率は、(押圧前の厚さ-20MPaの押圧の下の厚さ)/押圧前の厚さ×100%によって算定することができる。 - 前記多孔性支持体は押圧による厚さ維持率が70%以上である、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の電極:
ここで、前記押圧による厚さ維持率は、(押圧後の厚さ/押圧前の厚さ)×100%によって算定することができる。 - 前記多孔性支持体の厚さは5μm~300μmである、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔性支持体は、押圧方向に厚さが減少し、押圧方向に垂直な方向に面積が増加する、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記電極は負極であり、
前記負極は、前記導電性コーティング層及び負極活物質層を含み、
前記負極活物質層は、電池の充電過程中に前記導電性コーティング層上に蒸着(plating)して形成され、電池の放電過程中に前記導電性コーティング層の表面からストリッピング(stripping)される、請求項1に記載の電極。 - 前記導電性コーティング層は、前記多孔性支持体の表面または前記多孔性支持体の内部に形成された気孔の表面にコーティングされた金属または金属酸化物である、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記導電性コーティング層は電気伝導性を有する金属を含む、請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記導電性コーティング層はリチウム親和性物質を含む、請求項1から17のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記リチウム親和性物質は、Au、Ag、Fe、Mg、Al、Ti、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、In、Sn、Pt、Co、Mn、Li、Bi、及びSiを含む金属と、CuO、ZnO、MnO、及びCoOを含む金属酸化物とからなる群から選択される1種以上である、請求項18に記載の電極。
- 前記導電性コーティング層の厚さは100nm~5μmである、請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 請求項1から20のいずれか一項に記載の電極を負極として含む、リチウム二次電池。
- 請求項1から20のいずれか一項に記載の電極を負極として含む、全固体電池。
- 正極、前記負極、及び前記正極と前記負極との間に介在された固体電解質層を含む、請求項22に記載の全固体電池。
- 前記導電性コーティング層は前記固体電解質層の反対面に配置されている、請求項23に記載の全固体電池。
- 前記固体電解質層は固体電解質を含み、
前記固体電解質は10-7S/cm以上のイオン伝導性を有し、高分子系固体電解質、酸化物系固体電解質、硫化物系固体電解質、またはこれらのうちの2種以上の混合物を含む、請求項23または24に記載の全固体電池。 - (S1)正極、固体電解質層、及び負極を含む積層体を形成する段階と、
(S2)前記積層体を押圧する段階と、
(S3)押圧された積層体を押圧しながら充電する段階と、
を含む全固体電池の製造方法であって、
前記負極のうちの少なくとも一つは一面に導電性コーティング層が形成された多孔性支持体である、全固体電池の製造方法。 - 前記(S2)及び(S3)は逆順に遂行するか、または同時に遂行する、請求項26に記載の全固体電池の製造方法。
- 前記(S3)段階の充電は前記導電性コーティング層上に負極活物質層を提供する段階を含む、請求項26または27に記載の全固体電池の製造方法。
- 前記導電性コーティング層の形成は、前記多孔性支持体の一面に前記導電性コーティング層を蒸着するかまたは前記多孔性支持体の一面に前記導電性コーティング層をラミネーションすることによってなされる、請求項26から28のいずれか一項に記載の全固体電池の製造方法。
- 前記積層体の押圧前の前記多孔性支持体の厚さに対する前記積層体の押圧後の前記多孔性支持体の厚さの比が1:0.4~1:0.9である、請求項26から29のいずれか一項に記載の全固体電池の製造方法。
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