JP2023149482A - Central nerve inflammation suppressing composition and foods and drinks, medicines, and feed containing the composition - Google Patents
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Images
Abstract
Description
本発明は、中枢神経の炎症を抑制し、安定性及び安全性に優れた中枢神経炎症抑制組成物に関する。また、本発明は、該中枢神経炎症抑制組成物を含有する、飲食品、医薬品、飼料に関する。なお、中枢神経炎症抑制剤は、中枢神経炎症予防剤又は治療剤と言い換えることができる。 The present invention relates to a central nervous system inflammation suppressing composition that suppresses central nervous system inflammation and has excellent stability and safety. The present invention also relates to foods and drinks, pharmaceuticals, and feeds containing the central nervous system inflammation-suppressing composition. Note that the central nervous inflammation suppressant can be referred to as a central nervous inflammation preventive agent or therapeutic agent.
中枢神経は、多数の神経細胞やグリア細胞が集まった領域であり、脊椎動物では脳、脊髄等がこれにあたる。中枢神経における炎症は認知症、パーキンソン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ＡＬＳ）、多発性硬化症等の慢性神経変性疾患、うつ病や統合失調症などの精神疾患、手術後に認められる術後せん妄など、多くの疾患で認められている（非特許文献１～３）。中でも、認知症、パーキンソン病、多発性硬化症、鬱では、脳の炎症を抑制することで症状が改善することが報告されている。（非特許文献４～６）
The central nervous system is a region where many nerve cells and glial cells gather, and in vertebrates, this includes the brain and spinal cord. Inflammation in the central nervous system is associated with chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis, psychiatric diseases such as depression and schizophrenia, and postoperative symptoms observed after surgery. It is recognized in many diseases such as delirium (
中枢神経における炎症は、細菌等の感染症のみが原因でなく、外傷性脳損傷や加齢などの要因によっても促進され、老齢マウスでは若齢マウスに比べて中枢神経の炎症性サイトカイン量が多いことも報告されている。また、中枢神経系には「免疫特権（ｉｍｍｕｎｅ ｐｒｉｖｉｌｅｇｅ）」が存在し、中枢神経系と末梢の免疫応答（炎症を含む）は、異なるアーム（武器）が関与することが知られている（非特許文献７）。 Inflammation in the central nervous system is not only caused by infectious diseases such as bacteria, but is also promoted by factors such as traumatic brain injury and aging, and older mice have higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system than young mice. It has also been reported that It is also known that the central nervous system has "immune privilege" and that different arms (weapons) are involved in the central nervous system and peripheral immune responses (including inflammation). Patent Document 7).
このことから、医薬品に代わり日常的に摂取することができ、中枢神経炎症を抑制することができる素材の開発が盛んに実施されており、天然成分や食品成分などから様々なものが提案されている。例えば、プラズマローゲンによる抗中枢神経系炎症剤（特許文献１）がある。 For this reason, the development of materials that can be ingested on a daily basis instead of pharmaceuticals and that can suppress central nervous system inflammation is actively being carried out, and various materials have been proposed from natural ingredients and food ingredients. There is. For example, there is an anti-central nervous system inflammatory agent using plasmalogen (Patent Document 1).
リン脂質は、卵黄や乳中に多く分布しており、細胞膜や血清リポタンパク質の構成成分として分布している。リン脂質には、ホスファチジルコリンやホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトールといったグリセロリン脂質や、スフィンゴミエリンといったスフィンゴリン脂質がある。生体内でのスフィンゴミエリン、ホスファチジルコリンおよびホスファチジルセリンは、情報伝達系を介して細胞の増殖や分化に影響を及ぼしていることが知られている。また、スフィンゴミエリンには、学習能力向上効果があることも示唆されている（特許文献２）が、中枢神経の炎症を抑制する効果についてはなんら知られていない。 Phospholipids are widely distributed in egg yolk and milk, and are distributed as constituent components of cell membranes and serum lipoproteins. Phospholipids include glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol, and sphingophospholipids such as sphingomyelin. It is known that sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylserine in vivo influence cell proliferation and differentiation via a signal transduction system. It has also been suggested that sphingomyelin has the effect of improving learning ability (Patent Document 2), but nothing is known about its effect of suppressing inflammation in the central nervous system.
本発明は、日常的に摂取することが可能であり、新規な中枢神経炎症予防又は治療効果を有する栄養組成物、飲食品、医薬品、飼料を提供することを課題とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide nutritional compositions, foods and drinks, pharmaceuticals, and feeds that can be ingested on a daily basis and have novel central nervous system inflammation preventive or therapeutic effects.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を行ったところ、リン脂質を経口摂取することによって中枢神経の炎症が抑制されることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。即ち本発明は以下の構成を有する
（１）リン脂質を有効成分とする中枢神経炎症抑制剤。
（２）１０～２，５００ｍｇのリン脂質を有効成分として含む、（１）記載の中枢神経炎症抑制剤。
（３）リン脂質が乳由来のリン脂質である、（１）または（２）記載の中枢神経炎症抑制剤。
（４）乳又は乳素材を孔径０．１～２．０μｍの精密濾過（ＭＦ）膜処理又は分画分子量５～５００ｋＤａの限外濾過（ＵＦ）膜処理することにより得られる乳由来リン脂質含有組成物を有効成分として含む、（３）記載の中枢神経炎症抑制剤。
（５）乳又は乳素材に酸を加えてｐＨを４．０～５．０に調整し、カゼインタンパク質を除去した後、孔径０．１～２．０μｍのＭＦ膜処理又は分画分子量５～５００ｋＤａのＵＦ膜処理することにより得られる乳由来リン脂質含有組成物を有効成分として含む、（３）記載の中枢神経炎症抑制剤。
（６）乳又は乳素材が、バターセーラム又はバターミルクである（３）乃至（５）の何れか１つに記載の中枢神経炎症抑制剤。
（７）グリア細胞の炎症を抑制するための、（１）乃至（６）のいずれか１つに記載の中枢神経炎症抑制剤。
（８）（１）乃至（７）に記載の何れか１つに記載の中枢神経炎症抑制剤を配合した中枢神経炎症抑制栄養組成物、飲食品、飼料、又は治療薬。
The inventors of the present invention conducted extensive research to solve the above problems, and found that the inflammation of the central nervous system is suppressed by orally ingesting phospholipids, thereby completing the present invention. That is, the present invention has the following composition (1) a central nervous system inflammation suppressant containing phospholipid as an active ingredient.
(2) The central nervous system inflammation suppressant according to (1), which contains 10 to 2,500 mg of phospholipid as an active ingredient.
(3) The central nervous system inflammation inhibitor according to (1) or (2), wherein the phospholipid is a milk-derived phospholipid.
(4) Contains milk-derived phospholipids obtained by treating milk or milk material with a microfiltration (MF) membrane with a pore size of 0.1 to 2.0 μm or an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 5 to 500 kDa. The central nervous system inflammation suppressant according to (3), which contains the composition as an active ingredient.
(5) Add acid to milk or milk material to adjust pH to 4.0-5.0, remove casein protein, and then treat with MF membrane with pore size of 0.1-2.0 μm or molecular weight cut-off of 5-5. The central nervous system inflammation suppressant according to (3), which contains as an active ingredient a milk-derived phospholipid-containing composition obtained by treatment with a 500 kDa UF membrane.
(6) The central nervous system inflammation suppressant according to any one of (3) to (5), wherein the milk or milk material is butter serum or buttermilk.
(7) The agent for suppressing central nervous inflammation according to any one of (1) to (6), for suppressing inflammation of glial cells.
(8) A nutritional composition, food or drink, feed, or therapeutic agent for suppressing central nervous system inflammation, which contains the central nervous system inflammation suppressing agent according to any one of (1) to (7).
本発明において用いることができるリン脂質は、グリセロリン脂質とスフィンゴ脂質を含有することを特徴とするが、由来は特に限定されず、化学的に合成されたものや、天然由来のもの、例えば、牛やヤギ、ヒツジ、ヒト等の乳由来のものの他、鶏卵等の卵黄由来のものが挙げられるが、乳由来のものがより好ましい。また、これら哺乳類の乳から調整したバターゼーラム、バターミルク等の乳素材から調整することも可能である。また、本発明に用いるリン脂質は、分離・精製された高純度のものだけでなく、未精製の組成物であってもよい。一態様において、本発明において用いることができるリン脂質は、化学合成された又は乳若しくは卵黄から精製された、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、又はスフィンゴミエリンの１つ以上からなるものである。別の一態様において、本発明において用いることができるリン脂質は、化学合成された又は乳若しくは卵黄から精製された、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、又はスフィンゴミエリンの１つ以上を含むものである。一態様において、本発明において用いることができるリン脂質は、化学合成された又は乳若しくは卵黄から精製された、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、又はスフィンゴミエリンの１つ以上からなるものではない。別の一態様において、本発明において用いることができるリン脂質は、化学合成された又は乳若しくは卵黄から精製された、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、又はスフィンゴミエリンの１つ以上を含むものではない。 The phospholipids that can be used in the present invention are characterized by containing glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids, but the origin is not particularly limited, and may be chemically synthesized or naturally derived, such as bovine. Examples include those derived from milk such as goat, sheep, and human, as well as those derived from egg yolk such as chicken eggs, but those derived from milk are more preferable. It can also be prepared from milk materials such as butter-zeelum and buttermilk prepared from the milk of these mammals. Furthermore, the phospholipid used in the present invention is not limited to a highly purified phospholipid that has been isolated and purified, but may also be an unpurified composition. In one aspect, the phospholipids that can be used in the present invention consist of one or more of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, or sphingomyelin, chemically synthesized or purified from milk or egg yolk. It is. In another aspect, the phospholipids that can be used in the invention include one or more of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, or sphingomyelin, which is chemically synthesized or purified from milk or egg yolk. It includes. In one aspect, the phospholipids that can be used in the present invention consist of one or more of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, or sphingomyelin, chemically synthesized or purified from milk or egg yolk. isn't it. In another aspect, the phospholipids that can be used in the invention include one or more of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, or sphingomyelin, which is chemically synthesized or purified from milk or egg yolk. It does not include.
（中枢神経炎症抑制用組成物中のリン脂質の定量方法）
本発明の中枢神経炎症抑制用組成物中のリン脂質含量は、春田らの方法（Ｂｉｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ， Ｂｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ， ＆ Ｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ（２００８）７２、８、２１５１－２１５７）により測定することができる。
(Method for quantifying phospholipids in a composition for suppressing central nervous system inflammation)
The phospholipid content in the central nervous inflammation suppressing composition of the present invention can be measured by the method of Haruta et al. (Bioscience, Biotechnology, & Biochemistry (2008) 72, 8, 2151-2157).
乳由来リン脂質をバターゼーラムやバターミルクから製造する方法の一態様を以下に示す。 An embodiment of a method for producing milk-derived phospholipids from butterzerum or buttermilk is shown below.
バターゼーラムとは、脂肪分６０重量％以上の高脂肪クリーム又はバターを、遠心分離、加温、又はせん断処理することにより得られる脂肪分３０～５１重量％の水層画分をいう。 Butter Zeelum refers to an aqueous layer fraction with a fat content of 30 to 51% by weight obtained by centrifuging, heating, or shearing high-fat cream or butter with a fat content of 60% by weight or more.
バターミルクとは、バターを製造する際に生じた脂肪粒以外の部分をいい、乳脂肪分３０～４０％に調製したクリームよりバターを製造する際に、チャーニングのような乳脂肪球同士の衝突による乳化破壊等の物理的分画操作より、バターと共に副産物として発生する淡黄色の液体である。なお、上記したバターは発酵バターであってもよい。 Buttermilk refers to the part other than fat granules that is produced during the production of butter, and is produced when butter is produced from cream with a milk fat content of 30 to 40%. It is a pale yellow liquid that is produced as a byproduct along with butter through physical fractionation operations such as demulsification destruction due to collision. Note that the butter described above may be fermented butter.
これらの原材料を用いて、乳由来リン脂質組成物は、以下のような方法等により調製することができる。 Using these raw materials, a milk-derived phospholipid composition can be prepared by the following method.
すなわち、乳または乳素材を精密ろ過（ＭＦ）膜または限外ろ過膜（ＵＦ）処理することにより、本発明のリン脂質組成物を得ることができる。 That is, the phospholipid composition of the present invention can be obtained by treating milk or a milk material with a microfiltration (MF) membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane (UF).
精密ろ過膜（ＭＦ）は、孔径０．１μｍ～２．０μｍのものが好ましい。孔径が０．１μｍ未満になると、ホエイタンパク質等の夾雑物が濃縮液側に残存するようになり、固形当たりの脂質含量が減少することにより中枢神経炎症抑制剤としての効果が弱くなる。また、孔径が２．０μｍを越えると、脂肪球が膜を通過して透過液側に漏れるようになるため、中枢神経炎症抑制効果を有する脂質画分が濃縮画分から減少するために、中枢神経炎症抑制剤としての効果が弱くなる。混入するタンパク質の量やリン脂質の回収量を考慮すると、孔径０．１μｍ～２．０μｍ程度の精密ろ過膜（ＭＦ）が最も好ましい。この孔径０．１μｍ～２μｍの精密ろ過膜（ＭＦ）としては、たとえば、Ｍｅｍｂｒａｒｏｘ（ＳＣＴ、Ｓｏｃｉｅｔｉｅ Ｃｅｒａｍｉｃｓ Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｔ社製）を使用することができる。 The microfiltration membrane (MF) preferably has a pore size of 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm. If the pore size is less than 0.1 μm, impurities such as whey protein will remain in the concentrate, and the lipid content per solid will decrease, thereby weakening the effect as a central nervous system inflammation suppressant. In addition, if the pore size exceeds 2.0 μm, fat globules will pass through the membrane and leak into the permeate side, and the lipid fraction, which has a central nervous system inflammation suppressing effect, will decrease from the concentrated fraction. It becomes less effective as an anti-inflammatory agent. Considering the amount of mixed protein and the amount of phospholipid recovered, a microfiltration membrane (MF) with a pore size of about 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm is most preferable. As the microfiltration membrane (MF) having a pore size of 0.1 μm to 2 μm, for example, Membrarox (SCT, manufactured by Society Ceramics Techniquest) can be used.
限外ろ過膜（ＵＦ）は、分画分子量５～５００ｋＤａのものが好ましい。５ｋＤａ未満になると、乳糖が濃縮され、脂質の割合が高くならないため、好ましくなく、５００ｋＤａはＵＦ膜の分画分子量の上限である。
なお、ＭＦ処理またはＵＦ処理を行う前に、上記原料に対して酸を加えてｐＨ４～５程度に調整し、カゼインタンパク質を等電点沈殿させて除去しおくことで、膜処理における膜の汚れ付着を防止できるとともに、得られる濃縮液中に含まれる固形物当たりの脂質含量を高くすることが可能となり好ましい。
The ultrafiltration membrane (UF) preferably has a molecular weight cutoff of 5 to 500 kDa. If it is less than 5 kDa, lactose will be concentrated and the ratio of lipids will not be high, which is not preferable, and 500 kDa is the upper limit of the molecular weight cutoff of the UF membrane.
In addition, before performing MF treatment or UF treatment, acid is added to the above raw materials to adjust the pH to about 4 to 5, and the casein protein is precipitated to an isoelectric point and removed, thereby preventing membrane fouling during membrane treatment. This is preferable because it is possible to prevent adhesion and to increase the lipid content per solid matter contained in the obtained concentrate.
さらに、ｐＨを４～５に調整した後に塩化カルシウムを加えると、カゼインタンパク質の沈殿がより促進されるのでより好ましい。塩化カルシウムの添加量は、全体の０．０１～０．０５重量％が好ましい。また、ｐＨ調整の際に加える酸の種類は特に限定されないが、塩酸や硫酸等の無機酸等が好ましい。 Furthermore, it is more preferable to add calcium chloride after adjusting the pH to 4 to 5, as this further promotes precipitation of casein protein. The amount of calcium chloride added is preferably 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of the total. Further, the type of acid added during pH adjustment is not particularly limited, but inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are preferred.
本発明のリン脂質を含有する中枢神経炎症を抑制する飲食品又は飼料はヒトまたは動物が経口摂取することにより、中枢神経炎症を予防、あるいは抑制させることができる。 The food, drink, or feed containing the phospholipid of the present invention that suppresses central nervous inflammation can be orally ingested by humans or animals to prevent or suppress central nervous inflammation.
上述のように、中枢神経の炎症が原因の１つと考えられている疾患である認知症、パーキンソン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ＡＬＳ）、多発性硬化症等、並びに統合失調症、うつ病、自閉症等の精神疾患、及び術後せん妄のリスクの低減のためにも、本発明の抗中枢神経系炎症剤を好ましく用いることができる。 As mentioned above, diseases that are thought to be caused by inflammation of the central nervous system, such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis, as well as schizophrenia and depression. The anti-central nervous system inflammatory agent of the present invention can also be preferably used to reduce the risk of illness, psychiatric disorders such as autism, and postoperative delirium.
中枢神経炎症予防剤や中枢神経炎症抑制作用を有する食品や飼料の製造の際には、糖類、タンパク質、ビタミン類、ミネラル類やフレーバー等、他の飲食品や飼料に通常使用される原材料等、安定剤、賦型剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、懸濁剤、コーティング剤、その他の任意の薬剤を混合した錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、粉末剤、シロップ剤等の製剤を用いることができる。 When manufacturing central nervous system inflammation preventive agents or foods and feeds that have a central nervous system inflammation suppressing effect, raw materials normally used in other foods, drinks, and feeds, such as sugars, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and flavors, etc. Preparations such as tablets, capsules, granules, powders, powders, syrups, etc. mixed with stabilizers, excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, suspending agents, coating agents, and other arbitrary drugs. can be used.
さらに、乳、乳飲料、発酵乳、チーズ、アイスクリームなどの乳製品、パン、スナック菓子、ケーキ、プリン、飲料、麺類、ソーセージ、各種粉乳や離乳食等の飲食品や飼料に配合することも可能である。 Furthermore, it can be added to dairy products such as milk, milk drinks, fermented milk, cheese, and ice cream, bread, snack foods, cakes, puddings, beverages, noodles, sausages, various types of powdered milk, baby food, and other foods and drinks, as well as feed. be.
なお、本発明により、中枢神経炎症抑制作用を発揮させるためには、成人の場合、リン脂質を一日当たり１０～２，５００ｍｇ、好ましくは、５０～２，５００ｍｇを摂取すればよい。 According to the present invention, in order to exert the central nervous inflammation suppressing effect, adults should ingest 10 to 2,500 mg, preferably 50 to 2,500 mg of phospholipid per day.
また、リン脂質を食品に配合する場合は、１食で上記の量を摂取してもよいし、数回に分けて、上記の摂取量になるように配合して摂取してもよい。 Furthermore, when phospholipids are added to food, the above-mentioned amount may be taken in one meal, or the phospholipids may be mixed and taken in several doses so as to achieve the above-mentioned intake amount.
以下に、実施例及び試験例を示し、本発明についてより詳細に説明するが、これらは単に例示するのみであり、本発明はこれらによって何ら限定されるものではない。また、実施例および試験例における「％」は断らない限り「重量％」を意味するものとする。 EXAMPLES Below, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples and Test Examples, but these are merely illustrative and the present invention is not limited thereto. Furthermore, "%" in Examples and Test Examples means "% by weight" unless otherwise specified.
［実施例品１］
バターゼーラムを材料として、乳由来リン脂質の高濃度画分を得た。手順を下記に示す。バターゼーラム粉（ＳＭ２、Ｃｏｒｍａｎ社製、ベルギー）の２５％溶液を調製し、５Ｍ塩酸を添加してｐＨ４．５に調整した。この溶液を５０℃で１時間静置し、カゼインタンパク質を沈殿させた。フィルタープレスを用いてこの沈殿を除去し、得られた水溶液を孔径１．０μｍのＭＦで処理して濃縮液画分を得た。この乳由来リン脂質含有組成物（実施例品１）は、全固形当たり脂質を５３％、リン脂質を３１％、タンパク質を２４％、糖質を１５％、灰分を８％含有していた。
[Example product 1]
A high-concentration fraction of milk-derived phospholipids was obtained using butter-zeelum as a material. The procedure is shown below. A 25% solution of butter-seerum powder (SM2, manufactured by Corman, Belgium) was prepared and adjusted to pH 4.5 by adding 5M hydrochloric acid. This solution was allowed to stand at 50° C. for 1 hour to precipitate casein protein. This precipitate was removed using a filter press, and the resulting aqueous solution was treated with MF having a pore size of 1.0 μm to obtain a concentrated liquid fraction. This milk-derived phospholipid-containing composition (Example Product 1) contained 53% lipid, 31% phospholipid, 24% protein, 15% carbohydrate, and 8% ash per total solid.
［試験例１］中枢神経炎症抑制作用の確認（１）
１．試験方法
実施例品１で得られた乳由来リン脂質高含有素材を使用し、経口摂取によるマウスの中枢神経炎症に及ぼす影響を調べる目的で経口摂食後のマウスの海馬を摘出し、炎症性サイトカインであるＩｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－１ ｂｅｔａ （ＩＬ－１ｂ）、Ｔｕｍｏｒ Ｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓ Ｆａｃｔｏｒ ａｌｐｈａ （ＴＮＦａ）の遺伝子発現量解析を行った。まず、１５週齢のＳＡＭＲ１系雄マウス（日本エスエルシー株式会社）を標準食（ＡＩＮ－９３Ｍ）で７日間予備飼育した後、１群８匹からなる２群に分け、表１に示した組成の飼料をそれぞれの群に１８週間自由摂食させた。マウス１匹当たりの平均摂食量は３．４ ｇ／日であった。なお、マウスの飼育は室温２４℃、湿度６０％、ｌｉｇｈｔ－ｄａｒｋコントロール１２時間の条件下で行い、脱イオン水を自由摂取させた。摂食期間終了後、解剖により海馬を回収し、ｍＲＮＡを抽出後、Ｒｅａｌ－Ｔｉｍｅ ｑＰＣＲ法を用いて各遺伝子発現量を定量した。ＩＬ－１ｂ、ＴＮＦａの遺伝子発現量はＡｃｔｉｎ Ｂｅｔａ（ＡＣＴＢ）を用いて補正を行った。その結果を図１、２に示す。なお本試料中には１００ｇあたり１．０８５ｇのリン脂質が含まれていた。
[Test Example 1] Confirmation of central nervous system inflammation suppression effect (1)
1. Test Method Using the milk-derived phospholipid-rich material obtained in
２．試験結果
対照食摂取群に対して、本発明群の方が代表的な炎症性サイトカインであるＩＬ－１ｂ及びＴＮＦａの遺伝子発現量が有意に低かった。この結果から、乳由来リン脂質は中枢神経炎症抑制作用を有することが明らかとなった。更に、ＴＮＦａやＩＬ－１ｂなどの炎症促進性サイトカインが、多発性硬化症や鬱などにおける炎症に関与することが知られているので（非特許文献５及び非特許文献６を参照）、本発明の乳由来リン脂質を摂取することにより、これらの疾患のリスクを低減できると期待される。なお、実施例品１で得られた乳由来リン脂質高含有素材をマウスに経口摂取させた場合、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、又はスフィンゴミエリンを単独でマウスに経口摂取させた場合と比較して、ＩＬ－１ｂ及びＴＮＦａの遺伝子発現量は有意に低くより優れた中枢神経炎症抑制作用を有することが期待される。
2. Test Results Compared to the control diet group, the gene expression levels of IL-1b and TNFa, which are typical inflammatory cytokines, were significantly lower in the present invention group. These results revealed that milk-derived phospholipids have central nervous inflammation suppressive effects. Furthermore, since it is known that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFa and IL-1b are involved in inflammation in multiple sclerosis, depression, etc. (see Non-Patent Documents 5 and 6), the present invention It is expected that the risk of these diseases can be reduced by ingesting milk-derived phospholipids. In addition, when mice were orally ingested with the milk-derived phospholipid-rich material obtained in
［試験例２］中枢神経炎症抑制作用の確認（２）
１．試験方法
実施例品１で得られた乳由来リン脂質高含有素材を使用し、培養細胞を用い中枢神経炎症に及ぼす影響を確認するための試験を行った。マウス由来のミクログリア株化細胞である６－３細胞を２×１０４ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｗｅｌｌの密度で６ウェルプレートに播種し、３７℃で７２時間培養後、炎症誘導物質であるＬｉｐｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅ（ＬＰＳ）を添加して２４時間培養した。ＬＰＳを添加しない群を無処理群、ＬＰＳを単独添加した群を対照群、ＬＰＳと本発明品を同時添加した群を本発明群とした。細胞を回収し、ｍＲＮＡを抽出後、Ｒｅａｌ－Ｔｉｍｅ ｑＰＣＲ法を用いてＩＬ－１ｂの遺伝子発現量を測定した。ＩＬ－１ｂ発現量は、Ａｃｔｉｎ Ｂｅｔａ（ＡＣＴＢ）を用いて補正を行った。その結果を図３に示す。
[Test Example 2] Confirmation of central nervous system inflammation suppression effect (2)
1. Test Method Using the milk-derived phospholipid-rich material obtained in
２．試験結果
ＬＰＳを添加していない無処理群と比較し、ＬＰＳを添加した対照群においてＩＬ－１ｂの遺伝子発現量が有意に高いことから、ＬＰＳによりミクログリア細胞の炎症を惹起できたことが分かる。一方、ＬＰＳと本発明品を同時添加した本発明群においてＬＰＳにより惹起されたＩＬ－１ｂの遺伝子発現量が有意に抑制された。この結果から、乳由来リン脂質は、グリア細胞における炎症抑制作用を有することが明らかとなった。
2. Test results: Compared to the untreated group to which LPS was not added, the IL-1b gene expression level was significantly higher in the control group to which LPS was added, indicating that LPS was able to induce inflammation in microglial cells. On the other hand, in the group of the present invention to which LPS and the product of the present invention were added simultaneously, the amount of IL-1b gene expression induced by LPS was significantly suppressed. These results revealed that milk-derived phospholipids have an anti-inflammatory effect on glial cells.
［実施例品２］
表２に示す配合で原料を混合後、常法により１ｇに成型、打錠して本発明の中枢神経炎症抑制剤を錠剤として製造した。なお本錠剤中には１００ｇあたり３．１ｇのリン脂質が含まれていた。
[Example product 2]
After mixing the raw materials according to the formulation shown in Table 2, the mixture was molded into 1 g and tableted by a conventional method to produce the central nervous system inflammation suppressant of the present invention as a tablet. Note that this tablet contained 3.1 g of phospholipid per 100 g.
［実施例品３］
実施例１で得られた乳由来リン脂質高含有素材５０ｇを４，９５０ｇの脱イオン水に溶解し、５０℃まで加熱後、ＴＫホモミクサー（ＴＫ ＲＯＢＯ ＭＩＣＳ；特殊機化工業社製）にて、６，０００ｒｐｍで３０分間撹拌混合した。この溶液５．０ｋｇに、カゼイン５．０ｋｇ、大豆タンパク質５．０ｋｇ、魚油１．０ｋｇ、シソ油３．０ｋｇ、デキストリン１７．０ｋｇ、ミネラル混合物６．０ｋｇ、ビタミン混合物１．９５ｋｇ、乳化剤２．０ｋｇ、安定剤４．０ｋｇ、香料０．０５ｋｇを配合し、２００ｍｌのレトルトパウチに充填し、レトルト殺菌機（第１種圧力容器、ＴＹＰＥ：ＲＣＳ－４ＣＲＴＧＮ、日阪製作所社）で１２１℃、２０分間殺菌して、本発明の中枢神経炎症抑制用液状栄養組成物５０ｋｇを製造した。なお本中枢神経炎症抑制用液状栄養組成物には１００ｇあたり０．０３１ｇのリン脂質が含まれていた。
[Example product 3]
50 g of the milk-derived phospholipid-rich material obtained in Example 1 was dissolved in 4,950 g of deionized water, heated to 50° C., and then heated in a TK homomixer (TK ROBO MICS; manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.). The mixture was stirred and mixed at 6,000 rpm for 30 minutes. To 5.0 kg of this solution, 5.0 kg of casein, 5.0 kg of soybean protein, 1.0 kg of fish oil, 3.0 kg of perilla oil, 17.0 kg of dextrin, 6.0 kg of mineral mixture, 1.95 kg of vitamin mixture, and 2.0 kg of emulsifier. , 4.0 kg of stabilizer, and 0.05 kg of fragrance were mixed, filled into a 200 ml retort pouch, and sterilized at 121°C for 20 minutes in a retort sterilizer (
［実施例品４］
実施例１で得られた乳由来リン脂質高含有素材１０ｇを７００ｇの脱イオン水に溶解し、５０℃まで加熱後、ウルトラディスパーサー（ＵＬＴＲＡ－ＴＵＲＲＡＸＴ－２５；ＩＫＡジャパン社）にて、９５００ｒｐｍで３０分間撹拌混合した。この溶液に、ソルビトール４０ｇ、酸味料２ｇ、香料２ｇ、ペクチン５ｇ、乳清タンパク質濃縮物５ｇ、乳酸カルシウム１ｇ、脱イオン水２３５ｇを添加して、撹拌混合した後、２００ｍｌのチアパックに充填し、８５℃、２０分間殺菌後、密栓し、本発明の中枢神経炎症抑制用ゲル状食品５袋（２００ｇ入り）を調製した。このようにして得られた中枢神経炎症抑制用ゲル状食品は、すべて沈殿等は認められず、風味に異常は感じられなかった。なお本中枢神経炎症抑制用ゲル状食品には１００ｇあたり０．３１ｇのリン脂質が含まれていた。
[Example product 4]
10 g of the milk-derived phospholipid-rich material obtained in Example 1 was dissolved in 700 g of deionized water, heated to 50°C, and then heated at 9500 rpm using an Ultra Disperser (ULTRA-TURRAXT-25; IKA Japan). The mixture was stirred and mixed for 30 minutes. To this solution, 40 g of sorbitol, 2 g of acidulant, 2 g of fragrance, 5 g of pectin, 5 g of whey protein concentrate, 1 g of calcium lactate, and 235 g of deionized water were added, mixed with stirring, and filled into a 200 ml chia pack. After sterilizing at ℃ for 20 minutes, the mixture was sealed and five bags (200 g) of the gel-like food for suppressing central nervous system inflammation of the present invention were prepared. In all of the gel-like foods for inhibiting central nervous system inflammation thus obtained, no precipitation was observed, and no abnormality in flavor was detected. This gel-like food for suppressing central nervous system inflammation contained 0.31 g of phospholipid per 100 g.
［実施例品５］
酸味料２ｇを７００ｇの脱イオン水に溶解した後、実施例１で得られた乳由来リン脂質高含有素材１０ｇを溶解し、５０℃まで加熱後、ウルトラディスパーサー（ＵＬＴＲＡ－ＴＵＲＲＡＸＴ－２５；ＩＫＡジャパン社）にて、９５００ｒｐｍで３０分間撹拌混合した。マルチトール１００ｇ、還元水飴２０ｇ、香料２ｇ、脱イオン水１６６ｇを添加した後、１００ｍｌのガラス瓶に充填し、９０℃、１５分間殺菌後、密栓し、中枢神経炎症抑制用飲料１０本（１００ｍｌ入り）を調製した。このようにして得られた中枢神経炎症抑制用飲料は、すべて沈殿は認められず、風味に異常は感じられなかった。なお本中枢神経炎症抑制用飲料には１００ｇあたり０．３１ｇのリン脂質が含まれていた。
[Example product 5]
After dissolving 2 g of acidulant in 700 g of deionized water, 10 g of the milk-derived phospholipid-rich material obtained in Example 1 was dissolved, and after heating to 50 ° C., Ultra Disperser (ULTRA-TURRAXT-25; IKA Japan Inc.) for 30 minutes at 9500 rpm. After adding 100 g of maltitol, 20 g of reduced starch syrup, 2 g of fragrance, and 166 g of deionized water, the mixture was filled into a 100 ml glass bottle, sterilized at 90°C for 15 minutes, and then sealed tightly. 10 bottles (100 ml) of beverages for suppressing central nervous system inflammation was prepared. In all of the beverages for suppressing central nervous system inflammation thus obtained, no precipitation was observed, and no abnormality in flavor was detected. The central nervous system inflammation suppressing beverage contained 0.31 g of phospholipid per 100 g.
［実施例品６］
乳由来リン脂質高含有素材２ｋｇを９８ｋｇの脱イオン水に溶解し、５０℃まで加熱後、ＴＫホモミクサー（ＭＡＲＫ ＩＩ１６０型；特殊機化工業社）にて、３６００ｒｐｍで４０分間撹拌混合した。この溶液１０ｋｇに大豆粕１２ｋｇ、脱脂粉乳１４ｋｇ、大豆油４ｋｇ、コーン油２ｋｇ、パーム油２３．２ｋｇ、トウモロコシ澱粉１４ｋｇ、小麦粉９ｋｇ、ふすま２ｋｇ、ビタミン混合物５ｋｇ、セルロース２．８ｋｇ、ミネラル混合物２ｋｇを配合し、１２０℃、４分間殺菌して、本発明の中枢神経炎症抑制用イヌ飼育飼料１００ｋｇを製造した。なお本中枢神経炎症抑制用イヌ飼育飼料には１００ｇあたり０．０６２ｇのリン脂質が含まれていた。
[Example product 6]
2 kg of milk-derived phospholipid-rich material was dissolved in 98 kg of deionized water, heated to 50° C., and stirred and mixed at 3600 rpm for 40 minutes using a TK homomixer (MARK II 160 model; Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.). 10 kg of this solution is mixed with 12 kg of soybean meal, 14 kg of skim milk powder, 4 kg of soybean oil, 2 kg of corn oil, 23.2 kg of palm oil, 14 kg of corn starch, 9 kg of wheat flour, 2 kg of bran, 5 kg of vitamin mixture, 2.8 kg of cellulose, and 2 kg of mineral mixture. The mixture was then sterilized at 120° C. for 4 minutes to produce 100 kg of dog feed for suppressing central nervous system inflammation of the present invention. This dog feed for suppressing central nervous system inflammation contained 0.062 g of phospholipid per 100 g.
本発明は、新たな中枢神経炎症抑制組成物として、乳由来リン脂質高含有組成物と該組成物を含む食品、医薬品、及び飼料を提供するものである。本発明の組成物等を摂取することにより中枢神経炎症を抑制できる。 The present invention provides a composition containing a high milk-derived phospholipid content as a new central nervous system inflammation-suppressing composition, and foods, medicines, and feeds containing the composition. Central nervous inflammation can be suppressed by ingesting the composition of the present invention.
Claims (8)
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