JP2022068077A - One-compartment type aqueous solution fuel cell with metallic copper as cathode electrode - Google Patents
One-compartment type aqueous solution fuel cell with metallic copper as cathode electrode Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 title description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UETZVSHORCDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] UETZVSHORCDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YMMGRPLNZPTZBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=C1C=CS2 YMMGRPLNZPTZBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
本発明は金属銅をカソード電極とし、電解質水溶液槽内で、イオン分離膜壁で正極陰極を分離することなく、１コンパートメントで発電する新規な燃料電池に関する。 The present invention relates to a novel fuel cell using metallic copper as a cathode electrode and generating power in one compartment in an aqueous electrolyte tank without separating the positive cathode by the ion separation membrane wall.
金属銅をカソード電極とする電池としては金属亜鉛を対極とし、希硫酸電解液中で金属の溶解・金属イオンの蓄積をエネルギーとした化学電池であるボルタ電池が有名であるが、銅をカソード電極とする金属空気電池及び燃料電池は開発されていない。なぜなら、カソードにおける酸素を活物質とし、アノードとして金属電極を利用する金属空気電池としては正極活物質である酸素と負極活物質の金属との反応物をカソード側で貯蔵するシステムを採用するため、金属酸化物である反応物を貯蔵する金属以外の炭素電極、セラミック電極を使用する必要があり、銅をカソード電極とする金属空気電池は存在しない。また、燃料電池に至っては、水素燃料電池が脚光を浴びており、典型的には固体電解質を挟んだ電極に水素を、そしてもう一方の電極に酸素を送って水素と酸素を反応させることにより発電させるもので、水素の供給源と、水素と酸素を反応させる固体電解質を両電極で挟むことを必要とするものであり、銅をカソード電極とする水素燃料電池は存在しない。 Volta batteries, which are chemical batteries that use metallic copper as the cathode electrode and have metallic zinc as the counter electrode and use the dissolution of metal and the accumulation of metal ions as energy in the dilute sulfuric acid electrolytic solution, are famous. No metal air cell or fuel cell has been developed. This is because, as a metal air battery that uses oxygen at the cathode as the active material and uses a metal electrode as the anode, a system is adopted in which the reaction product of oxygen, which is the positive electrode active material, and the metal of the negative electrode active material is stored on the cathode side. It is necessary to use carbon electrodes and ceramic electrodes other than metals that store reactants that are metal oxides, and there is no metal air cell that uses copper as the cathode electrode. Also, in the case of fuel cells, hydrogen fuel cells are in the limelight, typically by sending hydrogen to the electrode sandwiching the solid electrolyte and oxygen to the other electrode to react hydrogen with oxygen. It generates electricity and requires a hydrogen supply source and a solid electrolyte that reacts hydrogen and oxygen to be sandwiched between both electrodes, and there is no hydrogen fuel cell using copper as a cathode electrode.
近年、水素燃料電池と違って、水溶液を用いる１コンパートメント構造の過酸化水素燃料電池が燃料の供給が容易で、しかもカソードとアノード室を区画する膜のない１コンパートメント構造で動作できるため、有望なエネルギー変換プラットフォームとして期待されている。しかしながら、過酸化水素は燃料と酸化剤の両方として機能する高エネルギー密度液体であるので、ほとんどの金属電極はＨ２Ｏ２のＨ２ＯとＯ２ への不均化反応を触媒し、その結果、過酸化物燃料電池における著しい損失機構を示すので、金属をカソード電極とする過酸化水素燃料電池は存在しない。In recent years, unlike hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen hydrogen fuel cells with a one-compartment structure that uses an aqueous solution are promising because they can easily supply fuel and can operate in a one-compartment structure without a membrane that separates the cathode and anode chambers. It is expected as an energy conversion platform. However, since hydrogen peroxide is a high energy density liquid that acts as both a fuel and an oxidant, most metal electrodes catalyze the disproportionate reaction of H 2 O 2 to H 2 O and O 2 . As a result, there is no hydrogen peroxide fuel cell using a metal as a cathode electrode because it shows a remarkable loss mechanism in a peroxide fuel cell.
そこで、従来、伝導性ポリマーであるポリ（３，４－エチレンジオキシチオフェン（ＰＥＤＯＴ）をカソード電極とし、アノード電極としてニッケルメッシュを使用して、不均化反応による損失を発生させることない、０．２０～０．３０ｍＷ ｃｍの電力密度で０．５～０．６Ｖの範囲のオープン回路電位をしめす過酸化物燃料電池が発表されている（非特許文献１：「Ｓｉｎｇｌｅ－Ｃｏｍｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ ｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎ ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ ｆｕｅｌ ｃｅｌｌ ｗｉｔｈ ｐｏｌｙ（３，４－ｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｄｉｏｘｙｔｈｉｏｐｈｅｎｅ）ｃａｔｈｏｄｅｓ」Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ，２０１８，Ｖｏｌ．５４，Ｐａｇｅｓ １１８７３－１１８７６）。他方、カソード材料としてヘキサシアノ鉄酸銅（ＣｕＨＣＦ）を使用し、アノード材料としてＮｉグリッドを使用する過酸化水素燃料電池も発表されている（非特許文献２：「Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ ｈｅｘａｃｙａｎｏｆｅｒｒａｔｅ ａｓ ｃａｔｈｏｄｅ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ ｆｏｒ ｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎ ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ ｆｕｅｌ ｃｅｌｌ」Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎ Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ，ＥＬＳＥＶＩＥＲ，Ｖｏｌ．４５，Ｉｓｓｕｅ ４７，２５ Ｓｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ ２０２０，Ｐａｇｅｓ ２５７０８－２５７１８）。 Therefore, conventionally, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT)), which is a conductive polymer, is used as a cathode electrode, and a nickel mesh is used as an anode electrode, so that loss due to a disproportionation reaction is not generated. A peroxide fuel cell showing an open circuit potential in the range of 0.5 to 0.6 V at a power density of 20 to 0.30 mW cm has been announced (Non-Patent Document 1: "Single-Compartment hydrogen peroxide fuel cell". With poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) cathodes "Chemical Communications, 2018, Vol.54, Pages 11873-11876) On the other hand, copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) is used as the cathode material and Ni grid is used as the anode material. A hydrogen peroxide fuel cell has also been announced (Non-Patent Document 2: "Coper hexacyanoferrate as cathode material material peroxide fuel cell" International Journal of Hydrogene 25718).
かかる現状において、化学電池でなく、カソード極において、空気中の酸素を活物質とする金属空気電池又は燃料電池の構成が電気エネルギー供給源として好ましいものであるが、水素燃料電池は水素・酸素の反応槽をなす固体電解質と、外部から水素を供給する必要があり、水素ステーションという設備は水素燃料電池の自動車への有効利用性を制限するものとなっている。それに対し、過酸化水素を燃料とする燃料電池では、１コンパートメント内での反応であり、電池系のコンパクト化には有望であるが、カソード電極材料として伝導性ポリマーであるポリ（３，４－エチレンジオキシチオフェン（ＰＥＤＯＴ）または、ヘキサシアノ鉄酸銅（ＣｕＨＣＦ）を使用する必要があるため、汎用性に欠けるという問題点がある。 Under such circumstances, a structure of a metal air cell or a fuel cell using oxygen in the air as an active material at the cathode electrode instead of a chemical cell is preferable as an electric energy supply source, but a hydrogen fuel cell is a hydrogen / oxygen cell. It is necessary to supply hydrogen from the outside and the solid electrolyte that forms the reaction tank, and the facility called a hydrogen station limits the effective use of hydrogen fuel cells in automobiles. On the other hand, in a fuel cell using hydrogen peroxide as a fuel, the reaction occurs in one compartment, which is promising for making the battery system compact, but poly (3,4-), which is a conductive polymer as a cathode electrode material, is used. Since it is necessary to use ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) or copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF), there is a problem that it lacks versatility.
そこで、本発明者は、各種実験の中で、金属銅を使用し、塩化ナトリウム及び過酸化水素或いは過炭酸ナトリウムを含む水溶液を用いる条件下では銅表面から多量の水素の発生が見られる現象に着目した（図２）。そして、鋭意研究の結果、この電極表面で発生する水素が利用できると、水素燃料電池において、最大の問題である過大な水素供給システムの必要をなくすることができるとの考えに至った。他方、過酸化水素燃料電池においては、１コンパートメントの水溶液中で酸素を供給して発電できる燃料電池が容易に供給できるので、汎用性のある金属電極を使用しても、カソード電極で過酸化水素を不均化させることをなくせば、簡易な燃料電池を供給することができることに着目した。本発明者はかかる着目点に鑑み、鋭意研究の結果、電池内で水素が供給できるシステムを利用する一方、従来の水素燃料電池のように、固体電解質で電解層を二分することなく、カソードに酸素を供給して、１コンパートメントの水溶液中で酸素と水素を反応させて発電できる燃料電池構成を提供することを目的とした。 Therefore, the present inventor has developed a phenomenon in which a large amount of hydrogen is generated from the copper surface under the conditions of using metallic copper and using an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride and hydrogen peroxide or sodium percarbonate in various experiments. We paid attention to it (Fig. 2). As a result of diligent research, we came to the idea that if the hydrogen generated on the surface of this electrode can be used, the need for an excessive hydrogen supply system, which is the biggest problem in hydrogen fuel cells, can be eliminated. On the other hand, in a hydrogen peroxide fuel cell, a fuel cell capable of supplying oxygen in one compartment of an aqueous solution to generate power can be easily supplied. Therefore, even if a versatile metal electrode is used, hydrogen peroxide is used at the cathode electrode. We focused on the fact that a simple fuel cell can be supplied by eliminating the disproportionation. In view of this point of interest, the present inventor uses a system capable of supplying hydrogen in a battery as a result of diligent research, while using a cathode instead of dividing the electrolytic layer by a solid electrolyte as in a conventional hydrogen fuel cell. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell configuration capable of supplying oxygen and reacting oxygen and hydrogen in an aqueous solution of one compartment to generate electricity.
本発明は、図１に概略するように、少なくとも導電性を付与する電解質と過酸化水素を含む水溶性電解液と、該電解液中に浸漬する、金属銅からなるカソード電極と、金属銅より電極電位が卑なる金属アルミ又はマグネシウム金属又はその合金からなるアノード電極とを備え、前記電解液中に浸漬して前記金属銅のカソード電極とアノード電極を対向配置してなる、ことを特徴とする１コンパートメント型燃料電池にある。本発明においては、カソード電極である金属銅表面での水素イオン又は水素ガスの発生を利用するため、アノード電極を板状となし、その両面に金属銅板が間隔をおいて対抗配置してなる電極構成を少なくとも１組備えるのがよい。 As outlined in FIG. 1, the present invention comprises a water-soluble electrolytic solution containing at least an electrolyte that imparts conductivity and hydrogen peroxide, a cathode electrode made of metallic copper immersed in the electrolytic solution, and metallic copper. It is characterized in that it is provided with an anode electrode made of metallic aluminum or magnesium metal having a low electrode potential or an alloy thereof, and is immersed in the electrolytic solution and the cathode electrode of the metallic copper and the anode electrode are arranged so as to face each other. Located in one compartment type fuel cell. In the present invention, in order to utilize the generation of hydrogen ion or hydrogen gas on the surface of the metallic copper which is the cathode electrode, the anode electrode is formed into a plate shape, and the metallic copper plates are spaced apart from each other on both sides of the anode electrode. It is preferable to have at least one set of configurations.
本発明によれば、なぜかカソード電極である金属銅表面で水素と酸素が発生し、反応するらしく、その反応に特有な発熱する沸騰現象が見られる（図３）。他方、電解質と過酸化水素を含む水溶性電解液はほぼ中性域にあるので、アノード極を構成するアルミ又はマグネシウムはほぼ１昼夜で１～５％が溶解ロスするのみで、希硫酸を電解液として用いる化学電池のボルタ電池の場合より極めて小さい。そして、ボルタ電池ではおよそ１時間未満で銅表面は不動態化して発電が停止するのに対し、本発明においては過酸化水素が電解液中に存在する限り、１昼夜発電は継続するので、アノード極が溶解する化学電池でなく、また、銅電極表面で、過酸化水素から形成される酸素及び水素が反応し、発熱するためかアノード極とカソード極との間で電解液が加熱され、沸騰現象が徐々にみられるようになるため、本発明の電池構成は、水素と酸素とが反応して反応熱が発生する水素燃料電池特有の現象を有するものであると認められる。よって、本発明では従来の化学電池では見られたことのない、電極重量減少グラムあたり、５ｗｈ／ｇ以上の発電量が認められる。 According to the present invention, for some reason, hydrogen and oxygen are generated on the surface of metallic copper, which is a cathode electrode, and it seems that they react with each other, and a boiling phenomenon of heat generation peculiar to the reaction can be seen (FIG. 3). On the other hand, since the water-soluble electrolyte solution containing the electrolyte and hydrogen peroxide is in the neutral region, only 1 to 5% of the aluminum or magnesium constituting the anode electrode is dissolved and lost in about one day and night, and the dilute sulfuric acid is electrolyzed. It is much smaller than the case of the volta battery, which is a chemical battery used as a liquid. In the case of a volta battery, the copper surface is demobilized and power generation is stopped in less than about 1 hour, whereas in the present invention, as long as hydrogen hydrogen is present in the electrolytic solution, power generation is continued for one day and night. It is not a chemical cell that dissolves the poles, and on the surface of the copper electrode, oxygen and hydrogen formed from hydrogen peroxide react and generate heat, so the electrolytic solution is heated between the anode pole and the cathode pole and boils. Since the phenomenon gradually becomes apparent, it is recognized that the battery configuration of the present invention has a phenomenon peculiar to a hydrogen fuel cell in which hydrogen and oxygen react to generate reaction heat. Therefore, in the present invention, a power generation amount of 5 wh / g or more is recognized per gram of electrode weight reduction, which has not been seen in conventional chemical batteries.
図４に示す電池構成で発電量を測定した。
容量１２００ｍｌの波板壁を有する上部開放型直方体プラスチック容器内に等間隔で、電極を配置する。１０×２０ｃｍの厚み０．５ｍｍの銅板を３枚、同じく１０×２０ｃｍの厚み０．５ｍｍのアルミ板を２枚を、左から順に、交互に銅板／アルミ板／銅板／アルミ板／銅板を対向配置し、水道水７５０ｍｌに食塩を０．５～２．０モル／ｌの濃度となるように調整し、これに過酸化水素水（濃度３０％和光純薬社製）２５０ｍｌ、又はそれに相当する過炭酸ナトリウムｌ、或いは過酸化水素水２５０ｍｌ及び過炭酸ナトリウム０．５モル／ｌを混合し、その発電量を測定した。The amount of power generation was measured with the battery configuration shown in FIG.
Electrodes are placed at equal intervals in a top open rectangular parallelepiped plastic container with a corrugated sheet wall having a capacity of 1200 ml. Three 10 x 20 cm thick 0.5 mm copper plates, two 10 x 20 cm thick 0.5 mm aluminum plates, alternately facing each other from left to right: copper plate / aluminum plate / copper plate / aluminum plate / copper plate Arrange and adjust the concentration of sodium to 750 ml of tap water to a concentration of 0.5 to 2.0 mol / l, and add 250 ml of hydrogen peroxide solution (concentration 30% manufactured by Wako Junyaku Co., Ltd.) or equivalent. Sodium percarbonate l, or 250 ml of hydrogen peroxide solution and 0.5 mol / l sodium percarbonate were mixed, and the amount of power generated was measured.
その結果、過酸化水素の供給量にもよるが、０．５モル／ｌの食塩水以下では、発電量は小さく、１．５モル以上２．０モル／ｌの濃度の食塩水では容器から電解液が沸騰してこぼれるほど反応が大きくなるので、１．０モル／ｌ以上１．５モル／ｌ以下、好ましくは１．２モル／ｌ前後の食塩濃度が好ましいことが分かった。 As a result, although it depends on the amount of hydrogen peroxide supplied, the amount of power generated is small when the concentration is 0.5 mol / l or less, and from the container when the concentration is 1.5 mol / l or more and 2.0 mol / l. Since the reaction becomes larger as the electrolytic solution boils and spills, it was found that a saline concentration of 1.0 mol / l or more and 1.5 mol / l or less, preferably about 1.2 mol / l is preferable.
過酸化水素の供給量は３０％過酸化水素水（ｍａｓｓ／ｍａｓｓ）で電解液の１０分の１から４分の１で開始し、一定時間ごと、好ましくは２～３時間ごとに１０～３０ｍｌを添加するのが好ましいが、過炭酸ナトリウムを用いて過酸化水素水の添加に替えることができる。また、過炭酸ナトリウムを使用すると、過酸化水素が徐々に放出されるので、本発明電池の反応制御にとって望ましい。また、炭酸ナトリウムが電解質となるので、特に食塩を添加せずとも反応は進行する。しかしながら、過酸化水素水と過炭酸ナトリウムと食塩の三者を同時に用いることにより、発電反応の立ち上がりが早く、現状では最も好ましい組み合わせとなる。 The supply of hydrogen peroxide is 30% hydrogen peroxide solution (mass / mass), starting with 1/10 to 1/4 of the electrolytic solution, and 10 to 30 ml at regular intervals, preferably every 2 to 3 hours. Is preferable, but sodium percarbonate can be used instead of the addition of hydrogen peroxide solution. Further, when sodium percarbonate is used, hydrogen peroxide is gradually released, which is desirable for reaction control of the battery of the present invention. In addition, since sodium carbonate serves as an electrolyte, the reaction proceeds without the addition of salt. However, by using hydrogen peroxide solution, sodium percarbonate, and salt at the same time, the power generation reaction starts up quickly, which is the most preferable combination at present.
以上の実験を考察すると、本発明においては、金属銅をカソード電極として用い、過酸化水素を含む電解質中で銅より電極電位の卑なる金属アノードと対向すると、過酸化水素を含む電解質中ではその銅カソード表面で水素ガスの発生が起こり、そこで、過酸化水素水から供給される酸素と反応して水素燃料電池で見られる発電反応が起こる。これは現在まで見出されていない現象である。そのため、本発明の構成は１コンパートメント構造の水素燃料電池又は過酸化水素燃料電池として新規で有用な構成を提供することができるので、画期的である。Considering the above experiments, in the present invention, when metallic copper is used as a cathode electrode and faces a metal anode having a lower electrode potential than copper in an electrolyte containing hydrogen hydrogen, it is found in an electrolyte containing hydrogen hydrogen. Hydrogen gas is generated on the surface of the copper cathode, where it reacts with oxygen supplied from the hydrogen peroxide solution to cause the power generation reaction seen in hydrogen fuel cells. This is a phenomenon that has not been found until now. Therefore, the configuration of the present invention is epoch-making because it can provide a novel and useful configuration as a hydrogen fuel cell or a hydrogen peroxide fuel cell having a one-compartment structure.
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| WO2023033071A1 (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-03-09 | クロステクノロジーラボ株式会社 | Combustion method for hydrogen peroxide fuel cell using cathode electrode that is formed of copper or copper alloy |
| WO2023033068A1 (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-03-09 | クロステクノロジーラボ株式会社 | Air battery in which metallic copper or alloy thereof serves as oxygen reducing air electrode |
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| WO2023033071A1 (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-03-09 | クロステクノロジーラボ株式会社 | Combustion method for hydrogen peroxide fuel cell using cathode electrode that is formed of copper or copper alloy |
| WO2023033068A1 (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-03-09 | クロステクノロジーラボ株式会社 | Air battery in which metallic copper or alloy thereof serves as oxygen reducing air electrode |
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