KR100685907B1 - The method of an electrode use the inorganic - Google Patents

The method of an electrode use the inorganic Download PDF

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KR100685907B1
KR100685907B1 KR1020050040967A KR20050040967A KR100685907B1 KR 100685907 B1 KR100685907 B1 KR 100685907B1 KR 1020050040967 A KR1020050040967 A KR 1020050040967A KR 20050040967 A KR20050040967 A KR 20050040967A KR 100685907 B1 KR100685907 B1 KR 100685907B1
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electrode plate
group
fuel cell
plate
hydrogen
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KR20060118686A (en
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천수길
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/08Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605Porous electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8647Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
    • H01M4/8657Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92Metals of platinum group
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

본 발명은 무기물질을 이용하여 전기 및 수소를 생산해내는 방법에 관한 것으로 더욱 상세하게는 2족,8족,11족,12족 금속의 혼합물로 구성된 양극판과 탄소 섬유 종이와 같은 다공성의 전도성 지지체위에 촉매 작용을하는 백금족 금속의 혼합물인 음극판에 전해질인 Nacl를 이용하여 화학반응을 일으켜 전기 및 수소를 생산하는 방법에 관한 것이다.

Figure 112005506052939-pat00001

플러스극판, 마이너스극판, 금속공기축전지, 격리판, 극판군, 화학반응, 수소, 소금물.

The present invention relates to a method for producing electricity and hydrogen using inorganic materials, and more particularly, on a porous conductive support such as a bipolar plate composed of a mixture of Group 2, Group 8, Group 11 and Group 12 metals and carbon fiber paper. The present invention relates to a method of producing electricity and hydrogen by chemical reaction using Nacl as an electrolyte on a negative electrode plate, which is a mixture of platinum group metals, which acts as a catalyst.

Figure 112005506052939-pat00001

Positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, metal air storage battery, separator plate, electrode plate group, chemical reaction, hydrogen, brine.

Description

무기물질을이용한 전극제조 방법{The method of an electrode use the inorganic}The method of manufacturing an electrode using inorganic materials

도 1은 전극군(양극판)을 도시하는 단면도1 is a cross-sectional view showing an electrode group (anode plate)

도 2는 전극군(음극판)을 도시하는 단면도2 is a cross-sectional view showing an electrode group (cathode plate).

도 3은 전극군을 구성하는 격리판 사시도3 is a perspective view of the separator constituting the electrode group;

도 4는 격리판과 격리판의 번들로 구성된 극판군 사시도4 is a perspective view of a plate group consisting of a separator and a bundle of separators

도 5는 도 4에 부착된 전원부 및 수소가스 분출구5 is a power supply unit and a hydrogen gas outlet attached to FIG.

본 발명은 Nacl을 포함하는 소금물을 이용한 전기분해와 동시에 수반되는 전기 및 수소발생장치로서 기본적으로 수소발생연료전지기술에 기반한다.The present invention is based on hydrogen-generated fuel cell technology basically as an electric and hydrogen generating device accompanied with electrolysis using brine containing Nacl.

또한, 전기, Solar, 연(납)축전지, 건전지 사용방법에 의하지 않고 2, 8, 11,13족의 금속화합물로 구성된 양극판과 백금족의 화합물로 구성된 음극판에 전해질인 Nacl를 용해, 화학반응을 일으켜 전기 및 수소를 생산하는 방법이다.In addition, it dissolves chemical reactions by dissolving Nacl as an electrolyte in a positive electrode plate made of metal compounds of Groups 2, 8, 11, and 13 and a negative electrode plate made of platinum group compounds, regardless of how to use electricity, solar, lead-acid batteries, or batteries. It is a method of producing electricity and hydrogen.

종래에는 물론 현재에 이르기까지 이러한 방법을 이용하여 전기를 생산하는 제품이 출시되지 못하였으며, 또한 이 분야에 대한 연구실적도 전무한 상태이다.Conventionally, until now, products that produce electricity using this method have not been released, and there is no research in this field.

본 발명은 대체에너지 및 친 환경제품, 이동용 전원, 비상용전원으로 획기적으로 실용화 시킬 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한다..The present invention is to propose a method that can be practically used as an alternative energy and environmentally friendly products, mobile power, emergency power.

본 발명의 연료전지 시스템의 구성요소 및 기술특징으로는 다른 형태의 연료전지에 비하여 전류밀도가 크고 상온에서 작동되며, 구조가 간단하여 소규모 발전장치로서의 동력원으로 매우 적합한 시스템이다.The components and technical features of the fuel cell system of the present invention are a system that has a high current density and operates at room temperature as compared to other types of fuel cells, and is very suitable as a power source as a small-scale power generation device due to its simple structure.

또한 빠른 발전과 응답특성, 우수한 지속성을 가지고 있어서 그 활용가치는 매우 높다.In addition, its rapid development, responsiveness and excellent sustainability make it very useful.

본 전지에서는 전해액과 전극들은 직접접촉에 의하며, 특히 음극은 탄소 섬유종이와 같은 다공성의 전도성 지지체 위에 백금/탄소, 백금+루테늄/탄소 등의 촉매층을 부착시켜 제조된다.In the present battery, the electrolyte and the electrodes are directly contacted. In particular, the cathode is prepared by attaching a catalyst layer such as platinum / carbon and platinum + ruthenium / carbon on a porous conductive support such as carbon fiber paper.

NaCl 용액은 전기화학적으로 반응하여, 음극에서 수소이온과 전자를 생성한다. 음극에서 생성된 수소이온은 알칼리 용액을 통과하여 양극으로 이동하여 산소와 반응하여 물을 생성하거나, 외부로 배출된다.The NaCl solution reacts electrochemically, producing hydrogen ions and electrons at the cathode. Hydrogen ions produced at the cathode move through the alkaline solution to the anode and react with oxygen to produce water or be discharged to the outside.

음극에서 생성된 전자들은 화학반응의 자유에너지 변화와 함께 외부회로를 통해 발전하게 된다.The electrons generated at the cathode develop through an external circuit with a change in free energy of the chemical reaction.

실제 시스템에서 이러한 반응은 전극 내에 백금기초 전극촉매 물질의 존재 하에서 일어난다.In a practical system this reaction takes place in the presence of platinum based electrocatalyst material in the electrode.

이론적으로 수소는 일정한 값의 음극 퍼텐셜 이상에서는 자발적으로 산화반 응이 일어나며, TiO2가 자발적 반응을 가속시키는 역할을 하게 된다.In theory, hydrogen spontaneously oxidizes above a certain cathode potential, and TiO 2 accelerates the spontaneous reaction.

이하 첨부된 도면에 의해 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, described in detail by the accompanying drawings as follows.

도 1은 전기 및 수소발생장치의 일부분인 양극판의 단면도로서 전해 포텐셜이 높고 기계적 강도를 강화시키는 마그네슘을 주요 성분으로한 복합합금의 형태로서 제조하게 되며, 주조용 마그네슘 합금의 조성비중 Fe, Cu의 조성비를 표준보다 많이 함유하여 전기화학적 반응을 증가시켜 전지의 Start-Up(10분이내)을 빠르게 진행한다.FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a positive electrode plate which is a part of an electric and hydrogen generator, and is manufactured in the form of a composite alloy containing magnesium as a main component having high electrolytic potential and enhancing mechanical strength. It contains more composition ratio than standard to increase the electrochemical reaction, so the battery starts up quickly (within 10 minutes).

주요성분으로는 Mg, Al, Cu, C, Zn, Fe의 산화물의 형태로서 구성되며, 구성비에 의하여 발생되는 전압의 크기가 결정된다.The main component is formed in the form of oxides of Mg, Al, Cu, C, Zn, Fe, and the magnitude of the voltage generated by the composition ratio is determined.

조성비로는 마그네슘 90-93%, 철 0.5-0.8%, 구리 3-4%, 알루미늄 4-5%, 아연 1-1.5%, 카본 1.5-2%로 구성되어진다.The composition ratio is composed of 90-93% magnesium, 0.5-0.8% iron, 3-4% copper, 4-5% aluminum, 1-1.5% zinc and 1.5-2% carbon.

또한, 현재 일반적으로 사용하고있는 다이캐스팅 재료인 AZ60B, AM50합금의 경우 Cu함유비율은 〈0.03이고 Fe합금비율은 〈0.005dls 관계로 본 발명품의 Cu 3-4%, Fe 0.5-0.8의 합금은 합금조성의 문제점 및 제품성형시에 야기될 수 있는 조성물의 침전, 기계마모, 소재관리등의 문제가 발생하기 때문에 보완할 수 있는 주물작업 및 단조프레스로 성형한 것이다.In addition, in the case of AZ60B and AM50 alloys, which are commonly used die casting materials, the Cu content ratio is <0.03 and the Fe alloy ratio is <0.005dls, so the alloys of Cu 3-4% and Fe 0.5-0.8 are alloys. It is molded by casting and forging presses that can be supplemented because of problems of composition and problems such as sedimentation of the composition, mechanical wear, and material management, which can be caused during product molding.

본 전지는 소금물을 투입함으로써 동작이 개시되는 주액전지로서 전극반응으로, 순수한 금속과 그 금속이온의 수용액에서의 표준전극전위는 그 금속의 특유한 값이며, 표준생성 자유에너지로부터 계산하면 마그네슘의 경우, 표준전극전위값 (Mg2++2e=Mg)이 -2.37V 에 해당된다.This battery is a liquid electrolyte battery which starts operation by adding salt water. The electrode potential is the unique value of the metal in the aqueous solution of pure metal and its metal ion. The standard electrode potential value (Mg 2+ + 2e = Mg) corresponds to -2.37V.

주요 전극반응에 참여하게되는 마그네슘은 타 금속에 비하여 전위차값은 크고, 수용액중에서 불안정하므로 전위발생 속도는 초기에 빠르게 구동될 수 있다. 반면에 부식되기 쉬우므로 부식속도를 억제하기 위하여 적절한 금속물들과의 합금을 시도하여야 한다.Magnesium, which participates in the main electrode reaction, has a larger potential difference value than other metals and is unstable in an aqueous solution, so the rate of potential generation can be driven at an early stage. On the other hand, since it is easy to corrode, an alloy with appropriate metals should be tried to suppress the corrosion rate.

양극판은 엄밀하게 계산된 전극면적과 부식속도등이 고려되어 두께와 소금물과의 접촉면적이 결정되며, 목표 전위차인 1.2V에 적합한 크기의 전극의 제원하에서 단위셀에 해당되는 전극판이 제작된다.The anode plate is determined by considering the electrode area and the corrosion rate, which are calculated strictly, and the contact area between the salt and the salt water is determined, and the electrode plate corresponding to the unit cell is manufactured under the specification of the electrode having a size suitable for the target potential difference of 1.2V.

도 2는 도 1과 같이 양극판이 담금의 형태로 전해액과 접촉을 하게 되며, 전해액은 음극판으로 구성되는 단위 전해셀에 전해액이 일정량으로 유지될 수 있도록 금형이 되어 있다.2 is a positive electrode plate in contact with the electrolyte in the form of immersion, as shown in Figure 1, the electrolyte is a mold so that the electrolyte is maintained in a predetermined amount in the unit electrolyte cell consisting of the negative electrode plate.

이때 양극판과 평행하도록 음극판이 구성되며 음극판의 면적은 대면하고 있는 양극판과 면적이 거의 유사하다.At this time, the negative electrode plate is configured to be parallel to the positive electrode plate, and the area of the negative electrode plate is almost similar to that of the positive electrode plate facing.

음극판은 전위발생을 자발적으로 진행하기 위한 촉매성분들이 소량 함유되며, 이의 지지판으로 스테인레스망 표면에 탄소성분이 다량 포함된 전극소재로 구성된다.The negative electrode plate contains a small amount of catalyst components for spontaneously generating dislocations, and is composed of an electrode material containing a large amount of carbon on the surface of a stainless steel network as its supporting plate.

화학적인 방법에 의해 전극촉매를 제조하게 되며, 접착력을 향상시키고 접촉저항을 감소시키기 위하여 Ⅷ족 금속 Pt, Ir, Ru등 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 형성되며, 바람직하게는 Pt이다.The electrocatalyst is prepared by a chemical method, and is formed from the group consisting of Group VIII metals Pt, Ir, Ru, and the like and mixtures thereof in order to improve adhesion and reduce contact resistance, preferably Pt.

Ⅷ족 금속 성분은 본 발명에 따른 촉매의 주 활성 성분이다. 상기 촉매에 함유된 백금족 금속은 원소금속상태로 존재하거나, 또는 산화물, 황화물, 할로겐화물, 또는 산화할로겐화물등과 같은 화합물의 상태로 존재하거나, 또는 상기 촉매내의 하나 이상의 다른 성분과의 화학적 결합의 상태로 존재할 수 있다.The Group VIII metal component is the main active component of the catalyst according to the invention. The platinum group metals contained in the catalyst exist in the elemental metal state, or in the state of a compound such as an oxide, sulfide, halide, or halide oxide, or a state of chemical bonding with one or more other components in the catalyst. May exist.

또한, Ⅷ족 금속을 탄소 분말을 기본으로 한 복합체를 제조하여 스테인레스망 다공성 지지체 박막의 형태로 지지시키며, 이는 다공성과 반응성이 풍부하여 전해액이 자유로이 확산 및 침투를 유도한다. 오래 사용하는 동안 수축, 경화하여 성능이 떨어지는 경향이 있기 때문에 이것을 방지하기 위한 알칼리 용액에 내구성을 보유할 수 있도록 표면처리를 한다.In addition, by preparing a complex based on the carbon powder of the Group VIII metal, it is supported in the form of a stainless steel porous support thin film, which is rich in porosity and reactivity, the electrolyte freely induces diffusion and penetration. Since it tends to shrink and cure over long periods of use, the performance tends to deteriorate.

전해액은 무색, 투명한 염화나트륨이며, 양극판과 음극판에서의 반응을 일으켜 흘러 들어간 전기를 저장하여 단전지(cell)에서 전기를 전도시키는 역할을 한다. 전해액의 농도는 축전지가 만충전 상태일 때 약 37.5%의 농도가 된다.(wt%) 또한, 촉매금속층을 연료전극, 또는 산소전극으로서 기능하도록 하여, 연료전극이나 산소전극을 개별 취급할 필요가 없고 기계적 강도를 고려할 필요가 없다. 따라서 전극의 두께를 지극히 얇게할 수 있어 그 결과 제작되는 전지에 있어서는 전지반응이 효율적으로 행하여져 전지성능이 향상된다.Electrolyte is colorless and transparent sodium chloride, and it plays a role in conducting electricity in the cell by storing the electricity flowing through the reaction in the positive and negative plates. The concentration of the electrolyte is about 37.5% when the battery is fully charged. (Wt%) In addition, the catalyst metal layer functions as a fuel electrode or an oxygen electrode, so that the fuel electrode and the oxygen electrode need to be handled separately. No mechanical strength needs to be taken into account. Therefore, the thickness of the electrode can be made extremely thin, and as a result, in the produced battery, the battery reaction is performed efficiently, thereby improving the battery performance.

또한 에너지밀도도 대폭 향상된다.In addition, energy density is greatly improved.

도 3, 도4는 셀당 격리판과 격리판의 번들로 구성되는 극판군을 고려할 수 있으며, 격리판은 각 셀을 분리시켜 반응을 최대화 시킨다.3 and 4 can be considered a group of plates consisting of a bundle of separators and separators per cell, the separator separates each cell to maximize the reaction.

비 전도성이며 다공성이 풍부하고 전기저항이 적고, 내열 내산성이 우수한 것이 요구되므로 재질로는 합성수지, 또는 강화섬유가 많이 쓰여진다.Since it is required to be non-conductive, rich in porosity, low in electrical resistance, and excellent in heat resistance and acid resistance, synthetic resin or reinforcing fiber is used as a material.

극판군은 음극판에 양극판을 삽입한 셀들로 이루어져 있으며, 그 사이에 격리판으로 구성되어 있다. 단전지당(한cell)당 기전력은 약 2V의 전압을 발생한다. 이 전압의 크기는 11cm × 11cm의 cell이 직렬로 12개 이상 접속되어 일정한 12V이상의 전압을 발생시킨다.The electrode plate group is composed of cells in which a positive electrode plate is inserted into a negative electrode plate, and is composed of a separator plate therebetween. The electromotive force per cell generates about 2V of voltage. The size of this voltage is that more than 12 cells of 11cm × 11cm are connected in series to generate a voltage of more than 12V.

촉매 금속층은 산소가스를 공급하기 위한 통기구멍을 갖는 것이 바람직하다. 촉매 금속층이 산소가스를 공급하기 위한 통기구멍을 갖는 것으로서 전극반응이 저해되지 않고 전극반응이 더욱 효율적으로 행하여져 전지성능이 더욱 향상된다.The catalyst metal layer preferably has a vent hole for supplying oxygen gas. Since the catalytic metal layer has a vent hole for supplying oxygen gas, the electrode reaction is not inhibited and the electrode reaction is performed more efficiently, thereby further improving the battery performance.

Nacl를 이용한 전기발생장치는 일반적으로 사용되고있는 납(연)축전지, Salor충전에 의한 축전지와는 다르게 전해질인 Nacl를 이용한 화학반응만으로 전력을 얻게됨은 물론, 별도의 충전과 장치가 필요없으며 이와같은 장치만으로 전기를 바로 얻을 수 있으므로 군 작전 훈련용, 레져용, 전기를 필요로하는 노점상, 섬 또는 도서지방, 재해시나 비상시, 소형선박등 우리생활에 다양하게 적용할 수 있다.Unlike the lead-acid battery and salor-charged battery which are generally used, the electric generator using Nacl obtains electric power only by chemical reaction using Nacl as an electrolyte, and does not require a separate charging and device. Electricity can be obtained directly from the bay, so it can be applied in various ways to our daily lives such as military operation training, leisure, street vendors who need electricity, islands or islands, disasters or emergencies, and small ships.

또한, 전기를 사용하지 않을시에는 전해질인 Nacl를 비움으로서 장시간 보관이 가능하며, 양극판의 산화된 슬러지는 인체 및 환경에 전혀 문제가 되지 않는 친환경물질이므로 전력이 부족한 현실에서 다양한 분야에 적용이 가능하다.In addition, when electricity is not used, it is possible to store it for a long time by emptying the electrolyte Nacl, and the oxidized sludge of the anode plate is an eco-friendly material that does not cause any problems to the human body and the environment. Do.

Claims (6)

2,8,11,13족 금속들중 마그네슘 90-93%, 철 0.5-0.8%, 구리 3-4%, 알루미늄 4-5%, 아연 1-1.5%, 카본 1.5-2%등으로 구성된 복합합금이 양극판으로서의 기능하는 것을 특징으로하는 연료전지.Among the 2,8,11,13 metals, a compound composed of magnesium 90-93%, iron 0.5-0.8%, copper 3-4%, aluminum 4-5%, zinc 1-1.5%, carbon 1.5-2%, etc. A fuel cell, wherein the alloy functions as a positive electrode plate. 다공성의 전도성 지지체로서 탄소종이위에 백금/탄소, 백금+루테늄/탄소의 촉매층을 이용하여 음극판으로서의 기능하는 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지.A fuel cell, which functions as a negative electrode plate using a catalyst layer of platinum / carbon and platinum + ruthenium / carbon on carbon paper as a porous conductive support. 제 2항에 있어 촉매층은 스테인레스망으로 구성된 다공성 지지체를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지.The fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the catalyst layer has a porous support composed of a stainless steel network. 제2항에 있어 TiO2가 수소를 자발적으로 산화반응이 일어나도록 반응을 가속시키는 역할을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 연료전지.The fuel cell of claim 2, wherein TiO2 accelerates the reaction to spontaneously oxidize hydrogen. 양극판과 음극판이 화학적인 반응이 발생하도록 하도록 Nacl 및 바닷물을 전해질을 사용하는 특징을 갖는 연료전지.A fuel cell characterized by using Nacl and seawater as electrolytes to cause a chemical reaction between a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate. 양극판과 음극판이 전해질인 Nacl 및 바닷물을 사용하여 화학반응을 일으켜 전기 및 수소가스를 생산해내는 특징을 갖는 연료전지.A fuel cell having a characteristic in which an anode plate and a cathode plate produce electricity and hydrogen gas by chemical reaction using Nacl and seawater as electrolytes.
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JPH1116587A (en) * 1997-06-25 1999-01-22 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd Direct methanol fuel cell having solid high polymer electrolyte and its manufacture
KR20050024064A (en) * 2003-09-04 2005-03-10 백동수 A portable metal-air battery
KR20050046102A (en) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-18 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Metal oxide-carbon composite catalyst support and fuel cell comprising the same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1116587A (en) * 1997-06-25 1999-01-22 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd Direct methanol fuel cell having solid high polymer electrolyte and its manufacture
KR20050024064A (en) * 2003-09-04 2005-03-10 백동수 A portable metal-air battery
KR20050046102A (en) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-18 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Metal oxide-carbon composite catalyst support and fuel cell comprising the same

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