JP2022044827A - 免疫媒介性がん治療のための組成物及び方法 - Google Patents
免疫媒介性がん治療のための組成物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本PCT出願は、2015年10月21日に出願した米国仮特許出願第62/244,457号に対する優先権を主張する。この出願は、すべての目的のために、その全体が本明細書中に参考として援用される。
一部の患者が、腫瘍特異性細胞傷害性T細胞の検出に基づき、がんに対して免疫を呈することが示されてきたが、これらのT細胞は、何らかの治療的利益または予防的利益があったとしても、多くをもたらすことなく腫瘍から遮蔽されているようであった。この不整合を、腫瘍はさまざまな機序を進化させて免疫攻撃を回避するという理論で説明する人もいる。正常な免疫反応が起きるためには、APCは腫瘍由来の抗原を取り込み、抗原を保有する腫瘍細胞に対する細胞傷害性を発現すべくT細胞をプライムする処理後に、それらの抗原をT細胞に提示する。APCとT細胞との間の相互作用は、腫瘍関連抗原を認識し、MHC分子と複合体を形成するT細胞受容体(TCR)を含むさまざまなリガンド-受容体の相互作用、および共活性化剤CD28によって調節される。CTLA4は、T細胞の陰性調節因子として機能し、CD40は、APCのための陽性調節因子として機能する。PD-1は、細胞傷害性T細胞の別の陰性調節因子であり、免疫チェックポイントとして役立つ。腫瘍細胞は、PD-L1と呼ばれるPD-1リガンドを発現することができ、これはPD-1を活性化し、そのためT細胞の抗腫瘍活性を抑制する。腫瘍はまた、調節性T細胞をリクルートすることがあり、これは、細胞傷害性T細胞活性を抑制して腫瘍を免疫攻撃から防ぐことができる。がんを処置するために免疫シグナリング応答を操作するよう努力がなされてきたが、奏効率および無増悪生存率への効果は、多くの改善の余地を残している。さらに、免疫抑制を弱める化合物への過度な依存は、免疫系のバランスを、自己免疫障害のほうに傾けるおそれがあった。例えば、ニボルマブおよびペンブロリズマブの観察される有害作用には、さまざまな免疫関連の、肝炎、肺炎、下垂体炎、大腸炎などが挙げられ、このことは、全身免疫のさらなる強化が潜在的リスクを保有しうることを示している。
特定の実施形態では、例えば、以下が提供される:
(項目1)
被験体における固形腫瘍への免疫応答を強化する方法であって、
(a)低酸素活性化生体還元剤(HABA)を該被験体に投与すること、
(b)(i)低酸素誘導剤を該被験体に投与すること、または(ii)該固形腫瘍を供給している1つまたは複数の血管に塞栓形成することによって、低酸素を誘導すること、および
(c)ステップ(b)の前に、ステップ(b)と同時にまたはステップ(b)に続いて、免疫チェックポイント阻害剤を、該免疫チェックポイント阻害剤の不在下での免疫応答に比べて、固形腫瘍への免疫応答を強化するのに有効な量で投与すること
を含む方法。
(項目2)
前記低酸素活性化生体還元剤が、チラパザミンである、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
ステップ(b)が、血管破壊剤である低酸素誘導剤を投与することを含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目4)
前記血管破壊剤が、DMXAA、スチルベンまたはスチルベン誘導体である、項目3に記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記スチルベン誘導体が、コンブレタスタチン、コンブレタスタチン誘導体、cis-3,4’,5-トリメトキシ-3’-アミノスチルベン(スチルベン5c)、cis-3,4’,5-トリメトキシ-3’-ヒドロキシスチルベン(スチルベン6c)、およびスチルベン5cのプロドラッグであるモルホリノ-カルバメート誘導体からなる群から選択される、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目6)
ステップ(b)が、抗血管新生剤である低酸素誘導剤を投与することを含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記低酸素活性化剤および前記低酸素誘導剤が、前記固形腫瘍のうちの少なくとも75%の壊死を誘導するのに有効な量で投与される、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目8)
ステップ(b)が、塞栓剤を投与することによって前記1つまたは複数の血管に塞栓形成することを含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤が、PD-1、PD-L1またはCTLA-4の阻害剤である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤が、モノクローナル抗体である、項目9に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記モノクローナル抗体が、ニボルマブ、ペンブロリズマブ、アテゾリズマブ、MEDI4736およびイピリムマブからなる群から選択される、項目10に記載の方法。
(項目12)
前記固形腫瘍が、肝細胞癌、胆管癌、肝臓の転移性結腸直腸がん、肺がん、乳がん、結腸直腸がん、膀胱がん、頭頚部がん、卵巣がんおよび膵がんからなる群から選択される腫瘍である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目13)
ステップ(b)が、動脈塞栓術を含む、項目12に記載の方法。
(項目14)
ステップ(b)が、ステップ(a)の後に実施される、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目15)
ステップ(b)が、低酸素誘導剤を投与することを含む、項目14に記載の方法。
(項目16)
ステップ(c)が、前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤を、ステップ(b)の後に、2回またはそれよりも多い回数で投与することを含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目17)
前記免疫チェックポイント調節剤を投与することが、前記固形腫瘍を、処置前の大きさの50%未満である大きさに少なくとも6か月間維持するのに有効である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目18)
前記HABAの投与、低酸素の誘導と、前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤の投与との組合せが、前記被験体における増殖障害を処置するのに相乗効果を呈する、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目19)
被験体における固形腫瘍への免疫応答の強化に使用するためのキットであって、
(a)低酸素活性化生体還元剤(HABA)、
(b)低酸素誘導剤または塞栓剤、および
(c)免疫チェックポイント阻害剤
を含むキット。
(項目20)
前記HABAが、チラパザミンである、項目19に記載のキット。
(項目21)
パート(b)が、血管破壊剤である低酸素誘導剤である、項目19に記載のキット。
(項目22)
前記血管破壊剤が、DMXAA、スチルベンまたはスチルベン誘導体である、項目21に記載のキット。
(項目23)
前記スチルベン誘導体が、コンブレタスタチン、コンブレタスタチン誘導体、cis-3,4’,5-トリメトキシ-3’-アミノスチルベン(スチルベン5c)、cis-3,4’,5-トリメトキシ-3’-ヒドロキシスチルベン(スチルベン6c)、およびスチルベン5cのプロドラッグであるモルホリノ-カルバメート誘導体からなる群から選択される、項目22に記載のキット。
(項目24)
パート(b)が、抗血管新生剤である低酸素誘導剤である、項目19に記載のキット。(項目25)
前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤が、PD-1、PD-L1またはCTLA-4の阻害剤である、項目19に記載のキット。
(項目26)
前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤が、モノクローナル抗体である、項目25に記載のキット。
(項目27)
前記モノクローナル抗体が、ニボルマブ、ペンブロリズマブ、アテゾリズマブ、MEDI4736およびイピリムマブからなる群から選択される、項目26に記載のキット。
本明細書で挙げるすべての刊行物、特許および特許出願は、それぞれの刊行物、特許または特許出願が、あたかも具体的にかつ個別に参照により組み込まれていると示されたかのように、同程度に、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
用語「約」または「およそ」は、当業者により決定された特定の値について許容できる誤差範囲内であることを意味し、これは、いかにその値が測定されたかまたは決定されたか、すなわち測定系の限界に、部分的に依存する。例えば「約」は、当技術分野における実践当たり1以内または1超の標準偏差を意味することができる。あるいは「約」は、所与の値の、20%まで、10%まで、5%まで、または1%までの範囲を意味することができる。あるいは、特に生物系または生物学的プロセスに関して、用語は、値の、1桁以内、好ましくは5倍以内、より好ましくは2倍以内を意味することができる。特定の値が本出願および特許請求の範囲において記載されるところでは、別段指定されない限り、用語「約」は特定の値についての許容される誤差範囲内を意味すると推定されるべきである。
blood vessels that supply the targeted region)の機械的塞栓形成によって
、例えば塞栓剤の投与、または血管を機械的に閉塞するために介入放射線医により置かれるカテーテルを通じたデバイスによって、達成される。一部の実施形態では、低酸素は、動脈塞栓術によって誘導される。一部の実施形態では、血管破壊剤(VDA)および/または抗血管新生剤(AAA)等の1種または複数の低酸素誘導剤が、その内部で先に投与された、または共投与されたHABAが活性化される局所的な低酸素領域を生じさせるために、局所的にまたは全身的に投与される。
)が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。塞栓剤および低酸素活性化生体還元剤(HABA)の投与は、任意の好適な方法で実行されうる。例えばHABAが、塞栓剤の投与の前に(例えば約1~120分前に)投与され得、続く塞栓剤の投与が、領域中でHABAを「捕捉」する。あるいは、2種の薬剤が一緒に投与されてもよい(例えば混合物中に2種の薬剤を含む調製物を使用して)。一部の実施形態では、投与されるHABAの投与量は、この方法で処置される患者について、(例えばチパラジンの)約1mg~約200mg、好ましくは約5mg~約80mgの範囲にあり、投与される塞栓剤の用量は、例えばリピオドールの約5~40ml、好ましくは約20~30mlの範囲にある。塞栓形成範囲における低酸素領域または状態の創製を確実にするために、十分な塞栓剤が、X線透視装置検査下、意図される血管の分枝の完全な閉塞を達成するために投与される。塞栓剤の投与は、通常、動脈内注射によって実施される。あるいは、塞栓形成は、閉塞を誘導するための特定のビーズ等の他の手段によって実施されうる。
ックすることによって細胞傷害性T細胞の活性を強化し得る。抗-PD-L1または抗PD-1の、腫瘍細胞への投与は、免疫回避を妨げ、免疫介在性抗腫瘍活性を増加させ得る。抗CTLA4抗体は、これもまた描示されており、CTLA4関与の免疫抑制効果をブロックして潜在的にT細胞の増殖を強化することによって、活性な細胞傷害性T細胞の免疫媒介性細胞傷害性を強化し得る。こうした抗体は、調節性T細胞の活性を低下させ得る。
鎖および/または軽鎖CDRドメインを含むヒト化抗体は、(a)結合するために競うことが可能である、(b)機能的特性を保持する、(c)同一のエピトープと結合する、および/または(d)対応する第1の抗体と類似した結合親和性を有する。
または経口(例えば、カプセル剤、懸濁剤、または錠剤で)が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。医薬組成物は、一般に、医薬的投与またはin vivoの接触もしくは送達と適合性のある、1種または複数の活性剤、および1種または複数の薬学的に許容される賦形剤(溶媒(水性もしくは非水性)、溶液(水性もしくは非水性)、エマルション(例えば水中油型もしくは油中水型)、懸濁液、シロップ、エリキシル、ディスパーションおよび懸濁液媒体、コーティング剤、等張剤および吸収促進剤または遅延剤が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない)を含む。水性または非水性の、溶媒、溶液および懸濁液は、懸濁剤および増粘剤を含んでもよい。こうした薬学的に許容される担体としては、錠剤(コーティングされているまたはコーティングされていない)、カプセル(硬または軟)、マイクロビーズ、粉末、顆粒および結晶が挙げられる。補助的活性化合物(例えば保存剤、抗菌剤、抗ウイルス剤および抗真菌剤)もまた、組成物中に組み込まれうる。
物が挙げられる。
Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary)、転移性尿路上皮癌、転移性結腸
直腸がん、ミュラー管混合腫瘍、単球性白血病、口腔がん(Mouth Cancer)、粘液性腫瘍、多発性内分泌腫瘍症候群、多発性骨髄腫、多発性骨髄腫、菌状息肉症、菌状息肉症、骨髄異形成疾患、骨髄異形成症候群、骨髄性白血病、骨髄肉腫、骨髄増殖性疾患、粘液腫、鼻腔がん、鼻咽頭がん、鼻咽頭癌、新生物、神経鞘腫、神経芽細胞腫、神経芽細胞腫、神経線維腫、神経腫、結節性黒色腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、非黒色腫皮膚がん、非小細胞肺がん、眼性腫瘍(Ocular oncology)、乏突起星細胞腫(Oligoastrocytoma)、乏突起神経膠腫、オンコサイトーマ、視神経鞘髄膜腫、口腔がん(Oral Cancer)、口腔がん(Oral cancer)、口咽頭がん、骨肉腫、骨肉腫、卵巣がん、卵巣がん、卵巣上皮がん、卵巣胚細胞腫瘍、卵巣低悪性度腫瘍、***ページェット病、パンコースト腫瘍、膵がん、膵がん、乳頭状甲状腺がん、乳頭腫症、傍神経節腫、副鼻腔がん、副甲状腺がん、陰茎がん、血管周囲類上皮細胞腫瘍、咽頭がん、褐色細胞腫、中分化の松果体実質腫瘍、松果体芽腫、下垂体細胞腫、下垂体腺種、下垂体腫瘍、形質細胞腫瘍、胸膜肺芽腫、多胚腫、前駆Tリンパ芽球性リンパ腫、原発性中枢神経系リンパ腫、原発性滲出性リンパ腫、原発性肝細胞がん、原発性肝がん、原発性腹膜がん、原始神経外胚葉性腫瘍、前立腺がん、腹膜偽性粘液腫、直腸がん、腎細胞癌、クロロソーム15上にNUT遺伝子を含む気道癌、網膜芽細胞腫、横紋筋腫、横紋筋肉腫、リヒタートランスフォーメーション、仙尾部奇形腫、唾液腺がん、肉腫、神経鞘腫症、脂腺癌、続発性新生物、セミノーマ、漿液性腫瘍、セルトリ-ライディッヒ細胞腫、性索間質性腫瘍、セザリー症候群、印環細胞癌、皮膚がん、小型青細胞腫瘍(Small blue round cell tumor)、小細胞癌、小細胞肺がん、小細胞リンパ腫、小腸がん、軟部組織
肉腫、ソマトスタチン産生腫瘍、煤煙性疣、脊髄腫瘍、脊椎腫瘍(Spinal tumor)、脾
臓周辺帯リンパ腫、扁平上皮癌、胃がん、表在拡大型黒色腫、テント上原始神経外胚葉性腫瘍、表面上皮間質腫瘍、滑膜肉腫、T細胞急性リンパ芽球性白血病、T細胞大型顆粒リンパ球白血病、T細胞白血病、T細胞性リンパ腫、T細胞性前リンパ性白血病、奇形腫、末期リンパ性がん(Terminal lymphatic cancer)、精巣がん、莢膜細胞腫、咽喉がん
、胸腺癌、胸腺腫、甲状腺がん、腎盂および尿管の移行上皮がん、移行上皮癌、尿膜管がん、尿道がん、泌尿生殖器新生物、子宮肉腫、ぶどう膜黒色腫、膣がん、ベルネル・モリソン症候群、疣状癌、視経路グリオーマ、外陰がん、ワルデンストレームマクログロブリン血症、ウォーシン腫瘍、ウィルムス腫瘍、またはこれらの任意の組合せが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。一部の実施形態では、固形腫瘍が処置される。固形腫瘍の例には、肺がん、乳がん、結腸直腸がん、膀胱がん、頭頚部がん、卵巣がんおよび膵がんが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。一部の実施形態では、HABAの投与と低酸素の誘導と免疫チェックポイント阻害剤の投与との組合せは、被験体における増殖障害の処置において相乗効果を呈する。
カルノフスキーパフォーマンススケールスコアの点で証明されうる。カルノフスキーパフォーマンススケールは、患者を、彼らの機能的欠陥に従って分類することを可能にする。カルノフスキーパフォーマンススケールは、0~100でスコア付けされる。一般に、より低いカルノフスキースコアは、生存のための予後不良を予測する。そのため、ヒト患者におけるがんの処置は、代替的にまたは付加的に、(a)患者によって報告される痛み強度が、例えば処置の完了後12週間のうちの任意の連続する4週間の期間中に、処置前に患者により報告された痛み強度と比べて少なくとも50%低下(例えば少なくとも60%、70%、80%、90%もしくは100%低下)、(b)患者により報告される鎮痛剤消費が、例えば処置の完了後12週間のうちの任意の連続する4週間の期間中に、処置前に患者により報告された鎮痛剤消費と比べて少なくとも50%減少(例えば少なくとも60%、70%、80%、90%もしくは100%減少)、および/または(c)患者により報告されるカルノフスキーパフォーマンススケールスコアが、例えば治療期間の完了後12週間のうちの任意の連続する4週間の期間中に、治療期間前に患者により報告されたカルノフスキーパフォーマンススケールスコアと比べて少なくとも20ポイント増加(例えば少なくとも30ポイント、50ポイント、70ポイントもしくは90ポイント増加)によって証明される。
、治験薬の臨床試験における参加者用の、治験責任医師のハンドブック(1998年3月に更新)中で入手可能である。望ましくは、本明細書に記載の方法は、CTEP/NCIによるグレード付けで、最小の有害事象、例えばグレード0、グレード1またはグレード2の有害事象に関連する。しかしながら、腫瘍の大きさの縮小は、好ましくはあるが、腫瘍細胞の根絶(例えば壊死で)にもかかわらず腫瘍の実際の大きさが縮まないことがあるが故に、求められてはいない。がん性細胞の根絶が、治療効果を明確に理解するのに十分である。同様に、腫瘍の大きさにおける任意の縮小も、治療効果を明確に理解するのに十分である。
際特許出願WO01/24684にさらに記載されている。したがって、臨床医は、標準的な試験を使用して、がんの処置における本発明の方法のさまざまな実施形態の有効性を決定することができる。しかしながら、腫瘍の大きさおよび広がりに加えて、臨床医はまた、処置の有効性の評価において、生活の質および患者の生存も考慮することがある。
肝細胞癌モデルにおけるチラパザミンと肝動脈結紮との組合せ。
Y Spotchem EZ Chemistry Analyzer SP-4430(Arkray,Inc.、京都、日本)を使用することによって、ALTおよび総ビリルビンを評価するために収集した。1日または7日後に、肝臓組織を、HE染色のために収集した。
肺がんモデルにおけるチラパザミンとコンブレタスタチンA4とDMXAAとの組合せ。
in vivoでの、腫瘍壊死の誘導、および腫瘍の、がんワクチンへの変換。
肝細胞癌を有する、塞栓形成に好適である患者における、チラパザミンと動脈塞栓術(TAE)との組合せを使用する腫瘍壊死の誘導。
ントラストMRIによって読み取る。予備的有効性分析は、(図4)にあるような、コントラストで強調された病変を有していない6/12の評価可能な患者で、ロバストな活性を示し、これは、すべての腫瘍組織が壊死になったことを示しており、すなわち、TAEとともにチラパザミンの単回処置後に、改訂版RECISTによって、完全奏効(CR)を達成した。追加の3名の患者は、30%を超える壊死または部分奏効(PR)を有していた。全体の奏効率(CR+PR)は83%であった。この結果は、過去に動脈化学塞栓術(TACE)を受けた10,000名を超える患者のメタ分析でCR+PRが50%と報告された歴史的対照と比べ、有意に良好である。
チラパザミンと動脈塞栓術とで処置した他の腫瘍病変を有していた患者における、未処置の病変についての腫瘍の縮小。
非肝臓組織における、チラパザミンと血管破壊剤とを使用する腫瘍壊死の誘導。
肺がんモデルにおいて投与される、HABAと低酸素誘導剤と免疫チェックポイント阻害剤との組合せ。
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KR20180086195A (ko) | 2015-10-21 | 2018-07-30 | 테크리슨 리미티드 | 면역 매개 암 치료를 위한 조성물 및 방법 |
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US11534445B2 (en) | 2022-12-27 |
CA3002381A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
IL258701A (en) | 2018-06-28 |
AU2023202294A1 (en) | 2023-05-11 |
US20190070186A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
US20230133566A1 (en) | 2023-05-04 |
HK1251490A1 (zh) | 2019-02-01 |
IL258701B1 (en) | 2024-03-01 |
CN108472366A (zh) | 2018-08-31 |
AU2016342039A1 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
BR112018007889A2 (pt) | 2018-10-30 |
WO2017070606A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
AU2016342039B2 (en) | 2023-03-09 |
EP3365015A1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
CN108472366B (zh) | 2023-03-17 |
IL309273A (en) | 2024-02-01 |
JP2024019699A (ja) | 2024-02-09 |
SG11201803080YA (en) | 2018-05-30 |
EP3365015A4 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
KR20180086195A (ko) | 2018-07-30 |
CN116196427A (zh) | 2023-06-02 |
JP2018531277A (ja) | 2018-10-25 |
JP7476450B2 (ja) | 2024-05-01 |
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