JP2022029328A - 半導体装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022029328A JP2022029328A JP2020132620A JP2020132620A JP2022029328A JP 2022029328 A JP2022029328 A JP 2022029328A JP 2020132620 A JP2020132620 A JP 2020132620A JP 2020132620 A JP2020132620 A JP 2020132620A JP 2022029328 A JP2022029328 A JP 2022029328A
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- bonding layer
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Abstract
Description
絶縁基板と、
前記絶縁基板上に設けられた電極と、
前記電極上に設けられ、平均粒径がナノオーダーの金属粒の焼結体からなる接合層と、
前記接合層を介して前記電極に接合された半導体素子と、を備え、
前記接合層の層厚が、220μm以上700μm以下である。
絶縁基板に接合された電極上に、金属ナノ粒子が含まれる第1の焼結接合材料を印刷する工程と、
前記第1の焼結接合材料の上に、平均粒径がナノオーダーの金属粒の焼結体からなる第2の接合層を載置する工程と、
前記第2の接合層の上に、金属ナノ粒子が含まれる第3の焼結接合材料を印刷する工程と、
前記第3の焼結接合材料の上に半導体素子を載置する工程と、
前記前記半導体素子を載置後に加圧しながら加熱して、前記第1の焼結接合材料と前記第3の焼結接合材料とを焼結させて、前記第2の接合層を含む焼結接合層を形成し、前記焼結接合層を介して前記電極と前記半導体素子とを接合する工程と、
を含む。
本開示の実施形態に係る半導体装置1は、図1~図3に示すように、絶縁基板2と、絶縁基板2上に設けられた電極3および電極4と、電極3上に設けられ、平均粒径がナノオーダーの金属粒の焼結体からなる接合層(焼結接合層)5と、接合層5を介して電極3に接合された半導体素子6と、を備える。
絶縁基板2は、電極3と電極4と接合層5と半導体素子6とを支持する。絶縁基板2は、特に限定されないが、窒化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウムなどのセラミック基板を使用することができる。
電極3は、パターニングされた配線電極である。電極4は、ヒートスプレッダのような放熱部材(図示省略)が下部に設けられる電極である。電極3および電極4の材料は、銅(Cu)、アルミニウム(Al)であることが好ましい。導電性に優れた銅、アルミニウムなどの材料を用いることで、半導体装置1の電気特性が向上する。また、電極3には、Au、Pt、Pd、Ag、Cu、TiおよびNiのいずれかのめっき処理もしくはスパッタ処理が施されてもよい。すなわち、電極3の金属材料とは異なる金属層(図示省略)が、電極3上に設けられ、この金属層の材料は、Au、Pt、Pd、Ag、Cu、TiおよびNiのいずれかであってもよい。これにより、電極3と接合層5との接合性が良好になり、高温環境下においても優れた接合信頼性を有する半導体装置1を得ることができる。なお、電極は、図1および図2の通り、絶縁基板2の両面、または絶縁基板2のいずれか一方の表面に設けられていればよい。よって例えば、電極4を省略し、放熱部材(図示省略)が絶縁基板2に直接接合されていてもよい。
接合層(焼結接合層)5は、電極3と半導体素子6とを接合する。接合層5は、有機溶剤中に金属ナノ粒子を分散させた焼結接合材料を電極3上に印刷し、加圧しながら加熱することにより、複数の金属ナノ粒子を焼結結合させて形成される。これにより、接合層5は、平均粒径がナノオーダーの金属粒の焼結体からなる。
第1の接合層≧第2の接合層≧第3の接合層 ・・・(1)
これにより、第1の接合層7の上に第2の接合層8を形成する際に、位置精度のバラツキや寸法バラツキによるはみ出しを抑制することができる。また、第2の接合層8の上に第3の接合層9を形成する際にも同様に、位置精度のバラツキや寸法バラツキによるはみ出しを抑制することができる。
半導体素子6の材料は、炭化ケイ素、窒化ガリウム、ガリウムヒ素およびダイヤモンドのいずれかであることが好ましい。これらのワイドバンドギャップ半導体材料で形成された半導体素子6は、ケイ素で形成された半導体素子よりも動作限界のジャンクション温度が高いため、高温環境での使用が可能となる。ケイ素で形成された半導体素子を用いた半導体装置は、概ね150℃以下となる状態でしか使用することができないが、これらのワイドバンドギャップ半導体材料で形成された半導体素子6を用いた半導体装置1は、250℃~300℃といった高温でも使用が可能である。
上述した各部材のサイズは、特に限定されないが、好ましい一例として、絶縁基板2が24mm×24mm×厚さ0.3mm、電極3および電極4が22mm×22mm×厚さ0.8mm、第1の接合層7が7mm×7mm×厚さ0.05mm、第2の接合層8が6mm×6mm×厚さ0.25mm、第3の接合層9が5mm×5mm×厚さ0.05mm、半導体素子6が5mm×5mm×厚さ0.3mmであることが挙げられる。
上述の構成によれば、接合層5の層厚が従来よりも厚いため、電極3と接合層5との熱膨張差により発生する応力を低減することが可能となり、接合層5に発生し得るクラックを抑制し、接合信頼性の高い半導体装置1を提供することが可能となる。具体的には、例えば175℃~300℃などの高温と、低温との繰り返しによって生じる電極3と接合層5との熱応力を緩和し、良好な接合信頼性を得ることができる。より具体的な一例として、-40℃~200℃の間の低温および高温の繰り返しを1000サイクル行っても、接合層に生じ得る熱応力を抑制し、クラックの発生を抑制して接合信頼性を向上させることができる。
次に、本開示の実施形態に係る半導体装置1の製造方法について説明する。図4は本開示の実施形態に係る半導体装置1の製造方法を示す図である。
2 絶縁基板
3、4 電極
5 接合層
6 半導体素子
7 第1の接合層
8 第2の接合層
9 第3の接合層
31 第1の焼結接合材料
33 第3の焼結接合材料
34、35、44 メタルマスク
41 支持基盤
42 第2の焼結接合材料
43a、43b 離型剤
Claims (14)
- 絶縁基板と、
前記絶縁基板上に設けられた電極と、
前記電極上に設けられ、平均粒径がナノオーダーの金属粒の焼結体からなる接合層と、
前記接合層を介して前記電極に接合された半導体素子と、を備え、
前記接合層の層厚が、220μm以上700μm以下である、半導体装置。 - 断面視において、前記接合層の側面は、階段状の段差を有する、請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記接合層は、
前記電極上に設けられた第1の接合層と、
前記第1の接合層の上に設けられた第2の接合層と、
前記第2の接合層の上に設けられた第3の接合層と、を備え、
前記第2の接合層の層厚が、前記第1の接合層および前記第3の接合層の各々の層厚よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第2の接合層の層厚が、200μm以上500μm以下である、請求項3に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1の接合層と前記第3の接合層の層厚が、それぞれ10μm以上100μm以下である、請求項3または請求項4に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1の接合層と前記第2の接合層と前記第3の接合層の平面視の面積が、下記式(1)を満たす、請求項3~5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
第1の接合層の面積≧第2の接合層の面積≧第3の接合層の面積 ・・・(1) - 断面視において、前記第1の接合層、前記第2の接合層および前記第3の接合層の側面で構成される階段状の段差を有する、請求項6に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記金属粒の平均粒径が、10nm以上100nm以下である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記金属粒の材料は、Agである、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記電極の材料は、CuあるいはAlである、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記電極の金属材料とは異なる金属層が、前記電極上に設けられ、前記金属層の材料は、Au、Pt、Pd、Ag、Cu、TiおよびNiのいずれかである、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記半導体素子の材料は、炭化ケイ素、窒化ガリウム、ガリウムヒ素およびダイヤモンドのいずれかである、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 絶縁基板に接合された電極上に、金属ナノ粒子が含まれる第1の焼結接合材料を印刷する工程と、
前記第1の焼結接合材料の上に、平均粒径がナノオーダーの金属粒の焼結体からなる第2の接合層を載置する工程と、
前記第2の接合層の上に、金属ナノ粒子が含まれる第3の焼結接合材料を印刷する工程と、
前記第3の焼結接合材料の上に半導体素子を載置する工程と、
前記半導体素子を載置後に加圧しながら加熱して、前記第1の焼結接合材料と前記第3の焼結接合材料とを焼結させて、前記第2の接合層を含む焼結接合層を形成し、前記焼結接合層を介して前記電極と前記半導体素子とを接合する工程と、
を含む、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第2の接合層は、
支持基盤を準備する工程と、
前記支持基盤の上に第1の離型剤を塗布して乾燥させる工程と、
前記第1の離型剤の上に第2の離型剤を塗布して乾燥させる工程と、
前記第2の離型剤の上に金属ナノ粒子が含まれる第2の焼結接合材料を印刷する工程と、
前記第2の焼結接合材料を加熱し焼結させて、第2の接合層を形成する工程と、
前記第2の接合層を前記支持基盤から離型する工程と、
を含む方法により予め準備される、請求項13に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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