JP2020183626A - Foundation structure of building - Google Patents
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本発明は防湿性と蓄熱性に優れた建物の基礎構造に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a foundation structure of a building having excellent moisture resistance and heat storage properties.
我が国は梅雨期から秋雨期にかけては高温多湿となり冬期は低温となる。住宅においては梅雨期から秋季にかけてはカビやダニが発生しやすく、冬期は特に建物の１階の暖房をしない部屋は非常に寒くなることが問題である。少ない冷暖房負荷で、通年快適な温度環境を維持できる住宅として高気密、高断熱性の住宅が普及してきている。しかし、住宅の構造によって室内の湿度を快適な範囲に維持しようとする試みは十分にされてきたとは言えない。 In Japan, the temperature is high and humid from the rainy season to the autumn rainy season, and the temperature is low in winter. Molds and mites are likely to occur in houses from the rainy season to autumn, and the problem is that the unheated rooms on the first floor of the building become extremely cold in winter. Highly airtight and highly heat-insulated houses are becoming widespread as houses that can maintain a comfortable temperature environment throughout the year with a small heating and cooling load. However, attempts to maintain indoor humidity within a comfortable range due to the structure of the house have not been sufficiently made.
快適な湿度（相対湿度、以下湿度は相対湿度を指す）は冬期においては４０〜５０％、夏期は５０〜６０％とされている。湿度が４０％以下になるとインフルエンザウィルスなどが活動しやすくなり、６０％以上になるとカビやダニが増殖しやすくなるとされている。住宅の部屋の湿度の制御は、加湿器や除湿器、エアコンなどによるのが一般的である。しかしこれらの方法はエネルギーを消費し、これらの装置を設置した部屋のみの湿度制御に留まる。これらの装置によって住宅全体の湿度を常時快適範囲に制御することは高コストとなる。また押し入れやタンスの中、浴室などの閉鎖空間は通常湿度制御されることはなく梅雨期や夏期にはカビやダニが発生しやすくなる。 Comfortable humidity (relative humidity, hereinafter referred to as relative humidity) is 40 to 50% in winter and 50 to 60% in summer. It is said that when the humidity is 40% or less, influenza virus and the like are likely to be active, and when the humidity is 60% or more, mold and mites are likely to grow. Humidity control in a residential room is generally controlled by a humidifier, a dehumidifier, an air conditioner, or the like. However, these methods consume energy and are limited to humidity control only in the room where these devices are installed. It is costly to constantly control the humidity of the entire house within a comfortable range by using these devices. In addition, the humidity of closed spaces such as bathrooms is not normally controlled in closets and chests of drawers, and mold and mites are likely to occur during the rainy season and summer.
湿気は床下や窓など建物の開口部から浸入してくると考えられる。特に床下が高湿度になることが多く、これを解決するために床下の換気を良くすることが奨励されている（非特許文献１）。床下が高湿度になりやすいのは、床下に入り込んだ水蒸気を含んだ空気が気温より低温である地温により冷却され空気中の水蒸気が結露するためである。高気密、高断熱住宅では窓などの開口部は特に梅雨期や夏期は閉鎖している場合が多いが、床下には換気口が設けられ外気を床下に通すことが一般的である。夏期に屋外の空気を床下から取り入れて壁の内側に設けた空間を通し日射や輻射熱で熱せられた空気を外気で置換することにより部屋の温度を下げる建物なども提案されている（特許文献１）。また小屋裏空間と換気口を設けない床下空間を連通させ小屋裏の換気口から取り込んだ外気を床下空間に送り込み床下空間の空気を置換する住宅も提案されている（特許文献２）。しかしこのような方法では外気の湿気も共に床下空間に取り込むことになり、結露により床下空間が高湿度となる。また建物の土台と基礎の立ち上がりの接合部で結露しやすく、土台や鉄筋の腐食が進行しやすい。 Moisture is thought to enter through openings in buildings such as underfloor and windows. In particular, the humidity under the floor often becomes high, and in order to solve this, it is encouraged to improve the ventilation under the floor (Non-Patent Document 1). The reason why the humidity under the floor tends to be high is that the air containing water vapor that has entered under the floor is cooled by the ground temperature, which is lower than the air temperature, and the water vapor in the air condenses. In highly airtight and highly insulated houses, openings such as windows are often closed during the rainy season and summer, but it is common for ventilation openings to be provided under the floor to allow outside air to pass under the floor. A building that lowers the temperature of a room by taking in outdoor air from under the floor in summer and replacing the air heated by sunlight or radiant heat with outside air through the space provided inside the wall has also been proposed (Patent Document 1). ). In addition, a house has been proposed in which the space behind the cabin and the underfloor space without a ventilation port are communicated with each other, and the outside air taken in from the ventilation port behind the cabin is sent to the underfloor space to replace the air in the underfloor space (Patent Document 2). However, in such a method, the humidity of the outside air is also taken into the underfloor space, and the underfloor space becomes high humidity due to dew condensation. In addition, dew condensation is likely to occur at the joint between the base of the building and the rising edge of the foundation, and corrosion of the base and reinforcing bars is likely to proceed.
また、高気密、高断熱住宅の基礎はベタ基礎が採用されているのが通常である。しかし地盤沈下や中程度以下の地震でも基礎にひびが入りやすく、発生したひびから湿気や水が浸入し床下が常時湿気た状態になりやすい。 In addition, a solid foundation is usually adopted as the foundation of a highly airtight and highly insulated house. However, even in the case of land subsidence or a moderate or less earthquake, the foundation is liable to crack, and moisture and water infiltrate from the cracks that occur, and the underfloor tends to be constantly moist.
また、建物の一階の床に接する部分、特に押し入れなど閉鎖空間では高湿度となりカビやダニが増殖しやすい。建物の１階の床に接する部分は、床下が夜間や冬期の低い地温の影響を受け低温となり、その結果床表面温度が室温よりも低温になるために床面が結露することにより高湿度となると考えられる。 In addition, the humidity is high in the part of the building that is in contact with the floor, especially in a closed space such as a closet, and mold and mites are likely to grow. The part of the building that touches the floor on the first floor has a low temperature under the floor due to the influence of low ground temperature at night and in winter, and as a result, the floor surface temperature becomes lower than room temperature, and the floor surface becomes highly humid due to condensation. It is considered to be.
上記のように建物の床に近接する部分が湿気やすいことの主な原因は床下の湿気と床下空間が低温であるために床面の温度が室温より低温になることである。さらに、冬季に特に建物の１階が低温になる原因も床面が床下空間の低温により冷却されていることである。本発明が解決しようとする課題は、我が国の気象条件において最小限のエネルギー消費で床下空間の湿度を通年概ね６０％以下に維持することができると同時に、床下空間の温度を通年概ね１７℃から２６℃の間に維持することができ、中程度以下の地震や地盤沈下によってもひび割れの発生しにくい建物の基礎構造を提供することであり、これによって、一年を通して最小限のエネルギー消費で室内の温度及び湿度が快適な範囲に保たれる住宅を提供することである。 As mentioned above, the main reason why the part close to the floor of the building is easily damp is that the temperature of the floor surface is lower than room temperature due to the humidity under the floor and the low temperature of the underfloor space. Furthermore, the reason why the first floor of the building becomes cold especially in winter is that the floor surface is cooled by the low temperature of the underfloor space. The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the humidity of the underfloor space can be maintained at about 60% or less throughout the year with the minimum energy consumption under the weather conditions of Japan, and at the same time, the temperature of the underfloor space starts from about 17 ° C. throughout the year. It provides a building foundation that can be maintained between 26 ° C and is less prone to cracking in the event of moderate or less earthquakes and land subsidence, thereby providing a room with minimal energy consumption throughout the year. It is to provide a house where the temperature and humidity of the house are kept within a comfortable range.
本願発明者は鋭意検討を重ねた結果、床下空間を密閉し床下空間と外気を遮断することが、兵庫県中央部の中山間地の気象条件下においては建物の室内の湿度を、一年を通じて快適な範囲、すなわち４０％から６０％の間に維持することに大きい効果を有すること、また冬期の床面の温度を概ね１８℃以上に維持することに大きい効果を有することを見出した。床下空間が密閉されていることにより外気の湿気が床下に全く取り込まれないことと、床下空間の温度が１７℃以上に維持されるために床面での結露が生じないことが、室内の湿度が６０％以下に維持されることに大きく寄与していると考えられる。また、床下空間の温度が通年１７℃以上に維持されるため、立ち上がり部、土台、柱および床材全般で結露が生じない。その結果として、これらの部分で腐食が起こらず、建物の耐久性が高く、強度が長年にわたって維持される。密閉された床下空間の底面及び立ち上がり部を構成するコンクリートと床下空間内の空気が蓄熱体として働き、夏期に熱エネルギーを蓄えることにより、厳寒期にも床下空間の温度は概ね１７℃以上に維持されると考えられる。 As a result of diligent studies, the inventor of the present application has been able to seal the underfloor space and block the underfloor space from the outside air, which keeps the humidity inside the building under the weather conditions of the mountainous areas in central Hyogo prefecture throughout the year. It has been found that it has a great effect in maintaining a comfortable range, that is, between 40% and 60%, and has a great effect in maintaining the temperature of the floor surface in winter at about 18 ° C. or higher. The humidity in the room is that the humidity of the outside air is not taken under the floor because the underfloor space is sealed, and that the temperature of the underfloor space is maintained at 17 ° C or higher so that dew condensation does not occur on the floor surface. Is considered to contribute significantly to the maintenance of 60% or less. In addition, since the temperature of the underfloor space is maintained at 17 ° C. or higher throughout the year, dew condensation does not occur on the rising portion, the base, the pillars, and the floor material in general. As a result, corrosion does not occur in these areas, the building is durable and its strength is maintained for many years. The concrete that constitutes the bottom and rising parts of the enclosed underfloor space and the air in the underfloor space act as heat storage bodies, and by storing heat energy in the summer, the temperature of the underfloor space is maintained at about 17 ° C or higher even in the severe cold season. It is thought that it will be done.
床下空間への湿気の侵入を最小限にするためには地中の水分の侵入を防ぐことが必要であり、基礎の最下部に砕石を敷き、均平にした後砕石層表面に厚手の防水シートを基礎の全面に隙間なく二重に敷く。その上にコンクリート（捨てコンクリート）を打設し、その上に鉄筋を二重に配筋する。配筋の上から全面にコンクリートを打設しスラブと立ち上がりを同時に構築する。二重に配筋することにより本発明に係る基礎は耐震性が高く容易にひび割れしないので、ひびからの湿気や水の侵入が起こりにくい。またスラブと立ち上げを同時打設することによりスラブと立ち上がりの間が気密となる。立ち上がりの上面に建物の土台を置くが、土台と立ち上がりの接合面に気密テープを貼設する。これによって、土台と立ち上がりの接合面の気密が保たれ、スラブ、立ち上がり、建物の底面で囲われた床下空間が密閉状態となる。さらに立ち上がりの外周の全面に断熱材を張り付けることにより床下空間の温度に対する外気温の影響を最低限にすることができる。これにより床下空間の温度の通年の変動幅は狭くなり厳冬期でも床下空間の温度を１７℃以上に保つことが可能となる。さらにまた上記の断熱材の外周前面に防蟻材を張り付けることによりシロアリ等による食害を防ぐことができ、本願発明の効果を長期間維持することが可能となる。 In order to minimize the ingress of moisture into the underfloor space, it is necessary to prevent the ingress of moisture in the ground, so crushed stones are laid at the bottom of the foundation, leveled, and then the surface of the crushed stone layer is thickly waterproofed. Double lay the sheet over the entire surface of the foundation without any gaps. Concrete (discarded concrete) is placed on it, and reinforcing bars are doubly arranged on it. Concrete is poured over the entire surface from the top of the reinforcement to construct the slab and the rise at the same time. Due to the double reinforcement, the foundation according to the present invention has high earthquake resistance and does not easily crack, so that moisture and water do not easily enter from the cracks. In addition, by placing the slab and the start-up at the same time, the space between the slab and the start-up becomes airtight. Place the base of the building on the upper surface of the rise, and attach airtight tape to the joint surface between the base and the rise. As a result, the airtightness of the joint surface between the base and the rising surface is maintained, and the underfloor space surrounded by the slab, the rising surface, and the bottom surface of the building is sealed. Furthermore, the influence of the outside air temperature on the temperature of the underfloor space can be minimized by attaching a heat insulating material to the entire outer circumference of the rising edge. As a result, the fluctuation range of the temperature of the underfloor space throughout the year becomes narrow, and it becomes possible to keep the temperature of the underfloor space at 17 ° C. or higher even in the severe winter. Furthermore, by attaching an anti-termite material to the front surface of the outer periphery of the heat insulating material, it is possible to prevent termites and the like from feeding damage, and it is possible to maintain the effect of the present invention for a long period of time.
第一の発明に係る建物の基礎構造は、建物の敷地表面と接する最下部に砕石層を有し、該砕石層の上に防水シート層を有し、該防水シート層の上に捨てコンクリートを有し、該捨てコンクリートの上に鉄筋を配筋したコンクリートから成る基礎スラブおよび立ち上がりを有し、該スラブと該立ち上がりおよび建物の底面で囲まれた床下空間が密閉されていることを特徴とするものである。 The foundation structure of the building according to the first invention has a crushed stone layer at the lowermost part in contact with the site surface of the building, a waterproof sheet layer on the crushed stone layer, and discarded concrete on the waterproof sheet layer. It has a foundation slab and a rise made of concrete with reinforcing bars arranged on the waste concrete, and is characterized in that the slab and the underfloor space surrounded by the rise and the bottom surface of the building are sealed. It is a thing.
第二の発明に係る建物の基礎構造は、第一の発明に係る建物の基礎構造であって、上記防水シート層が、厚さ０．１５mm以上の防水シートを二枚以上重ねることにより構成されていることを特徴とするものである。 The basic structure of the building according to the second invention is the basic structure of the building according to the first invention, and the waterproof sheet layer is formed by stacking two or more waterproof sheets having a thickness of 0.15 mm or more. It is characterized by being.
第三の発明に係る建物の基礎構造は、第一または第二の発明に係る建物の基礎構造であって、上記基礎スラブ内の鉄筋の配筋が二層又は三層であることを、特徴とするものである。 The foundation structure of the building according to the third invention is the foundation structure of the building according to the first or second invention, and the reinforcing bars in the foundation slab are arranged in two or three layers. Is to be.
第四の発明に係る建物の基礎構造は、第一ないし第三の発明に係る建物の基礎構造であって、上記の立ち上がりの上面とその上に置かれる建物の土台の間に気密性を付与するテープが貼設されていることを特徴とするものである。 The foundation structure of the building according to the fourth invention is the foundation structure of the building according to the first to third inventions, and imparts airtightness between the upper surface of the rising surface and the base of the building placed on the upper surface. It is characterized in that the tape to be used is attached.
第五の発明に係る建物の基礎構造は、第一ないし第四の発明に係る建物の基礎構造であって、上記の立ち上がりの外周の全面に断熱材が貼設されていることを特徴とするものである。 The basic structure of the building according to the fifth invention is the basic structure of the building according to the first to fourth inventions, and is characterized in that a heat insulating material is attached to the entire outer circumference of the rising edge. It is a thing.
第六の発明に係る建物の基礎構造は、第５の発明に係る建物の基礎構造であって、上記の断熱材の外周の全面に防蟻材が貼設されていることを特徴とするものである。 The basic structure of the building according to the sixth invention is the basic structure of the building according to the fifth invention, characterized in that an anti-termite material is attached to the entire outer circumference of the heat insulating material. Is.
高断熱・高気密の建物に本願発明に係る基礎構造を適用することにより、建物内部全体の湿度を、一年を通じて４０％から６０％に維持することができ、カビやダニの発生が無い快適な湿度環境が、加湿器や除湿器なしに実現される。また、建物の特に１階の床温度が厳冬期でも１８℃以上に維持され、最小限の暖房で建物全体が快適な温度に保たれ健康に良い住環境が維持される。また、中程度以下の地震や地盤沈下によってもスラブや立ち上がりにひび割れが発生しにくい。さらに、床下の立ち上がり部、土台、柱および床材全般で結露が生じないため、腐食が起こらず、耐久性が高い。 By applying the foundation structure according to the present invention to a highly heat-insulated and highly airtight building, the humidity of the entire building can be maintained at 40% to 60% throughout the year, and it is comfortable without the generation of mold and mites. Humidity environment is realized without a humidifier or dehumidifier. In addition, the floor temperature of the first floor of the building is maintained at 18 ° C or higher even in the midwinter, and the entire building is maintained at a comfortable temperature with a minimum of heating to maintain a healthy living environment. In addition, cracks are less likely to occur in slabs and rises due to moderate or less earthquakes and land subsidence. Furthermore, since dew condensation does not occur on the rising portion under the floor, the base, the pillars, and the floor material in general, corrosion does not occur and the durability is high.
つぎに、本発明の実施形態を説明するが、本発明の技術的範囲を逸脱しない範囲において様々な変更や修正が可能であることは言うまでもない。 Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described, but it goes without saying that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the technical scope of the present invention.
図１は本願発明の一実施例の断面図である。建物の基礎構造１は、最下部の敷地に接する面に厚さ１２０ｍｍの砕石層３を有する。砕石層３の表面は全面に二重の厚さ０．１５ｍｍの防水シート４（ＩＭＣポリエチレンシート、岩谷マテリアル株式会社製）で隙間なく被覆されている。防水シート４の上全面に厚さ５０ｍｍの捨てコンクリート５が打設されている。捨てコンクリート５の上にコンクリートのスラブ６（厚さ２３０ｍｍ）及び立ち上がり７（高さ３５０ｍｍ、幅１５０ｍｍ）が打設されている。スラブ６および立ち上がり７の内部に鉄筋８が図２に示すように上下二重に配筋されている。スラブ６及び立ち上がり７に用いられているコンクリートの呼び強度は２４Ｎ／ｍ２、スランプ値は１５ｃｍ以下である。また使用されている鉄筋８の規格は主筋がＤ１３，横筋と縦筋はＤ１０である。スラブ６と立ち上がり７のコンクリートは同時に打設されている。これはスラブと立ち上がりの間を気密にするためである。立ち上がり７の上に建物の土台１０（幅１２０ｍｍ）が設置されている。図３に示すように立ち上がり７と土台１０の間には気密テープ１３（ＳＣ気密シーリングテープ、塩ビ発泡体、幅３０ｍｍ厚さ８ｍｍ、サンゴバン株式会社）が土台の長手方向に沿って２列に貼設されており、立ち上がりと土台の間を気密にしている。立ち上がり７の外周の全面には断熱材１１（ポリスチレン製、厚さ５０ｍｍ、ＳＣフォームＳＬア５０、カネカケンテック株式会社）が貼設されている。さらに断熱材１１の外周の全面にはステンレス製防蟻材１２（ターミメッシュ（登録商標）、ＳＵＳ３１６以上、網目寸法０．４５ｍｍ×０．６６ｍｍ、ターミメッシュジャパン株式会社）が貼設されている。左右の土台１０の間は建物の底面９で覆われている。スラブ６、立ち上がり７、土台１０、建物の底面９で囲まれた床下空間２は密閉状態となっている。 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention. The foundation structure 1 of the building has a crushed stone layer 3 having a thickness of 120 mm on the surface in contact with the lowermost site. The entire surface of the crushed stone layer 3 is covered with a double waterproof sheet 4 (IMC polyethylene sheet, manufactured by Iwatani Material Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 0.15 mm without any gaps. A waste concrete 5 having a thickness of 50 mm is cast on the entire surface of the waterproof sheet 4. A concrete slab 6 (thickness 230 mm) and a rise 7 (height 350 mm, width 150 mm) are placed on the discarded concrete 5. Reinforcing bars 8 are arranged vertically in the slab 6 and the rising edge 7 as shown in FIG. The nominal strength of the concrete used for the slab 6 and the rise 7 is 24 N / m 2 , and the slump value is 15 cm or less. The standard of the reinforcing bar 8 used is D13 for the main reinforcing bar and D10 for the horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars. The concrete of the slab 6 and the rising 7 is cast at the same time. This is to make the space between the slab and the rise airtight. The base 10 (width 120 mm) of the building is installed on the rise 7. As shown in FIG. 3, an airtight tape 13 (SC airtight sealing tape, vinyl chloride foam, width 30 mm, thickness 8 mm, Saint-Gobain Co., Ltd.) is attached in two rows between the riser 7 and the base 10. It is installed and airtight between the rise and the base. A heat insulating material 11 (made of polystyrene, thickness 50 mm, SC foam SL A50, Kaneka Kentec Co., Ltd.) is attached to the entire outer circumference of the rising 7. Further, a stainless steel anti-termite material 12 (Termimesh (registered trademark), SUS316 or more, mesh size 0.45 mm × 0.66 mm, Termimesh Japan Co., Ltd.) is attached to the entire outer circumference of the heat insulating material 11. The space between the left and right bases 10 is covered with the bottom surface 9 of the building. The underfloor space 2 surrounded by the slab 6, the rising 7, the base 10, and the bottom surface 9 of the building is in a sealed state.
図４は実施例１の基礎構造を有する高断熱・高気密の建物の概略の断面図である。建物１４は外壁および屋根の内側の全面に断熱材１１が貼設されている。断熱材１１は立ち上がりの外周全面に貼設された断熱材１１と連なっている。 FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a highly insulated and airtight building having the foundation structure of the first embodiment. In the building 14, the heat insulating material 11 is attached to the entire outer wall and the inner surface of the roof. The heat insulating material 11 is connected to the heat insulating material 11 attached to the entire outer circumference of the rising edge.
図５は兵庫県中央部の中山間地に建てられた実施例１の基礎構造を有する高断熱・高気密の建物の玄関床面と床下空間の１月１日から１２月３１日までの通年の温度推移と外気の一日の最高気温および最低気温の１月１日から１２月３１日までの通年の推移を表すグラフである。なお、玄関床面および床下空間の温度は毎日午前７時に測定した。最高気温は５月から９月にかけて３０℃以上に達する日が多くあり、最低気温は１月から３月にかけて及び１１月から１２月にかけて、概ね５℃以下であり、０℃以下になる日も多い。しかるに、暖房をしていない玄関の床面および床下空間の温度はともに１月から３月にかけて及び１１月から１２月にかけて１７℃を下回ることは無く、また５月から９月にかけても２６℃を上回ることは無かった。すなわち、外気温は零下５℃から３５℃の範囲で変動し変動幅が４０℃に達したのに対して、玄関床面及び床下空間の温度は１７℃から２６℃の範囲で変動し変動幅は僅かに９℃であった。これは床下空間が密閉されており床下空間の底面及び立ち上がり部を構成するコンクリートと床下空間内の空気が蓄熱材として作用したことによると考えられ、本願発明の顕著な効果を示している。 Figure 5 shows the entrance floor and underfloor space of a highly insulated and airtight building with the basic structure of Example 1 built in a mountainous area in central Hyogo prefecture from January 1st to December 31st. It is a graph which shows the transition of the temperature of the outside air and the transition of the daily maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of the outside air from January 1st to December 31st. The temperature of the entrance floor and the underfloor space was measured every day at 7:00 am. The maximum temperature often reaches 30 ° C or higher from May to September, and the minimum temperature is generally below 5 ° C from January to March and from November to December, and on some days it falls below 0 ° C. There are many. However, the temperature of the unheated entrance floor and underfloor space did not drop below 17 ° C from January to March and from November to December, and remained at 26 ° C from May to September. It never surpassed. That is, the outside air temperature fluctuates in the range of 5 ° C to 35 ° C below zero and the fluctuation range reaches 40 ° C, while the temperature of the entrance floor and the underfloor space fluctuates in the range of 17 ° C to 26 ° C and the fluctuation range. Was only 9 ° C. It is considered that this is because the underfloor space is sealed and the concrete constituting the bottom surface and the rising portion of the underfloor space and the air in the underfloor space act as a heat storage material, which shows a remarkable effect of the present invention.
図６は上記の本発明に係る基礎構造を有する建物における床下空間の湿度（密閉床下湿度）と、同じ地域に建てられた前記の建物と構造が概略同じで、床下空間に開口部を設け外気を床下空間に取り入れるタイプの建物の床下空間の湿度（開放床下湿度）の１月１日から１２月３１日までの通年の推移を比較したグラフである。なお、床下空間の湿度は毎日午前７時に測定した。本発明に係る基礎構造を有する建物の床下空間の湿度（密閉床下湿度）は年間を通じて３７％から６１％の範囲で推移したのに対して、床下空間に外気を取り入れるタイプの建物の床下空間の湿度（開放床下湿度）は４８％から８６％の間で推移し、特に６月上旬から９月上旬の間は概ね７０％以上で推移し８０％以上になる日もあった。ここでも本願発明の顕著な効果が示されている。 FIG. 6 shows that the humidity of the underfloor space (sealed underfloor humidity) in the building having the foundation structure according to the present invention is substantially the same as that of the building built in the same area, and an opening is provided in the underfloor space to provide outside air. It is a graph comparing the transition of the humidity of the underfloor space (open underfloor humidity) of the type of building that incorporates into the underfloor space from January 1st to December 31st. The humidity of the underfloor space was measured every day at 7:00 am. The humidity of the underfloor space of the building having the foundation structure according to the present invention (sealed underfloor humidity) changed in the range of 37% to 61% throughout the year, whereas the humidity of the underfloor space of the type of building that takes in outside air into the underfloor space. Humidity (open underfloor humidity) fluctuated between 48% and 86%, and in particular, from early June to early September, it fluctuated around 70% or more, and on some days it reached 80% or more. Here, too, the remarkable effect of the present invention is shown.
図７は本発明に係る建物の基礎構造を有する建物の別の実施例における床下空間、居間およびトイレの湿度と外気の湿度の１月１日から１２月３１日までの推移を比較したグラフである。なお、外気、床下空間、居間およびトイレの湿度は毎日午前７時に測定した。外気の湿度は７０％以上である場合が多く８０％以上の日も多い。これに対して床下空間の湿度は概ね４０％から６５％の間で推移し、６０％以上となる日は少ない。また居間およびトイレの湿度は概ね４０％から６０％の間で推移している。本建物の室内ではカビやダニの発生は見られず、１階の布団を収納した押し入れの床面も通年乾燥状態が維持された。本発明の基礎構造では床下空間が密閉され、地中や外気の水分や湿気が完全に遮断されているため上記の顕著な効果が得られたと考えられる。 FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the transitions of the humidity of the underfloor space, the living room and the toilet and the humidity of the outside air from January 1 to December 31 in another embodiment of the building having the basic structure of the building according to the present invention. is there. Humidity of the outside air, underfloor space, living room and toilet was measured every day at 7:00 am. The humidity of the outside air is often 70% or more, and there are many days when it is 80% or more. On the other hand, the humidity of the underfloor space generally changes between 40% and 65%, and there are few days when the humidity exceeds 60%. Humidity in the living room and toilet varies between 40% and 60%. No mold or mites were found inside the building, and the floor of the closet containing the futon on the first floor remained dry throughout the year. In the basic structure of the present invention, it is considered that the above-mentioned remarkable effect is obtained because the underfloor space is sealed and the moisture and humidity in the ground and the outside air are completely blocked.
本発明に係る建物の基礎構造は、高気密・高断熱構造の建物と組み合わせることにより、最低限度の冷暖房で快適な温度と湿度が通年保たれ、カビやダニの発生が無く健康に良い住環境を提供するものである。 By combining the basic structure of the building according to the present invention with a building having a highly airtight and highly insulated structure, a comfortable temperature and humidity can be maintained all year round with a minimum amount of heating and cooling, and a healthy living environment without the generation of mold and mites. Is to provide.
１ 基礎
２ 床下空間
３ 砕石層
４ 防水シート
５ 捨てコンクリート
６ スラブ
７ 立ち上がり
８ 鉄筋
９ 建物の底面
１０ 土台
１１ 断熱材
１２ 防蟻材
１３ 気密テープ
１４ 建物
１５ 壁
1 Foundation 2 Underfloor space 3 Crushed stone layer 4 Tarpaulin 5 Discarded concrete 6 Slab 7 Stand up 8 Reinforcing bar 9 Bottom of building 10 Base 11 Insulation 12 Anti-termite 13 Airtight tape 14 Building 15 Wall
床下空間への湿気の侵入を最小限にするためには地中の水分の侵入を防ぐことが必要であり、基礎の最下部に砕石を敷き、均平にした後砕石層表面に厚手の防水シートを基礎の全面に隙間なく二重に敷く。その上にコンクリート（捨てコンクリート）を打設し、その上に鉄筋を二重に配筋する。配筋の上から全面にコンクリートを打設し基礎スラブと立ち上がりを同時に構築する。二重に配筋することにより本発明に係る基礎は耐震性が高く容易にひび割れしないので、ひびからの湿気や水の侵入が起こりにくい。また基礎スラブと立ち上げを同時打設することにより基礎スラブと立ち上がりの間が気密となる。立ち上がりの上面に建物の土台を置くが、土台と立ち上がりの接合面に気密テープを貼設する。これによって、土台と立ち上がりの接合面の気密が保たれ、基礎スラブ、立ち上がり、土台および建物の底面で囲われた床下空間が密閉状態となる。さらに立ち上がりの外周の全面に断熱材を張り付けることにより床下空間の温度に対する外気温の影響を最低限にすることができる。これにより床下空間の温度の通年の変動幅は狭くなり厳冬期でも床下空間の温度を１７℃以上に保つことが可能となる。さらにまた上記の断熱材の外周前面に防蟻材を張り付けることによりシロアリ等による食害を防ぐことができ、本願発明の効果を長期間維持することが可能となる。 In order to minimize the ingress of moisture into the underfloor space, it is necessary to prevent the ingress of moisture in the ground, so crushed stones are laid at the bottom of the foundation, leveled, and then the surface of the crushed stone layer is thickly waterproofed. Double lay the sheet over the entire surface of the foundation without any gaps. Concrete (discarded concrete) is placed on it, and reinforcing bars are doubly arranged on it. Concrete is poured over the entire surface from the top of the reinforcement to build the foundation slab and the rise at the same time. Due to the double reinforcement, the foundation according to the present invention has high earthquake resistance and does not easily crack, so that moisture and water do not easily enter from the cracks. Also between the foundation slab and rising becomes airtight by simultaneously hitting set the base slab and start-up. Place the base of the building on the upper surface of the rise, and attach airtight tape to the joint surface between the base and the rise. As a result, the airtightness of the joint surface between the base and the rising surface is maintained, and the underfloor space surrounded by the foundation slab, the rising surface, the base and the bottom surface of the building is sealed. Furthermore, the influence of the outside air temperature on the temperature of the underfloor space can be minimized by attaching a heat insulating material to the entire outer circumference of the rising edge. As a result, the fluctuation range of the temperature of the underfloor space throughout the year becomes narrow, and it becomes possible to keep the temperature of the underfloor space at 17 ° C. or higher even in the severe winter. Furthermore, by attaching an anti-termite material to the front surface of the outer periphery of the heat insulating material, it is possible to prevent termites and the like from feeding damage, and it is possible to maintain the effect of the present invention for a long period of time.
第一の発明に係る建物の基礎構造は、建物の敷地表面と接する最下部に砕石層を有し、該砕石層の上に防水シート層を有し、該防水シート層の上に捨てコンクリートを有し、該捨てコンクリートの上に鉄筋を配筋したコンクリートから成る基礎スラブおよび立ち上がりを有し、該基礎スラブと該立ち上がり、建物の土台および建物の底面で囲まれた床下空間が密閉されていることを特徴とするものである。 The foundation structure of the building according to the first invention has a crushed stone layer at the lowermost part in contact with the site surface of the building, a waterproof sheet layer on the crushed stone layer, and discarded concrete on the waterproof sheet layer. It has a foundation slab and a rise made of concrete with reinforcing bars arranged on the waste concrete, and the foundation slab and the rise, the base of the building and the underfloor space surrounded by the bottom of the building are sealed. It is characterized by that.
図１は本願発明の一実施例の断面図である。建物の基礎構造１は、最下部の敷地に接する面に厚さ１２０ｍｍの砕石層３を有する。砕石層３の表面は全面に二重の厚さ０．１５ｍｍの防水シート４（ＩＭＣポリエチレンシート、岩谷マテリアル株式会社製）で隙間なく被覆されている。防水シート４の上全面に厚さ５０ｍｍの捨てコンクリート５が打設されている。捨てコンクリート５の上にコンクリートの基礎スラブ６（厚さ２３０ｍｍ）及び立ち上がり７（高さ３５０ｍｍ、幅１５０ｍｍ）が打設されている。基礎スラブ６および立ち上がり７の内部に鉄筋８が図２に示すように上下二重に配筋されている。基礎スラブ６及び立ち上がり７に用いられているコンクリートの呼び強度は２４Ｎ／ｍ２、スランプ値は１５ｃｍ以下である。また使用されている鉄筋８の規格は主筋がＤ１３，横筋と縦筋はＤ１０である。基礎スラブ６と立ち上がり７のコンクリートは同時に打設されている。これは基礎スラブと立ち上がりの間を気密にするためである。立ち上がり７の上に建物の土台１０（幅１２０ｍｍ）が設置されている。図３に示すように立ち上がり７と土台１０の間には気密テープ１３（ＳＣ気密シーリングテープ、塩ビ発泡体、幅３０ｍｍ厚さ８ｍｍ、サンゴバン株式会社）が土台の長手方向に沿って２列に貼設されており、立ち上がりと土台の間を気密にしている。立ち上がり７の外周の全面には断熱材１１（ポリスチレン製、厚さ５０ｍｍ、ＳＣフォームＳＬア５０、カネカケンテック株式会社）が貼設されている。さらに断熱材１１の外周の全面にはステンレス製防蟻材１２（ターミメッシュ（登録商標）、ＳＵＳ３１６以上、網目寸法０．４５ｍｍ×０．６６ｍｍ、ターミメッシュジャパン株式会社）が貼設されている。左右の土台１０の間は建物の底面９で覆われている。基礎スラブ６、立ち上がり７、土台１０、建物の底面９で囲まれた床下空間２は密閉状態となっている。 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention. The foundation structure 1 of the building has a crushed stone layer 3 having a thickness of 120 mm on the surface in contact with the lowermost site. The entire surface of the crushed stone layer 3 is covered with a double waterproof sheet 4 (IMC polyethylene sheet, manufactured by Iwatani Material Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 0.15 mm without any gaps. A waste concrete 5 having a thickness of 50 mm is cast on the entire surface of the waterproof sheet 4. A concrete foundation slab 6 (thickness 230 mm) and a rising 7 (height 350 mm, width 150 mm) are placed on the discarded concrete 5. Reinforcing bars 8 are double-arranged vertically as shown in FIG. 2 inside the foundation slab 6 and the rising 7. The nominal strength of the concrete used for the foundation slab 6 and the rise 7 is 24 N / m 2 , and the slump value is 15 cm or less. The standard of the reinforcing bar 8 used is D13 for the main reinforcing bar and D10 for the horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars. The concrete of the foundation slab 6 and the rising 7 is cast at the same time. This is to make the space between the foundation slab and the rise airtight. The base 10 (width 120 mm) of the building is installed on the rise 7. As shown in FIG. 3, an airtight tape 13 (SC airtight sealing tape, vinyl chloride foam, width 30 mm, thickness 8 mm, Saint-Gobain Co., Ltd.) is attached in two rows between the riser 7 and the base 10. It is installed and airtight between the rise and the base. A heat insulating material 11 (made of polystyrene, thickness 50 mm, SC foam SL A50, Kaneka Kentec Co., Ltd.) is attached to the entire outer circumference of the rising 7. Further, a stainless steel anti-termite material 12 (Termimesh (registered trademark), SUS316 or more, mesh size 0.45 mm × 0.66 mm, Termimesh Japan Co., Ltd.) is attached to the entire outer circumference of the heat insulating material 11. The space between the left and right bases 10 is covered with the bottom surface 9 of the building. The underfloor space 2 surrounded by the foundation slab 6, the rise 7, the base 10, and the bottom surface 9 of the building is in a sealed state.
１ 基礎
２ 床下空間
３ 砕石層
４ 防水シート
５ 捨てコンクリート
６ 基礎スラブ
７ 立ち上がり
８ 鉄筋
９ 建物の底面
１０ 土台
１１ 断熱材
１２ 防蟻材
１３ 気密テープ
１４ 建物
１５ 壁
1 Foundation 2 Underfloor space 3 Crushed stone layer 4 Tarpaulin 5 Discarded concrete 6 Foundation slab 7 Stand up 8 Reinforcing bar 9 Bottom of building 10 Base 11 Insulation 12 Anti-termite 13 Airtight tape 14 Building 15 Wall
Claims (6)
建物の敷地表面と接する最下部に砕石層を有し、
該砕石層の上に防水シート層を有し、
該防水シート層の上に捨てコンクリートを有し、
該捨てコンクリートの上に鉄筋を配筋したコンクリートから成る基礎スラブおよび立ち上がりを有し、
該スラブと該立ち上がりおよび建物の底面で囲まれた床下空間が密閉されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の建物の基礎構造。 The foundation structure of the building
It has a crushed stone layer at the bottom that touches the surface of the building site.
Having a tarpaulin layer on the crushed stone layer,
Having discarded concrete on the tarpaulin layer,
It has a foundation slab and rise made of concrete with reinforcing bars on top of the discarded concrete.
The foundation structure of a building according to claim 1, wherein the slab, the rising edge, and the underfloor space surrounded by the bottom surface of the building are sealed.
The basic structure of a building according to claim 5, wherein an anti-termite material is attached to the entire outer periphery of the heat insulating material.
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