JP2020125836A - Thin-thickness deformation panel autonomously deformed out of plane - Google Patents
Thin-thickness deformation panel autonomously deformed out of plane Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、任意の構造体等に於ける部品又は部材などとして利用可能な薄型の変形可能なパネルに係り、より詳細には、面外変形が可能な薄型のパネルに係る。 The present invention relates to a thin deformable panel that can be used as a part or member in an arbitrary structure or the like, and more particularly to a thin panel that can be deformed out of plane.
一般に、固体材料のポアソン比は正であるので、固体材料から成る部材を一方向に伸長させると、その方向と垂直な方向に於いて収縮する。しかしながら、「オーゼティック構造」と称されるポアソン比が負となる構造、即ち、部材を一方向に伸長又は伸展させると、その方向と垂直な方向に於いても伸長又は伸展する特殊な構造も形成可能であり、そのような「オーゼティック構造」に関連する技術が種々提案されている。例えば、特許文献１には、複合材料に於いて弾性率の異なる二種類の線状要素を交差させて配置することによって負のポアソン比を呈する状態を達成する複合材料の製造方法が提案されている。また、特許文献２に於いては、履物に於いてオーゼティック構造の部材を採用し、外部より印加される荷重等の入力に対し、オーゼティック構造による特異な歪特性を利用して衝撃を吸収する構成が提案されている。また、特許文献３は、負のポアソン比を有する金属発泡層を航空機の外面パネルに使用して、氷の衝突による損傷の回避と音響エネルギーの低減を図ることを開示している。 Generally, since the Poisson's ratio of a solid material is positive, when a member made of a solid material is elongated in one direction, it contracts in a direction perpendicular to that direction. However, there is also a structure with a negative Poisson's ratio called "auxetic structure", that is, when a member is stretched or stretched in one direction, a special structure is also stretched or stretched in a direction perpendicular to that direction. Various techniques related to such “auxetic structure” that can be formed have been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a method of manufacturing a composite material, which achieves a state of exhibiting a negative Poisson's ratio by arranging two kinds of linear elements having different elastic moduli in the composite material so as to cross each other. There is. Further, in Patent Document 2, an auxetic structure member is used in footwear, and shocks are absorbed by inputting an externally applied load or the like by utilizing the unique strain characteristic of the auxetic structure. A configuration has been proposed. In addition, Patent Document 3 discloses that a metal foam layer having a negative Poisson's ratio is used for an outer panel of an aircraft to avoid damage due to ice collision and reduce acoustic energy.
ところで、面状構造体又はパネル状部材（以下、「パネル」と称する。）に種々の変形機能をもたせようとする場合、一般には、かかる変形の為の力を印加する機構が別途付加されることとなる。例えば、パネルに面外変形をさせる場合には、図５に描かれている如く、パネルＰに対してシリンダやモータなどの変形のための力を印加する機構（変形力印加機構）Ｚをパネルの面外に外装するなどの構成が取られることとなる。そのような場合には、図からも明らかな如く、変形力印加機構のための空間Ｄが必要となってしまい、これにより、そのような面外変形するパネルの利用可能な場所（機械器具の構造の一部など）が制限されることとなる。従って、もしパネルに種々の変形機能、特に、面外変形機能を付与する場合に、変形力印加機構をパネルの面外に外装することなく、パネルの面内又は面近傍にて面に沿って配置することができ、パネルが、謂わば、自律的に面外変形できるようになっていれば、そのような面外変形可能なパネルの利用可能な場所が拡がり、任意の機械器具や構造体等に於いて、従前には見られない種々の構造又は構成が達成できることが期待される。 By the way, when a planar structure or a panel-shaped member (hereinafter, referred to as “panel”) is to have various deformation functions, generally, a mechanism for applying a force for such deformation is additionally provided. It will be. For example, when the panel is out-of-plane deformed, as shown in FIG. 5, a mechanism (deformation force applying mechanism) Z for applying a force for deformation of a cylinder or a motor to the panel P is provided on the panel P. It will be configured to be installed outside the surface of the. In such a case, as is clear from the figure, the space D for the deformation force applying mechanism is required, and this makes it possible to use such an out-of-plane deformable panel (machine tool Part of the structure) will be restricted. Therefore, if various deformation functions, especially out-of-plane deformation function, are applied to the panel, the deformation force applying mechanism is not installed outside the surface of the panel, and along the surface in or near the surface of the panel. If it can be arranged and the panel is so-called autonomously out-of-plane deformable, the available place of such out-of-plane deformable panel is expanded, and any mechanical device or structure Etc., it is expected that various structures or configurations not previously seen can be achieved.
上記の如き面外変形可能なパネルの構成に関して、本発明の発明者は、「従来の技術」の欄に於いて述べたオーゼティック構造の如く、パネルの面内の或る方向に伸展させると同時にその伸展方向と交差又は直交する面内の方向にも伸展することが可能な特殊な変形特性を有する構造（厳密には、オーゼティック構造ではないので、本明細書に於いては、「擬似オーゼティック構造」と称する。）を利用すると、面外変形のための変形力印加機構をパネルの面内又は面近傍にて面に沿って配置した構成が実現可能であることを見出した。本発明に於いては、この知見が利用される。 Regarding the configuration of the out-of-plane deformable panel as described above, when the inventor of the present invention extends it in a certain direction in the plane of the panel as in the auxetic structure described in the section of "Prior Art". At the same time, a structure having a special deformation property capable of extending in a direction in a plane intersecting or orthogonal to the extending direction (strictly, since it is not an auxetic structure, in the present specification, "pseudo" It has been found that it is possible to realize a configuration in which a deforming force applying mechanism for out-of-plane deformation is arranged along the surface in or near the surface of the panel by using the "auxetic structure"). This finding is used in the present invention.
かくして、本発明の一つの課題は、面外変形可能なパネルであって、変形のための力を印加する機構がパネルの面内及び／又は面近傍にて面に沿って配置することのできるパネルを提供することである。 Thus, an object of the present invention is an out-of-plane deformable panel, in which the mechanism for applying the force for deformation can be arranged in-plane and/or near the plane along the plane. It is to provide a panel.
本発明によれば、上記の課題は、薄型変形パネルであって、
面外変形可能な薄板部材にして、その周縁よりも内側に於いて、前記薄板部材の面内に於ける一方向に収縮すると前記面内に於いて前記収縮方向に略直交する方向に於ける前記薄板部材の伸展を惹起する変形制御部位を有し、前記面内に於ける一つの方向に伸展すると同時に前記面内に於ける前記一つの方向に交差する別の方向にも伸展可能な構造（「擬似オーゼティック構造」）を成している薄板部材と、
前記薄板部材に於ける前記変形制御部位を選択的に収縮する収縮素子とを
含み、前記薄板部材の伸展に対応した前記薄板部材の全周の伸長量よりも前記薄板部材の周縁の伸長量が短くなるように前記薄板部材の周縁が拘束された状態にて、前記変形制御部位が前記収縮素子によって収縮されると、前記薄板部材が面外変形する薄型変形パネルによって達成される。
According to the present invention, the above problem is a thin deformable panel,
When the thin plate member is deformable out of plane and contracts in one direction in the plane of the thin plate member inside the peripheral edge, the thin plate member is in a direction substantially orthogonal to the contraction direction in the plane. A structure having a deformation control portion for inducing extension of the thin plate member and capable of extending in one direction in the plane and at the same time extending in another direction intersecting with the one direction in the plane (“Pseudo-auxetic structure”) and a thin plate member,
A contraction element for selectively contracting the deformation control portion of the thin plate member, wherein the expansion amount of the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is larger than the expansion amount of the entire circumference of the thin plate member corresponding to the expansion of the thin plate member. This is achieved by a thin deformable panel in which the thin plate member is out-of-plane deformed when the deformation control portion is contracted by the contraction element while the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is constrained to be shortened.
上記に於いて、「薄板部材」は、後の実施形態の欄に於いて具体的に例示される如き、「擬似オーゼティック構造」、即ち、面内に於ける一つの方向に伸展すると同時にその一つの方向に交差若しくは直交する別の方向にも伸展可能な構造、であって、「薄板部材」の周縁よりも内側に設けられた「変形制御部位」が面内に於ける一方向に収縮すると、面内に於けるかかる収縮方向と略直交する方向に薄板部材の伸展変形が生ずる構造に構成される。「薄板部材」は、具体的には、自律的に（即ち、外力を用いずに）面状構造を保持できる剛性を有し且つ面外方向に湾曲可能な任意の弾性体材料（金属、樹脂、プラスチック、複合材料、紙、木材等）にて形成されてよい。また、「薄板部材」の「変形制御部位」に於いては、その変形制御部位を選択的に収縮する「収縮素子」が備えられ、かかる収縮素子が収縮すると、変形制御部位が収縮され、これにより、薄板部材が変形制御部位の収縮方向とは略直行する方向に伸展することとなる。「収縮素子」としては、変形制御部位を選択的に収縮可能な任意の素子、例えば、形状記憶合金或いは圧電体にて形成された素子であって、薄板部材の面に沿って配置可能な帯状又はストラップ状に形成された部材が利用可能である。そして、薄板部材の伸展時に於いて、上記の如く、その薄板部材の伸展に対応した薄板部材の全周の伸長量、即ち、薄板部材の周縁が拘束されていない場合に薄板部材の伸展によって生ずるはずの薄板部材の全周の伸長に於ける変位量、に対して、薄板部材の周縁の伸長量、即ち、薄板部材の周縁の長さの実際の変位量、が短くなるように薄板部材の周縁が拘束された状態となっている場合には、薄板部材の周縁が、その面方向外方に変位することが制限されることになるので、「面外変形」、即ち、薄板部材の内側の領域が薄板部材の周縁に対して相対的に面方向に対して垂直な方向に突出して変位する変形、が生ずることとなる。 In the above description, the “thin plate member” is a “pseudo-auxetic structure”, that is, at the same time when it extends in one direction in the plane, as specifically illustrated in the section of the embodiment below. It is a structure that can be extended in another direction intersecting or orthogonal to one direction, and the "deformation control site" provided inside the peripheral edge of the "thin plate member" contracts in one direction within the plane. Then, the thin plate member is configured to have an extensional deformation in a direction substantially orthogonal to the contraction direction in the plane. The “thin plate member” is specifically any elastic material (metal, resin) that has rigidity that can autonomously hold a planar structure (that is, without using external force) and that can bend in the out-of-plane direction. , Plastic, composite material, paper, wood, etc.). Further, the "deformation control part" of the "thin plate member" is provided with a "contraction element" that selectively contracts the deformation control part. When the contraction element contracts, the deformation control part contracts. As a result, the thin plate member extends in a direction substantially orthogonal to the contraction direction of the deformation control site. The “contraction element” is an arbitrary element capable of selectively contracting the deformation control site, for example, an element formed of a shape memory alloy or a piezoelectric material, and a strip shape that can be arranged along the surface of the thin plate member. Alternatively, a strap-shaped member can be used. Then, when the thin plate member is extended, as described above, the extension amount of the entire circumference of the thin plate member corresponding to the extension of the thin plate member, that is, the extension of the thin plate member when the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is not constrained The amount of displacement of the thin plate member over the entire circumference of the thin plate member should be shortened so that the amount of extension of the peripheral edge of the thin plate member, that is, the actual amount of displacement of the peripheral length of the thin plate member becomes shorter. When the peripheral edge is in a restricted state, the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is restricted from being displaced outward in the plane direction, so that “out-of-plane deformation”, that is, the inside of the thin plate member. Deformation occurs in which the region of (4) projects and is displaced relative to the peripheral edge of the thin plate member in a direction perpendicular to the surface direction.
上記の構成によれば、収縮素子によって、薄板部材の変形制御部位を選択的に面方向に収縮するだけで、薄板部材の面外変形が選択的に達成できることとなる。かかる構成の場合、薄板部材の収縮素子は、変形制御部位を薄板部材の面内にて収縮できるように設けられればよいので、収縮素子として上記の如く薄板部材の面に沿って、好ましくは、面内に配置できる形状のものを採用することが可能となり、かくして、薄板部材を面外変形させるための力（この場合は、変形制御部位の収縮力）を印加する機構が薄板部材の面内又は面の近傍にて面に沿って配置できることとなる。 According to the above configuration, the contraction element can selectively achieve the out-of-plane deformation of the thin plate member only by selectively contracting the deformation control site of the thin plate member in the surface direction. In the case of such a configuration, the contraction element of the thin plate member may be provided so that the deformation control portion can be contracted within the surface of the thin plate member, so as the contraction element along the surface of the thin plate member, preferably, It is possible to adopt a shape that can be arranged in the plane, and thus a mechanism for applying a force for deforming the thin plate member out of plane (in this case, the contraction force of the deformation control site) is in the plane of the thin plate member. Alternatively, it can be arranged along the surface in the vicinity of the surface.
上記の本発明の構成に於いて、薄板部材は、任意の湾曲可能な別の薄板に貼着されていてもよい。後の実施形態に於いて例示される如く、薄板部材は、上記の如く擬似オーゼティック構造を成し、独特な変形特性を呈するために、その面内の相当な領域に於いて肉盗みされた状態（孔が開いた状態）となることがあり、その場合、肉盗みされた部位に於いては、任意の物体（流体、粉体、粒子状の物体など）が通過可能となってしまう。そこで、上記の如く、薄板部材を別の（孔の開いていない）薄板などに貼着することで、薄板部材の面を横切る任意の物体の通過が阻止できることとなる。また、薄板部材に別の薄板を貼着し、薄板部材の孔を覆うことにより、意匠性の向上が期待される場合もある。なお、薄板部材と別の薄板との接着部位は、薄板部材の全域である必要はなく、薄板部材の周縁と内側の任意の部位のみであってもよい（薄板部材の面外変形に別の薄板が追従して変形できれば、接着部位は、任意の態様にて選択されてよい。）。 In the above-described configuration of the present invention, the thin plate member may be attached to another thin plate that can be bent. As illustrated in a later embodiment, the thin plate member has a pseudo-auxetic structure as described above, and is flesh stolen in a considerable area in its plane in order to exhibit a unique deformation characteristic. A state (a state in which a hole is opened) may occur, and in that case, an arbitrary object (fluid, powder, particulate object, etc.) can pass through the stolen part. Therefore, as described above, by adhering the thin plate member to another thin plate (without holes), it is possible to prevent the passage of an arbitrary object across the surface of the thin plate member. Further, it may be expected that the designability is improved by attaching another thin plate to the thin plate member and covering the hole of the thin plate member. It should be noted that the bonding portion between the thin plate member and another thin plate does not have to be the entire region of the thin plate member, and may be only an arbitrary portion inside and around the peripheral edge of the thin plate member (other than the out-of-plane deformation of the thin plate member). The bonding site may be selected in any manner as long as the thin plate can follow and deform.
また、上記の本発明の構成に於いて、上記の如き薄板部材の面外変形を発生させるために、薄板部材の伸展に対応した薄板部材の全周の伸長量よりも薄板部材の周縁の伸長量が短くなるように薄板部材の周縁が拘束された状態とされるところ、かかる状態を達成するべく、薄板部材の周縁は、任意の態様にて固定されていてよい。例えば、一つの態様に於いては、薄板部材の周縁が、その周縁方向のばね定数が薄板部材のばね定数よりも高い帯状体などの部材にて囲繞されていてもよい。この場合、薄板部材の周縁を囲繞する部材のばね定数が薄板部材のばね定数よりも高ければよいので、薄板部材の周縁を囲繞する部材を形成する材料の弾性率は、薄板部材を形成する材料の弾性率と同じであっても或いは低くてもよく、薄板部材の周縁を囲繞する部材を形成する材料は、薄板部材を形成する材料と同じであってもよい（実施例参照）。帯状体としては、周縁長の変化が上記の如く制限されるような幅又は厚みの形状にて形成したものなどが採用可能である。或いは、本発明の薄板状パネルが任意の構造体の表面の一部として固定される或いは嵌め込まれる場合には、薄板部材の周縁の伸長がその内側の領域の伸長よりも小さくなるように薄板部材の周縁が、接着、締結等の任意の態様にて、固定されていてもよい。 Further, in the above-described structure of the present invention, in order to generate the out-of-plane deformation of the thin plate member as described above, the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is stretched more than the entire amount of expansion of the thin plate member corresponding to the extension of the thin plate member. Where the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is constrained so as to shorten the amount, the peripheral edge of the thin plate member may be fixed in any manner in order to achieve such a state. For example, in one aspect, the peripheral edge of the thin plate member may be surrounded by a member such as a belt-shaped member whose spring constant in the peripheral direction is higher than the spring constant of the thin plate member. In this case, since the spring constant of the member surrounding the peripheral edge of the thin plate member may be higher than the spring constant of the thin plate member, the elastic modulus of the material forming the member surrounding the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is the material forming the thin plate member. May be the same as or lower than the elastic modulus of, and the material forming the member surrounding the peripheral edge of the thin plate member may be the same as the material forming the thin plate member (see Examples). As the band-shaped body, a band-shaped body having a width or thickness such that the change in the peripheral length is limited as described above can be adopted. Alternatively, when the thin plate-shaped panel of the present invention is fixed or fitted as a part of the surface of an arbitrary structure, the thin plate member has a peripheral extension smaller than that of an inner region thereof. The peripheral edge of may be fixed by any mode such as adhesion or fastening.
実施の形態に於いて、後の実施形態の欄にて説明される如く、具体的には、薄板部材は、第一の正方形の領域全体と、前記第一の正方形と同じ寸法を有する４つの第二の正方形にして、それぞれの辺が前記第一の正方形の対応する辺と平行に延在し、それぞれの中心が前記第一の正方形の各頂点から前記第一の正方形の対角線方向に沿って外方に離れた位置であって前記第一の正方形の中心からの距離が前記第一の正方形の中心と頂点との間の長さよりも長く前記第一の正方形の対角線の長さよりも短い距離の位置にある第二の正方形に於ける前記第一の正方形に重畳していない対角線とその延長線を辺として形成される第三の正方形の内側にある前記第二の正方形の辺に沿った所定幅の帯状領域とに材料が存在し、それら以外の領域に於いて材料が肉盗みされた形状を単位構造として、複数の前記単位構造が面方向に連結された構造を有し、前記第三の正方形の辺上の前記第二の正方形の対角線の部位がその対角線方向に選択的に収縮される変形制御部位となっている薄板状の部材として形成されてよい。なお、肉盗みされた形状の輪郭は、曲線状に形成されていてもよい。 In the embodiment, as will be described in the section of the embodiment below, specifically, the thin plate member includes the entire area of the first square and four thin plates having the same dimensions as the first square. A second square, each side of which extends parallel to the corresponding side of the first square, and the center of each of which extends from each vertex of the first square along the diagonal direction of the first square. Away from the center of the first square and longer than the distance between the center and the vertex of the first square and shorter than the length of the diagonal line of the first square. Along the side of the second square inside the third square formed with the diagonal line that does not overlap the first square and the extension line of the second square at the distance position as the side. A material is present in a band-shaped area having a predetermined width, and the material is stolen in a region other than the area as a unit structure, and a plurality of the unit structures have a structure connected in a plane direction, It may be formed as a thin plate-shaped member in which a diagonal portion of the second square on the side of the third square is a deformation control portion that is selectively contracted in the diagonal direction. The contour of the stolen shape may be curved.
かくして、本発明の薄型変形パネルに於いては、面外変形を生ずるための変形力印加機構が、パネルの面内又は面近傍にて面に沿って配置することが可能となっており、謂わば、パネルが自律的に（面外から変形方向の力を付与する必要なく）面外変形できるようになった構成となっているということができる。かかる構成によれば、薄型変形パネルの両側に於いて、収縮素子の制御のための配線構造等以外には、変形力印加機構を設けるためのスペースを確保する必要がなくなるので、後の実施形態の欄にて例示されている如く、選択的に面外変形を生ずる薄型変形パネルを従前より広い範囲にて利用できるようになることが期待される。 Thus, in the thin deformable panel of the present invention, the deforming force applying mechanism for causing out-of-plane deformation can be arranged along the surface in or near the surface of the panel. For example, it can be said that the panel is configured so that it can be deformed out-of-plane autonomously (without the need to apply force in the deformation direction from outside the plane). According to such a configuration, it is not necessary to secure a space for providing a deforming force applying mechanism on both sides of the thin deformable panel, other than a wiring structure for controlling the contraction element, etc. It is expected that the thin deformable panel that selectively causes the out-of-plane deformation can be used in a wider range than before, as illustrated in the section (1).
本発明のその他の目的及び利点は、以下の本発明の好ましい実施形態の説明により明らかになるであろう。 Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Ｐ…薄型変形パネル
１…薄板部材
１Ｘ…薄板部材の第一の正方形領域
２、２ａ、２ｂ、２ｃ、２ｄ…収縮素子
３…薄板
P... Thin deformed panel 1... Thin plate member 1X... First square region of thin plate member 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d... Contracting element 3... Thin plate
以下に添付の図を参照しつつ、本発明を幾つかの好ましい実施形態について詳細に説明する。図中、同一の符号は、同一の部位を示す。 The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings with respect to some preferred embodiments. In the drawings, the same reference numerals indicate the same parts.
薄型変形パネルの構成
図１（Ａ）、（Ｂ）を参照して、本実施形態の薄型変形パネルＰは、図示の如く、正方形などから成る対称図形に於いて部分的に肉盗みされた構造を単位構造として、かかる単位構造が夫々対角方向又は面方向に規則的に配列され接続されてなる薄板部材１と、肉盗みされた領域の一部の部位にその部位を選択的に収縮するべく配置された収縮素子２（２ａ、２ｂ、２ｃ、２ｄ）とを含む。
Configuration of Thin Deformation Panel Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the thin deformation panel P of the present embodiment has a partially stolen structure in a symmetrical figure such as a square as illustrated. As a unit structure, and the thin plate member 1 in which the unit structures are regularly arranged and connected in a diagonal direction or a plane direction, respectively, and the part is selectively shrunk to a part of the meat stolen region. And the contraction element 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) arranged accordingly.
薄板部材１は、典型的には、自律的に、即ち、外力を用いないで、面状構造を保持できる或る程度の剛性を有し、且つ、面外方向に湾曲可能な任意の弾性体材料、例えば、金属、樹脂、プラスチック、複合材料、紙、木材等にて形成されてよい。薄板部材１に於いては、図に於いて、（後でより詳細に説明される）規則的な形状の斜線にて示された領域に於いてのみ材料が存在し、無地にて示された領域に於いては材料が除去され（肉盗みされ）、孔となっており、かくして、薄板部材１は、面内に於ける一つの方向に伸展すると同時にその一つの方向に交差若しくは直交する別の方向にも伸展可能な構造、即ち、「擬似オーゼティック構造」となっている。そして、かかる構造に於いて、孔となっている領域のうちの一部、具体的には、図に於いて、収縮素子２（２ａ、２ｂ、２ｃ、２ｄ）が配置されている部位（変形制御部位）が、それらの収縮素子の収縮する方向に収縮すると、その収縮方向と垂直な方向に薄板部材全体が伸展するようになっている。従って、後に説明される如く、かかる薄板部材１の内側の伸長量（伸展時の寸法の変位量）よりも薄板部材１の周縁の伸長量が小さくなるように薄板部材１の周縁を拘束すると、薄板部材１の伸展時には、薄板部材１が伸展前の面から垂直方向へ突出するように湾曲変形する、即ち、面外変形することとなる。そのような薄板部材１の周縁の拘束状態を達成する一つの態様に於いては、薄板部材１の周縁に対して、図１（Ｂ）に模式的に描かれている如く、帯状体１ｅが接続されていてよい。帯状体１ｅは、その長手方向のばね定数が薄板部材のばね定数よりも高くなるように、例えば、弾性率が薄板部材１本体の材料よりも高い材料にて形成されてもよく、或いは、相対的にばね定数が増大される幅及び／又は厚みとなるように形成されていてもよい。また、別の態様に於いて、薄型変形パネルＰが任意の構造体の表面などに嵌め込まれて使用される場合には、薄板部材１の周縁の伸長量が薄板部材１の伸展に伴って生ずるはずの全周の伸長量よりも短くなるように薄板部材１の周縁が構造体の表面に対して拘束又は固定されるようになっていてもよい。 The thin plate member 1 is typically an arbitrary elastic body that is autonomously, that is, has a certain degree of rigidity capable of holding a planar structure without using an external force, and is bendable in an out-of-plane direction. It may be formed of a material such as metal, resin, plastic, composite material, paper, wood or the like. In the thin plate member 1, the material is present only in the regions shown by the diagonal lines of the regular shape (which will be described in more detail later) in the drawing, and it is shown as a solid color. In the area, the material is removed (meat stealing) to form holes, and thus the thin plate member 1 extends in one direction in the plane and at the same time crosses or intersects with one direction. It is a structure that can be extended in the direction of, that is, a "pseudo-auxetic structure". In such a structure, a part of the area that is a hole, specifically, the portion where the contraction element 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) is arranged in the figure (deformation) When the control part) contracts in the contracting direction of the contracting elements, the entire thin plate member extends in the direction perpendicular to the contracting direction. Therefore, as will be described later, when the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 is constrained so that the peripheral edge expansion amount of the thin plate member 1 is smaller than the internal expansion amount of the thin plate member 1 (the displacement amount of the dimension during expansion), When the thin plate member 1 is extended, the thin plate member 1 is curved and deformed so as to vertically project from the surface before extension, that is, out-of-plane deformation. In one embodiment of achieving such a restrained state of the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1, the strip-shaped body 1e is formed on the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 as schematically illustrated in FIG. 1(B). It may be connected. The strip 1e may be formed of, for example, a material having a higher elastic modulus than the material of the body of the thin plate member 1 so that the spring constant in the longitudinal direction thereof is higher than that of the thin plate member 1, or The width and/or the thickness may be increased so that the spring constant is increased. Further, in another aspect, when the thin deformable panel P is used by being fitted into the surface of an arbitrary structure or the like, the extension amount of the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 occurs with the extension of the thin plate member 1. The peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 may be constrained or fixed to the surface of the structure such that the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 is shorter than the total amount of expansion.
上記の構成に於いて、変形制御部位に配置される収縮素子２（２ａ、２ｂ、２ｃ、２ｄ）は、薄板部材１の面内にて延在する帯状又はストラップ状に形成された選択的に収縮可能な任意の素子であってよい。収縮素子２としては、具体的には、例えば、所定の温度に達すると収縮する形状記憶合金からなる素子や、印加電圧を調節することにより伸縮する圧電体からなる素子などが有利に用いられる。これらの収縮素子の場合、素子の伸縮のための温度制御のための加熱用ヒータや素子に電圧を印加するための電極を備える必要があるが、そのために用いられる部品は、電気ケーブル、電気抵抗線、電極板などであり、薄板部材１の面外に於いて殆ど空間を必要せず、薄型変形パネルＰの作動に必要な部品は、薄板部材１の面内又は面近傍にて面に沿って収容可能である（収縮素子の温度制御装置や電圧制御装置が、電気ケーブルを介して、薄型変形パネルＰへ接続されることとなるが、それらの制御装置は、薄型変形パネルＰ本体に近接した領域に於いて配置される必要はなく、かくして薄型変形パネルＰの面の近傍に大きなスペースを要する部品は用いる必要がないので、薄型変形パネルＰの設置に於いては、薄型変形パネルＰが面外変形可能なスペースがあれば、十分となる。）。 In the above configuration, the contraction element 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) arranged at the deformation control site is selectively formed in a strip shape or a strap shape extending in the plane of the thin plate member 1. It may be any retractable element. As the contracting element 2, specifically, for example, an element made of a shape memory alloy that contracts when a predetermined temperature is reached, an element made of a piezoelectric material that expands and contracts by adjusting an applied voltage, or the like is advantageously used. In the case of these contraction elements, it is necessary to provide a heating heater for temperature control for expansion and contraction of the element and an electrode for applying a voltage to the element, but the parts used for that purpose are an electric cable, an electric resistance Parts such as wires and electrode plates that require almost no space outside the plane of the thin plate member 1 and that are required to operate the thin deformable panel P are along the plane in or near the plane of the thin plate member 1. (The temperature control device and the voltage control device of the contraction element are connected to the thin deformation panel P via an electric cable, but these control devices are close to the thin deformation panel P body. In the installation of the thin deformable panel P, the thin deformable panel P is not required to be used in the vicinity of the surface of the thin deformable panel P. It is enough if there is a space that can be deformed out of the plane.)
なお、図１（Ａ）、（Ｂ）からも理解される如く、薄板部材１は肉盗みされた領域を有し、それらの孔を通して、流体、粉体、粒子状の物体などの任意の物体が通過可能となる。また、薄板部材１の孔が意匠性を損なう場合も有り得る。そこで、図１（Ｂ）、（Ｃ）の如く、薄型変形パネルＰに於いて、薄板部材１に対して、別の薄板３が貼着されてよい。薄板３は、薄板部材１と共に面外変形可能であれば、任意の材料にて形成されたものであってよい（薄板３は、膜状の部材であってもよい。）。薄板部材１と薄板３との間の接着は、全域に為されている必要はなく、薄板部材１と薄板３との分離が回避されるよう部分的に、例えば、薄板部材１の周縁や中央の正方形領域１Ｘに於いて為されていればよい。 As can be understood from FIGS. 1A and 1B, the thin plate member 1 has a region where the meat is stolen, and an arbitrary object such as a fluid, a powder, or a particle-like object passes through the holes. Can be passed. Further, the holes of the thin plate member 1 may impair the design. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, in the thin deformable panel P, another thin plate 3 may be attached to the thin plate member 1. The thin plate 3 may be made of any material as long as it can be deformed out-of-plane together with the thin plate member 1 (the thin plate 3 may be a film-shaped member). The bonding between the thin plate member 1 and the thin plate 3 does not need to be performed over the entire area, and is partially performed, for example, at the peripheral edge or the center of the thin plate member 1 so as to avoid separation of the thin plate member 1 and the thin plate 3. It may be done in the square area 1X.
薄板部材の構造
本実施形態の薄型変形パネルＰの薄板部材１の構造は、下記の如く、正方形を用いて象られる単位構造を対角方向又は面方向に配列して構成される。
Structure of Thin Plate Member The structure of the thin plate member 1 of the thin deformable panel P of the present embodiment is configured by arranging unit structures, which are embodied using squares, in a diagonal direction or a plane direction as described below.
薄板部材１の単位構造に於いては、まず、図２（Ａ）の如く、一辺の長さがｒの正方形ａ（第一の正方形）を考え、次に、正方形ａの頂点のそれぞれから対角線方向外方に離れた４つの位置にそれぞれ中心を持つ、正方形ａと同じ寸法で且つ同じ方向を向いた４つの正方形ｂ（第二の正方形）を考える。なお、正方形ａの中心と各正方形ｂの中心との距離ｘは、ｒ／２１／２（正方形ａの中心と頂点との間の長さ）よりも長く、２１／２ｒ（正方形ａの対角線長さ）よりも短い距離とする。そして、図２（Ａ）の図形に於いて、図２（Ｂ）の如く、正方形ｂのそれぞれの正方形ａに重ならない対角線の線上ｋ、ｊにて図形をトリムして成る１辺が２ｘの正方形ｃ（第三の正方形）を考え、この図形に於いて、正方形ａの全域と正方形ｂの辺（正方形ａに重なっていない部分）に材料が存在し（正方形ｂの辺に於いては、任意に設定されてよい所定の幅にて材料が存在するものとする。）、それ以外の領域に於いて肉盗みがされた（材料の存在しない）状態としたものが薄板部材１の単位構造とされてよい。かくして、薄板部材１の全体の構造は、図２（Ｃ）の如く、単位図形（正方形ｃ）が縦方向及び横方向に並列した図形に於いて、正方形ａの全域と正方形ｂの辺（の周囲）のみに材料が存在しそれ以外の領域に於いて肉盗みがされた状態（図２（Ｄ））に形成される。かかる構造に於いて、図２（Ｄ）中、矢印にて描かれている如く、正方形ｂの（正方形ａに重なっていない方の）対角線上が変形制御部位となり、後に説明される如く、これらの部位が収縮すると、即ち、正方形ｂの頂点が近接する方向に変位すると、その方向と垂直な方向に薄板部材１が伸展することとなる。なお、図２（Ｅ）に描かれている如く、薄板部材１に於いて、材料のある領域の輪郭は曲線状になっていてもよく、そのような場合も本発明の範囲に属する。また、本実施形態の薄板部材は、上記の構成によらず、薄板内に於いて、一部を面方向に変形すると、薄板全体が伸展可能なその他の構成であってもよく、そのような場合も本発明の範囲に属する。 In the unit structure of the thin plate member 1, first, as shown in FIG. 2(A), consider a square a (first square) having a side length of r, and then a diagonal line from each vertex of the square a. Consider four squares b (second squares) each having a center at four positions separated outward in the direction and having the same size as the square a and facing the same direction. The distance x between the center of the square a and the center of each square b is longer than r/2 1/2 (the length between the center of the square a and the apex), and 2 1/2 r (the square a (Diagonal length of)). Then, in the figure of FIG. 2(A), as shown in FIG. 2(B), one side of 2× is formed by trimming the figure on diagonal lines k and j that do not overlap each square a of the square b. Considering the square c (third square), in this figure, the material exists in the entire area of the square a and the side of the square b (the portion not overlapping the square a) (in the side of the square b, It is assumed that the material exists in a predetermined width which may be set arbitrarily.) The unit structure of the thin plate member 1 is in a state where meat is stolen (no material exists) in other areas. May be Thus, the overall structure of the thin plate member 1 is, as shown in FIG. 2C, a unit figure (square c) arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. The material is present only in the (surroundings) and the meat is stolen in the other areas (FIG. 2D). In such a structure, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 2D, the diagonal line of the square b (the one not overlapping the square a) is the deformation control portion, and as described later, When the part of (1) contracts, that is, when the apex of the square b is displaced in the direction of approaching, the thin plate member 1 extends in the direction perpendicular to that direction. As shown in FIG. 2E, the thin plate member 1 may have a curved contour in a certain region of the material, and such a case also belongs to the scope of the present invention. In addition, the thin plate member of the present embodiment may have another structure in which the entire thin plate can be expanded by partially deforming the surface of the thin plate regardless of the above configuration. The case also belongs to the scope of the present invention.
薄型変形パネルの作動
図３（Ａ）に描かれている如く、薄板部材１に於ける正方形ｂの（正方形ａに重なっていない）対角線上に相当する位置に配置された収縮素子２ａ、２ｂ、２ｃ、２ｄが収縮すると、正方形ｂの頂点に相当する部位が互いに近接する方向に変形し、その対角長が減ぜられると共に、それに直交する方向の距離（正方形ａに重なった正方形ｂの頂点間の距離）が伸長することとなる。そうすると、正方形ａに相当する領域１Ｘは、互いに離れる方向に変位するので、薄板部材１の全域が図中矢印にて示されている方向に伸展することとなる。その際、薄板部材１の周縁の伸長が制限又は拘束されている場合には、薄板部材１の内側が伸展しているのに対応して薄板部材１の周縁が伸長できないこととなるので、薄板部材１は、図３（Ｃ）に描かれている如く、面外に突出するように湾曲することで、その周縁内にて内側の伸長量と周縁の伸長量との差（換言すれば、薄板部材１の面積の増大量と、薄板部材１の周縁にて囲繞された面の面積の増大量との差、或いは、面に沿った対向する周縁間の長さと対向する周縁間の距離との差）を吸収して伸展することとなる。なお、図１（Ｂ）、（Ｃ）の如く、薄板部材１に別の薄板３が貼着されている場合には、薄板３も薄板部材１と共に面外変形することとなる。
Operation of Thin Deformation Panel As shown in FIG. 3A, the contraction elements 2a, 2b arranged at positions corresponding to diagonals of the square b in the thin plate member 1 (not overlapping the square a), When 2c and 2d contract, the portions corresponding to the vertices of the square b are deformed in a direction in which they approach each other, the diagonal length thereof is reduced, and the distance in the direction orthogonal thereto (the vertex of the square b overlapping the square a) Distance) will be extended. Then, the regions 1X corresponding to the square a are displaced in the directions away from each other, so that the entire thin plate member 1 extends in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure. At that time, when the expansion of the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 is limited or restricted, the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1 cannot be expanded corresponding to the expansion of the inner side of the thin plate member 1. As illustrated in FIG. 3C, the member 1 is curved so as to project out of the plane, so that the difference between the inner expansion amount and the peripheral expansion amount within the peripheral edge (in other words, The difference between the increase amount of the area of the thin plate member 1 and the increase amount of the area of the surface surrounded by the peripheral edge of the thin plate member 1, or the length between the opposing peripheral edges along the surface and the distance between the opposing peripheral edges. The difference will be absorbed and stretched. In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, when another thin plate 3 is attached to the thin plate member 1, the thin plate 3 is also deformed out of plane together with the thin plate member 1.
計算実験例
上記の本実施形態の薄型変形パネルの具体的に設計された構成に生ずる面外変形の程度を計算シミュレーションにより検証した。
Calculation Experimental Example The degree of out-of-plane deformation occurring in the specifically designed configuration of the thin deformable panel of the present embodiment described above was verified by calculation simulation.
薄型変形パネルの構成に於いて、薄板部材には、板厚０．１ｍｍの鋼板（弾性率２１０ＧＰａ）を設定し、正方形ａの辺長を２４．２１３ｍｍとし、正方形ａと正方形ｂとの中心間距離を２０ｍｍとした。これにより、一つの正方形ａの中心と対角線方向に隣接する正方形ａの中心との距離は、４０ｍｍとなる。薄板部材全体の寸法は、２１０ｍｍ×２１０ｍｍとした。薄板部材の周縁は、薄板部材と同じ鋼板からなり、薄板部材の伸展が生じても周縁長が実質的に変化しない幅（５ｍｍ）の帯状体にて連結した（図１（Ｃ）の１ｅ参照）。収縮素子としては、幅５ｍｍ、厚み０．２ｍｍのＮｉ−Ｔｉ系形状記憶合金製の帯状素子を用い、薄板部材の正方形ｂの対角線を連結した。形状記憶合金は、弾性率が１１４ＧＰａであり、８０℃にて長さ方向に５％の収縮が発現するように形状記憶処理し、収縮応力が常用において５００Ｍｐａ、最大において８００Ｍｐａにて発生するものとし、（収縮前の状態に戻すための）原形復帰応力が−１５０ＭＰａであるものとした。収縮素子は、一旦８０℃に加温して、記憶形状を発現させた後、張力を付与して６−８％の伸張を施し、その後、張力を除去した状態で所定の寸法となるように調整するものとした。そして、収縮素子の表面に電気抵抗線を配架固定し、収縮素子を加温できるものとした。 In the configuration of the thin deformed panel, a steel plate (elastic modulus 210 GPa) having a plate thickness of 0.1 mm is set as the thin plate member, the side length of the square a is set to 24.213 mm, and the center between the square a and the square b is set. The distance was 20 mm. As a result, the distance between the center of one square a and the center of the square a adjacent in the diagonal direction is 40 mm. The dimensions of the entire thin plate member were 210 mm×210 mm. The peripheral edge of the thin plate member is made of the same steel plate as the thin plate member, and the thin plate members are connected by a strip having a width (5 mm) whose peripheral length does not substantially change even when the thin plate member is extended (see 1e in FIG. 1C). ). As the contracting element, a strip element made of Ni—Ti-based shape memory alloy having a width of 5 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm was used, and the diagonal line of the square b of the thin plate member was connected. The shape memory alloy has a modulus of elasticity of 114 GPa and is subjected to shape memory treatment so that 5% contraction in the length direction is expressed at 80° C., and the contraction stress is assumed to occur at 500 Mpa during normal use and at 800 Mpa at maximum. The original shape restoring stress (to restore the state before shrinkage) was −150 MPa. The contraction element is heated to 80° C. once to develop a memory shape, and then tension is applied to extend the contraction by 6-8%, and then, the tension is removed to obtain a predetermined dimension. It was supposed to be adjusted. Then, an electric resistance wire was placed and fixed on the surface of the contraction element so that the contraction element could be heated.
上記の設計条件の構成に於いて、電気抵抗線を４００Ｗにて通電し、収縮素子を８０℃にて加温したとの条件にて、ＦＥＭ解析を実施し、薄板部材の変位を見積もったところ、面外変形が発生し、変形前の面の位置からの凸状に突出した面の最大変位は、９９ｍｍであった。かくして、上記の本実施形態の構成により、選択的に面外変形可能な薄型変形パネルが実現可能であることが示された。 In the configuration of the above design conditions, FEM analysis was performed under the condition that the electric resistance wire was energized at 400 W and the contraction element was heated at 80° C., and the displacement of the thin plate member was estimated. Out-of-plane deformation occurred, and the maximum displacement of the convexly projecting surface from the position of the surface before deformation was 99 mm. Thus, it has been shown that the configuration of the present embodiment described above can realize a thin deformable panel that can be selectively deformed out of plane.
上記の本実施形態の面外変形可能な薄型変形パネルは、種々の用途にて利用可能である。例えば、図４（Ａ）にて描かれている如く、薄型変形パネルＰは、車両のボディに於いて、空力特性の変更、衝撃力吸収、意匠の変更などを目的としたボディ表面の（ＰからＰｍの如く変形する）面外変形要素として、或いは、車内のダッシュボード等の内装部材の要素として利用可能である。また、図４（Ｂ）にて描かれている如く、薄型変形パネルＰは、ボードＳＬＢが直立した支柱に取り付けられている太陽光パネル、標識、看板などの構造物において、日照追従、防眩、視覚強調等の目的で、ボードＳＬＢの向きを変更するための（ＰからＰｍの如く変形する）駆動要素として利用可能である。更に、図４（Ｃ）にて描かれている如く、薄型変形パネルＰは、軽量化、飛行性能向上を意図した航空機翼外板や、駆動デバイスが不要なフラップ等のコントロールサーフェス部材に於ける面外変形要素として利用可能である。そして、また更に、図４（Ｄ）にて描かれている如く、荷物搬送や自走ロボットの駆動デバイスに於いて、薄型変形パネルを複数個配列して適宜面外変形を発現させて、荷物Ｒなどを移送するための波運動を発現することなども考えられる。理解されるべきことは、上記の如き、薄型変形パネルの利用に於いて、パネルを面外変形させるための変形力を印加する機構は、面内又は面近傍にて面に沿って配置されており、面外に確保すべきスペースが大幅に低減されるという点である。 The thin deformable panel that can be deformed out of plane according to the present embodiment can be used for various purposes. For example, as shown in FIG. 4(A), the thin deformable panel P has a (P) shape on the body surface of the vehicle for the purpose of changing aerodynamic characteristics, absorbing impact force, changing design, etc. Can be used as an out-of-plane deformation element or as an element of an interior member such as a dashboard in a vehicle. Further, as illustrated in FIG. 4B, the thin deformable panel P is used in a structure such as a solar panel, a sign, and a signboard, in which a board SLB is attached to an upright column, in order to follow the sunlight and to prevent glare. , And can be used as a driving element for changing the direction of the board SLB (deformed from P to Pm) for the purpose of visual enhancement. Further, as shown in FIG. 4(C), the thin deformable panel P is used as a control surface member such as an aircraft wing skin intended to reduce weight and improve flight performance, or a flap that does not require a drive device. It can be used as an out-of-plane deformation element. Further, as shown in FIG. 4(D), a plurality of thin deformable panels are arranged in a drive device of a baggage carrier or a self-propelled robot so that an out-of-plane deformation can be appropriately generated, and a baggage It is also possible to express a wave motion for transferring R and the like. It should be understood that, in the use of the thin deformable panel as described above, the mechanism for applying the deforming force for deforming the panel out-of-plane is arranged along the surface in or near the surface. That is, the space to be secured outside the plane is significantly reduced.
以上の説明は、本発明の実施の形態に関連してなされているが、当業者にとつて多くの修正及び変更が容易に可能であり、本発明は、上記に例示された実施形態のみに限定されるものではなく、本発明の概念から逸脱することなく種々の装置に適用されることは明らかであろう。 Although the above description is made in connection with the embodiments of the present invention, many modifications and changes can be easily made by those skilled in the art, and the present invention is limited to the embodiments illustrated above. It will be apparent that the present invention is not limited but applies to various devices without departing from the concept of the invention.
Claims (1)
面外変形可能な薄板部材にして、その周縁よりも内側に於いて、前記薄板部材の面内に於ける一方向に収縮すると前記面内に於いて前記収縮方向に略直交する方向に於ける前記薄板部材の伸展を惹起する変形制御部位を有し、前記面内に於ける一つの方向に伸展すると同時に前記面内に於ける前記一つの方向に交差する別の方向にも伸展可能な構造を成している薄板部材と、
前記薄板部材に於ける前記変形制御部位を選択的に収縮する収縮素子とを
含み、前記薄板部材の伸展に対応した前記薄板部材の全周の伸長量よりも前記薄板部材の周縁の伸長量が短くなるように前記薄板部材の周縁が拘束された状態にて、前記変形制御部位が前記収縮素子によって収縮されると、前記薄板部材が面外変形する薄型変形パネル。
A thin deformable panel,
When the thin plate member is deformable out of plane and contracts in one direction in the plane of the thin plate member inside the peripheral edge, the thin plate member is in a direction substantially orthogonal to the contraction direction in the plane. A structure having a deformation control portion for inducing extension of the thin plate member and capable of extending in one direction in the plane and at the same time extending in another direction intersecting with the one direction in the plane And a thin plate member,
A contraction element for selectively contracting the deformation control portion of the thin plate member, wherein the expansion amount of the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is larger than the expansion amount of the entire circumference of the thin plate member corresponding to the expansion of the thin plate member. A thin deformable panel in which the thin plate member is out-of-plane deformed when the deformation control portion is contracted by the contraction element while the peripheral edge of the thin plate member is constrained to be shortened.
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| CN114165548A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-11 | 北京工业大学 | Negative Poisson's ratio damping protection device |
| US11771183B2 (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2023-10-03 | Joon Bu Park | Negative Poisson's ratio materials for fasteners |
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| JP2014156159A (en) * | 2013-02-14 | 2014-08-28 | Univ Of Tokyo | Flexible blade and marine vessel |
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| JP2009521104A (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2009-05-28 | エーアーデーエス・ドイッチュラント・ゲーエムベーハー | Three-dimensional laminated piezoelectric element and piezoelectric actuator having such a laminated piezoelectric element |
| JP2014156159A (en) * | 2013-02-14 | 2014-08-28 | Univ Of Tokyo | Flexible blade and marine vessel |
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| CN114165548A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-11 | 北京工业大学 | Negative Poisson's ratio damping protection device |
| CN114165548B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-07-21 | 北京工业大学 | Negative poisson ratio vibration reduction protection device |
| US11771183B2 (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2023-10-03 | Joon Bu Park | Negative Poisson's ratio materials for fasteners |
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