JP2020098081A - Combustion control method - Google Patents

Combustion control method Download PDF

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JP2020098081A
JP2020098081A JP2018237219A JP2018237219A JP2020098081A JP 2020098081 A JP2020098081 A JP 2020098081A JP 2018237219 A JP2018237219 A JP 2018237219A JP 2018237219 A JP2018237219 A JP 2018237219A JP 2020098081 A JP2020098081 A JP 2020098081A
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combustion air
combustion
waste
control method
exhaust gas
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JP6748697B2 (en
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倹吾 増田
Kengo Masuda
倹吾 増田
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Plantec Inc
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Abstract

To provide a novel combustion control method according to the present invention, capable of maintaining a stable combustion state in a vertical waste incinerator.SOLUTION: The combustion control method for use in a vertical waste incinerator 1 carrying out incineration processing of waste W by charging the waste W into a furnace 11 to incinerate the waste W while feeding combustion air from the lower part of a sedimentary layer W1 formed of the waste W having been charged thereinto and successively discharging incineration ash from the bottom of the furnace, comprises a process of changing the oxygen concentration in combustion air while maintaining the supply amount of combustion air within a specified range to control the incineration state of the waste W.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、竪型ごみ焼却炉の燃焼制御方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a combustion control method for a vertical refuse incinerator.

「竪型ごみ焼却炉」は、炉内に廃棄物を投入し、投入された廃棄物が形成する堆積層の下部より燃焼用空気を供給しながら廃棄物を燃焼させ、炉底部から焼却灰を順次排出することにより廃棄物を焼却処理する焼却方式を採用した焼却炉である。 The “vertical refuse incinerator” puts waste into the furnace, burns the waste while supplying combustion air from the bottom of the sediment layer formed by the thrown waste, and burns the incinerated ash from the bottom of the furnace. It is an incinerator that employs an incineration system that incinerates waste by sequentially discharging it.

従来の竪型ごみ焼却炉は、燃焼用空気（一次燃焼用空気）の量を理論空気量の０．８〜１．３倍程度とすることによって、廃棄物の堆積層が上から順に、「調質層」、「燃焼層」、「灰層」を形成するように燃焼状態を制御しながら燃焼させ、炉内下部に堆積された廃棄物の燃焼によって発生した可燃ガス（ガス状の可燃性物質）を炉内上部で再燃焼する仕組みとなされたものが一般的である。 In the conventional vertical refuse incinerator, the amount of combustion air (primary combustion air) is set to about 0.8 to 1.3 times the theoretical air amount, so that the accumulated layer of the waste is sequentially arranged from the top. Combustible gas (gaseous flammability) generated by burning the waste accumulated in the lower part of the furnace by controlling the combustion state so as to form a “conditioning layer”, “combustion layer”, and “ash layer” It is common to have a mechanism to reburn the material) in the upper part of the furnace.

最近では、燃焼用空気の供給量を理論空気量の０．２〜０．８倍とし、前記燃焼層と前記灰層との間に実質的に無酸素状態の高温下で廃棄物の乾燥及び熱分解が促進される「炭化層」を形成する燃焼用空気の供給方法も提案されている（例えば、下記特許文献１参照。）。 Recently, the amount of combustion air supplied is 0.2 to 0.8 times the theoretical amount of air, and the waste is dried and dried at a high temperature in a substantially oxygen-free state between the combustion layer and the ash layer. A method of supplying combustion air that forms a "carbonized layer" in which thermal decomposition is promoted has also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below).

特許第４５９３６８８号公報Japanese Patent No. 4593688

前記特許文献１に記載の燃焼用空気の供給方法では、堆積層の厚さに応じて燃焼用空気の供給量を変化させることによって、燃焼用空気の供給量を理論空気量の０．２〜０．８倍に維持する。しかしながら、燃焼用空気の供給量を変化させると、堆積層の下部から上部に向かう燃焼用空気の流れに偏りが生じたり、局部的な吹き抜けが生じたりして、燃焼状態が不安定になる場合があった。 In the combustion air supply method described in Patent Document 1, the supply amount of the combustion air is changed from 0.2 to the theoretical air amount by changing the supply amount of the combustion air according to the thickness of the deposited layer. Maintain 0.8 times. However, when the amount of combustion air supplied is changed, the flow of combustion air from the lower part to the upper part of the deposited layer becomes uneven, or local blow-through occurs, resulting in an unstable combustion state. was there.

本発明は前記技術的課題に鑑みて開発されたものであり、竪型ごみ焼却炉の安定した燃焼状態を継続し得る新規な燃焼制御方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention was developed in view of the above technical problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a novel combustion control method capable of continuing a stable combustion state of a vertical refuse incinerator.

前記技術的課題を解決するための本発明の燃焼制御方法は、炉内に廃棄物を投入し、投入された廃棄物が形成する堆積層の下部より燃焼用空気を供給しながら廃棄物を燃焼させ、炉底部から焼却灰を順次排出することにより廃棄物を焼却処理する竪型ごみ焼却炉における燃焼制御方法であって、燃焼用空気の供給量を一定範囲内で維持したうえで、燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変えることによって、廃棄物の燃焼状態を制御することを特徴とする（以下、「本発明制御方法」と称する。）。 A combustion control method of the present invention for solving the above technical problem is to inject waste into a furnace and burn the waste while supplying combustion air from a lower portion of a deposition layer formed by the injected waste. A combustion control method in a vertical refuse incinerator that incinerates waste by sequentially discharging the incineration ash from the bottom of the furnace, and after maintaining the supply amount of combustion air within a certain range, The combustion state of the waste is controlled by changing the oxygen concentration of the air (hereinafter referred to as the "control method of the present invention").

前記本発明制御方法においては、廃棄物の燃焼によって生じた排ガスの流量又は温度に応じて燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変えることが好ましい態様となる。 In the control method of the present invention, it is a preferred embodiment that the oxygen concentration of the combustion air is changed according to the flow rate or the temperature of the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the waste.

前記本発明制御方法においては、前記竪型ごみ焼却炉に付帯された廃熱ボイラのボイラ水蒸発量に応じて燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変えることが好ましい態様となる。 In the control method of the present invention, it is a preferable aspect that the oxygen concentration of the combustion air is changed according to the amount of boiler water evaporation of the waste heat boiler attached to the vertical refuse incinerator.

前記本発明制御方法においては、排ガスを再循環して燃焼用空気に混合することによって燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変えることが好ましい態様となる。 In the control method of the present invention, it is a preferable aspect that the oxygen concentration of the combustion air is changed by recirculating the exhaust gas and mixing it with the combustion air.

本発明によれば、竪型ごみ焼却炉の安定した燃焼状態を継続することができる。 According to the present invention, a stable combustion state of a vertical refuse incinerator can be continued.

図１は、本発明制御方法を実行するための竪型ごみ焼却炉を備えた焼却プラントの一実施形態を模式的に示す概略図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram schematically showing an embodiment of an incineration plant equipped with a vertical refuse incinerator for carrying out the control method of the present invention. 図２は、本発明制御方法を実行するための制御装置の一例を示すブロック図である。FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a control device for executing the control method of the present invention. 図３は、前記制御装置の制御手順を示すフローチャートである。FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of the control device. 図４は、本発明制御方法を実行するための制御装置の他の例を示すブロック図である。FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing another example of the control device for executing the control method of the present invention. 図５は、前記制御装置の制御手順を示すフローチャートである。FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of the control device.

以下、本発明の実施形態を、図面を参照しながら説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施形態に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

＜竪型ごみ焼却炉１＞
前記本発明制御方法は、図１に示すような竪型ごみ焼却炉１における燃焼制御方法である。前記竪型ごみ焼却炉１は、炉１１内に廃棄物Ｗを投入し、投入された廃棄物Ｗが形成する堆積層Ｗ１の下部より燃焼用空気を供給しながら廃棄物Ｗを燃焼させ、炉１１の底部から焼却灰を順次排出することにより廃棄物Ｗを焼却処理する燃焼方式を採用した焼却炉である。 <Vertical refuse incinerator 1>
The control method of the present invention is a combustion control method in the vertical refuse incinerator 1 as shown in FIG. In the vertical refuse incinerator 1, the waste W is charged into the furnace 11, and the waste W is burned while supplying combustion air from the lower part of the deposition layer W1 formed by the injected waste W. The incinerator employs a combustion method in which waste W is incinerated by sequentially discharging incineration ash from the bottom of 11.

‐燃焼用空気供給ライン（ＡＬ）‐
本実施形態においては、燃焼用空気（一次燃焼用空気）につき、図中実線で示す燃焼用空気供給ライン（ＡＬ）を通じて供給している。前記燃焼用空気供給ライン（ＡＬ）は、一端が空気押し込み用ファン（ＦＡ）に連結され、他端が前記竪型ごみ焼却炉１の炉１１の下部に至るように配された配管であり、管路の途中に燃焼用空気の供給量を決定する燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）が設けられている。又、前記燃焼用空気供給ライン（ＡＬ）の上流には、前記空気押し込み用ファン（ＦＡ）の駆動によって生じる燃焼用空気の流量（一次流量）を測定するための第一流量計（Ａ１）が備えられており、又、前記燃焼用空気供給ライン（ＡＬ）の下流には、前記竪型ごみ焼却炉１に導入される直前の燃焼用空気の流量（二次流量）を測定するための第二流量計（Ａ２）が備えられている。 -Combustion air supply line (AL)-
In this embodiment, the combustion air (primary combustion air) is supplied through the combustion air supply line (AL) shown by the solid line in the figure. One end of the combustion air supply line (AL) is connected to an air pushing fan (FA), and the other end is a pipe arranged to reach a lower portion of the furnace 11 of the vertical refuse incinerator 1. A combustion air valve (VA) that determines the supply amount of combustion air is provided in the middle of the pipeline. Further, a first flow meter (A1) for measuring a flow rate (primary flow rate) of the combustion air generated by driving the air pushing fan (FA) is provided upstream of the combustion air supply line (AL). It is provided and downstream of the combustion air supply line (AL) for measuring the flow rate (secondary flow rate) of the combustion air immediately before being introduced into the vertical refuse incinerator 1. A dual flow meter (A2) is provided.

‐排ガスライン（ＧＬ）‐
本実施形態では、前記廃棄物Ｗの燃焼に伴い発生する可燃ガスにつき、まず、主燃焼室１１１において燃やし、次いで、整流装置１３を通過したガスを再燃焼室１１２において完全燃焼している。燃焼処理によって生じた排ガスは、炉出口１２を通過し、図中一点鎖線で示す排ガスライン（ＧＬ）に沿って輸送される。本実施形態では、前記炉出口１２を通過した排ガスにつき、廃熱ボイラ２、エコノマイザ３、バグフィルタ４を順に通過させ、煙突Ｃを通じて大気に排出している。ここで、前記廃熱ボイラ２は、排ガスの熱エネルギーを回収し蒸気を発生させる役割を担う。又、前記エコノマイザ３は、排ガスの余熱を利用してボイラ給水を予熱する役割等を担う。更に、前記バグフィルタ４は、排気ガスに含まれる粉塵などを除去する役割を担う。なお、前記排ガスの流れは、前記バグフィルタ４と前記煙突Ｃとの間に設けられたガス誘引ファン（ＦＧ）によって形成されている。本実施形態においては、前記炉出口１２を通過する排ガスの温度を測定するためのガス温度計１４が前記炉出口１２に備えられており、又、前記炉出口１２を通過した排ガスの流量を測定するためのガス流量計１５が前記排ガスライン（ＧＬ）に備えられている。 -Exhaust gas line (GL)-
In the present embodiment, the combustible gas generated by the combustion of the waste W is first burned in the main combustion chamber 111, and then the gas that has passed through the rectifying device 13 is completely burned in the reburning chamber 112. The exhaust gas generated by the combustion process passes through the furnace outlet 12 and is transported along the exhaust gas line (GL) indicated by the dashed line in the figure. In this embodiment, the exhaust gas that has passed through the furnace outlet 12 is sequentially passed through the waste heat boiler 2, the economizer 3, and the bag filter 4, and is discharged to the atmosphere through the chimney C. Here, the waste heat boiler 2 plays a role of recovering heat energy of exhaust gas and generating steam. Further, the economizer 3 plays a role of preheating the boiler feed water by utilizing the residual heat of the exhaust gas. Further, the bag filter 4 plays a role of removing dust and the like contained in the exhaust gas. The flow of the exhaust gas is formed by a gas attraction fan (FG) provided between the bag filter 4 and the chimney C. In the present embodiment, a gas thermometer 14 for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas passing through the furnace outlet 12 is provided in the furnace outlet 12, and the flow rate of the exhaust gas passing through the furnace outlet 12 is measured. A gas flow meter 15 for doing so is provided in the exhaust gas line (GL).

‐蒸気ライン（ＳＬ）‐
前述のごとく、本実施形態に係る竪型ごみ焼却炉１には、廃熱ボイラ２が付帯されており、ボイラ水の蒸発に伴って生じる蒸気は、図中点線で示す蒸気ライン（ＳＬ）を通じて輸送される。本実施形態においては、前記蒸気ライン（ＳＬ）において、ボイラ水の蒸発量を測定するための蒸気流量計２１が備えられている。 -Steam line (SL)-
As described above, the vertical refuse incinerator 1 according to the present embodiment is provided with the waste heat boiler 2, and the steam generated with the evaporation of the boiler water is passed through the steam line (SL) shown by the dotted line in the figure. Will be transported. In the present embodiment, the steam line (SL) is provided with a steam flow meter 21 for measuring the evaporation amount of boiler water.

‐排ガス再循環ライン（ＲＬ）‐
図中二点鎖線で示す排ガス再循環ライン（ＲＬ）は、前記排ガスライン（ＧＬ）を通過する排ガスの一部を再循環し、前記燃焼用空気供給ライン（ＡＬ）に合流させる役割を担う。本実施形態において前記排ガス再循環ライン（ＲＬ）は、一端が前記排ガスライン（ＧＬ）におけるガス誘引ファン（ＦＧ）と煙突Ｃとの間に連結され、他端が前記燃焼用空気供給ライン（ＡＬ）における第一流量計（Ａ１）と第二流量計（Ａ２）との間に連結された配管である。前記排ガス再循環ライン（ＲＧ）には、排ガス再循環用ファン（ＦＲ）が設けられており、この排ガス再循環用ファン（ＦＲ）の駆動によって、前記排ガス再循環ライン（ＲＧ）を通じて輸送される排ガスの流れが形成される。又、前記排ガス再循環用ファン（ＦＲ）の上流には、排ガスの再循環量を決定する再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）が設けられている。 -Exhaust gas recirculation line (RL)-
An exhaust gas recirculation line (RL) shown by a two-dot chain line in the drawing plays a role of recirculating a part of the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust gas line (GL) and joining it with the combustion air supply line (AL). In the present embodiment, one end of the exhaust gas recirculation line (RL) is connected between the gas induction fan (FG) and the chimney C in the exhaust gas line (GL), and the other end thereof is the combustion air supply line (AL). ) Is a pipe connected between the first flow meter (A1) and the second flow meter (A2). An exhaust gas recirculation fan (FR) is provided in the exhaust gas recirculation line (RG), and is transported through the exhaust gas recirculation line (RG) by driving the exhaust gas recirculation fan (FR). An exhaust gas stream is formed. A recirculation valve (VR) that determines the recirculation amount of exhaust gas is provided upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation fan (FR).

＜本発明制御方法＞
以下、前記構成を有する竪型ごみ焼却炉１を用いて本発明制御方法の実行を説明する。
前記構成を有する竪型ごみ焼却炉１は、排ガスを再循環して燃焼用空気に混合することによって燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変えることができる。又、燃焼用空気の供給量は、前記燃焼用空気供給ライン（ＡＬ）に備えられた第一流量計（Ａ１）や第二流量計（Ａ２）によって測定することができ、測定された燃焼用空気の供給量に応じて燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）や再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）の開度を調節することによって、燃焼用空気の供給量を一定範囲内に維持することができる。 <Control method of the present invention>
Hereinafter, the execution of the control method of the present invention will be described using the vertical refuse incinerator 1 having the above configuration.
In the vertical refuse incinerator 1 having the above-mentioned configuration, the oxygen concentration of the combustion air can be changed by recirculating the exhaust gas and mixing it with the combustion air. Further, the supply amount of the combustion air can be measured by the first flow meter (A1) and the second flow meter (A2) provided in the combustion air supply line (AL). By adjusting the openings of the combustion air valve (VA) and the recirculation valve (VR) according to the supply amount of air, the supply amount of combustion air can be maintained within a certain range.

従って、前記竪型ごみ焼却炉１によれば、燃焼用空気の供給量を一定範囲内で維持したうえで、燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変えることによって、廃棄物Ｗの燃焼状態を制御する本発明制御方法を実行することができる。 Therefore, according to the vertical refuse incinerator 1, the combustion state of the waste W is controlled by changing the oxygen concentration of the combustion air while maintaining the supply amount of the combustion air within a certain range. The inventive control method can be implemented.

なお、前記本発明制御方法の実行は、人的作業によって行っても良いが、前記ガス温度計１４によって測定された排ガスの温度や、前記ガス流量計１５によって測定された排ガスの流量、或いはボイラ水の蒸発量等の燃焼によって生じたファクターに応じて、自動的に燃焼条件が決定される自動制御によって行うことが好ましい。この自動制御は、例えば、図２に示すような、排ガスの予定温度、及び排ガスの予定流量（以下、「予定値」と称する。）を記憶する記憶手段５１と、前記ガス温度計１４によって測定された排ガスの温度や、前記ガス流量計１５によって測定された排ガスの流量（以下、「実測値」と称する。）を予定値と比較し、最適な燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を導き出す演算手段５２と、導き出された酸素濃度に応じて前記燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）と前記再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）の開度を命令する制御手段５３と、を具備する制御装置５にて行うことができる。 The control method of the present invention may be performed manually, but the temperature of the exhaust gas measured by the gas thermometer 14, the flow rate of the exhaust gas measured by the gas flow meter 15, or the boiler. It is preferable to carry out the automatic control in which the combustion conditions are automatically determined according to the factors generated by the combustion such as the evaporation amount of water. This automatic control is, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, measured by a storage unit 51 that stores a planned temperature of the exhaust gas and a planned flow rate of the exhaust gas (hereinafter, referred to as a “planned value”) and the gas thermometer 14. The calculating means 52 for comparing the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas flow rate measured by the gas flow meter 15 (hereinafter referred to as “actual measurement value”) with a predetermined value to derive the optimum oxygen concentration of the combustion air. And a control means 53 for instructing the opening degree of the combustion air valve (VA) and the recirculation valve (VR) according to the derived oxygen concentration.

図３のフローチャートに示すように、前記制御装置５は、竪型ごみ焼却炉１の稼働開始（Ｓ１）から一定時間経過した後（Ｓ２）、ガス温度計１４（又はガス流量計１５）にて排ガスの温度（又は流量）を測定する（Ｓ３）。なお、説明の便宜上、竪型ごみ焼却炉１の稼働開始（Ｓ１）に応じて、前記空気押し込み用ファン（ＦＡ）、前記ガス誘引ファン（ＦＧ）、及び前記排ガス再循環用ファン（ＦＲ）は駆動を開始するものとする。 As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3, the control device 5 uses the gas thermometer 14 (or the gas flow meter 15) after a lapse of a certain time (S2) from the start of operation of the vertical refuse incinerator 1 (S1). The temperature (or flow rate) of the exhaust gas is measured (S3). For convenience of explanation, the air pushing fan (FA), the gas attraction fan (FG), and the exhaust gas recirculation fan (FR) are selected according to the start of operation (S1) of the vertical refuse incinerator 1. The drive shall start.

前記演算手段５２は、前記記憶手段５１に記憶された予定値と実測値とを比較し、最適な燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を導き出す（Ｓ４）。より具体的には、排ガスの温度（流量）が予定値より低ければ高い酸素濃度を決定し、高ければ低い酸素濃度を決定する。 The calculation unit 52 compares the planned value stored in the storage unit 51 with the actually measured value, and derives the optimum oxygen concentration of the combustion air (S4). More specifically, if the temperature (flow rate) of the exhaust gas is lower than a predetermined value, a high oxygen concentration is determined, and if it is high, a low oxygen concentration is determined.

前記制御手段５３は、決定された酸素濃度に基づき、前記燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）と前記再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）の開度を命令する（Ｓ５）。より具体的には、決定された酸素濃度が現在の燃焼用空気の酸素濃度より高ければ、前記燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）の開度を上げ、その分、前記再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）の開度を下げる。逆に、決定された酸素濃度が現在の燃焼用空気の酸素濃度より低ければ、前記燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）の開度を下げ、その分、前記再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）の開度を上げる。これにより、燃焼用空気の供給量が一定範囲内に維持される。 The control means 53 commands the opening degree of the combustion air valve (VA) and the recirculation valve (VR) based on the determined oxygen concentration (S5). More specifically, if the determined oxygen concentration is higher than the current oxygen concentration in the combustion air, the opening degree of the combustion air valve (VA) is increased, and the recirculation valve (VR) is opened accordingly. Turn down. On the contrary, if the determined oxygen concentration is lower than the current oxygen concentration of the combustion air, the opening degree of the combustion air valve (VA) is lowered and the opening degree of the recirculation valve (VR) is increased accordingly. .. As a result, the amount of combustion air supplied is maintained within a certain range.

その後、一定時間経過すれば（Ｓ２）、排ガス温度（流量）の測定（Ｓ３）以下の制御手順が繰り返される。 After that, when a certain period of time has passed (S2), the control procedure of measuring the exhaust gas temperature (flow rate) (S3) and subsequent steps is repeated.

このように、燃焼用空気の供給量を一定範囲内で維持したうえで、燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変えることによって、廃棄物の燃焼状態を制御する本発明制御方法によれば、堆積層の下部から上部に向かう燃焼用空気の流れにつき、燃焼用空気供給量の変化に伴う偏りが生じず、局部的な吹き抜けが生じないため、燃焼状態が安定的に維持される。 As described above, according to the control method of the present invention, in which the combustion state of waste is controlled by changing the oxygen concentration of the combustion air while maintaining the supply amount of the combustion air within a certain range, With respect to the flow of the combustion air from the lower part to the upper part, there is no deviation due to the change in the supply amount of the combustion air, and local blow-through does not occur, so that the combustion state is stably maintained.

又、燃焼用空気の全てを再循環した排ガスに置き換えることができるため、焼却炉の運転状態に異常が生じた際に、酸素濃度が１０％以下の排ガスにて炉内を速やかに消火することもできる。 Further, since all of the combustion air can be replaced with the recirculated exhaust gas, when the operating condition of the incinerator is abnormal, the exhaust gas with an oxygen concentration of 10% or less should be used to quickly extinguish the inside of the furnace. You can also

なお、本実施形態においては、排ガスを再循環して燃焼用空気に混合することによって燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変えているが、酸素濃度の変更手段は排ガスの再循環によるものに限られない。例えば、空気に窒素や二酸化炭素或いは外部の排ガスを混合することによって燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変化させても良い。燃焼用空気の酸素濃度は、１５〜２１％の範囲内で変更することが好ましい。 Note that, in the present embodiment, the oxygen concentration of the combustion air is changed by recirculating the exhaust gas and mixing with the combustion air, but the oxygen concentration changing means is not limited to that by recirculating the exhaust gas. .. For example, the oxygen concentration of the combustion air may be changed by mixing nitrogen, carbon dioxide or external exhaust gas with the air. The oxygen concentration of the combustion air is preferably changed within the range of 15 to 21%.

又、本実施形態においては、廃棄物Ｗの燃焼によって生じた排ガスの温度又は流量に応じて燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を決定しているが、酸素濃度を決定するためのファクターは、排ガスの温度又は流量に限られない。 Further, in the present embodiment, the oxygen concentration of the combustion air is determined according to the temperature or flow rate of the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the waste W, but the factor for determining the oxygen concentration is the exhaust gas temperature. Or it is not limited to the flow rate.

例えば、図４に示すブロック図は、廃熱ボイラ２のボイラ水蒸発量に応じて燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を決定する制御装置５である。この制御装置５は、ボイラ水の予定蒸発量を記憶する記憶手段５１と、前記蒸気流量計２１によって測定されたボイラ水の蒸発量を予定蒸発量と比較し、最適な燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を導き出す演算手段５２と、導き出された酸素濃度に応じて前記燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）と前記再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）の開度を命令する制御手段５３と、を具備する。 For example, the block diagram shown in FIG. 4 is a control device 5 that determines the oxygen concentration of combustion air according to the amount of boiler water evaporation of the waste heat boiler 2. The control device 5 compares the estimated evaporation amount of the boiler water measured by the steam flow meter 21 with the storage means 51 that stores the estimated evaporation amount of the boiler water, and determines the optimum oxygen concentration of the combustion air. And a control means 53 for instructing the opening degree of the combustion air valve (VA) and the recirculation valve (VR) according to the derived oxygen concentration.

なお、前記制御装置５は、更に、前記記憶手段５１に燃焼用空気の予定供給量が記憶されており、前記演算手段５２が、第一流量計（Ａ１）や第二流量計（Ａ２）によって測定された燃焼用空気の供給量と予定供給量とを比較し、その差に応じて、前記制御手段５３が前記燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）と前記再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）の開度の変更命令をする仕組みとなされている。 In the control device 5, the storage means 51 further stores a planned supply amount of combustion air, and the computing means 52 uses the first flow meter (A1) and the second flow meter (A2). The measured supply amount of combustion air is compared with the planned supply amount, and the control means 53 changes the opening degree of the combustion air valve (VA) and the recirculation valve (VR) according to the difference. It is designed to give orders.

図５のフローチャートに示すように、前記制御装置５は、竪型ごみ焼却炉１の稼働開始（Ｓ１）から一定時間経過した後（Ｓ２）、蒸気流量計２１にてボイラ水の蒸発量を測定する（Ｓ９）。 As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 5, the control device 5 measures the evaporation amount of the boiler water with the steam flow meter 21 after a certain time has elapsed (S2) from the start of operation of the vertical refuse incinerator 1 (S1). Yes (S9).

前記演算手段５２は、前記記憶手段５１に記憶された予定蒸発量と測定された蒸発量とを比較し、最適な燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を導き出す（Ｓ４）。より具体的には、ボイラ水の蒸発量が予定より低ければ高い酸素濃度を決定し、高ければ低い酸素濃度を決定する。 The calculation unit 52 compares the planned evaporation amount stored in the storage unit 51 with the measured evaporation amount, and derives the optimum oxygen concentration of the combustion air (S4). More specifically, if the evaporation amount of boiler water is lower than expected, a high oxygen concentration is determined, and if it is high, a low oxygen concentration is determined.

前記制御手段５３は、決定された酸素濃度に基づき、前記燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）と前記再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）の開度を命令する（Ｓ５）。 The control means 53 commands the opening degree of the combustion air valve (VA) and the recirculation valve (VR) based on the determined oxygen concentration (S5).

更に前記制御装置５は、第一流量計（Ａ１）や第二流量計（Ａ２）によって燃焼用空気の供給量を測定し（Ｓ６）、前記演算手段５２が、測定された燃焼用空気の供給量と予定供給量とを比較する（Ｓ７）。 Further, the control device 5 measures the supply amount of the combustion air by the first flow meter (A1) and the second flow meter (A2) (S6), and the arithmetic unit 52 supplies the measured combustion air supply. The quantity is compared with the planned supply quantity (S7).

測定された燃焼用空気の供給量が予定供給量の範囲内に無い場合、前記制御手段５３は、前記燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）と前記再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）の開度の変更を命令する（Ｓ８）。より具体的には、測定された燃焼用空気の供給量が予定値を超える場合には、前記燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）又は前記再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）のいずれか一方、又は両方の開度を下げ、測定された燃焼用空気の供給量が予定値未満の場合には、前記燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）又は前記再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）のいずれか一方、又は両方の開度を上げる。 When the measured supply amount of combustion air is not within the range of the planned supply amount, the control means 53 commands the change of the opening degree of the combustion air valve (VA) and the recirculation valve (VR). (S8). More specifically, when the measured supply amount of combustion air exceeds a predetermined value, one or both of the combustion air valve (VA) and the recirculation valve (VR) are opened. If the measured supply amount of combustion air is less than the predetermined value, either one of the combustion air valve (VA) or the recirculation valve (VR) or both of them are opened.

その後、一定時間経過すれば（Ｓ２）、ボイラ水蒸発量の測定（Ｓ９）以下の制御手順が繰り返される。 After that, when a certain period of time has passed (S2), the measurement procedure of the boiler water evaporation amount (S9) and the following control procedure are repeated.

このように、決定された酸素濃度に基づき、前記燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）と前記再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）の開度を命令した後（Ｓ５）、測定された燃焼用空気の供給量に応じて、前記燃焼用空気バルブ（ＶＡ）と前記再循環バルブ（ＶＲ）の開度の変更を命令する（Ｓ８）本発明制御方法によれば、燃焼用空気の供給量が確実に一定範囲となり、より一層燃焼状態を安定化することができる。 As described above, based on the determined oxygen concentration, after instructing the opening degree of the combustion air valve (VA) and the recirculation valve (VR) (S5), according to the measured supply amount of combustion air. Then, according to the control method of the present invention, an instruction to change the opening degree of the combustion air valve (VA) and the recirculation valve (VR) is made (S8). The combustion state can be further stabilized.

ところで、本実施形態においては、説明の便宜上、それぞれ「排ガス温度」、「排ガス流量」、「ボイラ水の蒸発量」の単一測定項目を燃焼条件再決定のファクターとしているが、測定項目を複数組み合わせて燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を決定しても良い。 By the way, in the present embodiment, for convenience of explanation, the single measurement items of "exhaust gas temperature", "exhaust gas flow rate", and "evaporation amount of boiler water" are used as factors for re-determining combustion conditions. The oxygen concentration of the combustion air may be determined in combination.

なお、本発明は、その精神又は主要な特徴から逸脱することなく、他のいろいろな形態で実施することができる。そのため、上述の実施形態はあらゆる点で単なる例示に過ぎず、限定的に解釈してはならない。本発明の範囲は特許請求の範囲によって示すものであって、明細書本文には何ら拘束されない。更に、特許請求の範囲の均等範囲に属する変形や変更は、すべて本発明の範囲内のものである。 The present invention can be implemented in various other modes without departing from the spirit or the main features thereof. Therefore, the above embodiments are merely examples in all respects, and should not be limitedly interpreted. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and is not bound by the text of the specification. Further, all modifications and changes belonging to the equivalent range of the claims are within the scope of the present invention.

本発明は、竪型ごみ焼却炉の燃焼状態を安定させる制御手段として好適に用いられる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION This invention is used suitably as a control means which stabilizes the combustion state of a vertical refuse incinerator.

１ 竪型ごみ焼却炉
１１ 炉
１２ 炉出口
１３ 整流装置
１４ ガス温度計
１５ ガス流量計
２ 廃熱ボイラ
２１ 蒸気流量計
３ エコノマイザ
４ バグフィルタ
５ 制御装置
５１ 記憶手段
５２ 演算手段
５３ 制御手段
ＡＬ 燃焼用空気供給ライン
ＧＬ 排ガスライン
ＳＬ 蒸気ライン
ＲＬ 排ガス再循環ライン
Ｗ 廃棄物
Ｗ１ 堆積層

1 Vertical Waste Incinerator 11 Furnace 12 Furnace Outlet 13 Rectifier 14 Gas Thermometer 15 Gas Flow Meter 2 Waste Heat Boiler 21 Steam Flow Meter 3 Economizer 4 Bag Filter 5 Controller 51 Storage Means 52 Calculation Means 53 Control Means AL For Combustion Air supply line GL Exhaust gas line SL Steam line RL Exhaust gas recirculation line W Waste W1 Deposit layer

Claims (4)

炉内に廃棄物を投入し、投入された廃棄物が形成する堆積層の下部より燃焼用空気を供給しながら廃棄物を燃焼させ、炉底部から焼却灰を順次排出することにより廃棄物を焼却処理する竪型ごみ焼却炉における燃焼制御方法であって、
燃焼用空気の供給量を一定範囲内で維持したうえで、
燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変えることによって、廃棄物の燃焼状態を制御することを特徴とする燃焼制御方法。 The waste is incinerated by injecting the waste into the furnace, burning it while supplying combustion air from the bottom of the sediment layer formed by the injected waste, and sequentially discharging the incineration ash from the bottom of the furnace. A combustion control method in a vertical refuse incinerator to be treated, comprising:
After maintaining the supply of combustion air within a certain range,
A combustion control method comprising controlling the combustion state of waste by changing the oxygen concentration of combustion air. 請求項１に記載の燃焼制御方法において、
廃棄物の燃焼によって生じた排ガスの流量又は温度に応じて燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変える燃焼制御方法。 The combustion control method according to claim 1, wherein
A combustion control method for changing the oxygen concentration of combustion air according to the flow rate or temperature of exhaust gas generated by combustion of waste. 請求項１又は２に記載の燃焼制御方法において、
前記竪型ごみ焼却炉に付帯された廃熱ボイラのボイラ水蒸発量に応じて燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変える燃焼制御方法。 The combustion control method according to claim 1,
A combustion control method for changing the oxygen concentration of combustion air according to the amount of boiler water evaporation of a waste heat boiler attached to the vertical refuse incinerator. 請求項１ないし３のいずれか１項に記載の燃焼制御方法において、
排ガスを再循環して燃焼用空気に混合することによって燃焼用空気の酸素濃度を変える燃焼制御方法。

The combustion control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A combustion control method for changing the oxygen concentration of combustion air by recirculating exhaust gas and mixing it with combustion air.

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