JP2019078205A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2019078205A
JP2019078205A JP2017204914A JP2017204914A JP2019078205A JP 2019078205 A JP2019078205 A JP 2019078205A JP 2017204914 A JP2017204914 A JP 2017204914A JP 2017204914 A JP2017204914 A JP 2017204914A JP 2019078205 A JP2019078205 A JP 2019078205A
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Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
fuel
intake
valve
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JP6295487B1 (en
Inventor
正裕 井尻
Masahiro Ijiri
正裕 井尻
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Priority to PCT/JP2018/000151 priority patent/WO2019082403A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/14Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using reverse-flow scavenging, e.g. with both outlet and inlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke
    • F02B25/16Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using reverse-flow scavenging, e.g. with both outlet and inlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke the charge flowing upward essentially along cylinder wall opposite the inlet ports
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B31/00Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder
    • F02B31/04Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder by means within the induction channel, e.g. deflectors
    • F02B31/06Movable means, e.g. butterfly valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/06Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/20Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps with pumping-cylinder axis arranged at an angle to working-cylinder axis, e.g. at an angle of 90 degrees
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D45/00Electrical control not provided for in groups F02D41/00 - F02D43/00
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

To provide a two-cycle internal combustion engine for which it is not necessary to mix a lubricant into intake air and in which soot is not generated in exhaust air.SOLUTION: In a two-cycle internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber is made substantially spherical, a suction valve and an exhaust valve are disposed radially in the combustion chamber, and an ignition plug or an injector is provided in the vicinity of an intersection with a cylinder shaft of the combustion chamber. A suction port is made into a tangential port, and scavenge air supply means is provided for supplying a fuel or the like of which the density is smaller than air like hydrogen, and further, supplying scavenge air of which the capacitance is greater than an exhaust amount. Thus, the fuel such as hydrogen is moved closer to the cylinder shaft and stratified combustion is performed by a centrifugal separation actuation of a strong swirl that is continued to the end of a compression process. The present invention also relates to a two-cycle or four-cycle internal combustion engine comprising combustion means in which an exhaust valve is opened/closed by cams provided on two camshafts and a suction valve is opened/closed by a hydraulic mechanism.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、2サイクル内燃機関の燃焼手段に関するものと、4サイクル内燃機関の燃焼手
段と弁駆動機構に関するものである。
The present invention relates to the combustion means of a two-stroke internal combustion engine, and to the combustion means and valve drive mechanism of a four-stroke internal combustion engine.

2サイクル内燃機関(2ストローク1サイクルエンジン)は、回転数当たり4サイクル内
燃機関の2倍の燃焼行程が発生するので大きな出力が得られるが、燃焼行程と圧縮行程と
の間に、排気を加圧された吸気でガス交換する掃気を行うので、燃焼行程と圧縮行程のス
トロークが縮減されるので、燃焼行程では膨張ストロークの減少による出力効率の低下、
圧縮行程圧では圧縮ストロークの短縮による圧縮比の低下が発生する。
クランクケースを掃気の加圧ポンプとする場合は、潤滑のために吸気(または燃料)に潤
滑油を混合する必要があり、吸排気方式に用いられるバルブレス・シリンダーポート方式
はシリンダ側面の吸排気の専用孔(ポート)の開閉に往復運動するピストンの側面を利用
するので、複雑な弁駆動機構が不要となる利点があるが、吸気に潤滑油を混入するので排
気で潤滑油を放出して潤滑油を消費する問題点がある。
更に、吸気に混入する潤滑油は燃焼により煤や有害物質を発生するので排気性状が悪化す
る問題点がある。
吸気で排気をガス交換する掃気は、短絡掃気による吹き抜けが発生するので掃気効率が低
下し、掃気にて完全なガス交換を行うにはシリンダ排気量より大きな容量の掃気が必要と
なり、過給を行う場合は、更に大容量の掃気供給手段が必要となる。
The two-stroke internal combustion engine (two-stroke one-stroke engine) generates twice as much combustion stroke as the four-stroke internal combustion engine per revolution, and thus a large output can be obtained. However, the exhaust is added between the combustion stroke and the compression stroke. Since the scavenging to exchange gas with pressurized intake is performed, the strokes of the combustion stroke and the compression stroke are reduced, so that the output stroke is reduced by the reduction of the expansion stroke in the combustion stroke,
At the compression stroke pressure, a reduction in the compression ratio occurs due to the shortening of the compression stroke.
When using a crankcase as a scavenging pressurized pump, it is necessary to mix lubricating oil into the intake air (or fuel) for lubrication, and the valveless cylinder port system used for the intake and exhaust system is an Since the side of the reciprocating piston is used to open and close the dedicated hole (port), there is an advantage that a complicated valve drive mechanism is not required. However, since the lubricating oil is mixed in the intake, the lubricating oil is released by the exhaust to lubricate There is a problem of consuming oil.
Furthermore, since lubricating oil mixed in the intake air generates soot and harmful substances by combustion, there is a problem that the exhaust property is deteriorated.
Scavenging in which exhaust gas is exchanged by intake causes blowout by short circuit scavenging, so scavenging efficiency decreases, and in order to complete gas exchange by scavenging, scavenging with a larger capacity than cylinder displacement is required, and supercharging In the case of carrying out, a larger capacity scavenging gas supply means is required.

エンジン特性に対応して過給容量を設定するようにした場合には、過給機の容量を必要以
上に大きくしなければならない場合があり、過給機が大型化するという問題点があり、排
気ガスにより回転駆動される過給機を備えた内燃機関において、該過給機と燃焼室との間
の吸気通路に、少なくとも1気筒のピストンストローク容積より大きい蓄圧室を設け、該
蓄圧室の上流側に逆止弁を配置して、エンジン1回転の間の要求過給量の均一化を図るこ
とができ、その分だけ過給機の容量を小さくでき、ひいては小型化に貢献できる過給機を
備えた内燃機関(特許文献1)がある。
圧縮点火“スプリットサイクル”エンジンにて、ダスト放出や窒素酸化物の放出の少ない
圧縮点火エンジンとし、更に、ターボスーパチャージャ(請求項12)により過給ができ
るスプリットサイクルエンジン(特許文献2)がある。
これらの過給機(特許文献1、特許文献2)は、シリンダ排気量より大きな容量のポンプ
能力を必要とするので、内燃機関の更なる小型化が困難となる問題点がある。
If the supercharging capacity is set according to the engine characteristics, the capacity of the supercharger may need to be increased more than necessary, and there is a problem that the supercharger becomes larger, In an internal combustion engine equipped with a turbocharger rotationally driven by exhaust gas, an accumulator chamber larger than a piston stroke volume of at least one cylinder is provided in an intake passage between the turbocharger and the combustion chamber, A check valve can be arranged on the upstream side to equalize the required supercharging amount during one rotation of the engine, and the capacity of the supercharger can be reduced by that amount, which can contribute to downsizing There is an internal combustion engine (Patent Document 1) equipped with a motor.
A compression-ignition "split-cycle" engine is a compression-ignition engine that emits less dust and releases nitrogen oxides, and there is also a split-cycle engine (Patent Document 2) that can be supercharged by a turbosupercharger (claim 12) .
Since these superchargers (patent documents 1 and 2) require a pump capacity of a capacity larger than the cylinder displacement, there is a problem that further miniaturization of the internal combustion engine becomes difficult.

内燃機関において、燃焼速度(火炎伝播速度)の向上を目的に、吸気流動である吸気スワ
ール(以下「スワール)という。)を減衰させずに燃焼行程に移行するためには、球面状
の燃焼室形状が望ましいが、従来の内燃機関ではエンジンに駆動されるカム機構の動作を
機械式の伝達機構により弁に伝達して弁の開閉を行うので、燃焼室形状がペントルーフ形
状に制約され、スワールには好ましくない形状に設計上制約される問題点がある。
この問題点の解決策として、前記機械式の伝動機構を流体圧式の伝動機構にすることによ
り、球面状の燃焼室と、前記燃焼室に放射状に配設される液体圧駆動式の弁と、エンジン
にて駆動されるカム機構と、前記カム機構の動作を、流体圧を介して前記弁に伝達して前
記弁を開閉させる流体機構とから成る内燃エンジン(特許文献3)がある。
燃焼室が球面状であるのでスワールの減衰を抑制できる効果と、燃焼室表面積が小さく冷
却損失の抑制効果がある。
また、流体圧式の伝動機構として、4サイクル内燃機関で駆動する容積型ポンプを、ロー
タと、管状のカムと、ロータの回転軸に設けたベーンまたはプランジャとで構成し、カム
を共用して多数の油圧回路を配置でき、簡素な構造により油圧供給手段の信頼性が高く、
小型で安価に製作できる内燃機関の弁駆動機構(特許文献4)がある。
In an internal combustion engine, in order to shift to a combustion stroke without attenuating an intake swirl (hereinafter referred to as "swirl"), which is an intake flow, for the purpose of improving a combustion speed (flame propagation speed), a spherical combustion chamber Although the shape is desirable, in the conventional internal combustion engine, the operation of the cam mechanism driven by the engine is transmitted to the valve by the mechanical transmission mechanism to open and close the valve, so the shape of the combustion chamber is restricted to the pentroof shape, causing swirl. There is a problem that the design is constrained by the undesirable shape.
As a solution to this problem, by making the mechanical transmission mechanism a hydraulic transmission mechanism, a spherical combustion chamber and a liquid pressure drive valve radially disposed in the combustion chamber, There is an internal combustion engine (Patent Document 3) including a cam mechanism driven by an engine and a fluid mechanism that transmits the operation of the cam mechanism to the valve via fluid pressure to open and close the valve.
Since the combustion chamber is spherical, there is an effect of suppressing the attenuation of the swirl, and a reduction in the surface area of the combustion chamber and the cooling loss.
Also, as a hydraulic type transmission mechanism, a positive displacement pump driven by a four-cycle internal combustion engine is composed of a rotor, a tubular cam, and vanes or plungers provided on the rotary shaft of the rotor. The hydraulic circuit can be arranged, and the simple structure makes the hydraulic supply means highly reliable.
There is a valve drive mechanism (patent document 4) of an internal combustion engine which can be made small and inexpensive.

内燃機関の燃焼として、燃焼範囲(Vol%)が水素(4.1〜75)はガソリン(1〜
7.8)より広く、最小着火エネルギ(mj)が水素(0.02)はガソリン(0.24
)より小さく、最大燃焼速度(cm/s)が水素(346)はガソリン(42)より大き
いので、水素は点火しやすく、爆風圧が大きい利点があるが、燃料としては発熱量が小さ
く、エネルギ密度が小さい問題点がある。
水素等の気体燃料を有効に利用して燃料混合気のリーンリミットを拡大し、熱効率の向上
と排気の改善とを実現させる目的で、燃料混合気を形成するための主燃料とは別の気体燃
料を筒内に添加する内燃機関の気体燃料添加方法であって、前記気体燃料を吸気行程中に
添加する第1 の添加行程と、前記気体燃料を圧縮行程中に添加する第2 の添加行程とを
備える内燃機関の気体燃料添加方法(特許文献5)がある。
ノッキングの発生を効果的に抑制する目的で、ガソリン燃料を前記シリンダ内に噴射する
筒内噴射ノズルと、水素燃料を吸気ポートにて噴射するポート噴射ノズルとを備える内燃
機関で、一つの前記シリンダに対して一対の前記吸気ポートおよび一対の前記吸気バルブ
が設けられ、前記吸気バルブの開閉を制御する制御手段を備え、且つ、ノッキングが発生
し易い運転領域にて、前記ポート噴射ノズルが前記吸気ポートにて水素燃料を噴射し、一
つの前記シリンダに設けられた一対の前記吸気バルブのうち一方の前記吸気バルブが開弁
すると共に他方の前記吸気バルブが閉弁して前記シリンダ内に吸気のスワールを発生させ
る内燃機関(特許文献6)がある。
As combustion of an internal combustion engine, the combustion range (Vol%) is hydrogen (4.1 to 75) gasoline (1 to
7.8) wider, the minimum ignition energy (mj) is hydrogen (0.02) gasoline (0.24
Because hydrogen is easier to ignite and has a larger blast pressure because hydrogen (346) is larger than gasoline (42) because it is smaller and the maximum burning rate (cm / s) is smaller, the calorific value as fuel is small, energy There is a problem of low density.
A gas different from the main fuel for forming the fuel mixture for the purpose of expanding the lean limit of the fuel mixture by effectively using gaseous fuel such as hydrogen and realizing the improvement of the thermal efficiency and the improvement of the exhaust A method of gaseous fuel addition of an internal combustion engine, wherein fuel is added into a cylinder, a first addition step of adding the gaseous fuel during an intake stroke, and a second addition step of adding the gaseous fuel during a compression stroke And a gaseous fuel addition method for an internal combustion engine (Patent Document 5).
An internal combustion engine comprising an in-cylinder injection nozzle for injecting gasoline fuel into the cylinder and a port injection nozzle for injecting hydrogen fuel at an intake port for the purpose of effectively suppressing the occurrence of knocking; A pair of intake ports and a pair of intake valves are provided, control means for controlling the opening and closing of the intake valves is provided, and the port injection nozzle performs intake The hydrogen fuel is injected at the port, and one of the intake valves of the pair of intake valves provided in one of the cylinders is opened and the other of the intake valves is closed to perform intake of air in the cylinder. There is an internal combustion engine (patent document 6) which generates a swirl.

ディーゼル機関の燃焼として、発火点が水素(500℃)はディーゼル燃料油(225℃
)より高いので、断熱圧縮の着火時の温度を制御して水素を予混合するディーゼル機関等
にてHCCIエンジン(予混合圧縮自動着火)またはSPCCIエンジン(火花制御によ
る圧縮着火燃焼)とすることにより燃焼性を改善できる。
広範囲の運転領域にわたり安定して運転できる予混合圧縮着火燃焼方式の内燃機関の制御
装置として、軽油又は軽油を含む混合燃料をエンジンに供給する燃料供給系と、水素をエ
ンジンに供給するガス供給系と、水素添加濃度によって変化する複数の燃焼波形を予めデ
ータとして有し利用する要求予混合ガス演算部とを備え、エンジンの状態に応じて熱効率
が高くなる様に、複数の燃焼波形の中から適切な一つを選択し、燃焼波形に一致する様に
エンジンに供給する水素添加濃度を決定することにより、PM及びNOxの生成量を低減
できるとともに、エンジンの熱効率を向上できる内燃機関の制御装置(特許文献7)があ
る。
僅かな含水素ガス添加量で熱効率の向上やスート排出量の低減などを目的に、気筒に連通
する複数の吸気ポートと、吸気に含水素ガスを添加する水素インジェクタと、気筒内に含
軽油燃料を噴射する燃料インジェクタと、を備え、複数の吸気ポートは、ヘリカルポート
であるセカンダリ吸気ポートとタンゼンシャルポートであるプライマリ吸気ポートを含み
、上記水素インジェクタは、これら吸気ポートのうち、セカンダリ吸気ポートを介して気
筒に導入される吸気にのみ含水素ガスを添加するディーゼル内燃機関(特許文献8)があ
る。
Hydrogen (500 ° C) of the ignition point is diesel fuel oil (225 ° C) as combustion of diesel engine
Because it is higher, the temperature at the time of adiabatic compression ignition is controlled to be a HCCI engine (premixed compression auto ignition) or an SPCCI engine (compressed ignition combustion by spark control) with a diesel engine etc. that pre-mixes hydrogen It can improve the flammability.
As a control device for a homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion type internal combustion engine capable of stably operating over a wide range of operation range, a fuel supply system for supplying light oil or a mixed fuel containing light oil to the engine, and a gas supply system for supplying hydrogen to the engine And a required premixed gas operation unit that has, as data, a plurality of combustion waveforms that change depending on the concentration of hydrogen addition, and the thermal efficiency is increased according to the state of the engine, from among the plurality of combustion waveforms A control device for an internal combustion engine capable of reducing the amount of PM and NOx produced and improving the thermal efficiency of the engine by selecting an appropriate one and determining the hydrogen addition concentration supplied to the engine so as to match the combustion waveform. (Patent Document 7).
For the purpose of improving thermal efficiency and reducing soot emissions with a small amount of hydrogen-containing gas added, multiple intake ports communicating with the cylinder, a hydrogen injector that adds hydrogen-containing gas to the intake, and light oil fuel And a plurality of intake ports include a secondary intake port which is a helical port and a primary intake port which is a tangential port, and the hydrogen injector is configured to set a secondary intake port among the intake ports. There is a diesel internal combustion engine (Patent Document 8) in which hydrogen-containing gas is added only to the intake air introduced into the cylinder via.

燃料の水素は燃料改質にて発生することもできるが、燃料を消費する問題点がある。
水素は水(電解液)を電気分解して水素と酸素を発生することもでき、電解液に超音波振
動を伝搬し、電極から効率よく水素と酸素または酸水素を発生できる酸水素発生装置(特
許文献9)があり、前記酸水素発生装置は水素、または酸水素を燃料とするハイブリッド
車両等に搭載できる。
Although fuel hydrogen can be generated by fuel reforming, there is a problem of consuming fuel.
Hydrogen can also electrolyze water (electrolyte solution) to generate hydrogen and oxygen, propagate ultrasonic vibration to the electrolyte, and efficiently generate hydrogen and oxygen or oxygen from the electrode. Patent Document 9) can be mounted on a hybrid vehicle or the like using hydrogen or hydrogen oxide as a fuel.

少量の燃料を燃焼室の中心に分布させて点火性を向上し、周囲の吸気と十分に混合して燃
焼効率を向上する、あるいは、水素は着火性がよく爆風圧が大きいので、先に水素雰囲気
に点火して燃焼速度を向上して他の燃料の燃焼を促進する等の前記従来技術において、火
花点火式、圧縮着火式に係らず、燃焼が始まる燃焼室の中央から燃焼性がよい燃料を層状
に配置し、且つ、吸気の酸素を有効に活用するために燃料と均一に混合することが望まれ
る。
この望ましい状況を実現するために、燃焼室を球面状または略円錐状の軸対称形状とし、
二つの吸気ポートから発生する強いスワールにて吸気と燃料を混合し、圧縮行程中に水素
等の空気より密度が小さい燃料を遠心分離作用により点火プラグまたはインジェクタを配
置した燃焼室のシリンダ軸近傍に集め、残余を燃料の濃度により層状に分離して成層燃焼
により燃焼性を向上する4サイクル内燃機関(特許文献10)がある。
前記4サイクル内燃機関では、吸入行程と圧縮行程での2ストローク間でスワールによる
遠心分離作用が働くが、2サイクル内燃機関では、排気行程と圧縮行程の間の掃気行程と
圧縮行程の1ストロークに満たない間となり、約半分のストロークとなるので前記遠心分
離作用が十分に働かない。
A small amount of fuel is distributed in the center of the combustion chamber to improve ignition performance, and sufficiently mixed with the surrounding intake air to improve combustion efficiency, or hydrogen has good ignition performance and a large blast pressure. In the above-mentioned prior art, such as ignition of the atmosphere to improve the combustion rate to promote the combustion of other fuels, regardless of spark ignition type or compression ignition type, fuel having good combustibility from the center of the combustion chamber where combustion starts It is desirable to arrange the U.S. in layers and mix them uniformly with the fuel to make effective use of the oxygen in the intake.
In order to realize this desirable situation, the combustion chamber is formed into a spherical or substantially conical axisymmetric shape,
The intake and fuel are mixed by the strong swirl generated from the two intake ports, and the fuel whose density is smaller than the air such as hydrogen is compressed by the centrifugal separation action near the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber where the spark plug or injector is arranged. There is a four-stroke internal combustion engine (Patent Document 10) in which the residue is separated into layers according to the concentration of fuel to improve the flammability by stratified combustion.
In the four-stroke internal combustion engine, the centrifugal separation action by swirl acts between two strokes in the intake stroke and the compression stroke, but in the two-stroke internal combustion engine, one stroke of the scavenging stroke between the exhaust stroke and the compression stroke and the compression stroke The centrifugal action does not work sufficiently because the stroke is less than half and the stroke is about half.

本発明の請求項1は、排気量より大きい容量の掃気を供給できる掃気供給手段を備えるこ
とにより、掃気の吹き抜けによる充填効率の低下を解消し、速度が減衰した初期流入吸気
を排出し、掃気行程中に流れる掃気量が増大するので吸気流入速度が増大した強いスワー
ルにより内燃機関の燃焼性を向上し、更に過給による出力増大効果によりダウンサイジン
グができる。
燃焼室形状を略球面状または略円錐状とし、燃焼室に放射状に吸気弁と排気弁を配置し、
点火プラグまたはインジェクタを前記燃焼室のシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設け、吸気ポー
トをシリンダ内にスワールを発生するタンゼンシャルポートとし、前記掃気供給手段によ
り、積極的に掃気の吹き抜けを行うことにより燃焼室に強いスワールを発生し、前記燃焼
室形状によりスワールが圧縮行程のTDCまで円滑に継続し、圧縮行程による燃焼室形状
のドーム状への変形によりスワールの縮径が発生し、シリンダの中心部に生じる強いスワ
ールの遠心分離作用により水素等の空気より密度の低い燃料を密度勾配に応じた層状に分
離し、燃焼性がよい水素等を燃焼室のシリンダ軸中心に集めて成層燃焼により燃焼性が向
上でき、更に火花点火式内燃機関またはディーゼル機関の燃料を供給する場合も燃焼性が
向上できる。
シリンダヘッドに前記吸気弁と排気弁を設けるので燃料に潤滑油を混合する必要が無く、
2サイクル内燃機関の問題点である排気に煤が発生する問題点が解消される。
本発明の請求項2は、掃気供給手段として、内燃機関にて駆動する圧縮機と、吸気通路に
空気流量増幅器を備えた簡素な構成の掃気増幅手段を設け、内燃機関の排気量以上の吸気
を供給できるので、吸気の吹き抜け分を補充して確実なガス交換により燃焼性を向上し、
排気弁閉鎖後に加圧掃気を供給して過給ができる。
本発明の請求項3は、複数の前記吸気弁と排気弁を交互に配置し、前記クランク軸により
同期回転駆動する2本のカム軸を設け、前記2本のカム軸に前記排気弁を開閉するカムを
各1個設け、前記吸気弁を逆止弁とするまたはカムで作動する油圧手段による前記吸気弁
の駆動機構を設け、シリンダ軸対称に発生するスワールにより燃焼性を向上できる。
本発明の請求項4は、電気的手段により運転する酸水素発生装置を設け、前記酸水素発生
装置で発生する酸水素、または水素と酸素を前記内燃機関に供給し、水素より保管が容易
な電解液貯蔵とし、電気的手段を利用したエネルギ回生手段にできる。
In the first aspect of the present invention, by providing the scavenging gas supply means capable of supplying scavenging gas having a capacity larger than the displacement, the reduction of the filling efficiency due to the scavenging blowout is eliminated, and the initially inflowing intake air whose speed is attenuated is discharged. Since the amount of scavenging air flowing during the stroke is increased, the strong swirl with increased intake air inflow speed improves the combustibility of the internal combustion engine, and further downsizing can be performed by the power increase effect by supercharging.
The combustion chamber has a substantially spherical or conical shape, and the intake and exhaust valves are radially arranged in the combustion chamber,
A spark plug or an injector is provided in the vicinity of the intersection with the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber, the intake port is a tangential port for generating swirl in the cylinder, and the scavenging air supply means actively performs scavenging of scavenging air. A strong swirl is generated in the combustion chamber, the swirl smoothly continues to the TDC of the compression stroke due to the shape of the combustion chamber, and a diameter reduction of the swirl occurs due to the deformation of the combustion chamber shape into a dome due to the compression stroke. The centrifugal separation action of the strong swirl generated in the part separates the fuel such as hydrogen and the density lower than air in layers according to the density gradient, collects hydrogen etc. with good combustibility in the cylinder axis center of the combustion chamber and burns by stratified combustion. As a result, the flammability can be improved even when fuel is supplied to a spark ignition type internal combustion engine or a diesel engine.
Since the cylinder head is provided with the intake and exhaust valves, there is no need to mix lubricating oil with fuel.
The problem of soot being generated in the exhaust, which is a problem of the two-stroke internal combustion engine, is eliminated.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, as a scavenging air supply means, a compressor driven by an internal combustion engine and a scavenging amplification means having a simple structure including an air flow rate amplifier in an intake passage are provided. The supply of air can be supplied, and the burnout of intake air can be replenished to improve combustibility by reliable gas exchange,
After the exhaust valve is closed, pressurized scavenging gas can be supplied for supercharging.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, a plurality of the intake valves and the exhaust valves are alternately arranged, and two camshafts rotationally driven synchronously by the crankshafts are provided, and the exhaust valves are opened and closed on the two camshafts. One cam can be provided and the intake valve can be a check valve or a drive mechanism of the intake valve by hydraulic means operated by the cam can be provided to improve the combustibility by the swirl generated in the cylinder axis symmetry.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, an oxyhydrogen generator operated by an electrical means is provided, and the oxyhydrogen generated by the oxyhydrogen generator, or hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the internal combustion engine, and storage is easier than hydrogen. It can be used as electrolytic solution storage and energy regeneration means using electrical means.

本発明の請求項5は、4サイクル内燃機関の燃焼室を略球面状または略円錐状とし、燃焼
室に放射状に複数の吸気弁と排気弁を交互に配置し、回転方向が同じスワールを発生する
複数のタンゼンシャルポートを設け、吸気系統および/または燃焼室に水素、メタンのよ
うに空気より密度が小さい燃料等を供給する内燃機関において、更に、前記前記往復動機
関のクランク軸の回転数の1/2の回転数で駆動される平行な2本のカム軸を設け、前記
2本のカム軸に前記排気弁を開閉するカムを設け、前記カムまたは別のカムで作動する油
圧手段により前記吸気弁を開閉し、シリンダ軸対称に発生するスワールにより燃焼性を向
上できる。
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the combustion chamber of the four-stroke internal combustion engine is substantially spherical or substantially conical, and a plurality of intake valves and exhaust valves are alternately arranged radially in the combustion chamber to generate swirls having the same rotational direction. In an internal combustion engine provided with a plurality of tangential ports for supplying hydrogen or fuel such as methane having a density smaller than air to an intake system and / or a combustion chamber, the rotation of the crankshaft of the reciprocating engine Two parallel camshafts driven at half the number of revolutions of the number are provided, and the two camshafts are provided with cams for opening and closing the exhaust valve, and hydraulic means operated by the cam or another cam As a result, the intake valve can be opened and closed, and the swirl that occurs symmetrically with respect to the cylinder can improve the combustibility.

特開平7−317555号公報JP-A-7-317555 特表2013−505396号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-505396 実開平02−096403号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 02-096403 特許第6190997号公報Patent No. 6190997 特開2004−076679号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-076679 特開2010−216395号公報Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2010-216395 特開2010−255442号公報JP, 2010-255442, A 特開2013−83193号公報JP, 2013-83193, A 特許第6097987号公報Patent No. 6097987 特許第6209802号公報Patent No. 6209802

従来の内燃機関は、燃焼室の点火プラグ附近に燃料を効率よく確実に集めることができず
、火炎伝播が周方向に均一になる可燃層を形成できないので燃焼効率の向上が困難である
問題点がある。
In the conventional internal combustion engine, the fuel can not be collected efficiently and reliably near the spark plug in the combustion chamber, and the combustion efficiency can not be improved because the combustible layer which makes the flame propagation uniform in the circumferential direction can not be formed. There is.

請求項1は、シリンダヘッドに吸気弁と排気弁を設けた2サイクル内燃機関において、排
気量より大きい容量の掃気を供給できる掃気供給手段を備え、燃焼室を略球面状または略
円錐状とし、前記燃焼室に放射状に吸気弁と排気弁を配置し、点火プラグまたはインジェ
クタを前記燃焼室のシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設け、吸気ポートをシリンダ内にスワール
を発生させるタンゼンシャルポートとし、水素、メタンのように空気より密度が小さい燃
料、または前記空気より密度が小さい燃料と火花点火式内燃機関またはディーゼル機関の
燃料を吸気系統および/または前記燃焼室に供給し、前記内燃機関の運転状況に応じて前
記燃料の供給を制御する2サイクル内燃機関である。
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a two-stroke internal combustion engine provided with an intake valve and an exhaust valve in a cylinder head is provided with scavenging air supply means capable of supplying scavenging air having a volume larger than the exhaust amount. An intake valve and an exhaust valve are radially arranged in the combustion chamber, an ignition plug or an injector is provided in the vicinity of an intersection with the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber, and an intake port is a tangential port for generating swirl in the cylinder. , A fuel having a density smaller than air, such as methane, or a fuel having a density lower than the air and a fuel of a spark ignition type internal combustion engine or a diesel engine are supplied to an intake system and / or the combustion chamber, and the operating condition of the internal combustion engine The two-stroke internal combustion engine controls the fuel supply according to the above.

請求項2は、前記掃気供給手段として、前記内燃機関にて駆動する圧縮機と、吸気通路に
掃気増幅手段を設け、前記掃気増幅手段は、逆止弁と前記逆止弁の下流に設けた空気流量
増幅器から成り、前記空気流量増幅器の駆動流通路を前記圧縮機の吐出口に連通する請求
項1に記載の2サイクル内燃機関である。
A second aspect of the present invention is that the compressor driven by the internal combustion engine as the scavenging air supply means and scavenging amplification means are provided in the intake passage, and the scavenging amplification means is provided downstream of the check valve and the check valve The two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1, comprising an air flow amplifier, wherein a drive flow passage of the air flow amplifier is in communication with an outlet of the compressor.

請求項3は、前記燃焼室に放射状に複数の前記吸気弁と排気弁を交互に配置し、クランク
軸の回転数と同じ回転数で連動する平行な2本のカム軸を設け、前記排気弁を前記2本の
各カム軸に設けたカムにより開閉し、前記吸気弁を逆止弁とする、または前記カムまたは
前記カムとは別のカムに連動する油圧手段により開閉する請求項1はたは請求項2に記載
の2サイクル内燃機関である。
A plurality of intake valves and exhaust valves are alternately arranged radially in the combustion chamber, and two parallel camshafts interlocking at the same rotational speed as the rotational speed of the crankshaft are provided, and the exhaust valve The valve may be opened and closed by a cam provided on each of the two camshafts, and the intake valve may be a check valve, or may be opened and closed by a hydraulic means interlocking with the cam or a cam other than the cam. Is a two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 2.

請求項4は、前記内燃機関に電気的手段により運転する酸水素発生装置を設け、前記酸水
素発生装置で発生する水素または酸水素を、前記空気より密度が小さい燃料として供給す
る請求項1〜3に記載の2サイクル内燃機関である。
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the internal combustion engine is provided with an oxyhydrogen generator operated by electrical means, and hydrogen or oxyhydrogen generated by the oxyhydrogen generator is supplied as a fuel having a density smaller than that of the air. It is a two-stroke internal combustion engine described in 3.

請求項5は、4サイクル内燃機関において、燃焼室を略球面状または略円錐状とし、前記
燃焼室に放射状に複数の吸気弁と排気弁を交互に配置し、点火プラグまたはインジェクタ
を前記燃焼室のシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設け、吸気ポートをシリンダ内にスワールを発
生させるタンゼンシャルポートとし、水素、メタンのように空気より密度が小さい燃料、
または前記空気より密度が小さい燃料と火花点火式内燃機関またはディーゼル機関の燃料
を吸気系統および/または前記燃焼室に供給し、前記内燃機関の運転状況に応じて前記燃
料の供給を制御し、更に、クランク軸の回転数の1/2の回転数で連動する平行な2本の
カム軸を設け、前記排気弁を前記2本の各カム軸に設けたカムにより開閉し、前記吸気弁
を前記カムまたは前記カムとは別のカムに連動する油圧手段により開閉する4サイクル内
燃機関である。
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the four-stroke internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber is substantially spherical or substantially conical, and a plurality of intake valves and exhaust valves are alternately arranged radially in the combustion chamber, and an ignition plug or an injector is Near the point of intersection with the cylinder axis of the cylinder, the intake port is a tangential port that generates swirl in the cylinder, and the fuel has a density smaller than air, such as hydrogen and methane,
Alternatively, the fuel having a density smaller than the air and the fuel of a spark ignition type internal combustion engine or a diesel engine are supplied to the intake system and / or the combustion chamber, and the supply of the fuel is controlled according to the operating condition of the internal combustion engine Providing two parallel camshafts interlocking at a rotational speed of 1/2 of the rotational speed of the crankshaft, opening and closing the exhaust valve by a cam provided on each of the two camshafts, and It is a four-stroke internal combustion engine which is opened and closed by a cam or a hydraulic means linked to a cam other than the cam.

本発明の請求項1は、シリンダヘッドに吸気弁と排気弁を設けてクランクケースをポンプ
室としないので、吸気に潤滑油を混合する必要がなく排気に煤が発生する問題点が解消で
きる。
燃焼室を略球面状または略円錐状とし、燃焼室に放射状に吸気弁と排気弁を配置し、点火
プラグまたはインジェクタを前記燃焼室のシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設け、吸気ポートを
シリンダ内にスワールを発生するタンゼンシャルポートとし、水素、メタンのように空気
より密度が小さい燃料等を気系統および/または前記燃焼室に供給することにより、燃焼
室に発生する吸気スワールにより、前記水素等の空気より密度が小さい燃料を、遠心分離
作用により点火プラグまたはインジェクタを設けたシリンダ軸側に移動し、図3と図4に
示すように、燃焼室形状は巨視的にみると圧縮行程にて略円筒状から略球面ドーム状に変
化するので、吸気の径方向の燃料の層状分布は周辺部から中心部に移動し、スワールの旋
回径が運動エネルギを保持して縮径するので角速度が大きくなり回転数が増大し、サイク
ロン効果のように遠心力の増大により強い遠心分離作用が発生する燃焼手段は4ストロー
ク内燃機関の特許文献10と同じであるが、本願発明の2ストローク内燃機関では、前記
遠心分離作用を4ストローク内燃機関の約半分の1ストロークで行うので十分に行えない
問題点がる。
そこで、排気量より大きい容量の掃気を供給できる掃気供給手段を設け、掃気行程で供給
する掃気量を大きくすることにより掃気流入速度を増大し、排気との衝突によりスワール
の速度が低下した流入初期の掃気流を吹き抜けによる短絡掃気として放出して強いスワー
ルとし、前記燃焼室形状により圧縮行程終了時までスワールの回転運動を阻害されること
なく前記強いスワールが継続できる。
前記強いスワールによる遠心分離作用により、気体の密度勾配に応じて前記水素等の燃料
は図5に示すように層状に分離し、中心部に高濃度可燃層を形成し、燃焼室のシリンダ軸
との交点近傍に設けた前記点火プラグまたはインジェクタの発火部に集まる。
前記遠心分離作用によりシリンダ軸側に図6に示すように密度(分子量)の小さい水素等
の高濃度層を形成し、その周辺に水素より密度が大きい主燃料の可燃層を形成して、水素
の確実で速い火炎伝播により前記主燃料の燃焼を促進する効果があり、ディーゼル機関で
は回転数の増大が可能となり出力増大効果がある。
水素等の前記高濃度可燃層にて確実に点火または着火ができ、火炎伝播は周方向に均等に
順次高濃度層側から低濃度層に伝播し、最外側の超低濃度層では燃焼温度が低いので火炎
伝播による燃焼室壁面の温度上昇が抑制されるので冷却損失を抑制し、前記成層燃焼によ
り燃焼性が向上する効果との相乗効果により内燃機関の熱効率が増大する。
火炎伝播の到達する以前に急激に残りの未燃混合気が燃焼するノッキング現象は、密度勾
配に応じた前記成層燃焼(最外層の超低濃度層)によりノッキング抑制効果がある。
水素を燃料とする場合は燃焼により水が発生し、少量の水または水蒸気は燃焼を助ける効
果があるので排気性状が改善し、水は水蒸気になると約1700倍に膨張して内燃機関の
筒内圧力を増大するので出力増大効果がある。
In the first aspect of the present invention, since the intake valve and the exhaust valve are provided in the cylinder head and the crankcase is not used as the pump chamber, it is not necessary to mix lubricating oil into the intake, and the problem of generating soot in the exhaust can be solved.
The combustion chamber has a substantially spherical or substantially conical shape, the intake valve and the exhaust valve are radially arranged in the combustion chamber, the spark plug or the injector is provided in the vicinity of the intersection with the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber, and the intake port is in the cylinder. It is a tangential port that generates swirl, and hydrogen and other fuels with a density smaller than air such as methane are supplied to the air system and / or the combustion chamber, so that the hydrogen etc. is generated by the intake swirl generated in the combustion chamber. The fuel whose density is smaller than that of the air is moved to the cylinder shaft side provided with the spark plug or injector by centrifugal separation, and as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the shape of the combustion chamber macroscopically Since it changes from a substantially cylindrical shape to a substantially spherical dome shape, the laminar distribution of fuel in the radial direction of intake moves from the peripheral portion to the central portion, and the swirling diameter of the swirl holds kinetic energy. Because the diameter decreases, the angular velocity increases and the rotational speed increases, and the combustion means that produces a strong centrifugal separation effect due to the increase of centrifugal force like the cyclone effect is the same as Patent Document 10 of the four-stroke internal combustion engine In the two-stroke internal combustion engine of the present invention, the centrifugal separation operation is performed in about one half stroke of the four-stroke internal combustion engine, which is not sufficient.
Therefore, a scavenging air supply means capable of supplying scavenging air with a capacity larger than the exhaust gas volume is provided, and the scavenging air inflow speed is increased by increasing the scavenging air amount supplied in the scavenging stroke. The scavenging air flow is discharged as a short circuit scavenging air due to the blowout to make a strong swirl, and the strong swirl can be continued without the rotational movement of the swirl being inhibited by the shape of the combustion chamber until the end of the compression stroke.
Due to the centrifugal action by the strong swirl, the fuel such as hydrogen is separated into layers as shown in FIG. 5 according to the density gradient of the gas, forming a high concentration combustible layer in the center, and the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber Collecting at the ignition part of the spark plug or the injector provided near the intersection of
As shown in FIG. 6, a high concentration layer of hydrogen or the like having a small density (molecular weight) is formed on the cylinder axis side by the centrifugal separation action, and a combustible layer of main fuel having a density higher than hydrogen is formed around In the diesel engine, the rotation speed can be increased and the output can be increased.
The high concentration combustible layer such as hydrogen can be ignited or ignited with certainty, flame propagation propagates uniformly in the circumferential direction sequentially from the high concentration layer side to the low concentration layer, and in the outermost ultra low concentration layer the combustion temperature is Since the temperature rise of the combustion chamber wall surface by flame propagation is suppressed since it is low, cooling loss is suppressed, and the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine is increased by the synergistic effect with the effect of improving the combustibility by the stratified combustion.
The knocking phenomenon in which the remaining unburned air-fuel mixture burns rapidly before reaching the flame propagation has a knocking suppression effect due to the stratified combustion (ultra-low concentration layer in the outermost layer) according to the density gradient.
When using hydrogen as fuel, water is generated by combustion, and a small amount of water or steam has the effect of assisting combustion, so the exhaust properties are improved, and when water turns into steam, it expands about 1700 times and is in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine Since the pressure is increased, there is an output increase effect.

本発明の請求項2は、圧縮機で発生する圧縮空気を駆動流とする空気流量増幅器から成る
掃気増幅手段により、簡素で小さな容量の圧縮機で内燃機関の排気量以上の掃気を供給で
きる効果がある。
前記掃気増幅手段は吸気通路の下流側に逆止弁を設け、空気流量増幅器の逆流量増幅現象
(下流側の圧力上昇により流れが反転し、上流側に流量増幅を伴って逆流する現象)を防
止し、逆止弁により高圧の駆動流を直接シリンダに流入して過給効果が発生する。
2サイクル内燃機関の掃気を、前記大容量の吸気により吹き抜けを伴っても十分に排気を
排出でき、完全なガス交換を行うことができるので燃焼性が向上し、出力増大効果がある

駆動流通路に燃料を掃気タイミング後半に供給し、過給と同時に駆動流により前記燃料を
吸気に均一に予混合できるので、吸気中の酸素を効率よく燃焼に利用できる。
図20に示すように、燃焼室の温度制御等によりHCCIエンジン(予混合圧縮自動着火
)またはSPCCIエンジン(火花制御による圧縮着火燃焼)とすることにより燃焼性の
改善と出力の向上の効果がある。
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the scavenging air amplification means comprising an air flow amplifier having the compressed air generated by the compressor as a driving flow is capable of supplying scavenging air exceeding the displacement of the internal combustion engine with a simple small displacement compressor. There is.
The scavenging air amplification means is provided with a check valve on the downstream side of the intake passage, and a reverse flow amplification phenomenon of the air flow amplifier (a flow is reversed due to the pressure increase on the downstream side and a backflow phenomenon with flow amplification on the upstream side) The high pressure drive flow directly flows into the cylinder by the check valve to generate the supercharging effect.
Since the scavenging of the two-stroke internal combustion engine can exhaust the exhaust gas sufficiently even with the blow-by by the large capacity intake and complete gas exchange can be performed, the combustibility is improved and the power is increased.
Since fuel can be supplied to the drive flow passage in the latter half of the scavenging timing and the fuel can be uniformly premixed in the intake air by the drive flow simultaneously with supercharging, oxygen in the intake air can be efficiently used for combustion.
As shown in FIG. 20, the HCCI engine (premixed compression auto-ignition) or SPCCI engine (compression-ignition combustion by spark control) with the temperature control of the combustion chamber has the effect of improving the combustibility and the output. .

本発明の請求項3は、複数の前記吸気弁と排気弁を交互に配置し、前記クランク軸により
同期回転駆動する2本のカム軸を設け、前記2本のカム軸に前記排気弁を開閉するカムを
各1個設け、前記吸気弁を逆止弁とするまたはカムで作動する油圧手段による前記吸気弁
の駆動機構を設け、シリンダ軸対称に発生するスワールにより燃焼性を向上でき、弁の開
弁時に排気圧が作用する排気弁をカム駆動とすることにより高速高負荷運転時の信頼性が
向上する。
According to a third aspect of the present invention, a plurality of the intake valves and the exhaust valves are alternately arranged, and two camshafts rotationally driven synchronously by the crankshafts are provided, and the exhaust valves are opened and closed on the two camshafts. The intake valve is provided as a check valve or the drive mechanism of the intake valve is provided by a hydraulic means operated by the cam, and the combustibility can be improved by the swirl generated in the cylinder axis symmetry. By driving the exhaust valve to which the exhaust pressure acts when the valve is opened as a cam drive, the reliability in high speed and high load operation is improved.

本発明の請求項4は、前記内燃機関に電気的手段により運転する酸水素発生装置を設け、
前記酸水素発生装置で発生する水素または酸水素を、前記空気より密度が小さい燃料とし
て供給することにより、水素の自給または補充量を減少でき、前記酸水素発生装置を運転
する電気的手段に回生エネルギを利用し、2次電池の電気容量を抑制できる効果がある。
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the internal combustion engine is provided with an oxyhydrogen generator operated by electrical means,
By supplying hydrogen or oxyhydrogen generated by the oxyhydrogen generator as a fuel having a density smaller than that of the air, it is possible to reduce the self-supply or replenishment amount of hydrogen, and the electric means for operating the oxyhydrogen generator is regenerated The energy can be used to suppress the electric capacity of the secondary battery.

本発明の請求項5は、4サイクル内燃機関の燃焼室を略球面状または略円錐状とし、燃焼
室に放射状に複数の吸気弁と排気弁を交互に配置し、クランク軸の回転数の1/2の回転
数で駆動される2本のカム軸を設け、前記2本のカム軸に前記排気弁を開閉するカムを各
1個設け、前記吸気弁をカムで作動する油圧手段による前記吸気弁の駆動機構を設けるの
で、シリンダ軸に対向配置したタンゼンシャルポートにより発生する強いスワールにより
燃焼性を向上でき、開弁時に排気圧が作用する排気弁をカム駆動とすることにより高速高
負荷運転時の信頼性が向上する。
4サイクルと2サイクルの違いがあるが、前記請求項1と請求項3と同様の作用による効
果がある。
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the combustion chamber of the four-stroke internal combustion engine is substantially spherical or substantially conical, and a plurality of intake valves and exhaust valves are alternately arranged radially in the combustion chamber. Provided with two camshafts driven at a rotational speed of 1/2, each cam provided with one cam for opening and closing the exhaust valve, and the intake by hydraulic means operating the intake valve with the cam Since the drive mechanism of the valve is provided, the strong swirl generated by the tangential port arranged opposite to the cylinder axis can improve the combustibility, and the exhaust valve acting on the exhaust pressure at the time of valve opening is cam driven, high speed and high load Reliability during driving is improved.
Although there is a difference between 4 cycles and 2 cycles, there is an effect by the same action as in claims 1 and 3 above.

実施例1(請求項1対応)の、略球面状の燃焼室に放射状に配置した吸気弁と排気弁、およびタンゼンシャル吸気ポートを設け、水素燃料を供給する2サイクル内燃機関の構成概念の説明図である。Explanatory drawing of the construction concept of a two-stroke internal combustion engine provided with an intake valve and an exhaust valve radially disposed in a substantially spherical combustion chamber and a tangential intake port according to Embodiment 1 (corresponding to claim 1) to supply hydrogen fuel. It is. 実施例2(請求項1対応)の、略球面状の燃焼室にタンゼンシャルポートを設けた水素とガソリンを燃料とする内燃機関の平面図と周辺回路図である。FIG. 7 is a plan view and a peripheral circuit diagram of an internal combustion engine using a hydrogen and a gasoline as fuel, in which tangential ports are provided in a substantially spherical combustion chamber according to Embodiment 2 (corresponding to claim 1). 前記実施例2(図15)の燃焼室の、圧縮行程の排気終了後の掃気中(P1)と圧縮行程の掃気終了後(P2)の各掃気挙動(スワール)の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of each scavenging behavior (swirl) during scavenging (P1) after the completion | finish of exhaust_gas | exhaustion of the compression stroke of the combustion chamber of the said Example 2 (FIG. 15), and scavenging completion (P2) of a compression stroke. 前記実施例2(図15)の燃焼室の排気終了時(U1)と圧縮終了時(U2)の容積図、と圧縮行程の試算による径方向容積占有率の変化の説明図(U3)である。FIG. 16 is a volume diagram at the end of exhaust (U1) and at the end of compression (U2) of the combustion chamber of the second embodiment (FIG. 15), and an explanatory view (U3) of the change in radial volume occupancy by trial calculation of the compression stroke. . 前記実施例2(図15)の、TDCの水素の各燃料濃度層の分布状況と点火時の高速火炎伝播の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the distribution condition of each fuel concentration layer of the hydrogen of TDC of the said Example 2 (FIG. 15), and the high-speed flame propagation at the time of ignition. 前記実施例2(図15)の内燃機関等の燃料と空気の特性図で、燃料は燃焼範囲と密度、空気は組成割合と密度を示す。FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram of fuel and air of the internal combustion engine etc. of the second embodiment (FIG. 15), wherein the fuel shows the combustion range and the density, and the air shows the composition ratio and the density. 実施例3(請求項1対応)の往復圧縮機、吸排気の弁と通路の配置を示す3気筒内燃機関の平面図と、掃気増幅手段と容積型油圧供給手段等の周辺回路図である。FIG. 14 is a plan view of a three-cylinder internal combustion engine showing the arrangement of a reciprocating compressor, intake and exhaust valves and passages according to a third embodiment (corresponding to claim 1), and peripheral circuits such as scavenging air amplification means and positive displacement hydraulic pressure supply means. 前記実施例3(図7)のJ−J断面の吸気弁と排気弁の冷却手段を設けた前記内燃機関の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the said internal combustion engine which provided the cooling means of the inlet valve and exhaust valve of the JJ cross section of the said Example 3 (FIG. 7). 実施例4(請求項2対応)の逆止弁と空気流量増幅器から成る掃気増幅手段と、クランク軸より位相が進んだ往復圧縮機とを備えた2サイクル内燃機関の構成概念の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the construction concept of the 2 cycle internal combustion engine provided with the scavenging-gas amplification means which consists of a non-return valve of Example 4 (corresponding to claim 2) and an air flow rate amplifier, and a reciprocating compressor whose phase advanced from the crankshaft. . 前記実施例4(図9)の掃気増幅手段の構成例で、空気流量増幅器の流量増幅比の小さい順にエジェクタ(A)、従来技術のフロートランスベクタ(B)とトランスベクタ(C)と逆止弁の構成説明図である。In the configuration example of the scavenging air amplification means of the fourth embodiment (FIG. 9), the ejector (A) and the flow transvector (B) and the transvector (C) of the prior art are reversed in ascending order of flow amplification ratio of the air flow amplifier. It is structure explanatory drawing of a valve. 前記実施例4(図9)の内燃機関の、排気行程初期(S1)、掃気行程(S2)、および圧縮行程(S3)の掃気増幅手段の動作説明図である。FIG. 14 is an operation explanatory view of scavenging amplification means of the exhaust stroke initial (S1), scavenging stroke (S2), and compression stroke (S3) of the internal combustion engine of the fourth embodiment (FIG. 9). 前記実施例4(図9)の内燃機関のタイミングダイアグラムである。It is a timing diagram of the internal combustion engine of the said Example 4 (FIG. 9). 前記実施例4(図9)の往復圧縮機と掃気増幅手段を設けた内燃機関の各部のタイミングチャートと試算による筒内圧力である。It is a cylinder pressure by trial calculation and the timing chart of each part of the internal combustion engine which provided the reciprocating compressor and scavenging air amplification means of said Example 4 (FIG. 9). 前記実施例4(図9)の掃気増幅手段を設けた内燃機関の高速回転時の試算によるPV線図である。It is a PV diagram by trial calculation at the time of high speed rotation of an internal combustion engine provided with the scavenging air amplification means of the fourth embodiment (FIG. 9). 実施例5(請求項2対応)の、リフト逆止弁と従来技術のトランスベクタを設けた掃気増幅手段と往復圧縮機を設けた内燃機関の断面図である。FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of an internal combustion engine provided with scavenging amplification means provided with a lift check valve and a prior art transformer vector, and a reciprocating compressor, according to a fifth embodiment (corresponding to claim 2). 前記実施例5(図15)の従来技術の可変ノズル型のトランスベクタとリフト逆止弁で構成される掃気増幅手段の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the scavenging air amplification means comprised with the variable nozzle type transvector and lift check valve of the prior art of the said Example 5 (FIG. 15). 実施例6(請求項2対応)の掃気増幅手段と往復圧縮機を設けた2気筒内燃機関1kの構成説明図の平面図(1)、K−K断面図(2)、L−L断面図(3)である。A plan view (1), a K-K cross-sectional view (2), and an L-L cross-sectional view of a configuration explanatory view of a two-cylinder internal combustion engine 1k provided with the scavenging air amplification means of the sixth embodiment (corresponding to claim 2) and a reciprocating compressor. (3). 前記実施例6(図17)の内燃機関の各気筒のタイミングチャートと試算による筒内圧力である。They are the in-cylinder pressure by trial calculation and the timing chart of each cylinder of the internal combustion engine of the said Example 6 (FIG. 17). 実施例7(請求項2対応)の掃気増幅手段と往復圧縮機を設けた3気筒内燃機関の構成説明図の平面図(1)とM−M断面図(2)である。It is a top view (1) and MM sectional drawing (2) of structure explanatory drawing of 3 cylinder internal combustion engine which provided the scavenging air amplification means of Example 7 (corresponding to claim 2), and the reciprocating compressor. 実施例8(請求項2対応)の往復圧縮機と、掃気増幅手段に制御弁を設けた2サイクル内燃機関の構成概念の説明図である。FIG. 18 is an explanatory view of a configuration concept of a two-stroke internal combustion engine in which a reciprocating compressor according to an eighth embodiment (corresponding to claim 2) and a control valve are provided to a scavenging air amplification means. 前記実施例8(図20)の掃気増幅手段に設けた制御弁による掃気の流量増幅抑制時の試算によるPV線図である。FIG. 21 is a PV diagram based on a trial calculation at the time of flow rate amplification suppression of scavenging air by a control valve provided in the scavenging air amplification means of the eighth embodiment (FIG. 20). 実施例9(請求項3対応)の燃焼室に放射状に複数の吸気弁と排気弁を交互に配置し、排気弁を2本の各カム軸に設けたカムにより開閉し、吸気弁を逆止弁とする掃気増幅手段を設けた2気筒2サイクル内燃機関の構成概念の説明図である。A plurality of intake valves and exhaust valves are alternately arranged radially in the combustion chamber of the ninth embodiment (corresponding to claim 3), the exhaust valves are opened and closed by cams provided on each of two camshafts, and the intake valves are nonreturned. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a configuration concept of a two-cylinder two-stroke internal combustion engine provided with a scavenging air amplification means as a valve. 実施例10(請求項3対応)の2本のカム軸により、排気弁がカム駆動で吸気弁が油圧手段を介して油圧駆動する2気筒2サイクル内燃機関の平面図と周辺回路図である。FIG. 24 is a plan view and a peripheral circuit diagram of a two-cylinder two-stroke internal combustion engine in which an exhaust valve is cam-driven and an intake valve is hydraulically driven via hydraulic means by two camshafts of Embodiment 10 (corresponding to claim 3). 前記実施例10(図23)の、TDCの各燃料濃度層の分布状況と水素可燃層の点火時のSPCCIエンジン(火花制御による圧縮着火燃焼)の説明図である。FIG. 24 is an explanatory view of a distribution state of fuel concentration layers of TDC and an SPCCI engine (compression ignition combustion by spark control) at the time of ignition of a hydrogen combustible layer in the tenth embodiment (FIG. 23). 実施例11(請求項4対応)の掃気増幅手段と酸水素発生装置を備えた水素を燃料とする内燃機関の構成概念の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the structural concept of the internal combustion engine which uses hydrogen as a fuel provided with the scavenging air amplification means and the oxyhydrogen generator of Example 11 (corresponding to Claim 4). 実施例12(請求項4対応)の、従来技術の電解液に超音波を付加する酸水素発生装置の構成概念の説明図で、前記実施例11(図2)の前記酸水素発生装置の一例である。FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a conceptual configuration of an oxyhydrogen generator for adding an ultrasonic wave to a prior art electrolytic solution of Example 12 (corresponding to claim 4), showing one example of the oxyhydrogen generator of Example 11 (FIG. 2). It is. 実施例13(請求項4対応)の掃気増幅手段、酸水素発生装置、と回生手段を設けたハイブリッド車両の火花点火式内燃機関の構成概念の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the construction concept of the spark-ignition internal combustion engine of the hybrid vehicle which provided the scavenging air amplification means, the oxyhydrogen generator, and the regeneration means of Example 13 (corresponding to Claim 4). 前記実施例13(図26)の前記ハイブリッド車両の内燃機関で、HCCIエンジンまたはSPCCIエンジンとして運転できる制御システムの構成概念の説明図である。FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration concept of a control system which can be operated as an HCCI engine or an SPCCI engine in the internal combustion engine of the hybrid vehicle in the thirteenth embodiment (FIG. 26). 前記実施例13の内燃機関1tを組み込んだ前記ハイブリッド車両の内燃機関の制御システムをHCCIエンジンまたはSPCCIエンジンとして運転する制御フローチャートである。FIG. 33 is a control flowchart for operating the control system of the internal combustion engine of the hybrid vehicle incorporating the internal combustion engine 1t of the thirteenth embodiment as an HCCI engine or an SPCCI engine. 実施例14請求項5対応)の、略球形の燃焼室に吸気弁と排気弁を放射状に配置し、2本のカム軸の各カムで各排気弁の開閉と油圧手段を介して各吸気弁を開閉する4サイクル内燃機関の構成概念の説明図である。The intake valve and the exhaust valve are arranged radially in the substantially spherical combustion chamber of the fourteenth embodiment (corresponding to claim 5), and the respective cams of the two camshafts open and close the respective exhaust valves and the respective intake valves via hydraulic means. It is explanatory drawing of the structural concept of 4 cycle internal combustion engine which opens and closes. 前記実施例14(図30)の、TDCの水素の各燃料濃度層の分布状況と燃料噴射時のHCCIエンジンの燃焼の説明図である。FIG. 31 is an explanatory view of a distribution state of fuel concentration layers of hydrogen of TDC and combustion of an HCCI engine at the time of fuel injection in the fourteenth embodiment (FIG. 30). 実施例15請求項5対応)の、2本のカム軸に設けた各カムにより排気弁を開閉し、前記カムとは別のカムにより油圧手段を介して吸気弁を開閉する4サイクル内燃機関の平面図と周辺回路図である。Embodiment 15: A four-stroke internal combustion engine which opens and closes an exhaust valve by means of cams provided on two camshafts, and opens and closes an intake valve through hydraulic means by means of a cam different from the cam. It is a top view and a peripheral circuit diagram. 前記実施例15(図32)の、TDCの各燃料濃度層の分布状況と水素可燃層の点火時のSPCCIエンジン(火花制御による圧縮着火燃焼)の説明図である。FIG. 32 is an explanatory view of a distribution state of fuel concentration layers of TDC and an SPCCI engine (compression ignition combustion by spark control) at the time of ignition of a hydrogen combustible layer in the fifteenth embodiment (FIG. 32).

前記図面(図1〜33)に従って、本願発明の各実施例(実施例1〜15)を、以下に説
明する。
以下に説明する実施例は、制約が無い限り内燃機関は火花点火式内燃機関でもディーゼル
機関でもよく、燃料供給は吸気系統および/または燃焼室でもよく、容積型油圧供給手段
の油圧ポンプはベーンポンプでもプランジャーポンプでもよい。
Each Example (Examples 1-15) of this invention is described below according to the said drawing (FIGS. 1-33).
In the embodiments described below, the internal combustion engine may be a spark ignition internal combustion engine or a diesel engine, without limitation, the fuel supply may be an intake system and / or a combustion chamber, and the hydraulic pump of the positive displacement hydraulic supply means is a vane pump It may be a plunger pump.

図1は、実施例1(請求項1対応)の、略球面状の燃焼室に放射状に配置した吸気弁と排
気弁、およびタンゼンシャル吸気ポートを設け、水素燃料を供給する2サイクル内燃機関
の構成概念の説明図である。
図1は、シリンダヘッドに吸気弁46と排気弁47を設けた2サイクル内燃機1関におい
て、排気量より大きい容量の掃気を供給できる掃気供給手段である往復圧縮機25を備え
、燃焼室を半径SRの略球面状とし、前記燃焼室に放射状に吸気弁46と排気弁47を配
置し、点火プラグ11を前記燃焼室のシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設け、吸気ポートをシリ
ンダ内にスワールを発生させるタンゼンシャルポート230とし、水素のように空気より
密度が小さい燃料を前記燃焼室に供給し、内燃機関1の運転状況に応じて前記燃料の供給
を制御する2サイクル内燃機関1である。
内燃機関1は、内燃機関1の排気量以上の吐出量の往復圧縮機25を設けたスプリットサ
イクルの2サイクル内燃機関1で、出力手段4の連結棒43と同じ位相のクランク軸に前
記往復圧縮機25の連結棒253を設け、前記往復圧縮機25のシリンダ251の直径(
φC)を出力手段4のシリンダ41の直径(φE)より大きくして排気量以上の容量の掃
気を供給し、燃料タンク75に貯蔵した水素を高圧燃料ポンプ13で加圧してインジェク
タ12にて燃焼室に適時供給する。
吸気弁46は弁駆動機構が不要な逆止弁とし、排気弁47は、弁シリンダ471、弁ピス
トン472から成る油圧式アクチェータを油圧通路88から供給される容積型油圧供給手
段8で発生する油圧にて作動して弁を開閉する。
前記容積型油圧供給手段8は、クランク軸44に同期回転するロータ82と、カム81、
ベーン83から成る油圧ポンプを備え、ロータ82のベーン83を増設することにより後
述する実施例3(図7)のように多気筒に対応できる従来技術(特許文献4)の内燃機関
の弁駆動機構である。
FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a two-stroke internal combustion engine provided with hydrogen fuel by providing an intake valve and an exhaust valve radially disposed in a substantially spherical combustion chamber and a tangential intake port according to Embodiment 1 (corresponding to claim 1). It is explanatory drawing of a concept.
FIG. 1 shows a two-stroke internal combustion engine 1 having a cylinder head provided with an intake valve 46 and an exhaust valve 47, provided with a reciprocating compressor 25 serving as scavenging air supply means capable of supplying scavenging air with a capacity larger than the exhaust amount. An intake valve 46 and an exhaust valve 47 are radially disposed in the combustion chamber, the spark plug 11 is provided in the vicinity of the intersection with the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber, and an intake port is swirled in the cylinder. It is a two-stroke internal combustion engine 1 which supplies a fuel having a density smaller than air, such as hydrogen, to the combustion chamber and controls the supply of the fuel according to the operating condition of the internal combustion engine 1.
The internal combustion engine 1 is a split-cycle two-stroke internal combustion engine 1 provided with a reciprocating compressor 25 having a discharge amount equal to or greater than the displacement of the internal combustion engine 1, and the reciprocating compression is performed on the crankshaft having the same phase as the connecting rod 43 of the output means 4. Connecting rod 253 of the machine 25, the diameter of the cylinder 251 of the reciprocating compressor 25 (
The diameter of φC) is made larger than the diameter (φE) of the cylinder 41 of the output means 4 to supply scavenging air with a capacity equal to or greater than the displacement, and hydrogen stored in the fuel tank 75 is pressurized by the high pressure fuel pump 13 and burned by the injector 12 Supply time to the room.
The intake valve 46 is a check valve that does not require a valve drive mechanism, and the exhaust valve 47 is a hydraulic pressure generated by the positive hydraulic pressure supply means 8 supplied from the hydraulic pressure passage 88 with a hydraulic actuator consisting of a valve cylinder 471 and a valve piston 472 Act to open and close the valve.
The positive displacement hydraulic pressure supply means 8 includes a rotor 82 rotating in synchronization with the crankshaft 44, a cam 81
A valve drive mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to a prior art (Patent Document 4) capable of dealing with multiple cylinders as in Example 3 (FIG. 7) described later provided with a hydraulic pump consisting of vanes 83 and adding vanes 83 of the rotor 82. It is.

図1の内燃機関1の作用は、分割サイクルを行う往復圧縮機25と出力手段4から成る2
サイクル内燃機関1は、前記往復圧縮機25で内燃機関1の排気量以上の掃気を、前記タ
ンゼンシャルポート230からシリンダ41に供給してスワールを発生し、掃気行程で供
給する掃気量を大きくすることにより掃気流入速度を増大し、排気との衝突によりスワー
ルの速度が低下した流入初期の掃気流を吹き抜けによる短絡掃気として放出して強いスワ
ールとし、前記燃焼室形状により圧縮行程終了時までスワールの回転運動を阻害されるこ
となく前記強いスワールが継続できる。
内燃機関1は、シリンダヘッドに吸気弁と排気弁を設けた2サイクル内燃機関であるので
、掃気効率が高いユニフロー掃気方式より低い掃気効率となるが、前記掃気の吹き抜けに
より前記掃気効率を向上して、燃焼効率を向上できる効果がある。
排気弁47の開閉は、容積型油圧供給手段8のベーン83の作用角θvとカム81のカム
プロフィール881の作用角θcの各々の作用角の和が、油圧による排気弁47の開弁タ
イミング角となる。
排気弁47を開弁する油圧の油圧通路88に連通する油圧補助手段87の逆止弁875は
、油圧油の漏れが発生した場合の油補充を行うので排気弁47のラッシュアジャスタ作用
がある。
排気弁47の弁駆動機構は、弁配置が可能であれば他の駆動機構でもよい。
内燃機関1は、シリンダヘッドに吸気弁46と排気弁47を設けるので燃料に潤滑油を混
合する必要が無く、排気に煤が発生する問題点が解消される効果があり、往復圧縮機25
は出力手段4のクランク軸44による跳ねかけ潤滑を共用できる。
吸気弁46は逆止弁としているが、弁駆動機構を設けて開閉することもできる。
水素の燃焼により水が発生し、少量の水または水蒸気は燃焼を助ける効果があるので排気
性状が改善し、水は水蒸気になると約1700倍に膨張して内燃機関の筒内圧力を増大す
るので出力増大効果がある。
燃料の遠心分離作用は、後述する実施例2にて、燃焼室を略球面状とし、吸気ポートをタ
ンゼンシャルポート230とすることによる吸気の挙動と作用は、図2と図3にて、スワ
ールの遠心分離作用により形成される各燃料濃度層の分布状況と点火時の火炎伝播は、図
5にて、前記遠心分離作用と燃焼性が向上する根拠となる燃料と空気(吸気)の特性は、
図6にて説明する。
The operation of the internal combustion engine 1 of FIG. 1 is the same as the operation of the internal combustion engine 1 shown in FIG.
In the cycle internal combustion engine 1, scavenging air equal to or more than the displacement of the internal combustion engine 1 is supplied from the tangential port 230 to the cylinder 41 by the reciprocating compressor 25 to generate swirl, and the scavenging amount supplied in the scavenging stroke is large. The scavenging inflow speed is increased by this, and the scavenging flow in the initial stage of inflow where the swirl speed is reduced due to collision with the exhaust is released as a short circuit scavenging air by blow through to make a strong swirl. The above-mentioned strong swirl can be continued without being disturbed.
Since the internal combustion engine 1 is a two-stroke internal combustion engine provided with an intake valve and an exhaust valve at the cylinder head, the scavenging efficiency is lower than that of the uniflow scavenging system with high scavenging efficiency. The combustion efficiency can be improved.
The sum of the working angles of the vanes 83 of the displacement type hydraulic pressure supply means 8 and the working angles θc of the cam profile 881 of the cam 81 indicates the opening timing angle of the exhaust valve 47 by the hydraulic pressure. It becomes.
The check valve 875 of the hydraulic pressure auxiliary means 87 communicating with the hydraulic pressure hydraulic passage 88 for opening the exhaust valve 47 performs oil replenishment when hydraulic oil leaks, and thus has a lash adjuster function of the exhaust valve 47.
The valve drive mechanism of the exhaust valve 47 may be another drive mechanism as long as the valve arrangement is possible.
In the internal combustion engine 1, since the intake valve 46 and the exhaust valve 47 are provided in the cylinder head, there is no need to mix lubricating oil with fuel, and there is an effect that the problem of generation of soot in exhaust gas is eliminated.
Can share the splash lubrication by the crankshaft 44 of the output means 4.
The intake valve 46 is a check valve, but can be opened and closed by providing a valve drive mechanism.
The combustion of hydrogen generates water, and a small amount of water or steam has the effect of assisting combustion, so the exhaust properties are improved, and when it is steam, it expands about 1700 times and increases the pressure in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine There is an output increase effect.
The centrifugal separation action of the fuel is as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 in the behavior and action of intake by making the combustion chamber substantially spherical and making the intake port the tangential port 230 in Example 2 described later. The distribution of the fuel concentration layers formed by the centrifugal separation action of the swirl and the flame propagation at the time of ignition are the characteristics of the fuel and air (intake air) which become grounds for improving the centrifugal separation action and the combustibility in FIG. Is
This will be described with reference to FIG.

図2は、実施例2(請求項1対応)の、略球面状の燃焼室にタンゼンシャルポートを設け
た水素とガソリンを燃料とする内燃機関の平面図と周辺回路図である。
図2は、シリンダヘッドに吸気弁46gと排気弁47gを設けた2サイクル内燃機関1g
において、排気量より大きい容量の掃気を供給できる掃気供給手段である往復圧縮機25
gを備え、燃焼室を略球面状または略円錐状とし、前記燃焼室に放射状に吸気弁46gと
排気弁47gを配置し、点火プラグ11gを前記燃焼室のシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設け
、吸気ポートをシリンダ内にスワールを発生させるタンゼンシャルポート230gとし、
水素のように空気より密度が小さい燃料と火花点火式内燃機関の燃料であるガソリンを吸
気系統および前記燃焼室に供給し、内燃機関1gの運転状況に応じて前記燃料の供給を制
御する2サイクル内燃機関1gである。
流体供給手段7gの燃料タンク75gに加圧貯蔵する水素を、吸気流出通路23gに設け
たインジェクタ12gにて適時適量噴射し、掃気時に吹き抜けとならない吸気に予混合す
るために実施例4の図13に示すタイミングに噴射する。
流体供給手段7g2の燃料タンク75g2に貯蔵するガソリンを、燃焼室にインジェクタ
12g2にて適時適量噴射する。
吸気弁46gは逆止弁で、排気弁47gは油圧通路88gから供給される図示しない容積
型油圧供給手段からの油圧にて弁シリンダ471gを作動して弁開閉を行う。
往復圧縮機25gの構成と作用は実施例1と同じである。
FIG. 2 is a plan view and a peripheral circuit diagram of an internal combustion engine using a hydrogen and a gasoline as fuel, in which a tangential port is provided in a substantially spherical combustion chamber according to a second embodiment (corresponding to claim 1).
FIG. 2 shows a two-stroke internal combustion engine 1g having a cylinder head provided with an intake valve 46g and an exhaust valve 47g.
, The reciprocating compressor 25 which is a scavenging air supply means capable of supplying scavenging air of a capacity larger than the displacement.
The combustion chamber has a substantially spherical or substantially conical shape, the intake valve 46g and the exhaust valve 47g are radially disposed in the combustion chamber, and the spark plug 11g is provided in the vicinity of the intersection with the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber The intake port is a tangential port 230g that generates swirl in the cylinder,
Two cycles of supplying fuel with a density smaller than air, such as hydrogen, and gasoline, which is the fuel of a spark ignition internal combustion engine, to the intake system and the combustion chamber and controlling the supply of the fuel according to the operating condition of the internal combustion engine 1g It is an internal combustion engine 1g.
The hydrogen to be pressurized and stored in the fuel tank 75g of the fluid supply means 7g is properly injected with an appropriate amount by the injector 12g provided in the intake and outlet passage 23g, and premixed with the intake air which does not blow when scavenging. Inject at the timing shown in.
The gasoline stored in the fuel tank 75g2 of the fluid supply means 7g2 is appropriately injected in an appropriate amount into the combustion chamber by the injector 12g2.
The intake valve 46g is a check valve, and the exhaust valve 47g operates the valve cylinder 471g with hydraulic pressure from a positive displacement hydraulic pressure supply means (not shown) supplied from the hydraulic pressure passage 88g to open and close the valve.
The configuration and operation of the reciprocating compressor 25g are the same as in the first embodiment.

図3は、前記実施例2(図2)の燃焼室の、圧縮行程の排気終了後の掃気中(P1)と圧
縮行程の掃気終了後(P2)の各掃気挙動(スワール)の説明図である。
上図(P1)に示すように、排気行程が排気弁47gの閉弁により終了し、2箇所のタン
ゼンシャルポート230gからシリンダ41gに流入する吸気流は、シリンダ内で2本の
スワールを発生し、図3では、2本のうちの一方のスワールを図示している。
下図(P2)に示すように、前記一方のスワールは、圧縮行程でピストン42gにより軸
方向に圧縮されてスワールは軸方向に圧縮変形し、略球面状の燃焼室ではスワール径の縮
径が発生して、サイクロン効果のように強い遠心分離作用が発生する。
水素またはメタンのように空気より軽く、空気との密度差が大きい前記燃料は、前記強い
遠心分離作用によりシリンダ軸対称に中心側に集まり、気体の密度勾配に応じて燃料は図
5に示すように層状に分離して中心部に高濃度可燃層を形成し、燃焼室のシリンダ軸との
交点近傍に設けた点火プラグまたはインジェクタの発火部に集まる。
ピストン42gの頂面には、管状のバルブリセス421を設けることでスワールの乱れを
抑制できる。
前記遠心分離効果は、内燃機関が高速になると遠心分離の作用時間が短くなるが、吸気流
速が増大してスワールの回転が速くなるので、内燃機関の回転数による作用の影響は小さ
い。
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the scavenging behavior (swirl) during scavenging (P1) after exhaust of the compression stroke and after scavenging of the compression stroke (P2) in the combustion chamber of the second embodiment (FIG. 2). is there.
As shown in the above figure (P1), the exhaust stroke ends with the closing of the exhaust valve 47g, and the intake flow flowing into the cylinder 41g from the two tangential ports 230g generates two swirls in the cylinder. In FIG. 3, one of the two swirls is illustrated.
As shown in the lower drawing (P2), the one swirl is axially compressed by the piston 42g in the compression stroke, and the swirl is compressed and deformed in the axial direction, and a contraction of the swirl diameter occurs in the substantially spherical combustion chamber. As a result, strong centrifugal separation occurs like the cyclone effect.
The fuel which is lighter than air and has a large density difference with air such as hydrogen or methane gathers to the center side in the cylinder axis symmetry by the strong centrifugal separation action, and the fuel is shown in FIG. 5 according to the density gradient of the gas. The layers are separated into layers to form a high concentration combustible layer in the center and collected in the ignition part of the spark plug or injector provided near the intersection with the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber.
Disturbance of swirl can be suppressed by providing a tubular valve recess 421 on the top surface of the piston 42g.
The centrifugal effect shortens the action time of centrifugal separation when the internal combustion engine is at high speed, but since the intake flow velocity increases and the swirl rotation becomes fast, the influence of the action by the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine is small.

図4は、前記実施例2(図2)の燃焼室の排気終了時(U1)と圧縮終了時(U2)の容
積図、と圧縮行程の試算による径方向容積占有率の変化の説明図(U3(V))である。
図4の目的より、旋回流の図示および説明は省略する。
上図左(U1)は、排気終了時の径方向寸法を8等分した燃焼室の断面図であり、スワー
ルにより左半分は手前方向に、右半分は奥方向にスワールが流れ上部の断面形状は略球面
状の燃焼室で、周辺部と中央のシリンダ軸周辺との容積占有率の差はなだらかである。
上図右(U2)は、圧縮終了時の径方向に8等分した燃焼室の断面図であり、スワールが
圧縮され、中央のシリンダ軸周辺と周辺部との容積占有率の差は拡大する。
下図(U3、U3V)は、縦軸が占有率、横軸がシリンダ径であり、縦軸の補助線は、シ
リンダ底面積を4等分する、シリンダ軸を中心とする同心円の各直径である。
下図左(U3)は、排気終了時と圧縮終了時の燃焼室の断面図から換算したそれぞれの占
有率であり、排気終了時(破線)から圧縮終了時(実線)までの変化であり、圧縮行程で
燃焼室形状の変化により径方向の前記等容積空間の占有率では、前記破線と実線で囲まれ
たハッチング部の高さに相当する変化量が発生し、シリンダ軸附近は前記破線の上部のハ
ッチング分の占有率が増加し、周辺部は前記破線の下部のハッチング分の占有率が減少す
る。
尚、前記圧縮終了時(実線)は、二点鎖線で示す前記圧縮終了時の燃焼室の断面図(U2
)を占有率に換算したものである。
下図右(U3V)は、シリンダ軸を中心として低面積が25%毎増加する同心円により4
等分割しているので、各領域の占有率の増減の試算値で、最外周の(75〜100%)領
域では、圧縮行程により占有率が半減し、一方シリンダ軸側の(0〜25%)領域の占有
率は増加するので、各領域はシリンダ軸側にシフトし、スワールの旋回径が縮径するので
スワールの角速度が大きくなり高速回転するので、サイクロン効果のように遠心力の増大
により強い遠心分離作用が発生し、点火時には高速の乱流火炎伝播が発生する。
下図右(U3V)の横軸から分かるように、シリンダの底面積は直径の二乗に比例するの
で、本願発明にて少量の燃料でもシリンダ軸側に燃料は集まり、点火プラグを設けたシリ
ンダ軸付近に可燃層を確実に形成できる効果がある。
シリンダが垂直に設けられている場合は、空気より密度の小さい前記燃料は上方向に移動
するので、更に点火プラグ附近に燃料が集まる。
以上のように、燃焼室形状は巨視的にみると圧縮行程にて略円筒状から略球面ドーム状に
変化するので、吸気の径方向の燃料の層状分布は周辺部から中心部に移動し、スワールの
旋回径が運動エネルギを保持して縮径するので角速度が大きくなり回転数が増大し、サイ
クロン効果のように遠心力の増大により強い遠心分離作用が発生する。
FIG. 4 is a volume diagram at the end of exhaust (U1) and at the end of compression (U2) of the combustion chamber of the second embodiment (FIG. 2), and an explanatory view of the change of the radial volume occupancy by trial calculation of the compression stroke ( U3 (V)).
Illustration and description of the swirling flow are omitted for the purpose of FIG.
Top left (U1) is a cross-sectional view of the combustion chamber where the radial dimension at the end of exhaust is divided into eight equal parts, and the left half flows toward the front and the right half flows toward the back by swirl. Is a substantially spherical combustion chamber, and the difference in volume occupancy between the peripheral portion and the central cylinder axis is gentle.
Top right (U2) is a cross-sectional view of the combustion chamber divided into eight equal parts in the radial direction at the end of compression, and the swirl is compressed, and the difference in volume occupancy between the central cylinder axis and the peripheral part increases .
In the lower figure (U3, U3V), the vertical axis is the occupancy rate, the horizontal axis is the cylinder diameter, and the auxiliary line on the vertical axis is each diameter of concentric circles centered on the cylinder axis that divides the cylinder bottom area into four. .
The left figure (U3) in the figure below is the occupancy ratio converted from the cross-sectional view of the combustion chamber at the end of exhaust and at the end of compression, and is the change from the end of exhaust (dotted line) to the end of compression (solid line) With the change of the shape of the combustion chamber in the stroke, in the occupancy rate of the equal volume space in the radial direction, a variation corresponding to the height of the hatched portion surrounded by the broken line and solid line is generated. The occupancy rate of the hatching portion increases, and the occupancy rate of the hatching portion below the broken line decreases in the peripheral portion.
Incidentally, the end of the compression (solid line) is a cross-sectional view of the combustion chamber at the end of the compression shown by a two-dot chain line (U2
Is converted to the occupancy rate.
The figure on the right (U3V) below shows concentric circles where the low area increases by 25% around the cylinder axis.
Since it is equally divided, the occupancy rate in the area of the outermost periphery (75 to 100%) is halved by the compression stroke according to a trial calculation value of increase or decrease of the occupancy rate of each area, while (0 to 25% on the cylinder axis side Since the area occupancy rate increases, each area shifts toward the cylinder axis, and the swirling diameter of the swirl decreases, so that the angular velocity of the swirl increases and high-speed rotation occurs. A strong centrifugal separation effect occurs, and high speed turbulent flame propagation occurs at the time of ignition.
As can be seen from the horizontal axis on the right (U3V) in the figure below, since the bottom area of the cylinder is proportional to the square of the diameter, even with a small amount of fuel in the present invention, the fuel gathers on the cylinder axis side and near the cylinder axis provided with the spark plug There is an effect that the combustible layer can be formed with certainty.
In the case where the cylinder is vertically provided, the fuel having a density smaller than air moves upward, so that the fuel is further collected near the spark plug.
As described above, since the shape of the combustion chamber changes from a substantially cylindrical shape to a substantially spherical dome shape in a compression stroke as viewed macroscopically, the laminar distribution of fuel in the radial direction of intake moves from the peripheral portion to the central portion, Since the swirling diameter of the swirl holds a kinetic energy to reduce the diameter, the angular velocity increases and the number of rotations increases, and a strong centrifugal separation occurs due to the increase of the centrifugal force as in the cyclone effect.

図5は、前記実施例2(図15)の、TDCの水素の各燃料濃度層の分布状況と点火時の
高速火炎伝播の説明図である。
図5は、前記実施例2(図2)のTDCのX−X断面図で、タンゼンシャルポート230
gにより発生するスワールにて予混合気水素に遠心分離作用が働き、空気より密度が小さ
い水素(空気の約7%)燃料はシリンダ軸の中心方向に移動し、点火プラグ11gを設け
たシリンダ軸近傍に集まる。
図4で説明したように、角速度が大きくなるシリンダ軸近傍では、大きな遠心力が働くの
で空気より密度が小さい燃料が密度勾配により遠心分離して水素燃料の高濃度域(F1)
を形成し、遠心分離途中の拡散した水素により、内側から順次燃料濃度の低い環状層(F
2〜F4)を形成する。
図3に示すように、圧縮行程で上図(P1)から下図(P2)に混合気を圧縮することに
より、略球面状の燃焼室にスワール径が部分的に縮小するように圧縮されるので、図5の
燃焼室頂点の点火プラグ11g付近に前記各層の境界面は収束する。
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a distribution state of fuel concentration layers of hydrogen of TDC and high-speed flame propagation at the time of ignition in the second embodiment (FIG. 15).
FIG. 5 is an X-X cross-sectional view of the TDC of the second embodiment (FIG. 2), showing a tangential port 230.
The centrifugal action acts on premixed hydrogen in swirl generated by g, and hydrogen (about 7% of air) fuel whose density is smaller than air moves toward the center of the cylinder axis, and the cylinder axis provided with the spark plug 11g Gather in the vicinity.
As explained in FIG. 4, in the vicinity of the cylinder axis where the angular velocity becomes large, a large centrifugal force works, and therefore the fuel whose density is smaller than that of air is centrifuged by the density gradient and the high concentration region of hydrogen fuel (F1)
The annular layer (F), which has a lower fuel concentration, is
Form 2 to F4).
As shown in FIG. 3, by compressing the mixture from the upper drawing (P1) to the lower drawing (P2) in the compression stroke, compression is performed so that the swirl diameter is partially reduced in the substantially spherical combustion chamber. The interface between the layers converges near the spark plug 11g at the top of the combustion chamber in FIG.

図5の内燃機関1gの燃焼行程点火時の層状分布の燃焼作用は、シリンダ軸付近の高濃度
層(F1)に点火プラグ11gにより点火して高濃度層(F1)内に火炎核を形成し、火
炎伝播と燃焼による熱膨張と略同心円スワールにより高濃度燃料を拡散しながら、前記各
層の燃料濃度の高い内側から濃度の低い外側の層に周方向に均一に乱流火炎伝播する。
前記高濃度層(F1)は、燃料の水素は空気との密度差が大きいので分離速度が大きく、
高い濃度の高濃度層を形成し、図6に示すように燃焼範囲(約4〜75%)が大きいので
、確実な点火ができる。
圧縮行程でのスワールにより、遠心分離の初期分離状態であるので、予混合による燃料と
空気(酸素)との混合拡散は、高濃度層(F1)、中濃度層(F2)、低濃度層(F3)
、超低濃度層(F4)の燃料混合層であり、燃焼の火炎伝播は超低濃度層(F4)の外周
では低温燃焼または壁面附近で消炎するのでノッキング現象が抑制され、前記超低濃度層
F4での消炎により未燃焼燃料が減少するので、内燃機関の冷却損失の抑制による燃焼効
率の向上の効果がある。
従って、成層燃焼により従来技術より少量の燃料による燃焼効率のよいリーンバーンエン
ジンとなる。
尚、以降の実施例の遠心分離により形成される各層の符号は、理解が容易なように実施例
2(図5)と同じ層符号(F1〜F4)を用いて説明する。
ガソリン供給時は供給タイミングにより、中濃度層(F2)または低濃度層(F3)に拡
散するので、前記水素の高速火炎伝播により燃焼が促進され、水素の高速燃焼により燃焼
室の圧力が上昇しSPCCIエンジン(火花制御による圧縮着火燃焼)により予混合ガソ
リンの燃焼性を改善する効果がある。
実施例2がディーゼル機関の場合は、燃料の圧縮着火が水素の高濃度で始まるので、燃焼
が促進されるので回転数の増大により出力増大効果がある。
The combustion action of the stratified distribution at the time of combustion stroke ignition of the internal combustion engine 1g of FIG. 5 forms a flame kernel in the high concentration layer (F1) by igniting the high concentration layer (F1) near the cylinder axis by the spark plug 11g. While diffusing high concentration fuel by thermal expansion due to flame propagation and combustion and approximately concentric swirl, the turbulent flame is uniformly propagated circumferentially from the inner side with high fuel concentration of each layer to the outer layer with low concentration.
In the high concentration layer (F1), the separation speed is high because the difference in density of hydrogen of the fuel with air is large,
A high concentration and high concentration layer is formed, and the combustion range (about 4 to 75%) is large as shown in FIG.
Because of the initial separation state of centrifugation due to the swirl in the compression stroke, the mixed diffusion of fuel and air (oxygen) by premixing is high concentration layer (F1), middle concentration layer (F2), low concentration layer ( F3)
The fuel mixture layer of the ultra-low concentration layer (F4), and flame propagation of combustion is suppressed at a low temperature combustion or wall near the periphery of the ultra-low concentration layer (F4), so the knocking phenomenon is suppressed. Since the unburned fuel is reduced by the extinction in F4, there is an effect of improving the combustion efficiency by suppressing the cooling loss of the internal combustion engine.
Thus, stratified charge combustion results in a lean burn engine with good combustion efficiency with less fuel than the prior art.
In addition, the code | symbol of each layer formed by centrifugation of a following example is demonstrated using the same layer code (F1-F4) as Example 2 (FIG. 5) so that an understanding may be easy.
At the time of gasoline supply, it diffuses to the medium concentration layer (F2) or the low concentration layer (F3) depending on the supply timing, so the high-speed flame propagation of hydrogen promotes combustion, and the high-speed combustion of hydrogen raises the pressure in the combustion chamber The SPCCI engine (compression ignition combustion with spark control) has the effect of improving the flammability of premixed gasoline.
In the case of the diesel engine according to the second embodiment, since the compression ignition of the fuel starts with a high concentration of hydrogen, the combustion is promoted, and the power increase effect is obtained by the increase of the rotational speed.

図6は、前記実施例2(図2)の内燃機関等の燃料と空気の特性図で、燃料は燃焼範囲と
密度、空気は組成割合と密度を示す。
図の縦軸は気体の密度(Kg/m3)、横軸は、燃料は燃焼範囲、空気は組成割合(Vo
l%)である。
空気の主な組成割合は約21%の酸素と約78%の窒素であり、酸素の密度は空気の約1
.07倍、窒素の密度は空気の約0.93倍で、空気との密度差が小さく空気中に拡散し
た酸素と窒素は、本発明の短時間の遠心分離では分離困難である。
燃料である水素の密度は空気の約0.07倍であり短時間の遠心分離で分離を開始し、メ
タンの密度は空気の約0.53倍であり水素ほど容易に遠心分離しないが、これらの燃料
は遠心分離で密度勾配により形成される各層の最内側に分離される。
プロパンの密度は空気の約1.47倍であり、ガソリンの密度は空気の約2.71倍であ
るので、これらの燃料は遠心分離で密度勾配により形成される前記最内層より外側の濃度
層に分離される。
燃料の横軸の燃焼範囲は、EGRガスに少量含まれる一酸化炭素を除けば、水素以外の燃
料は小さい燃料範囲で燃焼するが、水素は4.1〜75(Vol%)と大きい範囲で燃焼
する。
背景技術で述べたように、最小着火エネルギ(mj)が水素(0.02)はガソリン(0
.24)より小さく、最大燃焼速度(cm/s)が水素(346)はガソリン(42)よ
り大きいので、水素は着火性がよく、爆風圧が大きい利点があるので燃焼の起爆剤に適し
ているが、燃料としては発熱量が小さいのでエネルギ密度が小さい問題点がある。
FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram of fuel and air of the internal combustion engine etc. of the second embodiment (FIG. 2), wherein the fuel shows the combustion range and density, and the air shows the composition ratio and density.
The vertical axis of the figure is the density of gas (Kg / m3), the horizontal axis is the combustion range of the fuel, and the composition ratio of air (Vo
l)).
The main composition of air is about 21% oxygen and about 78% nitrogen, and the density of oxygen is about 1
. The density of nitrogen is about 0.93 times that of air, and the difference in density with air is small, and oxygen and nitrogen diffused in the air are difficult to separate by the short-time centrifugation of the present invention.
The density of hydrogen, which is a fuel, is about 0.07 times that of air and separation is started by a short centrifugation, and the density of methane is about 0.53 times that of air, which is not as easily centrifuged as hydrogen. Fuel is separated in the innermost of the layers formed by density gradient by centrifugation.
Since the density of propane is about 1.47 times that of air and the density of gasoline is about 2.71 times that of air, these fuels have a concentration layer outside of the innermost layer formed by density gradient in centrifugation. Separated into
The combustion range on the horizontal axis of the fuel is that, except for carbon monoxide contained in a small amount in EGR gas, fuels other than hydrogen burn in a small fuel range, but hydrogen is in a large range of 4.1 to 75 (Vol%) To burn.
As described in the background art, the minimum ignition energy (mj) is hydrogen (0.02) and gasoline (0
. 24) Because it is smaller and hydrogen (346) is larger than gasoline (42) because the maximum burning rate (cm / s) is larger than hydrogen, it is suitable for combustion initiators because it has the advantages of good ignitability and high blast pressure. However, since the calorific value is small as fuel, there is a problem that the energy density is small.

前記図4(U3V)に示すように、燃焼室の中心(シリンダ軸附近)にシリンダ径の50
%の燃焼能域を形成するには水素は25%(Vol%)必要となる。
点火プラグによる点火に必要な可燃層を仮にシリンダ径の20%の直径と仮定すると、必
要な可燃層はシリンダ容積の4%となり、前記可燃層の水素濃度を水素の燃焼範囲の下限
の4.1%とすると、必要な水素は、前記可燃層のシリンダ容積の4%と、前記水素の燃
焼範囲の下限の4.1%の積である約0.16%となり、見かけの濃度は極めて低い濃度
であっても、試算上は局部的に水素の可燃層が形成できる。
前記試算は周辺に拡散する水素を無視した高濃度層(F1)のみの試算であり、遠心分離
作用の初期段階であるので水素は各層に拡散して存在するので、実際に必要な水素は前記
試算値より大きくなる。
以上より、水素より分子量が大きい主燃料を少量の水素で局部的に可燃層を形成し、確実
に点火して高速燃焼できる成層燃焼の2サイクル内燃機関(実施例1〜13)と4サイク
ル内燃機関(実施例14,15)ができる。
As shown in FIG. 4 (U3V), the cylinder diameter is 50 at the center of the combustion chamber (near cylinder axis).
25% (Vol%) of hydrogen is required to form a% combustion area.
Assuming that the combustible layer necessary for ignition by the spark plug is 20% of the cylinder diameter, the necessary combustible layer is 4% of the cylinder volume, and the hydrogen concentration of the combustible layer is the lower limit of the hydrogen combustion range of 4. Assuming 1%, the required hydrogen is about 0.16% which is the product of 4% of the cylinder volume of the combustible layer and 4.1% of the lower limit of the hydrogen combustion range, and the apparent concentration is extremely low. Even in the case of concentration, it is possible to form a combustible layer of hydrogen locally in the estimation.
The above-mentioned trial calculation is a trial calculation of only the high concentration layer (F1) neglecting hydrogen diffused to the periphery, and since hydrogen is diffused and present in each layer because it is the initial stage of the centrifugal separation action, actually necessary hydrogen is said It becomes larger than the estimate.
From the above, a two-stroke internal combustion engine (Examples 1 to 13) with stratified combustion (Examples 1 to 13) and a four-stroke internal combustion engine can locally burn the main fuel having a molecular weight larger than hydrogen and a small amount of hydrogen to form a combustible layer locally. An organization (Examples 14 and 15) can be done.

図7は、実施例3(請求項1対応)の往復圧縮機、吸排気の弁と通路の配置を示す3気筒
内燃機関の平面図と、掃気増幅手段と容積型油圧供給手段等の周辺回路図である。
図7は、シリンダヘッドに吸気弁46jと排気弁47jを設けた2サイクル内燃機関1j
において、排気量より大きい容量の掃気を供給できる掃気供給手段である往復圧縮機25
jを備え、燃焼室を略球面状または略円錐状とし、前記燃焼室に放射状に吸気弁46jと
排気弁47jを配置し、点火プラグ11jを前記燃焼室のシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設け
、吸気ポートをシリンダ内にスワールを発生させるタンゼンシャルポート230jとし、
水素、メタンのように空気より密度が小さい燃料と火花点火式内燃機関の燃料を吸気系統
および前記燃焼室に供給し、内燃機関1jの運転状況に応じて前記燃料の供給を制御する
3気筒2サイクル内燃機関1jである。
各気筒に設けた往復圧縮機25gの構成は実施例1と同じであり、気筒毎に往復圧縮機2
5jに対応する吸気流出通路23jを設けている。
吸気流出通路23jを3気筒分連通して一体のマニフォルドとすることもできるが、掃気
と過給の性能が低下する。
容積型油圧供給手段8jは、前記実施例1の容積型油圧供給手段8に等間隔にベーン83
jを増設することによりカム811を共用して3回路の油圧通路88(j1〜j3)を配
置できるので、簡素な構造で、油圧手段の信頼性が高く、小型で安価に製作できる。
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a three-cylinder internal combustion engine showing the arrangement of the reciprocating compressor, intake and exhaust valves and passages according to the third embodiment (corresponding to claim 1), and peripheral circuits such as scavenging air amplification means and positive displacement hydraulic pressure supply means. FIG.
FIG. 7 shows a two-stroke internal combustion engine 1j in which an intake valve 46j and an exhaust valve 47j are provided in a cylinder head.
, The reciprocating compressor 25 which is a scavenging air supply means capable of supplying scavenging air of a capacity larger than the displacement.
The combustion chamber has a substantially spherical or substantially conical shape, and the intake valve 46 j and the exhaust valve 47 j are radially disposed in the combustion chamber, and the spark plug 11 j is provided near the intersection with the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber The intake port is a tangential port 230j that generates swirl in the cylinder,
A three-cylinder engine that supplies a fuel having a density smaller than that of air, such as hydrogen and methane, and a fuel of a spark ignition internal combustion engine to the intake system and the combustion chamber, and controls the supply of the fuel according to the operating condition of the internal combustion engine 1j. It is a cycle internal combustion engine 1j.
The configuration of the reciprocating compressor 25g provided for each cylinder is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the reciprocating compressor 2 for each cylinder
An intake and outlet passage 23j corresponding to 5j is provided.
The intake and outflow passages 23j may be communicated by three cylinders to form an integral manifold, but the performance of scavenging and supercharging may be reduced.
The positive displacement hydraulic pressure supply means 8 j has vanes 83 at equal intervals to the positive displacement hydraulic pressure supply means 8 of the first embodiment.
By adding j, the cam 811 can be shared to arrange the three hydraulic passages 88 (j1 to j3). Therefore, the hydraulic means can be manufactured with high reliability, small size and low cost with a simple structure.

図8は、実施例3(図7)のJ−J断面の吸気弁と排気弁の冷却手段を設けた前記内燃機
関1jの断面図である。
図8は、前記図7のJ−J断面のガス交換弁である吸気弁46jと排気弁47jの断面図
で、前記吸気弁46jはリフト逆止弁で掃気の圧力により開弁し、排気弁47jの弁駆動
機構は弁シリンダ471jに油圧通路88j3から供給される油圧により開弁し、前記吸
気弁46jはリフト逆止弁に送風ブレード466を、排気弁47jは油圧ピストンに一体
の送風ブレード476を設け、送風ブレードのポンプ作用により連通管464から吸気の
一部を前記吸気の逆止弁と排気弁の弁シリンダ471jの当接部空間に送り冷却を行う。
弁シリンダ471jのピストンに設けた送風ブレード476の往復動と各逆止弁(473
、477、478)の作用により、前記送風ブレード466の上部と下部の空間をポンプ
室とするポンプ作用により、冷却用の吸気を送り込み、逆止弁463、468を通って止
弁467から大気に解放する。
排気の弁シリンダは、連通管464を通った吸気の一部が吸気導管445を通って前記冷
却を行う。
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the internal combustion engine 1j provided with cooling means for the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the JJ cross section of the third embodiment (FIG. 7).
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the intake valve 46j and the exhaust valve 47j, which are gas exchange valves of the JJ cross section of FIG. 7, and the intake valve 46j is opened by the pressure of scavenging with a lift check valve. The valve drive mechanism 47j is opened by the hydraulic pressure supplied from the hydraulic pressure passage 88j3 to the valve cylinder 471j, and the intake valve 46j is a lift check valve, and the exhaust valve 47j is a blow blade 476 integrated with the hydraulic piston. A part of the intake air is sent from the communication pipe 464 to the contact space of the check valve of the intake valve and the valve cylinder 471j of the exhaust valve by the pump action of the blower blade to perform cooling.
Reciprocation of the blower blade 476 provided on the piston of the valve cylinder 471j and each check valve (473
, 477, 478), pumping air for cooling the space between the upper and lower portions of the blower blade 466 as a pump chamber, and sends intake air for cooling through the check valves 463, 468 to the atmosphere from the stop valve 467. release.
In the exhaust valve cylinder, a portion of the intake air passing through the communication pipe 464 performs the cooling through the intake conduit 445.

図9は、実施例4(請求項2対応)の逆止弁と空気流量増幅器から成る掃気増幅手段と、
クランク軸より位相が進んだ往復圧縮機とを備えた2サイクル内燃機関の構成概念の説明
図である。
図9は、掃気供給手段として、内燃機関1dにて駆動する圧縮機である往復圧縮機25d
と、吸気通路である吸気流入通路22dと吸気流出通路23dの間に掃気増幅手段5を設
け、前記掃気増幅手段5は、逆止弁55と前記逆止弁の下流に設けた空気流量増幅器50
から成り、前記空気流量増幅器50の駆動流通路58を前記往復圧縮機25dの吐出弁2
57dの吐出口に連通する請求項1に記載の2サイクル内燃機関1dである。
出力手段4dより狭角のθdだけ位相が進んだ往復圧縮機25dは、吸入弁256dと吐
出弁257dに逆止弁を備え、連結棒253dを出力手段4dの連結棒43dにピギー接
続してストロークを出力手段4より短くすることにより高速回転に対応ができ、シリンダ
251dの直径は出力手段4dのシリンダ41dの直径より小さくし、掃気の吹き抜けに
よる充填効率の低下や排気量以上の吸気が必要な過給は前記空気流量増幅器50の流量増
幅作用により、小さい容量の前記往復圧縮機25dで対応できる。
出力手段4dの吸入弁46dは逆止弁とし、クランク軸44dに設けた駆動車401が伝
動媒体403を介して同じ有効径(φD)の従動車402を回転し、前記従動車402に
設けたカム408にて排気弁47を開閉する。
流体供給手段7の燃料タンク75dに貯蔵する重油または軽油をサプライポンプ131で
加圧し、コモンレール141を通ってインジェクタ12dにて適時燃焼室に供給する。
前記往復圧縮機25dの吸入弁256dと掃気増幅手段5の上流はエアクリーナ21dに
連通し、出力手段4dの排気弁47dは排気通路31dを介して消音器33dの上流の排
気浄化装置32dに連通する。
FIG. 9 shows scavenging amplification means comprising a check valve and an air flow amplifier according to a fourth embodiment (corresponding to claim 2);
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a configuration concept of a two-stroke internal combustion engine provided with a reciprocating compressor whose phase is advanced from a crankshaft.
FIG. 9 shows a reciprocating compressor 25d which is a compressor driven by an internal combustion engine 1d as scavenging air supply means.
The scavenging amplification means 5 is provided between the intake inflow path 22d and the intake outflow path 23d, which are intake paths, and the scavenging amplification means 5 includes a check valve 55 and an air flow amplifier 50 provided downstream of the check valve.
And the drive flow passage 58 of the air flow amplifier 50 is connected to the discharge valve 2 of the reciprocating compressor 25d.
The two-stroke internal combustion engine 1d according to claim 1, which communicates with the discharge port 57d.
The reciprocating compressor 25d whose phase is advanced by θd at a narrower angle than the output means 4d has a check valve in the suction valve 256d and the discharge valve 257d, and carries out a stroke by connecting the connecting rod 253d to the connecting rod 43d of the output means 4d. The length of the cylinder 251d can be made smaller than the diameter of the cylinder 41d of the output means 4d, and the intake efficiency must be reduced by the scavenging air flow and the intake efficiency must be greater than the exhaust capacity. Supercharging can be handled by the reciprocating compressor 25d with a small capacity by the flow amplification function of the air flow amplifier 50.
The suction valve 46 d of the output means 4 d is a check valve, and the drive wheel 401 provided on the crankshaft 44 d rotates the driven wheel 402 of the same effective diameter (φD) via the transmission medium 403 and provided on the driven wheel 402 The exhaust valve 47 is opened and closed by the cam 408.
The heavy oil or light oil stored in the fuel tank 75 d of the fluid supply means 7 is pressurized by the supply pump 131 and supplied to the combustion chamber through the common rail 141 by the injector 12 d as appropriate.
The suction valve 256d of the reciprocating compressor 25d and the upstream of the scavenging air amplification means 5 communicate with the air cleaner 21d, and the exhaust valve 47d of the output means 4d communicates with the exhaust purification device 32d upstream of the silencer 33d via the exhaust passage 31d. .

図9の内燃機関1dの作用は、往復圧縮機25で発生する圧縮空気を掃気増幅手段5の空
気流量増幅器50に駆動流として供給し、前記空気流量増幅器50にて吸気を流量増幅し
て大気圧以上の圧力で吸気を出力手段4dの吸気弁46dに供給して内燃機関1dの掃気
を行う。
空気流量増幅器50の下流側の掃気圧力が高くなりすぎると、エアクリーナ21dに吸気
が逆流し、更に駆動流により逆流方向に流量増幅する逆流量増幅現象が発生するのを逆止
弁55で防止する。このように空気流量増幅器50の下流側の掃気圧力が高くなりすぎる
と、前記逆止弁が作動し、駆動流が直接掃気に流入するので、掃気が高圧となり過給作用
が発生する。
前記空気流量増幅器50の流量増幅比に応じて吸気を流量増幅するので、往復圧縮機25
dの吐出量は内燃機関1dの排気量より小さい容量でよい。
出力手段4dのシリンダ41dより往復圧縮機25dのシリンダ251dの直径が小さく
、ストロークも短い小型で安価な往復圧縮機25dで十分に掃気ができ、往復圧縮機25
dの潤滑を出力手段4dの跳ね掛け潤滑を共用できるので信頼性が高い。
簡素な構成の前記掃気増幅手段5で吹き抜けを補填して余りある掃気を供給することによ
り、完全なガス交換と駆動流による掃気の加圧により過給ができる。
半径SRdの略球面状燃焼室に、タンゼンシャルポート230dによるスワールの排気と
衝突して掃気を行う初期流入吸気を、吹き抜けとして排気と流出し、強いスワールによる
遠心分離により水素等の低密度気体燃料を発火部に集中して燃焼性を向上できる効果があ
る。
排気弁47dの弁駆動は前記実施例3と同じであるので説明を省略する。
掃気増幅手段5の空気流量増幅器50と逆止弁55の構成例の構成説明を図10にて、掃
気増幅手段5、往復圧縮機、および出力手段の作用の動作説明を図11にて説明する。
内燃機関1の、タイミングチャートを図12にて、タイミングチャートと試算による筒内
圧力を図13にて、高速回転時の試算によるPV線図を図14にて説明する。
本実施例4の内燃機関1はディーゼル機関であるが、火花点火式内燃機関でもよい。
The operation of the internal combustion engine 1d shown in FIG. 9 supplies compressed air generated by the reciprocating compressor 25 as a drive flow to the air flow amplifier 50 of the scavenging amplifier 5, and the air flow amplifier 50 amplifies the flow of intake air to increase The intake air is supplied to the intake valve 46d of the output means 4d at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure to scavenge the internal combustion engine 1d.
If the scavenging pressure on the downstream side of the air flow amplifier 50 becomes too high, the check valve 55 prevents the occurrence of a reverse flow amplification phenomenon in which the intake air flows back to the air cleaner 21d and the flow is amplified in the reverse direction by the drive flow. . As described above, when the scavenging pressure on the downstream side of the air flow amplifier 50 becomes too high, the check valve is activated and the drive flow directly flows into the scavenging air, so that the scavenging air has a high pressure and a supercharging action occurs.
Since the flow rate of the intake air is amplified according to the flow rate amplification ratio of the air flow rate amplifier 50, the reciprocating compressor 25
The discharge amount of d may be smaller than the displacement of the internal combustion engine 1d.
The diameter of the cylinder 251d of the reciprocating compressor 25d is smaller than that of the cylinder 41d of the output means 4d, and the stroke can be sufficiently scavenged with a small, inexpensive reciprocating compressor 25d having a short stroke.
Since the lubrication of d can be shared by the splashing lubrication of the output means 4d, the reliability is high.
Supercharging can be performed by complete gas exchange and pressurization of the scavenging air by the driving flow by supplying the scavenging air having a surplus by compensating the blow-by with the scavenging air amplification means 5 having a simple configuration.
Initial inflowing intake air which scavenges by collision with exhaust of swirl by tangential port 230d into a substantially spherical combustion chamber of radius SRd as exhaust and outflow as blowout, and low density gas such as hydrogen by centrifugal separation by strong swirl There is an effect that fuel can be concentrated on the igniter to improve the combustibility.
Since the valve drive of the exhaust valve 47d is the same as that of the third embodiment, the description will be omitted.
A configuration of the air flow amplifier 50 and the check valve 55 of the scavenging amplification means 5 will be described with reference to FIG. 10, and the operation of the scavenging amplification means 5, the reciprocating compressor, and the output means will be described with reference to FIG. .
The timing chart of the internal combustion engine 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 12, the in-cylinder pressure based on the timing chart and trial calculation will be described with reference to FIG. 13, and a PV diagram based on trial calculation at high speed rotation will be described with reference to FIG.
Although the internal combustion engine 1 of the fourth embodiment is a diesel engine, it may be a spark ignition internal combustion engine.

図10は前記実施例4(図9)の掃気増幅手段の構成例で、空気流量増幅器の流量増幅比
の小さい順にエジェクタ(A)、従来技術(特開2016−125421)のフロートラ
ンスベクタ(B)とトランスベクタ(C)と逆止弁の構成説明図である。
逆止弁は、リードバルブ551、リフト逆止弁555(C)または他の逆止弁でもよく、
応答性、耐圧等より内燃機関の仕様により選択できる。
空気流量増幅器は、主に流量増幅比により選定し、内燃機関の運転状況が変動する場合は
高速領域等で掃気増幅手段5での圧力損失が増大して運転効率が低下するので、前記(B
)、(C)に示す前記従来技術(特開2016−125421)の運転領域が大きいノズ
ル開口面積可変型が好ましい。
FIG. 10 shows a configuration example of the scavenging air amplification means of the fourth embodiment (FIG. 9), in which the flow transvectors (B) of the ejector (A) and the prior art (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-125421) are arranged in ascending order of flow amplification ratio of the air flow amplifier. It is structural explanatory drawing of a trans | transformer vector (C) and a non-return valve.
The check valve may be a reed valve 551, a lift check valve 555 (C) or another check valve,
It can be selected according to the specifications of the internal combustion engine from the responsiveness, the pressure resistance and the like.
The air flow amplifier is mainly selected by the flow amplification ratio, and when the operating condition of the internal combustion engine fluctuates, the pressure loss in the scavenging amplification means 5 increases in the high speed region etc. and the operation efficiency decreases.
The nozzle opening area variable type in which the operation area of the prior art (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-125421) shown in (2) and (C) is large is preferable.

図11は、前記実施例4(図9)の内燃機関1dの、排気行程初期(S1)、掃気行程(
S2)、および圧縮行程(S3)の掃気増幅手段5の動作説明図である。
排気行程初期(S1)は、燃焼が終了した排気を排気弁47dの開弁により排気を開始し
、往復圧縮機25は圧縮の初期であるので掃気増幅手段5に駆動流通路58から圧縮空気
を供給し流量増幅を開始するが、排気の圧力が高い場合は逆止弁である吸気弁46dは開
弁しない。
掃気行程(S2)は、排気が進行し排気圧が低下し、往復圧縮機25の駆動流圧力が上昇
して掃気増幅手段5による流量増幅により吸気流出通路23dの掃気圧力が上昇して前記
吸気弁46dは開弁すると、前記流量増幅は更に進行し、シリンダ41dの掃気を開始す
る。
圧縮行程(S3)は、排気弁47dが閉弁し、吸気弁46dから掃気が供給されるのでシ
リンダ41dが大気圧より高くなり、吸気流出通路23dの圧力が上昇すると逆流流量増
幅現象により逆止弁55が閉弁し、往復圧縮機25の圧縮空気は直接吸気流出通路23d
に供給され吸気弁46dより供給されるので過給効果が発生する。
FIG. 11 shows the exhaust stroke initial stage (S1) and the scavenging stroke (S1) of the internal combustion engine 1d of the fourth embodiment (FIG. 9).
It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of scavenging-gas amplification means 5 of S2) and a compression process (S3).
At the beginning of the exhaust stroke (S1), the exhaust after the combustion is started to be exhausted by opening the exhaust valve 47d, and the reciprocating compressor 25 is at the initial stage of compression. The supply flow rate amplification is started, but when the pressure of the exhaust is high, the intake valve 46d which is a check valve does not open.
In the scavenging stroke (S2), the exhaust proceeds and the exhaust pressure decreases, and the driving flow pressure of the reciprocating compressor 25 rises, and the scavenging pressure of the intake outflow passage 23d rises by the flow amplification by the scavenging amplification means 5 and the intake When the valve 46d is opened, the flow rate amplification further proceeds to start scavenging of the cylinder 41d.
In the compression stroke (S3), since the exhaust valve 47d is closed and scavenging air is supplied from the intake valve 46d, the cylinder 41d becomes higher than the atmospheric pressure and the pressure in the intake and outlet passage 23d increases. The valve 55 is closed, and the compressed air of the reciprocating compressor 25 is directly taken in and out of the intake passage 23d.
Since the pressure is supplied to the intake valve 46d from the intake valve 46d, the supercharging effect occurs.

図12は、前記実施例4(図9)の内燃機関のタイミングダイアグラムである。
図12の燃焼行程(B)は、TDCでの燃焼開始から始まりBDCよりΔEだけ位相が手
前の排気弁47dの開弁で終了し、排気行程(E)は前記排気弁47dの開弁から始まり
排気弁47dの閉弁により終了し、圧縮行程は前記排気弁47dの閉弁から始まり前記T
DCで終了する。掃気行程は、BDCよりΔSだけ遅れて前記排気行程の中盤から始まり
、前記排気弁47dの閉弁よりCsだけ位相が遅れて終了し、前記ΔsとDsは排気と掃
気の圧力差により作動する逆止弁である吸気弁46dの弁の開閉により決まるタイミング
値であり内燃機関1dの運転状況等により変動する。
図12から分かるように排気弁47dの作動により排気行程は、シリンダストロークに対
して対象にする必要が無いので燃焼行程は十分な膨張仕事ができ、排気行程と圧縮行程に
重複する掃気行程は、排気が十分排出されて略大気圧に減圧されたシリンダ41dに掃気
を流入して効率よくガス交換ができ、排気弁47dの閉弁後に掃気を更に供給することに
より過給効果が発生する。
FIG. 12 is a timing diagram of the internal combustion engine of the fourth embodiment (FIG. 9).
The combustion stroke (B) in FIG. 12 starts from the start of combustion at TDC and ends by opening the exhaust valve 47d whose phase is ΔE earlier than BDC, and the exhaust stroke (E) starts from opening the exhaust valve 47d. The compression stroke ends with the closing of the exhaust valve 47d, and the compression stroke starts from the closing of the exhaust valve 47d.
Exit at DC The scavenging stroke starts from the middle of the exhaust stroke later by ΔS than BDC and ends in phase delayed by Cs from closing of the exhaust valve 47d, and the Δs and Ds are reversely operated by the pressure difference between the exhaust and scavenging air. It is a timing value determined by the opening and closing of the valve of the intake valve 46d which is a stop valve, and fluctuates depending on the operating condition of the internal combustion engine 1d and the like.
As can be seen from FIG. 12, the exhaust stroke does not have to be targeted with respect to the cylinder stroke by the operation of the exhaust valve 47d, so the combustion stroke can perform sufficient expansion work, and the scavenging stroke overlapping the exhaust stroke and the compression stroke is Exhaust gas is sufficiently discharged and scavenging air flows into the cylinder 41d reduced to substantially atmospheric pressure to perform efficient gas exchange, and by further supplying scavenging air after the exhaust valve 47d is closed, a supercharging effect is generated.

図13は、実施例4(図9)の往復圧縮機と掃気増幅手段を設けた内燃機関の各部のタイ
ミングチャートと試算による筒内圧力である。
図13の横軸は、2サイクル内燃機関(360°)のクランク角変位量であり、縦軸の各
項目は、上段より作動行程は前記図12の内燃機関1dのタイムチャート(帯グラフ)、
次は燃料供給のタイミングチャート(実施例4と異なる(火花点火式内燃機関)と(掃気
予混合)を含む)、次は出力手段4dと往復圧縮機25dの各要素のタイミングチャート
で、往復圧縮機25dのピストン252dの変異のハッチング部は往復圧縮機252dの
吸入量を示す。
最下段は以上の結果として内燃機関1dの出力を発生するシリンダ41dの筒内圧力の変
動の試算値である。
燃料供給は、各内燃機関をハッチングのタイミングに燃料供給することにより、掃気の吹
き抜けによる未燃焼燃料の流出を防止できる。
最下段のシリンダ41dの筒内圧力の変動は、ディーゼル機関である内燃機関1dの高速
高負荷時の燃焼(複合サイクル)であり、火花点火式内燃機関であっても図13と燃焼方
法以外は同じであり、タイミングチャートは掃気タイミングが過給圧等により多少変動す
るが大差はない。
FIG. 13 shows in-cylinder pressures estimated by calculation and timing charts of respective parts of an internal combustion engine provided with the reciprocating compressor and the scavenging air amplification means of the fourth embodiment (FIG. 9).
The horizontal axis of FIG. 13 is the crank angle displacement amount of the two-stroke internal combustion engine (360 °), and each item of the vertical axis is the time chart (band graph) of the internal combustion engine 1d of FIG.
Next is a timing chart of fuel supply (different from the fourth embodiment (including spark ignition type internal combustion engine) and (including scavenging air mixing)), next is a timing chart of each element of the output means 4d and the reciprocating compressor 25d The hatched portion of the variation of the piston 252d of the machine 25d indicates the suction amount of the reciprocating compressor 252d.
The lowermost portion is a trial calculation value of the in-cylinder pressure fluctuation of the cylinder 41d that generates the output of the internal combustion engine 1d as a result of the above.
The fuel supply can prevent the outflow of unburned fuel due to scavenging air by fueling the internal combustion engines at the timing of hatching.
The fluctuation of the pressure in the lowermost cylinder 41d is the combustion (combined cycle) at high speed and high load of the internal combustion engine 1d which is a diesel engine. The same is true for the timing chart, although the scavenging timing slightly fluctuates due to the supercharging pressure and the like, but there is no big difference.

図14は、前記実施例4(図9)の掃気増幅手段を設けた内燃機関の高速回転時の試算に
よるPV線図である。
図14のPV線図の縦軸は筒内圧力Pで、前記図13のシリンダ41dの筒内圧力と同じ
絶対圧力(abs)であり、横軸は前記内燃機関1dの前記BDCとTDCの間のピスト
ン移動による行程容積Vstである。
図14は、ディーゼル機関である前記内燃機関1dの試算による複合サイクルのPV線図
であるが、火花点火式内燃機関の場合とは、燃焼サイクルが異なるが、排気行程と掃気行
程の筒内圧力の値は異なるが挙動は同じである。
図中の太線(点E4〜点E3)は、前記内燃機関1dの高速高負荷運転時のPV線図で、
排気行程は、排気弁47dが開弁する点E3からピストン42dがBDCを点E4で折り
返してピストン42dがTDC側に移動中に排気弁47dが閉弁する点ES6までであり
、圧縮行程は、前記点ES6から点S7を通ってTDCの点C1までであり、燃焼行程は
、前記点C1でTDCを折り返して点B2を通って前記点E3までである。
掃気行程は、排気行程中の点ES5から前記排気弁47dが閉弁する点ES6を通って圧
縮行程の点S7までである。
図中の点B2から点E3、点S7から点C1、および想像線である2点鎖線の点ES6か
ら点P1dは、理想気体の状態方程式(PV=nRT)より求めた断熱膨張(B2〜E3
)あるいは断熱圧縮(S7〜C1)(ES6〜P1d)の状態変化である。
掃気行程において、排気弁47dの閉弁後に掃気が吸気弁46dからシリンダ42dに流
入することにより、点ES6から点S7に筒内圧力が上昇し、(Na)で示す自然吸気時
の断熱圧縮(ES6〜P1d)から、過給時の断熱圧縮(S7〜C1)の2サイクル内燃
機関の燃焼サイクルとなるので、圧縮仕事が増大し内燃機関1dの外部に対する仕事は減
少するが、燃焼行程で燃料と吸気の燃焼反応によりシリンダ42d内の吸気の体積が増大
するので、過給による前記圧縮仕事の増大により外部に対する仕事の減少の数倍の膨張仕
事の増大が発生し、内燃機関1dの外部に対する仕事W(太線内のハッチング部)が過給
により増大する。
以上のように、掃気増幅手段5による過給は、内燃機関1dの出力が増大するので、内燃
機関のダウンサイジングができる。
FIG. 14 is a PV diagram based on a trial calculation at high speed rotation of an internal combustion engine provided with the scavenging air amplification means of the fourth embodiment (FIG. 9).
The vertical axis of the PV diagram of FIG. 14 is the in-cylinder pressure P, which is the same absolute pressure (abs) as the in-cylinder pressure of the cylinder 41 d of FIG. 13. The horizontal axis is between the BDC and TDC of the internal combustion engine 1d. Stroke volume Vst due to piston movement of the
FIG. 14 is a PV diagram of a combined cycle based on a trial calculation of the internal combustion engine 1 d which is a diesel engine, but the combustion cycle is different from that of the spark ignition type internal combustion engine. Although the value of is different, the behavior is the same.
The thick lines (point E4 to point E3) in the figure are PV diagrams at high speed and high load operation of the internal combustion engine 1d,
The exhaust stroke is from the point E3 at which the exhaust valve 47d opens to the point ES6 at which the exhaust valve 47d closes while the piston 42d turns to the TDC side while the piston 42d turns BDC back at point E4; From the point ES6 through the point S7 to the point C1 of TDC, the combustion stroke is from TDC at the point C1 to the point E3 through the point B2.
The scavenging stroke is from the point ES5 in the exhaust stroke to the point S7 of the compression stroke through the point ES6 at which the exhaust valve 47d closes.
The points B2 to E3 in the figure, the points S7 to C1 and imaginary dotted lines ES6 to P1d of a two-dot chain line are adiabatic expansions (B2 to E3) obtained from the equation of state of the ideal gas (PV = nRT)
Or adiabatic compression (S7-C1) (ES6-P1d) state change.
In the scavenging stroke, scavenging flows into the cylinder 42d from the intake valve 46d after the exhaust valve 47d is closed, so that the pressure in the cylinder rises from the point ES6 to the point S7, and adiabatic compression at natural intake shown by (Na) From ES 6 to P 1 d), since the combustion cycle of the two-stroke internal combustion engine with adiabatic compression (S 7 to C 1) at supercharging is obtained, the compression work increases and the work for the outside of the internal combustion engine 1 d decreases, Since the volume of intake air in the cylinder 42d is increased due to the combustion reaction between the engine and the intake air, the increase in the compression work due to supercharging causes an increase in expansion work several times as much as the decrease in the work to the outside, to the outside of the internal combustion engine 1d. Work W (hatched part in thick line) increases due to supercharging.
As described above, since the output of the internal combustion engine 1d is increased by the supercharging by the scavenging air amplification means 5, downsizing of the internal combustion engine can be performed.

図15は、実施例5(請求項2対応)の、リフト逆止弁と従来技術(特開2016−12
5421)のトランスベクタを設けた掃気増幅手段と往復圧縮機を設けた内燃機関の断面
図である。
図15は、掃気供給手段として、内燃機関1uにて駆動する圧縮機である往復圧縮機25
uと、吸気通路である吸気流入通路22uと吸気流出通路23uの間に掃気増幅手段5u
を設け、前記掃気増幅手段5uはリフト逆止弁555uと前記リフト逆止弁555uの下
流に設けた空気流量増幅器である従来技術(特開2016−125421)のトランスベ
クタ53uから成り、前記空気流量増幅器であるトランスベクタ53uの駆動流通路58
uを前記往復圧縮機25uの吐出口である吐出弁257uに連通する請求項1に記載の2
サイクル内燃機関1uである。
前記駆動流通路58uは冷却フィンを設けて断熱圧縮した駆動流を空冷しているが、往復
圧縮機25u等の液冷冷却と共用することもできる。
吸気弁46uは逆止弁で吸気流通路23uと燃焼室の圧力差により、排気弁47uは図示
しない容積型油圧供給手段8uで発生する油圧を油圧通路88uから弁シリンダ471u
に供給して弁の開閉作動を行う。
往復圧縮機25uの連結棒253uは位相を進めてストロークを短縮するために出力手段
の連結棒43uにピギーバック接続し、往復圧縮機25uのシリンダ251uは出力手段
のシリンダ41uより小さくし、跳ねかけ潤滑を共用できる。
排気弁47uの弁駆動は前記実施例1と同じで、往復圧縮機25uと掃気増幅手段5uの
作用は前記実施例4と同じで説明を省略し、掃気増幅手段5uの構成と作用は、図16に
て説明する。
FIG. 15 shows the lift check valve of the fifth embodiment (corresponding to claim 2) and the prior art (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-12).
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an internal combustion engine provided with scavenging air amplification means provided with a transformer vector of 5421) and a reciprocating compressor.
FIG. 15 shows a reciprocating compressor 25 which is a compressor driven by the internal combustion engine 1 u as scavenging air supply means.
and the scavenging amplification means 5u between the intake inflow passage 22u, which is an intake passage, and the intake outflow passage 23u.
And the scavenging amplification means 5u comprises a lift check valve 555u and a transformer vector 53u of the prior art (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-125421) which is an air flow amplifier provided downstream of the lift check valve 555u Drive flow path 58 of the transformer vector 53u which is an amplifier
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein u is communicated with a discharge valve 257u which is a discharge port of the reciprocating compressor 25u.
It is a cycle internal combustion engine 1 u.
The drive flow passage 58u is provided with cooling fins to air-cool the adiabaticly compressed drive flow, but may be shared with liquid cooling and cooling such as a reciprocating compressor 25u.
The intake valve 46u is a check valve, and the pressure difference between the intake flow passage 23u and the combustion chamber, and the exhaust valve 47u is the hydraulic pressure generated by the positive displacement hydraulic pressure supply means 8u (not shown) from the hydraulic passage 88u to the valve cylinder 471u
Supply the valve to open and close the valve.
The connecting rod 253u of the reciprocating compressor 25u is piggyback connected to the connecting rod 43u of the output means to advance the phase and shorten the stroke, and the cylinder 251u of the reciprocating compressor 25u is smaller than the cylinder 41u of the output means and splashed It can share lubrication.
The valve drive of the exhaust valve 47u is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the operation of the reciprocating compressor 25u and the scavenging amplification means 5u is the same as that of the fourth embodiment and the explanation is omitted. This will be described in 16.

図16は、前記実施例5(図15)の従来技術(特開2016−125421)の可変ノ
ズル型のトランスベクタとリフト逆止弁で構成される掃気増幅手段5uの断面図である。
図16の前記トランスベクタ53uは、ノズル531の上流側のノズル面を設けたピスト
ン534を、ノズルが閉じる方向に付勢するスプリング535から成るノズル調整機構を
ハウジング533の内周面に設け、前記ノズル調整機構のピストン534とフランジ53
6の間にディスク557とスプリング556からなるリフト逆止弁555uを設ける。
前記リフト逆止弁555uは、フランジ536に設けたシリンダ部に、ディスク557と
該ディスク557をシリンダ部の座面にスプリング556で付勢し、前記ディスク557
には前記座面に着座時に閉鎖される複数の連通口と、略リング状の外周端部にストローク
を規制する当たりと、中央部に吸気流れを円滑にして通路抵抗を小さくするガイド凸部を
設けている。
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the scavenging air amplification means 5u configured of a variable nozzle type transvector and a lift check valve according to the prior art (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-125421) of the fifth embodiment (FIG. 15).
The transformer vector 53u of FIG. 16 is provided with a nozzle adjustment mechanism consisting of a spring 535 for urging the piston 534 provided with the nozzle surface on the upstream side of the nozzle 531 in the nozzle closing direction on the inner peripheral surface of the housing 533 Piston 534 and flange 53 of the nozzle adjustment mechanism
A lift check valve 555 u consisting of a disk 557 and a spring 556 is provided between the six.
The lift check valve 555 u urges the disc 557 and the disc 557 to the bearing surface of the cylinder portion with a spring 556 to the cylinder portion provided on the flange 536, and the disc 557 u.
In the case of a plurality of communicating ports closed when seated on the seating surface, a contact limiting the stroke at the substantially ring-shaped outer peripheral end, and a guide convex portion at the central portion to smooth the intake flow and reduce the passage resistance. It is provided.

掃気増幅手段5uの作用は、リフト逆止弁555uにて下流の吸気の圧力の上昇により発
生する吸気の逆流時に、スプリング556の付勢力と逆流吸気によりディスク557がフ
ランジ536の座面に付勢されて、該トランスベクタ53uによる逆流流量増幅現象を防
止し、該リフト逆止弁555uの下流の圧力が上流より低くなるとリフト逆止弁555u
を開弁して吸気流入通路22uから供給される吸気を空気流出通路23uに流出する。
前記ノズル531噴射部の通路径は、前後の吸気流入通路22uと吸気流出通路23uよ
り大きいので、前記ノズル531噴射部では吸気は減速し、その減速した吸気を駆動流で
流量増幅するので、効率よく流量増幅でき、高速運転にも対応できる。
掃気増幅手段5uは、トランスベクタ53uのノズル調整機構により駆動流の圧力と掃気
の流量状況に対応した駆動流の流量制御にて掃気の流量増幅を行い、リフト逆止弁555
uにより逆流流量増幅現象を防止して前記実施例4の図11の(S3)に示すように駆動
流で直接過給を行う。
The action of the scavenging air amplification means 5u is that the disk 557 is urged to the bearing surface of the flange 536 by the urging force of the spring 556 and the backflow air intake at the time of the backflow of the air intake generated by the pressure increase of the intake air downstream by the lift check valve And the reverse flow rate amplification phenomenon by the transformer vector 53u is prevented, and when the pressure downstream of the lift check valve 555u becomes lower than the upstream, the lift check valve 555u
To open the intake air supplied from the intake inflow passage 22 u to the air outflow passage 23 u.
Since the passage diameter of the nozzle 531 injection part is larger than the front and rear intake inflow passages 22 u and the intake outflow passage 23 u, in the nozzle 531 injection part, the intake is decelerated and the decelerated intake is amplified by the drive flow, so the efficiency The flow rate can be well amplified, and it can cope with high speed operation.
The scavenging air amplification means 5u amplifies the scavenging air flow rate by controlling the flow rate of the driving flow corresponding to the pressure of the driving flow and the scavenging flow rate condition by the nozzle adjustment mechanism of the transformer vector 53u,
The reverse flow rate amplification phenomenon is prevented by u, and direct charging is performed by the drive flow as shown in FIG. 11 (S3) of the fourth embodiment.

図17は、実施例6(請求項2対応)の掃気増幅手段と往復圧縮機を設けた2気筒内燃機
関1kの構成説明図の平面図(1)、K−K断面図(2)、L−L断面図(3)である。
図17は、上図(1)の2気筒内燃機関1kの平面図に示すように、燃焼室が略球面状の
各気筒に往復圧縮機25(k、L)を設け、掃気増幅手段5kに前記往復圧縮機25(k
、L)からの駆動流を駆動流通路58kから供給し、掃気増幅手段5kから各気筒のタン
ゼンシャルポートに掃気を流量増幅して供給して内燃機関1kの掃気と過給を行う。
中図(2)のK−K断面と、下図(3)のL−L断面に示すように、各気筒のクランク角
は180°異なるので、図18に示すように掃気の作動タイミングは干渉しないので、各
往復圧縮機25(k、L)と掃気増幅手段5kの作用は、前記実施例4と同じである。
掃気増幅手段5kを共用できるので、簡素な構成で安価に製作でき、燃焼効率が高く高出
力の内燃機関1kである。
FIG. 17 is a plan view (1), a sectional view taken along the line KK (2), L of a structural explanatory view of a two-cylinder internal combustion engine 1k provided with the scavenging air amplification means of the sixth embodiment (corresponding to claim 2) and a reciprocating compressor. -L sectional view (3).
As shown in the plan view of the two-cylinder internal combustion engine 1k in the upper diagram (1) in FIG. 17, a reciprocating compressor 25 (k, L) is provided in each cylinder whose combustion chamber is substantially spherical, The reciprocating compressor 25 (k
, L) are supplied from the drive flow passage 58k, and the scavenging air is supplied from the scavenging air amplification means 5k to the tangential ports of the respective cylinders, and the scavenging air is amplified and supplied to scavenge and supercharge the internal combustion engine 1k.
As shown in the middle section (2) K-K section and the lower section (3) L-L section, since the crank angle of each cylinder is different by 180 °, the operation timing of scavenging does not interfere as shown in FIG. Therefore, the operation of each reciprocating compressor 25 (k, L) and the scavenging amplification means 5 k is the same as that of the fourth embodiment.
Since the scavenging air amplification means 5k can be shared, the internal combustion engine 1k can be manufactured inexpensively with a simple configuration, has a high combustion efficiency, and has a high output.

図18は、前記実施例6(図17)の内燃機関の各気筒のタイミングチャートと試算によ
る筒内圧力である。
図18は、各項目には前記2気筒(K−K)(L−L)のデータを記載しているが、図表
の作成方法は前記実施例4(図13)の「内燃機関1dのタイミングチャートと試算によ
る筒内圧力」と同じであるので、図表の作成方法の説明は省略する。
図中の極太実線は第1気筒(K−K)、太破線(L−L)は第2気筒で、吸気流出通路2
3kが各気筒の燃焼室と吸気弁(k、L)の開弁により繋がるのは各気筒の掃気行程であ
るので、図の作動行程で分かるように各気筒の掃気行程はクランク角が180°位相か異
なるので干渉せず、同様に各往復圧縮機のピストン252(k、L)も吐出タイミングも
干渉しない。
FIG. 18 is a timing chart of each cylinder of the internal combustion engine of the sixth embodiment (FIG. 17) and in-cylinder pressure based on trial calculation.
FIG. 18 describes the data of the two-cylinder (K-K) (L-L) in each item, but the chart creation method is the “timing of the internal combustion engine 1 d of the fourth embodiment ( Since it is the same as the “in-cylinder pressure based on the chart and trial calculation”, the description of the method of creating the chart is omitted.
The thick solid line in the figure is the first cylinder (K-K), and the thick broken line (L-L) is the second cylinder.
Since it is the scavenging stroke of each cylinder that 3k is connected to the combustion chamber of each cylinder and the opening of the intake valve (k, L), the scavenging stroke of each cylinder has a crank angle of 180 °, as seen in the operation stroke of the figure. Since the phases are different, they do not interfere, and similarly neither the pistons 252 (k, L) of each reciprocating compressor nor the discharge timing interfere.

図19は、実施例7(請求項2対応)の掃気増幅手段と往復圧縮機を設けた3気筒内燃機
関の構成説明図の平面図(1)と前記平面図(1)のM−M断面図(2)である。
内燃機関1mは、各気筒の位相差が120°の直列3気筒の出力手段の各々の気筒に各々
の気筒より位相が進んだ往復圧縮機25(m1〜m3)を並行に設け、出力手段のクラン
ク軸44mと往復圧縮機25のクランク軸254m歯車で連動し、前記全ての往復圧縮機
の吐出口を吸気流入通路22mと吸気流出通路23mの間に設けた掃気増幅手段5mの空
気流量増幅器50mの駆動流通路58mに連通し、前記吸気流出通路23mを前記直列3
気筒の全ての吸気弁(タンゼンシャルポート)に連通する。
前記実施例6と同様に、各掃気行程は干渉しないが、往復圧縮機25の吐出が部分的に緩
衝するが大勢には影響がなく、内燃機関1mのシリンダを密集できるので、小型で出力の
大きな内燃機関にでき、燃焼性等のその他の利点は同じであるので説明を省略する。
FIG. 19 is a plan view (1) of a constitution explanatory view of a three-cylinder internal combustion engine provided with the scavenging air amplification means of the seventh embodiment (corresponding to claim 2) and a reciprocating compressor, and an MM cross section of the plan view (1). It is a figure (2).
In the internal combustion engine 1m, a reciprocating compressor 25 (m1 to m3) having a phase advanced from each cylinder is provided in parallel to each of the in-line three-cylinder output means having a phase difference of 120 ° for each cylinder. An air flow amplifier 50m of scavenging air amplification means 5m provided with a crankshaft 44m and a crankshaft 254m gear of the reciprocating compressor 25 and the discharge ports of all the reciprocating compressors provided between the intake inflow passage 22m and the intake outflow passage 23m In communication with the drive flow passage 58m of the
It communicates with all the intake valves (tangential port) of the cylinder.
As in the sixth embodiment, although the scavenging strokes do not interfere with each other, the discharge of the reciprocating compressor 25 partially buffers but there is no effect on many, and the cylinders of the internal combustion engine 1m can be compacted. A large internal combustion engine can be used, and the other advantages such as the flammability are the same, so the description will be omitted.

図20は、実施例8(請求項2対応)の往復圧縮機25sと、掃気増幅手段5sに制御弁
56を設けた2サイクル内燃機関1sの構成概念の説明図である。
図20は、掃気供給手段として、前記内燃機関1sにて駆動する往復圧縮機25sと、吸
気通路58sに掃気増幅手段5sとを設け、前記掃気増幅手段5sは逆止弁55sと前記
逆止弁55sの下流に設けた空気流量増幅器50sから成り、前記空気流量増幅器50s
の駆動流通路58sを前記往復圧縮機25sの吐出口に連通する請求項1に記載の2サイ
クル内燃機関1sである。
前記掃気増幅手段5sにおいて、前記空気流量増幅器50sの上流に制御弁56を設け、
前記内燃機関1sの運転状況に応じて前記制御弁56を制御し、掃気の圧力および流量を
調整する。
図20は、前記実施例4(図1)の内燃機関1dの燃焼室中央に点火プラグ11sを設け
、燃焼室に主燃料を供給するインジェクション12s、駆動流通路58sに冷却器581
と水素等の空気より密度が小さい気体燃料を供給するインジェクション12s2を設けた
火花点火式内燃機関1sである。
排気の性状が良好となる本願発明の内燃機関では、排気通路31sと駆動流通路58sに
連通する排気還流通路36を設け、前記排気還流通路36に制御弁38と排気通路31s
への逆流を防止する逆止弁37を設けて排気圧力を駆動流圧力に利用できるEGRが可能
である。
FIG. 20 is an explanatory view of a configuration concept of a two-stroke internal combustion engine 1s in which a control valve 56 is provided in the reciprocating compressor 25s of the eighth embodiment (corresponding to claim 2) and the scavenging amplification means 5s.
In FIG. 20, as the scavenging air supply means, a reciprocating compressor 25s driven by the internal combustion engine 1s and a scavenging air amplification means 5s are provided in the intake passage 58s, and the scavenging air amplification means 5s includes the check valve 55s and the check valve An air flow amplifier 50s provided downstream of 55s, said air flow amplifier 50s
The two-stroke internal combustion engine 1s according to claim 1, wherein the drive flow passage 58s is communicated with the discharge port of the reciprocating compressor 25s.
In the scavenging air amplification means 5s, a control valve 56 is provided upstream of the air flow rate amplifier 50s,
The control valve 56 is controlled in accordance with the operating condition of the internal combustion engine 1s to adjust the pressure and flow rate of the scavenging air.
In FIG. 20, an ignition plug 11s is provided at the center of the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 1d of the fourth embodiment (FIG. 1), and an injection 12s for supplying the main fuel to the combustion chamber and a cooler 581 for the drive flow passage 58s.
And an injection 12s2 for supplying a gaseous fuel having a density smaller than that of air such as hydrogen.
In the internal combustion engine according to the present invention, the exhaust gas recirculation passage 36 communicating with the exhaust gas passage 31s and the drive flow passage 58s is provided, and the control valve 38 and the exhaust gas passage 31s are provided in the exhaust gas recirculation passage 36.
An EGR is possible in which a check valve 37 is provided to prevent backflow to allow exhaust pressure to be used for drive flow pressure.

図20の内燃機関1sの作用は、往復圧縮機25sから供給される駆動流で掃気増幅手段
5sの空気流量増幅器50sにて掃気を流量増幅し、吹き抜けを補填して余りある掃気を
供給することにより、完全なガス交換と駆動流による掃気の加圧により過給を行う。
内燃機関1sの燃焼室の混合気が過給により過熱するとノッキング等の異常発火するのを
防止する効果がある。
制御弁56の調整により燃焼室のTDCでの吸気温度の制御等によりHCCIエンジン(
予混合圧縮自動着火)またはSPCCIエンジン(火花制御による圧縮着火燃焼)とする
ことにより燃焼性の改善と出力の向上の効果がある。
制御弁56を全開すると掃気増幅手段5sは通常の流量増幅による大量の掃気による完全
な掃気と過給を行い図21に示すPV線図の二点鎖線のような燃焼サイクルで外部に対す
る仕事を行い、制御弁56の開度を調整することにより流量増幅を抑制して掃気の流量を
減少することにより掃気行程での圧力上昇による過給効果を抑制し、前記PV線図の太線
に示すように外部に対する仕事Wbを行う自然吸気運転あるいは吸気を更に削減した運転
ができるので内燃機関1sの燃焼室の過熱を防止し、燃焼室の吸気の温度を制御できるの
で、制御弁56の開度の制御によりTDCでの予混合気の温度をHCCI運転ができる範
囲に制御でき、制御方法は実施例13にて説明する。
制御弁56は、電動式の構造が簡単なバタフライバルブでも、直線的な開度制御ができる
ポペット式等でもよい。
In the operation of the internal combustion engine 1s of FIG. 20, scavenging air is amplified at the air flow rate amplifier 50s of the scavenging air amplification means 5s by a drive flow supplied from the reciprocating compressor 25s, and scavenging is supplied by compensating for blowby. Thus, supercharging is performed by complete gas exchange and pressurization of scavenging air by drive flow.
When the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 1s is superheated due to supercharging, there is an effect of preventing abnormal ignition such as knocking.
By adjusting the control valve 56 and controlling the intake air temperature at the TDC of the combustion chamber etc.
By using a premixed compression auto-ignition) or an SPCCI engine (compression-ignition combustion with spark control), there are effects of improvement of the combustibility and improvement of the output.
When the control valve 56 is fully opened, the scavenging amplification means 5s performs complete scavenging and supercharging with a large amount of scavenging by normal flow amplification, and performs work for the outside in a combustion cycle like a two-dot chain line in the PV diagram shown in FIG. By suppressing the flow amplification by adjusting the opening degree of the control valve 56 and reducing the flow rate of scavenging, the supercharging effect due to the pressure increase in the scavenging stroke is suppressed, as shown by the thick line of the PV diagram. Since natural intake operation to perform work Wb to the outside or operation with reduced intake can be further prevented, overheating of the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 1s can be prevented, and temperature of intake of the combustion chamber can be controlled. Thus, the temperature of the premixed gas at TDC can be controlled to a range where HCCI operation can be performed, and a control method will be described in Example 13.
The control valve 56 may be a butterfly valve having a simple motorized structure, or may be a poppet type capable of linear opening control.

図21は、前記実施例8(図20)の掃気増幅手段に設けた制御弁56による掃気の流量
増幅抑制時の試算によるPV線図である。
図21の作図方法は、前記実施例4(図14)と同じであるので説明を省略する。
排気増幅手段5sの制御弁56により掃気と過給の調整ができ、図21の太線(点E4b
〜点E3b)は、前記内燃機関1sの低負荷運転時に前記制御弁56の制御により過給作
用を抑制した自然吸気運転時のPV線図で外部に対する仕事Wb(太線内のハッチング部
)を燃焼サイクル毎に行う。
図21の二点鎖線は、前記制御弁56を全開した過給運転時のPV線図で、排気行程と掃
気行程の掃気増幅手段の作用は、前記実施例4(図14)の太線(点E4〜点E3)の燃
焼サイクルと同じであるので、説明を省略する。
掃気増幅手段5による過給は、内燃機関1sの出力が増大するので、内燃機関のダウンサ
イジングができ、更に、掃気増幅手段5に設けた制御弁56により、内燃機関1sの運転
状況に対応した掃気と過給によりTDCでの予混合気の温度を調整できるので、HCCI
エンジンまたはSPCCIエンジンへの運転切換ができる。
前記実施例4(図14)の内燃機関1dはディーゼル機関であり、図21に示す実施例8
の内燃機関1sは火花点火式内燃機関であり、理論サイクル(サバティサイクルとオット
ーサイクル)が異なるが、両方の実施例は共に内燃機関の種類を限定するものではなく、
ディーゼル機関でも火花点火式内燃機関でもよい。
FIG. 21 is a PV diagram based on a trial calculation at the time of suppression of the flow rate amplification of scavenging by the control valve 56 provided in the scavenging amplification means of the eighth embodiment (FIG. 20).
The drawing method of FIG. 21 is the same as that of the fourth embodiment (FIG. 14), so the description will be omitted.
Scavenging and supercharging can be adjusted by the control valve 56 of the exhaust amplification means 5s, and the thick line in FIG. 21 (point E4 b
The point E3b) is a PV diagram at the time of natural intake operation in which the supercharging operation is suppressed by the control of the control valve 56 at the time of low load operation of the internal combustion engine 1s; Do every cycle.
The two-dot chain line in FIG. 21 is a PV diagram at the time of supercharging operation with the control valve 56 fully opened, and the function of the scavenging air amplification means of the exhaust stroke and scavenging stroke is the thick line (dots) of the fourth embodiment (FIG. Since this is the same as the combustion cycle at E4 to E3), the description will be omitted.
The supercharging by the scavenging air amplification means 5 increases the output of the internal combustion engine 1s, so downsizing of the internal combustion engine can be performed, and the control valve 56 provided in the scavenging air amplification means 5 corresponds to the operating condition of the internal combustion engine 1s. Since the temperature of the premixed gas at TDC can be adjusted by scavenging and supercharging, HCCI
The operation can be switched to the engine or the SPCCI engine.
The internal combustion engine 1d of the fourth embodiment (FIG. 14) is a diesel engine, and an eighth embodiment shown in FIG.
The internal combustion engine 1s is a spark ignition type internal combustion engine, and the theoretical cycles (Sabati cycle and Otto cycle) are different, but both embodiments do not limit the type of the internal combustion engine.
It may be a diesel engine or a spark ignition internal combustion engine.

図22は、実施例9(請求項3対応)の燃焼室に放射状に複数の吸気弁と排気弁を交互に
配置し、排気弁を2本の各カム軸に設けたカムにより開閉し、吸気弁を逆止弁とする掃気
増幅手段を設けた2気筒2サイクル内燃機関の構成概念の説明図である。
図22は、燃焼室410nに放射状に複数の吸気弁46nと排気弁47nを交互に配置し
、クランク軸44nの回転数と同じ回転数で連動する平行な2本のカム軸407(−1、
−2)を設け、前記排気弁47nを前記2本の各カム軸407(−1、−2)に設けたカ
ム408(−1、−2)により開閉し、前記吸気弁46nをリフト逆止弁とする請求項2
に記載の2サイクル内燃機関1nである。
吸気弁46nは、リフト逆止弁で、掃気と燃焼室の圧力差により開弁する。
内燃機関1nは、クランク軸44nに設けた駆動車401で伝動媒体403nを介してカ
ム軸407-1に設けた駆動車401と同じ有効径(φDn)の従動車402を駆動し、
カム軸407−1をクランク軸44nに同期回転する。
前記カム軸407−1に設けた駆動歯車405に噛合うカム軸407−2に設けた前記駆
動歯車405とピッチ円直径が同じ従動歯車406により、カム408(−1、−3)を
設けたカム軸407−1とカム408(−2、−4)を設けたカム軸407−2は同一回
転数で逆方向に回転する。
カム408―1とカム408−2は、シリンダ軸に対し左右対称のカム形状とし、それぞ
れのカムで作動する各排気弁47nはクランク軸44nに同期して開弁する。
燃焼室410nに放射状に複数の吸気弁46nと排気弁47nを交互に配置し、更に吸気
弁46n同士と排気弁47n同士は同一線上に配置し、下図に示すように吸気弁46nと
排気弁47nの狭角をθn(θn>90°)とすることにより、多気筒の弁の配置干渉を
軽減し、気筒間の距離を短縮することができ、小型軽量で、剛性の大きいシリンダブロッ
クにできる。
内燃機関1nのタンゼンシャルポート230nとインジェクタ12nから供給される燃料
の作用は実施例1と、往復圧縮機25nと掃気増幅手段5nの作用は実施例8と重複する
ので説明を省略する。
In FIG. 22, a plurality of intake valves and exhaust valves are alternately arranged radially in the combustion chamber of the ninth embodiment (corresponding to claim 3), and exhaust valves are opened and closed by cams provided on each of two camshafts. It is explanatory drawing of the construction concept of the 2 cylinder 2 cycle internal combustion engine which provided the scavenging air amplification means which makes a valve a non-return valve.
In FIG. 22, a plurality of intake valves 46n and exhaust valves 47n are alternately arranged radially in the combustion chamber 410n, and two parallel camshafts 407 (-1, -1, interlocked at the same rotational speed as the rotational speed of the crankshaft 44n).
2), and the exhaust valve 47n is opened and closed by a cam 408 (-1, -2) provided on each of the two camshafts 407 (-1, -2), and the intake valve 46n is lifted and stopped. Claim 2 as a valve
It is a two-stroke internal combustion engine 1 n described in 4.
The intake valve 46 n is a lift check valve, and is opened by the pressure difference between the scavenging air and the combustion chamber.
The internal combustion engine 1n drives a driven vehicle 402 having the same effective diameter (φDn) as the drive vehicle 401 provided on the camshaft 407-1 via a transmission medium 403n by a drive vehicle 401 provided on the crankshaft 44n.
The camshaft 407-1 is synchronously rotated with the crankshaft 44n.
A cam 408 (-1, -3) is provided by a driven gear 406 having the same pitch circle diameter as the drive gear 405 provided on the cam shaft 407-2 meshing with the drive gear 405 provided on the cam shaft 407-1. The cam shaft 407-2 provided with the cam shaft 407-1 and the cam 408 (-2, 4) rotates in the opposite direction at the same rotation speed.
The cam 408-1 and the cam 408-2 have cam shapes symmetrical with respect to the cylinder axis, and the exhaust valves 47n operated by the respective cams open in synchronization with the crankshaft 44n.
A plurality of intake valves 46n and exhaust valves 47n are alternately arranged radially in the combustion chamber 410n, and the intake valves 46n and the exhaust valves 47n are disposed on the same line, and the intake valves 46n and the exhaust valves 47n as shown in the figure below. By setting the narrow angle of θ to θn (θn> 90 °), the arrangement interference of multi-cylinder valves can be reduced, the distance between cylinders can be shortened, and a compact, lightweight, rigid cylinder block can be obtained.
The operation of the fuel supplied from the tangential port 230n and the injector 12n of the internal combustion engine 1n is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the operation of the reciprocating compressor 25n and the scavenging amplification means 5n is the same as that of the eighth embodiment.

図23は、実施例10(請求項3対応)の2本のカム軸により、排気弁がカム駆動で吸気
弁が油圧手段を介して油圧駆動する2気筒2サイクル内燃機関の平面図と周辺回路図であ
る。
図23は、燃焼室に放射状に複数の吸気弁46pと排気弁47pを交互に配置し、クラン
ク軸44pに駆動車401p、カム軸407pに前記駆動車401pと同じ有効径の従動
車402pと駆動歯車405pを設け、カム軸407p2に前記駆動歯車405pに噛合
う同じピッチ円直径の従動歯車406pを設け、前記クランク軸44pの回転数と同じ回
転数で連動する平行な2本の前記カム軸(407p、407p2)を設け、排気弁47p
を前記2本の各カム軸(407p、407p2)に設けたカム408pにより開閉し、前
記吸気弁46pを前記カムとは別のカムに連動する油圧手段である弁駆動ユニット80(
p1、p2、p3)により開閉する請求項2に記載の2サイクル内燃機関1pである。
前記駆動車401pは伝動媒体403pを介して従動車402pを駆動し、前記弁駆動ユ
ニット80(p1、p2、p3)はカムに連動するプランジャ84(p1、p2、p3)
で発生する油圧にて吸気弁46pを開弁する。
内燃機関1pのタンゼンシャルポート230nとインジェクタ1pから供給される燃料の
作用は実施例1と、往復圧縮機25pと掃気増幅手段5pの作用は実施例8と重複するの
で説明を省略する。
FIG. 23 is a plan view and peripheral circuits of a two-cylinder two-stroke internal combustion engine in which an exhaust valve is cam driven and an intake valve is hydraulically driven via hydraulic means by two camshafts of Embodiment 10 (corresponding to claim 3) FIG.
In FIG. 23, a plurality of intake valves 46p and exhaust valves 47p are alternately arranged radially in the combustion chamber, the drive wheel 401p is for the crankshaft 44p, and the driven wheel 402p with the same effective diameter as the drive wheel 401p is for drive on the camshaft 407p. A gear 405p is provided, and the cam shaft 407p2 is provided with a driven gear 406p having the same pitch circle diameter that meshes with the drive gear 405p, and two parallel cam shafts interlocked at the same rotation speed as the rotation speed of the crankshaft 44p ( 407p, 407p2), and the exhaust valve 47p
Valve drive unit 80 (hydraulic means) that opens and closes the cams 408p provided on the two respective cam shafts (407p, 407p2) and interlocks the intake valve 46p with a cam other than the cams.
It is a two-stroke internal combustion engine 1p according to claim 2, which is opened and closed by p1, p2, p3).
The driving wheel 401p drives the driven wheel 402p through the transmission medium 403p, and the valve driving unit 80 (p1, p2, p3) is interlocked with the cam. The plunger 84 (p1, p2, p3)
The intake valve 46p is opened by the hydraulic pressure generated in
The actions of the fuel supplied from the tangential port 230n of the internal combustion engine 1p and the injector 1p are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the actions of the reciprocating compressor 25p and the scavenging amplifier 5p are the same as those of the eighth embodiment.

図24は、前記実施例10(図23)の、TDCの各燃料濃度層の分布状況と水素可燃層
の点火時のSPCCIエンジン(火花制御による圧縮着火燃焼)の説明図である。
図24は、前記実施10(図23)のピストン頂面の中央に半径SRp2の球面状キャビ
ティ420pを設けたピストン47gがTDCにて点火プラグ11pにて点火した状態の
説明図で、吸気弁46pは弁駆動ユニット80p2から供給される油圧により開弁し、排
気弁47pはカム軸407pに設けたカム408pにより開弁する。
TDCでは全ての弁が閉弁し、断熱圧縮により予混合吸気はガソリンの発火点(300℃
)以下の温度まで昇温し、エジェクタ12p1から供給された水素は前記実施例2で説明
したスワールの遠心分離作用により高濃度層F1pから順次水素の濃度が低下する同心円
状の分布層(F2p〜F4p)を形成し、インジェクタ12p2から供給された主燃料で
あるガソリンは、密度が大きいので低濃度層F3p付近に拡散する。
点火プラグ11pにて点火した水素は、高濃度層F1pから高速火炎伝播して燃焼し、高
濃度層側F1pに拡散した一部のガソリンと一緒に高速燃焼するので、燃焼室の圧力上昇
により温度は急激に上昇してガソリンの発火点を超えるので燃焼室内で一斉にガソリンが
燃焼し、燃焼が進むにつれ更に水素の発火点(585℃)も超えるが、その時点では水素
の高速火炎伝播により既に水素は殆んど燃焼している。
このように、掃気増幅手段5pの制御弁56pの制御により点火プラグ11pの火花点火
により高速燃焼が可能なSPCCIエンジン(火花制御による圧縮着火燃焼)とし、燃焼
性を改善し、内燃機関1pの熱効率の向上と出力の増大ができる。
前記TDCでの予混合気の温度を制御弁56pの制御によりガソリンの発火点(300℃
)以上に制御することによりHCCIエンジン(予混合圧縮自動着火)とすることもでき
る。
図24に示すように、上記作用によりピストン頂面の球面状キャビティ420pには燃料
濃度の低い複数の環状層が主に接触するので、ピストン42pにより高濃度可燃層(F1
p)等の燃焼が妨げられないので燃焼性が向上し、ピストン42pの頂面の大半の面積が
低い濃度層(F3p、F4p)に接するので熱損失が抑制されて出力が向上し、ピストン
42pの過熱を抑制する効果がある。
スワールによる遠心分離作用等の作用は前記実施例2と重複するので説明を省略する。
FIG. 24 is an explanatory view of a distribution state of fuel concentration layers of TDC and an SPCCI engine (compression ignition combustion by spark control) at the time of ignition of a hydrogen combustible layer in the tenth embodiment (FIG. 23).
FIG. 24 is an explanatory view of a state where a piston 47g provided with a spherical cavity 420p of radius SRp2 at the center of the piston top surface in the above-mentioned Embodiment 10 (FIG. 23) is ignited by the spark plug 11p at TDC. The valve is opened by the hydraulic pressure supplied from the valve drive unit 80p2, and the exhaust valve 47p is opened by a cam 408p provided on the cam shaft 407p.
In TDC, all the valves are closed, and the adiabatic compression makes the premixed intake air the ignition point of gasoline (300 ° C
The temperature is increased to the following temperature, and the hydrogen supplied from the ejector 12p1 is concentrically distributed layer (F2p ~) in which the concentration of hydrogen decreases sequentially from the high concentration layer F1p by the centrifugal separation action of the swirl described in the second embodiment. The gasoline that forms F4p) and is the main fuel supplied from the injector 12p2 diffuses in the vicinity of the low concentration layer F3p because the density is large.
The hydrogen ignited by the spark plug 11p propagates at a high speed from the high concentration layer F1p and burns, and burns together with a part of the gasoline diffused to the high concentration layer side F1p. The temperature rises rapidly and exceeds the ignition point of gasoline, so gasoline is burned all at once in the combustion chamber, and the ignition point (585 ° C) of hydrogen is further exceeded as the combustion proceeds, but at that point the high speed flame propagation of hydrogen already Hydrogen is almost burning.
Thus, by controlling the control valve 56p of the scavenging air amplification means 5p, the SPCCI engine (compressive ignition combustion by spark control) is made possible by high-speed combustion by spark ignition of the spark plug 11p, and the combustibility is improved, and the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine 1p Improve output and increase output.
The temperature of the premixed gas at the TDC is controlled by the control valve 56p and the ignition point of gasoline (300 ° C.
The HCCI engine (premixed compression auto-ignition) can also be obtained by controlling the above.
As shown in FIG. 24, a plurality of annular layers with low fuel concentration are mainly in contact with the spherical cavity 420p on the top face of the piston by the above action, so the piston 42p makes the highly concentrated combustible layer (F1)
p) and the like, combustion is improved, and the combustibility is improved, and most of the area of the top surface of the piston 42p is in contact with the low concentration layer (F3p, F4p), so the heat loss is suppressed and the output is improved. Has the effect of suppressing the overheating of the
The action of the centrifugal separation action and the like by the swirl is the same as that of the second embodiment, so the description will be omitted.

図25は、実施例11(請求項4対応)の掃気増幅手段と酸水素発生装置を備えた水素を
燃料とする内燃機関の構成概念の説明図である。
図25は、内燃機関1hに電気的手段により運転する酸水素発生装置9を設け、前記酸水
素発生装置9で発生する酸水素を、前記空気より密度が小さい燃料として供給する請求項
3に記載の2サイクル内燃機関1hである。
流体供給手段7hの燃料タンク75hに加圧貯蔵された水素を流体制御手段6hの減圧弁
64hで減圧し、酸水素発生手段9の酸水素発生装置90を二次電池96で作動して電解
液タンク94の電解液を電気分解して発生する酸水素を流体制御手段6hの制御弁63h
で供給量を調整し、前記水素と酸水素を高圧燃料ポンプ13hに供給して加圧し、インジ
ェクタ12hから適時燃焼室に燃料噴射する。水素と酸水素の混合比は、燃料センサ62
hで調整し、燃料噴射量を決定する。
二次電池96の替わりに、内燃機関1hにより駆動される発電機により発生する電力によ
り前記酸水素発生装置90を運転することもできる。
電気分解で酸水素を発生できるので、水素の自給または燃料タンク75hの水素の補充量
を減少でき、酸水素発生装置90の二次電池96を利用して実施例13に示すようなハイ
ブリッド車両のエネルギ回生ができる。
排気弁47hの弁駆動機構、往復圧縮機25h等の構成、作用は実施例9と同じであるの
で説明を省略する。
FIG. 25 is an explanatory view of a configuration concept of an internal combustion engine using hydrogen as a fuel and provided with the scavenging air amplification means and the oxyhydrogen generator of Example 11 (corresponding to claim 4).
FIG. 25 shows the internal combustion engine 1h provided with an oxyhydrogen generator 9 operated by an electrical means, and supplying the oxyhydrogen generated by the oxyhydrogen generator 9 as a fuel having a density smaller than that of the air. 2 cycle internal combustion engine 1h.
The hydrogen stored under pressure in the fuel tank 75h of the fluid supply means 7h is depressurized by the pressure reducing valve 64h of the fluid control means 6h, and the oxyhydrogen generation device 90 of the oxyhydrogen generation means 9 is operated with the secondary battery 96 to make the electrolyte The oxyhydrogen generated by electrolyzing the electrolytic solution in the tank 94 is controlled by the control valve 63h of the fluid control means 6h.
The supply amount is adjusted, the hydrogen and the oxyhydrogen are supplied to the high pressure fuel pump 13h to be pressurized, and the fuel is injected from the injector 12h to the combustion chamber as appropriate. The mixing ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is the fuel sensor 62
Adjust with h to determine the fuel injection amount.
Instead of the secondary battery 96, the oxyhydrogen generator 90 can also be operated by the electric power generated by the generator driven by the internal combustion engine 1h.
Since oxyhydrogen can be generated by electrolysis, it is possible to reduce the self-supply of hydrogen or the replenishment amount of hydrogen in the fuel tank 75h, and the hybrid vehicle as shown in Example 13 using the secondary battery 96 of the oxyhydrogen generator 90. Energy regeneration is possible.
The structure of the valve drive mechanism of the exhaust valve 47h, the configuration of the reciprocating compressor 25h, and the like, and the operation are the same as those of the ninth embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

図26は、実施例12(請求項4対応)の、従来技術(特許文献9)の電解液に超音波を
付加する酸水素発生装置の構成概念の説明図で、前記実施例11(図25)の前記酸水素
発生装置の一例である。
図26は、電解槽914内に層状配置する陰極911と陽極912と、前記陰極911と
前記陽極912との間に直流電圧を印加する直流電源913と、電解液915の供給を制
御する電解液制御手段であるポンプ917と、電気分解にて発生する気体を捕集する気体
捕集手段である制御弁918と、で構成する電気分解手段91と、超音波発振子921と
、前記超音波発振子921を電気的手段により超音波振動させる高周波発生器922と、
で構成する超音波発振手段92と、を備えた酸水素発生装置90rにおいて、前記超音波
振動子と前記電解液を伝搬する超音波振動の反射面との距離を超音波波長の4分の1の整
数倍とし、前記電気分解手段91は、前記陰極911と前記陽極912を、前記超音波発
振子921から発振する超音波振動の伝搬方向に対し垂直な平面上に配置し、超音波振動
が前記陰極911と前記陽極912を通過して伝搬できるように前記陰極911と前記陽
極912をスラット状またはグリッド状とし、更に、前記超音波発振子921の振動面か
ら、超音波波長(λ)の4分の1の奇数倍の距離に前記陰極911を、超音波波長(λ)
の4分の1の偶数倍の距離に前記陽極912を、配置する酸水素発生装置6rである。
上記酸水素発生装置90rは、電極の配置密度を大きくできるので酸水素発生装置を小型
化できる。
更に、電解効率を低下させる陰極に発生する析出物を超音波の剥離除去作用により除去し
、陽極に発生する気泡状のガスを超音波の電解液往復運動による気泡脱離作用により陽極
から離脱するので、電解効率の低下を防止できる効果があり、移動手段への組み込みが容
易となる。
FIG. 26 is an explanatory view of a constitution concept of an oxyhydrogen generator for adding an ultrasonic wave to an electrolytic solution of a prior art (Patent Document 9) of Example 12 (corresponding to claim 4) And the like.
FIG. 26 shows a cathode 911 and an anode 912 arranged in layers in the electrolytic cell 914, a DC power supply 913 for applying a DC voltage between the cathode 911 and the anode 912, and an electrolyte for controlling the supply of the electrolyte 915. An electrolysis means 91 comprising a pump 917 as control means and a control valve 918 as gas collection means for collecting gas generated by electrolysis, an ultrasonic oscillator 921 and the ultrasonic oscillation A high frequency generator 922 for ultrasonically vibrating the element 921 by electrical means;
In the oxyhydrogen generator 90r, the distance between the ultrasonic transducer and the reflection surface of the ultrasonic vibration propagating through the electrolytic solution is set to 1⁄4 of the ultrasonic wavelength. The electrolysis means 91 arranges the cathode 911 and the anode 912 on a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the ultrasonic vibration oscillated from the ultrasonic wave generator 921 and the ultrasonic vibration is The cathode 911 and the anode 912 are slat-like or grid-like so as to be able to propagate through the cathode 911 and the anode 912, and from the vibration plane of the ultrasonic oscillator 921 at an ultrasonic wavelength (λ). Ultrasonic wavelength (λ) at a distance of an odd multiple of 1⁄4,
The anode 912 is disposed at a distance of an even multiple of one fourth of the above.
Since the above-mentioned oxyhydrogen generator 90r can increase the arrangement density of the electrodes, the oxyhydrogen generator can be miniaturized.
Furthermore, the deposit generated on the cathode which lowers the electrolytic efficiency is removed by the peeling and removing action of the ultrasonic wave, and the bubble-like gas generated on the anode is separated from the anode by the bubble desorbing action due to the electrolyte reciprocation of the ultrasonic wave. Therefore, there is an effect that the reduction of the electrolysis efficiency can be prevented, and the incorporation into the moving means becomes easy.

図27は、実施例13(請求項4対応)の掃気増幅手段、酸水素発生装置、と回生手段を
設けたハイブリッド車両の火花点火式内燃機関の構成概念の説明図である。
図27の内燃機関1tは、前記実施例8(図20)の内燃機関1sの吸気口をタンゼンシ
ャルポート230tとし、燃焼室を半径SRtの略球面状とし、インジェクタ12tを駆
動流通路ではなく、吸気流出通路23tに設けたものである。
インジェクタ12tに供給する酸水素は、酸水素発生手段9tの酸水素発生装置90tを
制御して酸水素の発生量を調整し、発生した酸水素を流体制御手段6の制御弁63にて圧
力調整し、余剰酸水素は制御弁63−2にてアキュムレータ67に適時に貯蔵/放出し、
酸水素を安定供給し、回生エネルギを酸水素に変換して貯蔵することにより二次電池の電
気容量の負荷を軽減する。
前記酸水素は、インジェクタ12tから吸気流出通路23tに適時に供給し、排気弁47
tの閉弁後に燃焼室に流入する吸気に予混合することにより燃料の吹き抜けを防止する。
インジェクタ12t2に供給する火花点火式内燃機関1tの主燃料であるガソリン等は、
流体供給手段7tの燃料タンク75tに貯蔵し、高圧燃料ポンプ13tで加圧して供給し
、インジェクタ12t2にて排気弁47tの閉弁直後に燃焼室に供給し、燃料の吹き抜け
を防止する。
燃焼室に供給された前記燃料は、実施例1と同様にスワールの遠心分離作用により水素は
点火プラグ11t付近に集まり、点火プラグ11tにより最小着火エネルギが小さい水素
に点火し、燃焼速度が大きい水素のシリンダ軸の中心から周方向に均一な火炎伝播により
、主燃料の燃焼を促進して内燃機関1tの出力増大効果がある。
シリンダ軸対称の層状燃料層の最外層は極低濃度層となるので、火炎伝播の到達する以前
に急激に残りの未燃混合気が燃焼するノッキングが防止でき、前記最外層は燃焼室壁に接
する面積が大きいが極低濃度層であるので冷却損失が抑制でき、更に酸水素の酸素は吸気
の酸素富化により、熱効率の向上と排気性状の改善の効果がある。
前記酸水素発生手段9tは、直流電源を供給する二次電池96tとインバータ97に並列
に接続され、前記インバータ97にてモータ/発電機98に電気エネルギの授受を行い、
内燃機関1tの出力アシストまたはエネルギ回生を行う。
内燃機関1tの制御システムは後述する制御システム(図27)の構成概念の説明図にて
、前記ハイブリッド車両のHCCIエンジンまたはSPCCIエンジンへの運転切換え等
の内燃機関1tの制御方法は後述する制御フローチャート(図28)にて説明する。
FIG. 27 is an illustration of a conceptual configuration of a spark ignition type internal combustion engine of a hybrid vehicle provided with a scavenging air amplification means, an oxyhydrogen generator and a regeneration means of Embodiment 13 (corresponding to claim 4).
In the internal combustion engine 1t shown in FIG. 27, the intake port of the internal combustion engine 1s of the eighth embodiment (FIG. 20) is a tangential port 230t, the combustion chamber is substantially spherical with a radius SRt, and the injector 12t is not a drive flow passage. , In the intake and outlet passages 23t.
The acid hydrogen supplied to the injector 12t controls the amount of generated acid hydrogen by controlling the acid hydrogen generator 90t of the acid hydrogen generating means 9t, and the pressure of the generated acid hydrogen is adjusted by the control valve 63 of the fluid control means 6. The excess oxyhydrogen is stored / released in time to the accumulator 67 at the control valve 63-2,
By stably supplying oxyhydrogen and converting regenerative energy into oxyhydrogen for storage, the load of the electric capacity of the secondary battery is reduced.
The oxyhydrogen is timely supplied from the injector 12t to the intake and outlet passage 23t and the exhaust valve 47
By pre-mixing the intake air flowing into the combustion chamber after the valve closing of t, the blowout of fuel is prevented.
The gasoline which is the main fuel of the spark ignition type internal combustion engine 1t to be supplied to the injector 12t2 is
The fuel is stored in the fuel tank 75t of the fluid supply means 7t, pressurized and supplied by the high pressure fuel pump 13t, and is supplied to the combustion chamber immediately after the exhaust valve 47t is closed by the injector 12t2 to prevent the blowout of fuel.
In the fuel supplied to the combustion chamber, hydrogen is collected in the vicinity of the spark plug 11t by the centrifugal separation action of the swirl as in the first embodiment, and hydrogen having a small minimum ignition energy is ignited by the spark plug 11t. The uniform flame propagation in the circumferential direction from the center of the cylinder axis promotes the combustion of the main fuel to increase the output of the internal combustion engine 1t.
Since the outermost layer of the cylinder-axisymmetric layered fuel layer is a very low concentration layer, it is possible to prevent knocking that the remaining unburned mixture burns rapidly before reaching the flame propagation, and the outermost layer is on the combustion chamber wall Although the area in contact is large but because it is a very low concentration layer, cooling loss can be suppressed, and oxygen of oxyhydrogen has the effects of improving thermal efficiency and improving exhaust properties by oxygen enrichment of intake air.
The oxy-hydrogen generating unit 9t is connected in parallel to a secondary battery 96t for supplying DC power and an inverter 97, and the inverter 97 exchanges electric energy with the motor / generator 98.
The output assist or energy regeneration of the internal combustion engine 1t is performed.
The control system of the internal combustion engine 1t is an explanatory view of a configuration concept of a control system (FIG. 27) described later, and a control flowchart of the internal combustion engine 1t such as operation switching of the hybrid vehicle to HCCI engine or SPCCI engine will be described later This will be described with reference to FIG.

図28は、前記実施例13(図27)の前記ハイブリッド車両の内燃機関で、HCCIエ
ンジンまたはSPCCIエンジンとして運転できる制御システムの構成概念の説明図であ
る。
内燃機関1tの電子制御装置であるECU19は、CPU(中央演算処理装置)、RAM
とROMからなる記憶素子、入力ポート、出力ポート、およびDC電源で構成され、本図
では前記入出力ポートの接続は、中継機器(コントローラ、アンプ、コンバータ等)は図
示省略している。
前記ハイブリッド車両の内燃機関1tは、クランク角センサ45、ノックセンサ48、水
温センサ49、等の入力情報と、前記ハイブリッド車両の制御補助装置であるアクセル開
度センサ17、ブレーキ開度センサ18、図示しない車速センサ等の入力情報により、E
CU19が内燃機関1tの運転状況を分析、判断、及び予想して、前記出力手段4tの点
火プラグ11tとインジェクタ(12t、12t2)を内燃機関の運転状況に対応し、掃
気増幅手段5tの制御弁56tにて掃気量と過給圧を調整し、流体供給手段6の制御弁(
63、63−2)で酸水素の供給圧を調整し、排気還流通路に設けた制御弁38tにて排
気還流量を調整制御する。
前記内燃機関1tの制御システムにより、前記ハイブリッド車両の運転状況に対応してE
CU19が下記制御フローチャート(図28)に従って内燃機関1tの制御を行う。
FIG. 28 is an explanatory view of a configuration concept of a control system which can be operated as an HCCI engine or an SPCCI engine in the internal combustion engine of the hybrid vehicle of the thirteenth embodiment (FIG. 27).
The ECU 19 which is an electronic control unit for the internal combustion engine 1t has a CPU (central processing unit) and a RAM.
And a ROM, and an input port, an output port, and a DC power supply. In the figure, the connection between the input and output ports is omitted from the relay device (controller, amplifier, converter, etc.).
The internal combustion engine 1t of the hybrid vehicle includes input information such as a crank angle sensor 45, a knock sensor 48, a water temperature sensor 49, etc., an accelerator opening sensor 17 which is a control assisting device of the hybrid vehicle, a brake opening sensor 18, E according to the input information of the vehicle speed sensor etc.
The CU 19 analyzes, judges, and predicts the operating condition of the internal combustion engine 1t, and corresponds the operating condition of the internal combustion engine to the spark plug 11t and the injector (12t, 12t2) of the output unit 4t, and the control valve of the scavenging amplification unit 5t. Adjust the scavenging air volume and the supercharging pressure at 56t, and
At 63, 63-2), the supply pressure of oxyhydrogen is adjusted, and the amount of exhaust gas recirculation is adjusted and controlled by a control valve 38t provided in the exhaust gas recirculation passage.
The control system of the internal combustion engine 1t responds to the driving situation of the hybrid vehicle E.
The CU 19 controls the internal combustion engine 1t according to the following control flowchart (FIG. 28).

図29は、前記実施例13の内燃機関1t(図27)を組み込んだ前記ハイブリッド車両
の内燃機関の制御システム(図28)を、予混合圧縮自動着火のHCCIエンジンまたは
火花制御による圧縮着火燃焼のSPCCIエンジンとして運転する制御フローチャート(
駆動アシスト等のモータ制御は除く)である。
図29は、前記制御システム(図28)の入出力情報を演算処理するECU19により制
御される。
加速あるいは減速等の判断は、主にアクセルあるいはブレーキのペダル操作によるアクセ
ル開度センサ17、ブレーキ開度センサ18、および図示しない車速センサ等からの入力
情報により、運転者の意思や内燃機関1tの運転状況を分析、判断、予測し、各運転サブ
ルーチンを本制御フローチャートに従い実行し、出力ポートからの出力によりアクチェー
タ等を制御する。
前記制御フローチャートは、内燃機関1tの制御の説明であるので、エネルギ回生の駆動
アシスト等のモータ制御や酸水素発生手段の電気制御関連等は説明を省略する。
まず、ECU19は、アクセル開度センサ17、ブレーキ開度センサ18、前記車速セン
サ等により、加速のための燃焼運転が必要であるかを判断する(ステップS10)。
ここで、燃焼運転が必要であると判断した場合は、内燃機関1tの過給圧、水温等よりT
DCでの燃焼室の吸気温度の予測と、ノックセンサ48の情報等によりHCCIエンジン
またはSPCCIエンジンとして運転が可能かを判断する(ステップS11)。
一方、燃焼運転が必要でないと判断した場合は、ブレーキ開度センサ17がONであるか
を判断する(ステップS12)。
ここで、ブレーキ開度センサ17がONであると判断した場合は、エネルギ回生が可能か
を判断する(ステップS13)。
具体的には、前記車速センサ等により回生できる運動エネルギと予測される減速量により
エネルギ回生の可否判断を行う。
一方、ブレーキ開度センサ17がONでないと判断した場合は、積極的に加速も減速もし
ない慣性運転(フリーラン)サブルーチン(ステップS14)を実行した後、RETUR
Nにて本処理ルーチンを一旦終了する。
前記エネルギ回生が可能かの判断(ステップS13)で、エネルギ回生が可能であると判
断した場合は、エネルギ回生サブルーチン(S15)を実行し、インバータ97にてモー
タ/発電機98で発電される電力を酸水素発生装置90tと二次電池96tに供給してエ
ネルギ回生を行い、モータ/発電機98の逆起電力によるトルクを制動に利用する。
一方、エネルギ回生が可能でないと判断した場合は、エンジンブレーキサブルーチン(ス
テップS16)を実行する。
具体的には、燃料供給を停止し、圧縮仕事やポンピングロス等が発生するように掃気増幅
手段5tの制御弁56を制御する。
FIG. 29 is a control system (FIG. 28) of an internal combustion engine of the hybrid vehicle incorporating the internal combustion engine 1t (FIG. 27) of the thirteenth embodiment, in compression ignition combustion by HCCI engine or spark control of homogeneous charge compression auto ignition. Control flowchart for operating as an SPCCI engine (
Except for motor control such as drive assist).
FIG. 29 is controlled by the ECU 19 that processes input / output information of the control system (FIG. 28).
The determination of acceleration or deceleration is made mainly by the driver's intention or the internal combustion engine 1t by input information from the accelerator opening sensor 17, brake opening sensor 18 and vehicle speed sensor (not shown) by accelerator or brake pedal operation. The operation situation is analyzed, judged and predicted, and each operation subroutine is executed according to this control flowchart, and an actuator etc. is controlled by the output from the output port.
Since the control flow chart is a description of control of the internal combustion engine 1t, description of motor control such as drive assist for energy regeneration and electric control related to oxyhydrogen generation means is omitted.
First, the ECU 19 determines whether a combustion operation for acceleration is required by the accelerator opening sensor 17, the brake opening sensor 18, the vehicle speed sensor, etc. (step S10).
Here, when it is determined that the combustion operation is necessary, the charging pressure of the internal combustion engine 1t, the water temperature, etc.
It is judged whether operation as an HCCI engine or an SPCCI engine is possible based on the prediction of the intake temperature of the combustion chamber at DC, the information of the knock sensor 48 and the like (step S11).
On the other hand, when it is determined that the combustion operation is not necessary, it is determined whether the brake opening degree sensor 17 is ON (step S12).
Here, if it is determined that the brake opening sensor 17 is ON, it is determined whether energy regeneration is possible (step S13).
Specifically, whether or not energy regeneration is possible is determined based on the kinetic energy that can be regenerated by the vehicle speed sensor or the like and the estimated amount of deceleration.
On the other hand, if it is determined that the brake opening sensor 17 is not ON, the inertial operation (free run) subroutine (step S14) that does not actively accelerate or decelerate is executed, and then RETURN
The processing routine is temporarily ended at N.
If it is determined that energy regeneration is possible in the determination of whether the energy regeneration is possible (step S13), the energy regeneration subroutine (S15) is executed, and the electric power generated by the motor / generator 98 by the inverter 97 Is supplied to the oxyhydrogen generator 90t and the secondary battery 96t to perform energy regeneration, and the torque by the back electromotive force of the motor / generator 98 is used for braking.
On the other hand, when it is determined that energy regeneration is not possible, an engine brake subroutine (step S16) is executed.
Specifically, the fuel supply is stopped, and the control valve 56 of the scavenging amplification means 5t is controlled so that compression work, pumping loss and the like occur.

前記(ステップS11)で、前記TDCでの燃焼室の吸気の圧力と温度予測等を基にHC
CI運転またはSPCCI運転が可能でないと判断した場合は、掃気増幅手段5tの制御
弁56t、排気還流通路36の制御弁38等を制御して内燃機関1tの燃焼室等の運転状
況をHCCI運転またはSPCCI運転が可能なるように機関運転調整サブルーチン(ス
テップ17)を実行し、主燃料が必要かを判断する(ステップ21)。
前記(ステップ11)で内燃機関1tのHCCI運転またはSPCCI運転が可能である
と判断した場合は、水素燃料が供給可能かを判断する(ステップ18)。
ここで、水素燃料が供給可能でないと判断した場合は、内燃機関1tの主燃料によるHC
CIまたはSPCCI運転サブルーチン(ステップ19)を実行した後、RETURNに
て本処理ルーチンを一旦終了する。
具体的には、掃気増幅手段5tの制御弁56t、排気還流通路36の制御弁38等を制御
して内燃機関1tのTDCでの吸気温度を主燃料の発火点以上にする、または前記吸気温
度を主燃料の発火点附近にし、点火プラグ11tで点火するように運転調整する。
一方、前記(ステップ18)で水素燃料が供給可能であると判断した場合は、内燃機関
1tの水素燃料、または主燃料と水素燃料の二燃料によるHCCIまたはSPCCI運転
サブルーチン(ステップ20)を実行した後、RETURNにて本処理ルーチンを一旦終
了する。
前記主燃料が必要かを判断する(ステップ21)で、主燃料が必要であると判断した場合
は、水素燃料が供給可能かを判断する(ステップ22)。
一方、水素燃料が供給可能であると判断した場合は、内燃機関1tの主燃料と水素燃料の
二燃料による火花点火式内燃機関運転サブルーチン(ステップ24)を実行した後、RE
TURNにて本処理ルーチンを一旦終了する。
ここで、水素燃料が供給可能でないと判断した場合は、内燃機関1tの水素燃料による火
花点火式内燃機関運転サブルーチン(ステップ25)を実行した後、RETURNにて本
処理ルーチンを一旦終了する。
以上の制御フローに従って、ハイブリッド車両の火花点火式内燃機関1tの運転状況に応
じて、前記内燃機関1tの燃料供給、過給、EGR、エネルギ回生等を各サブルーチンに
従って実行する。
以上のようにECU19の入出力情報により、前記ハイブリッド車両の内燃機関1tの制
御システム(図24)を制御し、本制御フローチャートは、前記内燃機関1tの運転中は
繰り返し実行される。
In the above-mentioned (step S11), HC based on the pressure and temperature prediction of the intake air of the combustion chamber at the TDC, etc.
When it is determined that the CI operation or the SPCCI operation is not possible, the control valve 56t of the scavenging air amplification means 5t, the control valve 38 of the exhaust gas recirculation passage 36 and the like are controlled to HCCI operation or the operating condition of the combustion chamber etc. An engine operation adjustment subroutine (step 17) is executed to enable SPCCI operation, and it is determined whether main fuel is required (step 21).
If it is determined in the step 11 that the HCCI operation or the SPCCI operation of the internal combustion engine 1t is possible, it is determined whether the hydrogen fuel can be supplied (step 18).
Here, if it is determined that hydrogen fuel can not be supplied, HC from the main fuel of the internal combustion engine 1t
After the CI or SPCCI operation subroutine (step 19) is executed, this processing routine is temporarily ended at RETURN.
Specifically, the control valve 56t of the scavenging gas amplification means 5t, the control valve 38 of the exhaust gas recirculation passage 36, and the like are controlled to make the intake temperature at TDC of the internal combustion engine 1t equal to or higher than the ignition point of the main fuel, or the intake temperature And adjust the operation so as to ignite with the spark plug 11t near the ignition point of the main fuel.
On the other hand, if it is determined that hydrogen fuel can be supplied in the above (step 18), the HCCI or SPCCI operation subroutine (step 20) is executed using the hydrogen fuel of the internal combustion engine 1t or two fuels of the main fuel and hydrogen fuel. After that, this processing routine is temporarily ended at RETURN.
If it is judged at step 21 that the main fuel is necessary, then it is judged whether hydrogen fuel can be supplied if it is judged that the main fuel is necessary (step 22).
On the other hand, if it is determined that hydrogen fuel can be supplied, after executing the spark ignition type internal combustion engine operation subroutine (step 24) with the two fuels of the main fuel of the internal combustion engine 1t and hydrogen fuel, RE is executed.
This processing routine is temporarily ended at TURN.
Here, if it is determined that the hydrogen fuel can not be supplied, a spark ignition type internal combustion engine operation subroutine (step 25) using the hydrogen fuel of the internal combustion engine 1t is executed, and this processing routine is temporarily ended at RETURN.
According to the control flow described above, fuel supply, supercharging, EGR, energy regeneration and the like of the internal combustion engine 1t are executed according to each subroutine according to the operating condition of the spark ignition internal combustion engine 1t of the hybrid vehicle.
As described above, the control system (FIG. 24) of the internal combustion engine 1t of the hybrid vehicle is controlled by the input / output information of the ECU 19, and this control flowchart is repeatedly executed during operation of the internal combustion engine 1t.

図30は、実施例14(請求項5対応)の、略球形の燃焼室に吸気弁と排気弁を放射状に
配置し、2本のカム軸の各カムで各排気弁の開閉と油圧手段を介して各吸気弁を開閉する
4サイクル内燃機関の構成概念の説明図で、上図は内燃機関1aの平面図で、下図は上図
のA−A断面の部分断面を含む内燃機関1aの断面図である。
図30は、4サイクル内燃機関1aにおいて、燃焼室を半径SRaの略球面状とし、前記
燃焼室に放射状に複数の吸気弁46aと排気弁47aを交互に配置し、インジェクタ12
dを前記燃焼室のシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設け、吸気ポートをシリンダ内にスワールを
発生させるタンゼンシャルポート230aとし、水素のように空気より密度が小さい燃料
を前記燃焼室に供給し、内燃機関1dの運転状況に応じて前記燃料の供給を制御し、更に
、クランク軸44aの回転数の1/2の回転数で連動する平行な2本のカム軸407(a
1,a2)を設け、前記排気弁47aを前記2本の各カム軸407(a1,a2)に設け
たカム408(a1,a2)により開閉し、前記吸気弁を前記カム408(a1,a2)
に連動するプランジャ84a(a1,a2)と弁シリンダ471(a1,a2)、弁ピス
トン472(a1,a2)から成る油圧手段により開閉する4サイクル内燃機関1aであ
る。
内燃機関1aは、クランク軸44aに設けた駆動車401aで伝動媒体403aを介して
カム軸407a1に設けた駆動車401aの有効径φDaの2倍の有効径(φ2Da)の
従動車402aを駆動し、カム軸407a1をクランク軸44aの2分の1の回転数で回
転する。
前記カム軸407a1に設けた駆動歯車405aに噛合うカム軸407a2に設けた前記
駆動歯車405aとピッチ円直径(φda)が同じ従動歯車406aにより、カム408
(a1、a3)を設けたカム軸407a1とカム408(a2、a4)を設けたカム軸4
07a2は同一回転数で逆方向に回転する。
カム408a1とカム408a2は、シリンダ軸に対し左右対称のカム形状とし、それぞ
れのカムで作動する各排気弁47aはクランク軸44aに同期して開弁する。
In FIG. 30, the intake valve and the exhaust valve are radially arranged in the substantially spherical combustion chamber of the fourteenth embodiment (corresponding to claim 5), and the opening and closing of each exhaust valve and the hydraulic means are provided by the cams of two camshafts. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a construction concept of a four-stroke internal combustion engine for opening and closing each intake valve, the upper view is a plan view of the internal combustion engine 1a, and the lower view is a cross section FIG.
In FIG. 30, in the four-stroke internal combustion engine 1a, the combustion chamber has a substantially spherical shape with a radius SRa, and a plurality of intake valves 46a and exhaust valves 47a are arranged alternately in the combustion chamber.
d is provided near the intersection with the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber, and the intake port is a tangential port 230a that generates swirl in the cylinder, and fuel such as hydrogen having a density smaller than air is supplied to the combustion chamber; Two parallel camshafts 407 (a) that control the supply of the fuel according to the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine 1d and further interlock at a rotational speed that is half the rotational speed of the crankshaft 44a
1, a2), the exhaust valve 47a is opened and closed by cams 408 (a1, a2) provided on the two cam shafts 407 (a1, a2), and the intake valve is opened by the cams 408 (a1, a2). )
The four-stroke internal combustion engine 1a is opened and closed by hydraulic means including a plunger 84a (a1, a2) interlocking with the valve cylinder 471 (a1, a2) and a valve piston 472 (a1, a2).
The internal combustion engine 1a drives a driven vehicle 402a having an effective diameter (.phi.2Da) twice the effective diameter .phi.Da of the drive vehicle 401a provided on the camshaft 407a1 via the transmission medium 403a by the drive vehicle 401a provided on the crankshaft 44a. The cam shaft 407a1 is rotated at a half rotation speed of the crank shaft 44a.
The cam 408 is driven by the driven gear 406a having the same pitch circle diameter (φda) as the drive gear 405a provided on the cam shaft 407a2 engaged with the drive gear 405a provided on the cam shaft 407a1.
Cam shaft 407 a 1 provided with (a 1, a 3) and cam shaft 4 provided with cams 408 (a 2, a 4)
07a2 rotates in the opposite direction at the same rotational speed.
The cams 408a1 and the cams 408a2 have cam shapes symmetrical with respect to the cylinder axis, and the exhaust valves 47a operated by the respective cams are opened in synchronization with the crankshaft 44a.

吸気弁46aは、前記カム408(a1,a2)に設けた排気弁47aより位相が遅れて
作動するプランジャ84(a1、a2)で発生する油圧で、対応する弁シリンダ471(
a1,a2)の弁ピストン472(a1,a2)を作動して弁の開閉動作を行う。
燃焼室に放射状に複数の吸気弁46aと排気弁47aを交互に配置し、更に吸気弁46a
同士と排気弁47a同士は同一線上に配置し、下図に示すように吸気弁46aと排気弁4
7aの狭角をθa(θa>90°)とすることにより、多気筒の弁の配置干渉を軽減し、
気筒間の距離を短縮することができ、小型軽量で、剛性の大きいシリンダブロックにでき
る。
内燃機関1aのタンゼンシャルポート230aとインジェクタ12aから供給される水素
のように空気より密度が小さい燃料の遠心分離作用は前記2サイクル内燃機関の実施例1
〜3と基本原理は同じであるので説明を省略する。
排気弁47aは排気行程の排気圧が働く状態での開弁には、排気圧による推力と弁スプリ
ングによる付勢力に抗する弁推力が必要であり開弁には大きな力が必要であるので、カム
機構のように剛性が大きく、高速運転でのキャビテーション等の問題が発生しない機械式
弁駆動機構が適している。
吸気弁46aは、排気弁47aにより略大気圧となった排気残圧とスプリング473aに
抗する弁推力が必要であるが、排気弁の弁推力と比較して小さな弁推力でよい。
The intake valve 46a is a hydraulic pressure generated by a plunger 84 (a1, a2) that operates with a phase lag behind the exhaust valve 47a provided to the cam 408 (a1, a2).
The valve pistons 472 (a1, a2) of a1, a2) are operated to open and close the valve.
A plurality of intake valves 46a and exhaust valves 47a are alternately arranged radially in the combustion chamber, and further intake valves 46a.
The exhaust valves 47a are arranged on the same line, and the intake valve 46a and the exhaust valve 4 are arranged as shown in the figure below.
By setting the narrow angle of 7a to θa (θa> 90 °), interference of arrangement of multi-cylinder valves is reduced,
The distance between the cylinders can be shortened, and a compact, lightweight, rigid cylinder block can be obtained.
The centrifugal separation action of fuel having a density smaller than that of air such as hydrogen supplied from the tangential port 230a of the internal combustion engine 1a and the injector 12a is the first embodiment of the two-stroke internal combustion engine.
The basic principle is the same as that of 〜3.
Since the exhaust valve 47a requires a thrust by the exhaust pressure and a valve thrust against the biasing force by the valve spring to open the valve in a state where the exhaust pressure in the exhaust stroke works, a large force is necessary to open the valve. A mechanical valve drive mechanism that has high rigidity and does not cause problems such as cavitation at high speed operation like a cam mechanism is suitable.
The intake valve 46a needs an exhaust residual pressure that is substantially atmospheric pressure by the exhaust valve 47a and a valve thrust that resists the spring 473a, but may have a valve thrust that is smaller than the valve thrust of the exhaust valve.

図31は、前記実施例14(図30)の、TDCの水素の各燃料濃度層の分布状況と燃料
噴射時のHCCIエンジンの燃焼の説明図である。
図31は、前記実施例14(図30)の前記空気より密度が小さい燃料の遠心分離作用に
より、インジェクション12aより供給される予混合燃料である水素のTDCでの燃料濃
度層の分布状況である。
TDCにて断熱圧縮されて軽油の発火点(250℃)以上の温度の水素予混合気に、燃焼
室とシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設けたインジェクション12aから噴射された主燃料であ
る軽油は、水素の高濃度層(F1a)にて霧化と気化をしながら自己着火してシリンダ軸
付近の水素の高濃度層(F1a)が高速燃焼を開始するので、スワールにより高速回転し
ているシリンダ軸中心から高温高圧の火炎伝播が周方向に均一に膨張し、更に中濃度層(
F2a)の水素も軽油の燃焼と前記火炎伝播により燃焼を開始するので燃焼室内の圧力と
温度の上昇により水素の発火点(585℃)を超え、低濃度層(F3a)等の水素燃焼が
拡散している領域の水素も着火することにより燃焼室全域の燃焼が促進されてパティキュ
レイト、デポジット等の発生を抑制する。
前記周方向に均一な燃焼により未燃焼ガスの発生が少なく、外周層である予混合水素の超
低濃度層(F4a)でのノッキングが抑制され、燃焼室壁面との接触面積が大きい前記外
周層(F4a)の発熱量が小さいので冷却損失が小さいので内燃機関1aの熱効率が向上
する効果がある。
FIG. 31 is an explanatory view of a distribution state of fuel concentration layers of hydrogen of TDC and combustion of an HCCI engine at the time of fuel injection in the fourteenth embodiment (FIG. 30).
FIG. 31 is a distribution state of a fuel concentration layer at TDC of hydrogen, which is a premixed fuel supplied from the injection 12a, by the centrifugal separation action of the fuel having a density smaller than that of the air in the fourteenth embodiment (FIG. 30). .
The diesel fuel, which is the main fuel injected from the injection 12 a near the intersection of the combustion chamber and the cylinder axis, is a hydrogen premixed gas that is adiabatically compressed at TDC and at a temperature above the ignition point (250 ° C.) of the diesel. Since the high concentration layer of hydrogen (F1a) near the cylinder axis starts high-speed combustion while self-igniting while atomizing and vaporizing in the high concentration layer of hydrogen (F1a), the cylinder shaft rotating at high speed by swirling The high temperature and high pressure flame propagation from the center uniformly expands in the circumferential direction, and the medium concentration layer (
Since the hydrogen of F2a) also starts combustion by the combustion of light oil and the above-mentioned flame propagation, the pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber rise and the ignition point (585 ° C) of hydrogen exceeds the hydrogen combustion of low concentration layer (F3a) etc. By igniting the hydrogen in the region where it is located, the combustion in the entire combustion chamber is promoted to suppress the generation of particulates, deposits and the like.
The outer circumferential layer has less generation of unburned gas due to the uniform combustion in the circumferential direction, suppresses knocking in the ultra-low concentration layer (F4a) of premixed hydrogen as the outer circumferential layer, and has a large contact area with the wall surface of the combustion chamber. Since the amount of heat generation of (F4a) is small and the cooling loss is small, there is an effect of improving the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine 1a.

図32は、実施例15(請求項5対応)の、2本のカム軸に設けた各カムにより排気弁を
開閉し、前記カムとは別のカムにより油圧手段を介して吸気弁を開閉する4サイクル内燃
機関の平面図と周辺回路図である。
図32は、4サイクル内燃機関1bにおいて、燃焼室を半径SRbの略球面状とし、前記
燃焼室に放射状に複数の吸気弁46(b1〜b4)と排気弁47(b1〜b4)を交互に
配置し、点火プラグ11(b1、b2)を前記燃焼室のシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設け、
吸気ポートをシリンダ内にスワールを発生させるタンゼンシャルポート230(b1〜b
4)とし、水素のように空気より密度が小さい燃料と火花点火式内燃機関の燃料であるガ
ソリンを吸気系統および前記燃焼室に供給し、前記内燃機関の運転状況に応じて前記燃料
の供給を制御し、更に、クランク軸44bの回転数の1/2の回転数で連動する平行な2
本のカム軸407(b1、b2)を設け、前記排気弁47(b1〜b4)を前記2本の各
カム軸407(b1、b2)に設けたカム408(b1、b2)により開閉し、前記吸気
弁46(b1〜b4)を前記カム408b1または前記カムとは別のカムに連動する油圧
手段である弁駆動ユニット80(b1〜b3)により開閉する4サイクル内燃機関1bで
ある。
クランク軸44bに設けた駆動車401bと伝動媒体403bを介してカム軸407b1
に設けた従動車402bへの1/2に減速する回転駆動、およびカム軸407b1に設け
た駆動歯車405bと噛合うカム軸407b2に設けた従動歯車406bによる等速回転
駆動の方法は実施例14と同様であるので説明を省略する。
内燃機関1bのタンゼンシャルポート230aとインジェクタ12aから供給される水素
のように空気より密度が小さい燃料の遠心分離作用は前記2サイクル内燃機関の実施例1
〜3と同じであるので説明を省略する。
32. In FIG. 32, the exhaust valve is opened and closed by the cams provided on the two camshafts of the fifteenth embodiment (corresponding to claim 5), and the intake valve is opened and closed through the hydraulic means by the cam other than the cam. FIG. 1 is a plan view and a peripheral circuit diagram of a four-stroke internal combustion engine.
In FIG. 32, in the four-stroke internal combustion engine 1b, the combustion chamber has a substantially spherical shape with a radius SRb, and a plurality of intake valves 46 (b1 to b4) and exhaust valves 47 (b1 to b4) are alternately arranged radially to the combustion chamber. The spark plug 11 (b1, b2) is disposed near the point of intersection with the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber,
Tangential port 230 (b1 to b) generating swirl in the cylinder of the intake port
4) A fuel having a density smaller than that of air, such as hydrogen, and gasoline that is a fuel of a spark ignition internal combustion engine are supplied to the intake system and the combustion chamber, and the fuel is supplied according to the operating condition of the internal combustion engine Control and, moreover, parallel 2 interlocking at a rotational speed of 1⁄2 of the rotational speed of the crankshaft 44 b
Cam shafts 407 (b1, b2) are provided, and the exhaust valves 47 (b1 to b4) are opened and closed by cams 408 (b1, b2) provided on the two cam shafts 407 (b1, b2), The four-stroke internal combustion engine 1b is opened and closed by a valve drive unit 80 (b1 to b3), which is a hydraulic unit that interlocks the intake valve 46 (b1 to b4) with the cam 408b1 or a cam different from the cam.
Cam shaft 407b1 via a drive wheel 401b provided on the crankshaft 44b and a transmission medium 403b
Fourteenth Embodiment A rotational drive for decelerating the driven wheel 402b provided on one half to a half, and a method for constant-velocity rotational drive using a driven gear 406b provided on the cam shaft 407b2 meshing with the drive gear 405b provided on the cam shaft 407b1. Since it is the same as the above, the explanation is omitted.
The centrifugal separation action of fuel having a density smaller than air, such as hydrogen supplied from the tangential port 230a of the internal combustion engine 1b and the injector 12a, is the first embodiment of the two-stroke internal combustion engine.
Since it is the same as -3, description is abbreviate | omitted.

図33は、前記実施例15(図32)の、TDCの各燃料濃度層の分布状況と水素可燃層
の点火時のSPCCIエンジン(火花制御による圧縮着火燃焼)の説明図である。
TDCにて断熱圧縮されてガソリンの発火点(300℃)以下の温度の水素予混合気に、
燃焼室とシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設けた点火プラグ11b1で火花点火し、シリンダ軸
中心付近の水素高濃度層(F1b)が高速燃焼を開始するので、スワールにより高速回転
しているシリンダ軸中心から高温高圧の火炎伝播が周方向に均一に膨張し、更に中濃度層
(F2b)に拡散している水素とガソリンも前記火炎伝播により燃焼を開始するので燃焼
室内の圧力と温度の上昇により水素の発火点(585℃)を超え、低濃度層(F3b)等
の水素とガソリンが拡散している領域の水素も着火することにより燃焼室全域の燃焼が促
進されて未燃焼ガスの発生を抑制する。
外周層である予混合水素の超低濃度層F4bでのノッキング抑制と内燃機関1bの熱効率
向上効果の説明は、実施例14(図31)と同じであるので説明を省略する。
FIG. 33 is an explanatory view of a distribution state of fuel concentration layers of TDC and an SPCCI engine (compression ignition combustion by spark control) at the time of ignition of a hydrogen combustible layer in the fifteenth embodiment (FIG. 32).
Hydrogen premixed air at a temperature below the ignition point (300 ° C) of gasoline that is adiabatically compressed at TDC,
Since spark ignition is performed by the spark plug 11b1 provided near the intersection of the combustion chamber and the cylinder axis, and the high hydrogen concentration layer (F1b) near the center of the cylinder axis starts high speed combustion, the cylinder axis center rotating at high speed by swirl Since the flame propagation from the high temperature and high pressure uniformly expands in the circumferential direction, and hydrogen and gasoline diffused to the middle concentration layer (F 2 b) also start combustion by the flame propagation, the pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber increase hydrogen Combustion in the entire combustion chamber is promoted by igniting hydrogen in the region where hydrogen and gasoline are diffused, such as low concentration layer (F3b), by exceeding the ignition point (585 ° C) of the fuel, and generation of unburned gas is suppressed Do.
The explanation of the knocking suppression in the ultra-low concentration layer F4b of the premixed hydrogen which is the outer peripheral layer and the thermal efficiency improvement effect of the internal combustion engine 1b is the same as that of the fourteenth embodiment (FIG. 31), so the description is omitted.

前記実施例1〜15は、本願発明の一例を説明したもので、各実施例の内燃機関は、制約
のない限り、ディーゼル機関でも火花点火式内燃機関でもよく、燃料の供給は制約のない
限り吸気系統でも燃焼室でもよく、過給増幅手段の空気流量増幅器は、エジェクタ、フロ
ートランスベクタ、トランスベクタ等のいずれであってもよく、圧縮機は往復圧縮機で説
明したが、リショルム・コンプレッサ等の他の圧縮機でもよく、ハイブリッド車両はパラ
レルでもシリーズでもよい。
前記実施例1〜15は、本願発明の一例を示すもので本願発明を制約するものではなく、
当業者により変更および改良ができる。
The embodiments 1 to 15 describe an example of the present invention, and the internal combustion engine of each embodiment may be a diesel engine or a spark ignition internal combustion engine as long as there is no restriction, as long as the fuel supply is not restricted. The air flow amplifier may be an intake system or a combustion chamber, and the air flow amplifier of the supercharging amplification means may be any of an ejector, a flow transformer vector, a transformer vector, etc. The compressor has been described as a reciprocating compressor. The hybrid vehicles may be parallel or series.
The embodiments 1 to 15 show an example of the present invention and do not restrict the present invention.
Modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art.

本発明の内燃機関は、潤滑油の混合を必要としない2サイクル内燃機関で、4サイクル内
燃機関と同等のメンテナンス性を有し、簡素な構成で確実で良好な燃焼ができる。
簡素な掃気増幅手段により小さな容量の往復圧縮機で十分な掃気と過給を行えるので、掃
気の改善により燃焼性が向上して排気性状が改善し、内燃機関の装置容積当たりの出力が
増大して内燃機関をダウンサイジング(小型、軽量化)できるので、自動車、船舶等の移
動体に搭載する内燃機関に利用できる。請求項5の4サイクル内燃機関も、内燃機関の燃
焼効率の向上により、内燃機関をダウンサイジングして小型、軽量化できる。
The internal combustion engine according to the present invention is a two-stroke internal combustion engine that does not require mixing of lubricating oil, has the same maintainability as a four-stroke internal combustion engine, and can perform reliable and satisfactory combustion with a simple configuration.
Since sufficient scavenging and supercharging can be performed with a small displacement reciprocating compressor by simple scavenging amplification means, the improvement of scavenging improves the combustibility and the exhaust characteristics, and the output per volume of the internal combustion engine increases. Since the internal combustion engine can be downsized (small and lightweight), it can be used for an internal combustion engine mounted on a moving body such as a car or a ship. Also in the four-stroke internal combustion engine of claim 5, the internal combustion engine can be downsized and reduced in size and weight by the improvement of the combustion efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

1 内燃機関
2(吸気系統)
3(排気系統)
4 出力手段
5 掃気増幅手段
6 流体制御手段
7 流体供給手段
8 容積型油圧供給手段
9 酸水素発生手段
11 点火プラグ
12 インジェクタ
13 高圧燃料ポンプ
14 フュエルレール
15 逆止弁
16 クランク角センサ
17 アクセル開度センサ
18 ブレーキ開度センサ
19 ECU(エンジンコントロールユニット)
20 吸気
21 エアクリーナ
22 吸気流入通路
23 吸気流出通路
24 吸気副通路
25 往復圧縮機
27 制御弁
28 過給センサ
29 アキュムレータ
31 排気通路
32 排気浄化装置
33 消音器
34 排気センサ
36 排気還流通路
37 逆止弁
38 制御弁
40 弁機構
41 シリンダ
42 ピストン
43 連結棒
44 クランク軸
45 クランク角センサ
46 吸気弁
47 排気弁
48 ノックセンサ
49 水温センサ
50 空気流量増幅器
51 エジェクタ
52 フロートランスベクタ
53 トランスベクタ
55 逆止弁
56 制御弁
58 駆動流通路
61 燃料通路
62 燃料センサ
63 制御弁
64 減圧弁
67 アキュムレータ
68 逆止弁
71 燃料通路
72 緊急遮断弁
75 燃料タンク
76 逆止弁付継手
77 充填口
80 弁駆動ユニット(容積型油圧式)
81 カム
82 ロータ
83 ベーン
84 プランジャ
85 回転伝動手段
86 回転継手
87 油圧補助手段
88 油圧通路(弁駆動)
89 油圧通路
90 酸水素発生装置
91 電気分解手段
92 超音波発振手段
94 電解液タンク
95 燃料通路
96 二次電池
97 インバータ
98 モータ/発電機
131 サプライポンプ
141 コモンレール
200 過給吸気
230 タンゼンシャルポート
250 駆動流
251 シリンダ(圧縮機)
252 ピストン(圧縮機)
253 連結棒(圧縮機)
254 クランク軸(圧縮機)
256 吸入弁
257 吐出弁
258 駆動歯車
259 従動歯車
401 駆動車
402 従動車
403 伝動媒体
405 駆動歯車
406 従動歯車
407 カム軸
408 カム
410 燃焼室
420 球面状キャビティ
421 バルブリセス
471 弁シリンダ
472 弁ピストン
473 スプリング
531 ノズル
532 環状チャンバ
533 ハウジング
534 ピストン
535 スプリング
536 フランジ
551 リードバルブ
552 リード
555 リフト逆止弁
556 スプリング
557 ディスク
581 冷却器
810 基準プロフィール
811 カムプロフィール
821 油圧中継路(第1油圧)
821 油圧中継路(第2油圧)
821 油圧中継路(第3油圧)
826 油圧中継路
851 駆動車
852 従動車
853 伝動媒体
871 油タンク
875 逆止弁
911 陰極
912 陽極
913 直流電源
914 電解槽
915 電解液
916 センサ(液面、圧力)
917 ポンプ
918 制御弁(酸水素)
921 超音波発振子
922 高周波発生器
1 Internal combustion engine 2 (intake system)
3 (exhaust system)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 4 Output means 5 Scavenging amplification means 6 Fluid control means 7 Fluid supply means 8 Volume-type hydraulic pressure supply means 9 Acid hydrogen generation means 11 Spark plug 12 Injector 13 High-pressure fuel pump 14 Fuel rail 15 Check valve 16 Crank angle sensor 17 Accelerator opening Sensor 18 Brake opening sensor 19 ECU (engine control unit)
Reference Signs List 20 intake air 21 air cleaner 22 intake inflow passage 23 intake outflow passage 24 intake auxiliary passage 25 reciprocating compressor 27 control valve 28 supercharging sensor 29 accumulator 31 exhaust passage 32 exhaust purification device 33 silencer 34 exhaust sensor 36 exhaust return passage 37 check valve 38 Control valve 40 Valve mechanism 41 Cylinder 42 Piston 43 Connecting rod 44 Crankshaft 45 Crank angle sensor 46 Intake valve 47 Exhaust valve 48 Knock sensor 49 Water temperature sensor 50 Air flow amplifier 51 Ejector 52 Flow transformer vector 53 Transvector 55 Check valve 56 Control valve 58 Drive flow passage 61 Fuel passage 62 Fuel sensor 63 Control valve 64 Pressure reducing valve 67 Accumulator 68 Check valve 71 Fuel passage 72 Emergency shut off valve 75 Fuel tank 76 Joint with check valve 77 Filling port 80 Valve drive unit (volume type Hydraulic type)
81 cam 82 rotor 83 vane 84 plunger 85 rotational transmission means 86 rotary joint 87 hydraulic auxiliary means 88 hydraulic passage (valve drive)
89 hydraulic passage 90 oxyhydrogen generator 91 electrolysis means 92 ultrasonic oscillation means 94 electrolyte solution tank 95 fuel passage 96 secondary battery 97 inverter 98 motor / generator
131 supply pump 141 common rail 200 supercharged intake 230 tangential port 250 drive flow 251 cylinder (compressor)
252 piston (compressor)
253 Connecting rod (compressor)
254 Crankshaft (compressor)
256 suction valve 257 discharge valve 258 drive gear 259 driven gear 401 driven vehicle 402 driven vehicle 403 transmission medium 405 drive gear 406 driven gear 407 driven gear 407 cam shaft 408 cam 410 combustion chamber 420 spherical cavity 421 valve recess 471 valve cylinder 472 valve piston 473 spring 531 Nozzle 532 Annular Chamber 533 Housing
534 piston 535 spring 536 flange 551 reed valve 552 lead 555 lift check valve 556 spring 557 disc 581 cooler 810 reference profile 811 cam profile 821 hydraulic relay (first hydraulic)
821 Hydraulic relay route (second hydraulic pressure)
821 Hydraulic relay route (third hydraulic pressure)
826 Hydraulic relay 851 Drive 852 Drive 853 Transmission medium
871 oil tank 875 check valve 911 cathode 912 anode 913 DC power supply 914 electrolyzer 915 electrolyte 916 sensor (liquid level, pressure)
917 pump 918 control valve (acid hydrogen)
921 Ultrasonic wave generator 922 High frequency generator

Claims (5)

シリンダヘッドに吸気弁と排気弁を設けた2サイクル内燃機関において、
排気量より大きい容量の掃気を供給できる掃気供給手段を備え、
燃焼室を略球面状または略円錐状とし、
前記燃焼室に放射状に吸気弁と排気弁を配置し、
点火プラグまたはインジェクタを前記燃焼室のシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設け、
吸気ポートをシリンダ内にスワールを発生させるタンゼンシャルポートとし、
水素、メタンのように空気より密度が小さい燃料、または前記空気より密度が小さい燃料
と火花点火式内燃機関またはディーゼル機関の燃料を吸気系統および/または前記燃焼室
に供給し、前記内燃機関の運転状況に応じて前記燃料の供給を制御することを特徴とする
2サイクル内燃機関。
In a two-stroke internal combustion engine provided with an intake valve and an exhaust valve in a cylinder head,
It has a scavenging air supply means capable of supplying scavenging air with a capacity larger than the displacement.
The combustion chamber is generally spherical or conical,
Intake valves and exhaust valves are arranged radially in the combustion chamber,
An ignition plug or an injector is provided in the vicinity of the intersection with the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber,
The intake port is a tangential port that generates swirl in the cylinder,
A fuel having a density lower than air, such as hydrogen or methane, or a fuel having a density lower than the air and a fuel of a spark ignition type internal combustion engine or a diesel engine are supplied to an intake system and / or the combustion chamber A two-stroke internal combustion engine that controls the fuel supply according to the situation.
前記掃気供給手段として、
前記内燃機関にて駆動する圧縮機と、
吸気通路に掃気増幅手段を設け、
前記掃気増幅手段は、逆止弁と前記逆止弁の下流に設けた空気流量増幅器から成り、
前記空気流量増幅器の駆動流通路を前記圧縮機の吐出口に連通することを特徴とする請求
項1に記載の2サイクル内燃機関。
As said scavenging air supply means,
A compressor driven by the internal combustion engine;
Providing scavenging amplification means in the intake passage,
The scavenging air amplification means comprises a check valve and an air flow amplifier provided downstream of the check valve,
The two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a drive flow passage of the air flow amplifier is connected to a discharge port of the compressor.
前記燃焼室に放射状に複数の前記吸気弁と排気弁を交互に配置し、
クランク軸の回転数と同じ回転数で連動する平行な2本のカム軸を設け、
前記排気弁を前記2本の各カム軸に設けたカムにより開閉し、
前記吸気弁を逆止弁とする、または、前記カムまたは前記カムとは別のカムに連動する油
圧手段により開閉することを特徴とする請求項1はたは請求項2に記載の2サイクル内燃
機関。
A plurality of the intake and exhaust valves are alternately arranged radially in the combustion chamber,
Two parallel camshafts interlocking at the same rotational speed as the rotational speed of the crankshaft
The exhaust valve is opened and closed by a cam provided on each of the two camshafts,
The two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intake valve is a check valve, or is opened and closed by hydraulic means interlocking with the cam or a cam other than the cam. organ.
前記内燃機関に電気的手段により運転する酸水素発生装置を設け、前記酸水素発生装置で
発生する水素または酸水素を、前記空気より密度が小さい燃料として供給することを特徴
とする請求項1〜3に記載の2サイクル内燃機関。
The internal combustion engine is provided with an oxyhydrogen generator operated by an electrical means, and hydrogen or oxyhydrogen generated by the oxyhydrogen generator is supplied as a fuel having a density smaller than that of the air. The two-stroke internal combustion engine according to 3.
4サイクル内燃機関において、
燃焼室を略球面状または略円錐状とし、
前記燃焼室に放射状に複数の吸気弁と排気弁を交互に配置し、
点火プラグまたはインジェクタを前記燃焼室のシリンダ軸との交点近傍に設け、
吸気ポートをシリンダ内にスワールを発生させるタンゼンシャルポートとし、
水素、メタンのように空気より密度が小さい燃料、または前記空気より密度が小さい燃料
と火花点火式内燃機関またはディーゼル機関の燃料を吸気系統および/または前記燃焼室
に供給し、
前記内燃機関の運転状況に応じて前記燃料の供給を制御し、
更に、クランク軸の回転数の1/2の回転数で連動する平行な2本のカム軸を設け、
前記排気弁を前記2本の各カム軸に設けたカムにより開閉し、
前記吸気弁を前記カムまたは別のカムに連動する油圧手段により開閉することを特徴とす
る4サイクル内燃機関。
In a four-stroke internal combustion engine,
The combustion chamber is generally spherical or conical,
A plurality of intake valves and exhaust valves are alternately arranged radially in the combustion chamber,
An ignition plug or an injector is provided in the vicinity of the intersection with the cylinder axis of the combustion chamber,
The intake port is a tangential port that generates swirl in the cylinder,
Supplying a fuel having a density lower than that of air, such as hydrogen or methane, or a fuel having a density lower than that of air and a fuel of a spark ignition type internal combustion engine or a diesel engine to an intake system and / or the combustion chamber;
Controlling the supply of the fuel according to the operating condition of the internal combustion engine;
Furthermore, two parallel camshafts interlocking at a rotational speed that is half the rotational speed of the crankshaft are provided,
The exhaust valve is opened and closed by a cam provided on each of the two camshafts,
A four-stroke internal combustion engine, wherein the intake valve is opened and closed by hydraulic means interlocked with the cam or another cam.
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