JP2019070111A - 連鎖移動剤を使用して透明ポリマーエアロゲルを生成する方法 - Google Patents
連鎖移動剤を使用して透明ポリマーエアロゲルを生成する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019070111A JP2019070111A JP2018170736A JP2018170736A JP2019070111A JP 2019070111 A JP2019070111 A JP 2019070111A JP 2018170736 A JP2018170736 A JP 2018170736A JP 2018170736 A JP2018170736 A JP 2018170736A JP 2019070111 A JP2019070111 A JP 2019070111A
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- Prior art keywords
- gel
- solvent
- radical polymerization
- polymerization initiator
- chain transfer
- Prior art date
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Links
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/157—After-treatment of gels
- C01B33/158—Purification; Drying; Dehydrating
- C01B33/1585—Dehydration into aerogels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、2016年6月16日に始まった契約番号DE−AR0000734 ARPAE−SHIELD−Aerogelを通して、米国政府の支援によってなされたものである。当該政府は、本発明に一定の権利を有する。
0.54gのジビニルベンゼンモノマー、0.06gのトリメタクリルアダマンタン架橋剤、0.01gのアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)ラジカル重合開始剤、及び0.02gのドデカンチオールCTAを1.4gのn−メチルピロリドンに溶解することによって、CTAを用いてエアロゲルを合成する。溶液を15分間、乾燥N2ガスでスパージし、次いで1時間90℃で反応させる。次いで、湿潤ゲルを型から取り外し、THFで2回、ヘプタンで2回溶媒交換する。各溶媒交換ステップでは、ゲルを溶媒の10mL浴に24時間浸漬する。エアロゲルは、湿潤ゲルを周囲条件下でゆっくりと乾燥させることによって生成される。湿潤ゲルを、蓋に小さな穴をあけたジャーに置き、溶媒を4日間にわたって蒸発させる。4日後、蓋を取り外し、エアロゲルを、90℃で12時間真空乾燥させて、任意の残留溶媒を除去する。
1.4gのn−メチルピロリドンに溶解した前駆体が、0.54gのジビニルベンゼンモノマー、0.06gのトリメタクリルアダマンタン架橋剤、及び0.01gのアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)ラジカル重合開始剤であることを除いて、CTAを用いないエアロゲルを上記のように作製する。
CTAの有無にかかわらず合成された例示的なエアロゲルのN2吸着ポロシメトリーによって測定された気孔特徴、例えば孔径及び気孔率の特徴評価を以下の表1に要約する。孔径分布の幅は、半値全幅、すなわちFWHMで記載される。
図7は、CTAを用いて合成されたエアロゲルの光学特性を示すグラフの例である。かかる光学特性は、UV−vis分光法によって測定され得る。CTAを用いずに合成された試料は、一般的に、不透明であり、顕著な光学的光透過率(例えば透過率約0)を測定できない。
Claims (10)
- 透明ポリマーエアロゲルの生成方法であって、
ラジカル重合性モノマー及び架橋剤、ラジカル重合開始剤、ならびに連鎖移動剤(CTA)からなるゲル前駆体を、反応溶媒に溶解することと、
前記ゲル前駆体を、基材に入れることと、
前記基材の前記ゲルを重合させることと、
前記ゲルを乾燥させることと、を含む、方法。 - 前記反応溶媒が、極性非プロトン性有機溶媒である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 極性非プロトン性有機溶媒が、アセトフェノンまたはn−メチルピロリドンを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記連鎖移動剤が、有機チオールまたはドデカンチオールである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ラジカル重合開始剤が、有機過酸化物または有機アゾ化合物からなる群から選択される熱ラジカル重合開始剤である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ラジカル重合開始剤が、UVラジカル重合開始剤またはラジカル光重合開始剤である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体配合物中の前記溶媒の濃度が、40%〜95%の範囲で構成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記モノマーが、単官能性及び二官能性アクリレート、メタクリレートまたはビニルモノマーを含む群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記架橋剤が、トリ、テトラ、ペンタまたはヘキサ官能性アクリレート、メタクリレートまたはビニルモノマーを含む群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 重合が、加熱によって、かつ、または適切な波長の光に露光することによってラジカル重合開始剤を活性化することにより実行される、請求項1の方法。
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