JP2019042839A - Machine tool - Google Patents

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JP2019042839A
JP2019042839A JP2017166585A JP2017166585A JP2019042839A JP 2019042839 A JP2019042839 A JP 2019042839A JP 2017166585 A JP2017166585 A JP 2017166585A JP 2017166585 A JP2017166585 A JP 2017166585A JP 2019042839 A JP2019042839 A JP 2019042839A
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lever
spindle
machine tool
lid
shaft
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雄之介 廣瀬
Yunosuke Hirose
雄之介 廣瀬
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Brother Industries Ltd
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Brother Industries Ltd
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Abstract

To provide a machine tool which makes foreign objects less likely to adhere to a swing shaft to which a lever, which swings in conjunction with movement of a spindle head, is fixed.SOLUTION: A machine tool includes: a spindle head; a swing shaft 61; a lever; and a restriction part 110. The spindle head can move vertically. The spindle head includes an opening hole 107 opening in a lateral direction. The swing shaft 61 is inserted into the opening hole 107 to be swingably supported. The lever is provided within the spindle head and fixed to the swing shaft 61. The lever swings around the swing shaft 61 in conjunction with vertical movement of the spindle head. The restriction part 110 restricts displacement of the swing shaft 61 in the lateral direction. The restriction part 110 includes a washer 113 and a lid 115. The washer 113 is held on a first end surface 61A of the swing shaft 61. The lid 115 is fixed to a right surface of a wall part 7A in a posture at which the lid 115 faces the washer 113 and closes the opening hole 107 from a right side.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

本発明は工作機械に関する。   The present invention relates to a machine tool.

特許文献1に開示の工作機械は、コラム、主軸ヘッド、主軸、ホルダ把持部、支持軸、レバー、カムフォロアを備える。コラムは主軸ヘッドを上下動可能に支持し、主軸ヘッドは円筒状の主軸を回転可能に装着する。ホルダ把持部は、主軸の筒穴内に上下動可能に設ける。ホルダ把持部は、工具を保持する工具ホルダを把持又は解放する。支持軸は主軸ヘッドに設け、レバーを揺動可能に支持する。レバーは上端部の背面側にカム面を備える。カムフォロアはコラムに固定し、カム面に対して摺動可能である。主軸ヘッドが上下動すると、カムフォロアがカム面に対して相対的に摺動し、レバーは支持軸を中心に揺動する。揺動するレバーはホルダ把持部に対して接離する。レバーがホルダ把持部から上方に離隔すると、ホルダ保持部は工具ホルダを把持する。レバーがホルダ把持部に接触して下方に付勢すると、ホルダ把持部は工具ホルダを解放する。   The machine tool disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a column, a spindle head, a spindle, a holder gripping portion, a support shaft, a lever, and a cam follower. The column supports the spindle head so as to move up and down, and the spindle head rotatably mounts a cylindrical spindle. The holder gripping portion is provided vertically movably in the cylindrical hole of the spindle. The holder gripping portion grips or releases the tool holder that holds the tool. The support shaft is provided on the spindle head and swingably supports the lever. The lever has a cam surface on the back side of the upper end. The cam follower is fixed to the column and can slide on the cam surface. When the spindle head moves up and down, the cam follower slides relative to the cam surface, and the lever pivots about the support shaft. The swinging lever comes in contact with and separates from the holder gripping portion. When the lever is separated upward from the holder gripping portion, the holder holding portion grips the tool holder. When the lever contacts the holder grip and urges it downward, the holder grip releases the tool holder.

特開2017−49642号公報JP 2017-49642 A

図6では、レバー260を揺動可能に支持する揺動軸261を主軸ヘッド207に設ける具体的構造の一例を示す。主軸ヘッド207は、左右方向に並ぶ一対の壁部207Aを備える。各壁部207Aは、軸受299を内部で支持する開口孔207Bを有する。揺動軸261は、開口孔207Bに挿通し、軸受299にて揺動可能に支持する。レバーは揺動軸261の左右方向中心部に固定する。故にレバー260は揺動軸261を中心に揺動する。揺動軸261両端は、夫々、レバー260側から順に左右方向に沿って、スラストワッシャ298、止め輪297を備える。止め輪297はスラストワッシャ298を間にして壁部207Aと対向する。   FIG. 6 shows an example of a specific structure in which the spindle head 207 is provided with a swinging shaft 261 for swingably supporting the lever 260. The spindle head 207 includes a pair of wall portions 207A aligned in the left-right direction. Each wall portion 207A has an opening hole 207B for supporting the bearing 299 inside. The rocking shaft 261 is inserted into the opening hole 207B and is rockably supported by the bearing 299. The lever is fixed to the center of the swing shaft 261 in the left-right direction. Therefore, the lever 260 swings about the swing shaft 261. The both ends of the rocking shaft 261 are respectively provided with a thrust washer 298 and a retaining ring 297 along the left-right direction sequentially from the lever 260 side. The retaining ring 297 faces the wall portion 207A with the thrust washer 298 interposed therebetween.

上記構成では、隙間がスラストワッシャ298と壁部207Aとの間で不可避的に生じる。故に、工作機械の加工動作に伴い生じる切粉等の異物が、開口孔207Bに進入し、揺動軸261の揺動を阻害する可能性がある。異物が揺動軸261の揺動を阻害すると、工具の着脱が円滑にできない可能性がある。   In the above configuration, a clearance inevitably occurs between the thrust washer 298 and the wall portion 207A. Therefore, there is a possibility that foreign substances such as chips generated with the processing operation of the machine tool enter the opening hole 207B and inhibit the rocking of the rocking shaft 261. If the foreign matter impedes the swing of the swing shaft 261, there is a possibility that the tool can not be smoothly attached and removed.

本発明の目的は、主軸ヘッドの移動に伴い揺動するレバーを固定する揺動軸に異物が付着し難い工作機械を提供することである。   An object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool in which foreign matter is less likely to adhere to a swinging shaft that fixes a lever that swings along with the movement of a spindle head.

本発明の工作機械は、水平方向と平行な所定方向に開口する開口孔を形成した壁部を有し、中空の主軸を回転可能に支持する主軸ヘッドと、前記主軸ヘッドを移動可能に支持するコラムと、前記開口孔の内部に設けた軸受と、前記開口孔に挿入し、前記軸受にて揺動可能に支持した揺動軸と、前記揺動軸の一端部に配置したワッシャを有し、前記揺動軸の前記所定方向における変位を規制する規制部と、前記主軸の中空孔内に設け、前記主軸に装着する工具を把持する把持状態と、前記工具を解放する解放状態との間で変化する把持部と、前記主軸の前記中空孔内に前記主軸の軸線方向に移動可能に設け、前記把持部と接続し、付勢手段により前記軸線方向に沿って前記把持部とは反対側に付勢したドローバと、前記揺動軸に固定し、前記ドローバから離隔して前記把持部を前記把持状態にする離隔位置と、前記ドローバを前記把持部に向けて押圧して前記把持部を前記解放状態にする押圧位置との間を、前記揺動軸を中心に揺動するレバーと、前記コラムと前記レバーとの間に設け、前記主軸ヘッドの移動力を前記レバーが揺動する力に変換する変換機構とを備える工作機械において、前記揺動軸の前記一端部と前記ワッシャは、前記開口孔の内部にあり、前記規制部は、前記開口孔を外側から閉塞し、前記ワッシャと対向し、前記壁部に固定した蓋を備えることを特徴とする。上記構成によれば、レバーが、主軸ヘッドの移動に伴い離隔位置と押圧位置との間を揺動することで、把持部は把持状態と解放状態との間で変化し、工具が主軸に対して着脱可能となる。蓋が開口孔を閉塞するので、異物が開口孔の内部に進入し難い。故に、主軸ヘッドの移動に伴い揺動するレバーを固定する揺動軸に異物が付着し難い工作機械が実現する。   The machine tool of the present invention has a wall portion having an opening formed in a predetermined direction parallel to the horizontal direction, and supports a spindle head rotatably supporting a hollow spindle and the spindle head movably. It has a column, a bearing provided inside the open hole, a swing shaft inserted into the open hole, supported swingably by the bearing, and a washer disposed at one end of the swing shaft A regulation portion for regulating the displacement of the swing shaft in the predetermined direction, and a gripping state provided in a hollow hole of the spindle and gripping a tool attached to the spindle, and a release state releasing the tool And a movable portion which is movable in the axial direction of the main shaft in the hollow hole of the main shaft and is connected to the grip portion and is opposite to the grip portion along the axial direction by biasing means. Fixed to the swing shaft and the draw bar Between the separated position where the grip portion is placed in the grip state and the pressed position where the drawbar is pressed toward the grip portion to bring the grip portion into the released state. A machine tool comprising: a lever pivoting about an axis; and a conversion mechanism provided between the column and the lever for converting the moving force of the spindle head into a force pivoting the lever. The one end portion of the shaft and the washer are inside the opening, and the restricting portion closes the opening from the outside, faces the washer, and includes a lid fixed to the wall. I assume. According to the above configuration, the lever swings between the separated position and the pressed position along with the movement of the spindle head, whereby the gripping portion changes between the gripping state and the released state, and the tool moves relative to the spindle It becomes removable. Since the lid closes the opening, foreign matter is less likely to enter the inside of the opening. Therefore, it is possible to realize a machine tool in which foreign matter is less likely to adhere to the swinging shaft that fixes the lever that swings along with the movement of the spindle head.

前記工作機械では、前記蓋は、前記壁部に対向して密着してもよい。この場合、蓋が開口孔を更に確実に閉塞するので、工作機械は揺動軸への異物の付着を更に抑制できる。   In the machine tool, the lid may be in close contact with the wall. In this case, since the lid closes the opening hole more securely, the machine tool can further suppress the adhesion of foreign matter to the swing shaft.

前記工作機械では、前記揺動軸は、前記蓋側の端面である第一端面と、前記第一端面の周端よりも内側となる部位から、前記蓋に向けて突出する突出部とを備え、前記ワッシャは、前記突出部を内側に挿通して保持してもよい。この場合、ワッシャは揺動軸から脱落し難い。   In the machine tool, the rocking shaft includes a first end surface which is an end surface on the lid side, and a projecting portion which protrudes toward the lid from a portion which is inside the peripheral end of the first end surface. The washer may insert and hold the projection inside. In this case, the washer does not easily come off the swing shaft.

前記工作機械では、前記揺動軸は、前記蓋側の端面である第一端面と、前記第一端面に設け、前記蓋側に向けて開口した螺子穴とを備えてもよい。この場合、工作機械は、揺動軸を開口孔から取り出す保守作業を容易化できる。   In the machine tool, the rocking shaft may include a first end face which is an end face on the lid side, and a screw hole provided on the first end face and opened toward the lid side. In this case, the machine tool can facilitate the maintenance operation of taking out the rocking shaft from the opening hole.

工作機械1の斜視図。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a machine tool 1; 工作機械1の上半分の縦断面図。FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the upper half of the machine tool 1; 工作機械1の断面斜視図。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the machine tool 1; 図3の二点鎖線W1で囲んだ領域の拡大図。The enlarged view of the area | region enclosed with the dashed-two dotted line W1 of FIG. 図4の二点鎖線W2で囲んだ領域の拡大図。The enlarged view of the area | region enclosed with the dashed-two dotted line W2 of FIG. 従来の揺動軸961を支持する構造の斜視図。The perspective view of the structure which supports the conventional rocking shaft 961. FIG.

本発明の実施形態を説明する。以下説明は図中に矢印で示す左右、前後、上下を使用する。工作機械1の左右方向、前後方向、上下方向は、夫々、工作機械1のX軸方向、Y軸方向、Z軸方向である。工具交換装置20の向きもこれに倣う。以下説明で、「主軸9に工具ホルダ17を装着する」は「主軸9に工具4を装着する」と同じ意味である。   An embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following description, left and right, front and back, up and down indicated by arrows in the drawings are used. The left-right direction, the front-rear direction, and the up-down direction of the machine tool 1 are the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction of the machine tool 1, respectively. The orientation of the tool changer 20 also follows this. In the following description, “attach the tool holder 17 to the spindle 9” has the same meaning as “attach the tool 4 to the spindle 9”.

図1、図2を参照し、工作機械1の構造を説明する。工作機械1はベース2、コラム5、主軸ヘッド7、主軸9、制御箱6、テーブル10、工具交換装置20等を備える。ベース2は略直方体状の鉄製土台である。コラム5はベース2上部後方に立設する。主軸ヘッド7はコラム5前面に設けた後述するZ軸移動機構22(図2参照)で上下方向に移動可能に設ける。主軸ヘッド7は一対の壁部7A(図3参照)を備える。一対の壁部7Aは夫々主軸ヘッド7の右側壁部と左側壁部である。主軸ヘッド7は内部で主軸9を回転可能に支持する。主軸9は上下方向を軸線方向とする中空の円筒状である。主軸9は工具ホルダ17(図2参照)を装着し、主軸モータ52の駆動で回転する。主軸モータ52は主軸ヘッド7上部に固定する。工具ホルダ17は工具4を保持する。制御箱6は数値制御装置を格納する。数値制御装置は工作機械1の動作を制御する。テーブル10はベース2上部中央に設け、X軸モータ、Y軸モータ、X軸−Y軸ガイド機構によって、X軸方向とY軸方向に移動可能である。   The structure of the machine tool 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The machine tool 1 comprises a base 2, a column 5, a spindle head 7, a spindle 9, a control box 6, a table 10, a tool changer 20 and the like. The base 2 is a substantially cuboid iron base. The column 5 is erected at the upper rear of the base 2. The spindle head 7 is vertically movably provided by a Z-axis moving mechanism 22 (see FIG. 2) which is provided on the front of the column 5 and which will be described later. The spindle head 7 includes a pair of wall portions 7A (see FIG. 3). The pair of wall portions 7A are the right side wall portion and the left side wall portion of the spindle head 7, respectively. The spindle head 7 rotatably supports the spindle 9 therein. The main shaft 9 has a hollow cylindrical shape whose axial direction is the vertical direction. The spindle 9 is mounted with a tool holder 17 (see FIG. 2), and is rotated by the drive of a spindle motor 52. The spindle motor 52 is fixed to the upper portion of the spindle head 7. The tool holder 17 holds the tool 4. The control box 6 stores the numerical controller. The numerical controller controls the operation of the machine tool 1. The table 10 is provided at the upper center of the base 2 and is movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by an X-axis motor, a Y-axis motor, and an X-axis-Y-axis guide mechanism.

工具交換装置20は円盤状の工具マガジン21を備える。工具マガジン21は左右一対のフレーム8でコラム5前面側に支持する。工具マガジン21は外周に複数のグリップアーム90を放射状に支持する。グリップアーム90は工具ホルダ17を着脱自在に保持する。工具交換装置20は工具マガジン21を旋回して工具交換指令が指示する工具を工具交換位置に割出して位置決めする。工具交換指令はNCプログラムで指令する。工具交換位置は工具マガジン21の最下部位置である。工具交換装置20は主軸9に装着する工具4と工具交換位置にある次工具とを交換する。   The tool changer 20 comprises a disk-shaped tool magazine 21. The tool magazine 21 is supported on the front side of the column 5 by a pair of left and right frames 8. The tool magazine 21 radially supports a plurality of grip arms 90 on the outer periphery. The grip arm 90 detachably holds the tool holder 17. The tool changer 20 pivots the tool magazine 21 to index and position the tool specified by the tool change command at the tool change position. The tool change command is issued in the NC program. The tool change position is the lowermost position of the tool magazine 21. The tool changer 20 exchanges the tool 4 mounted on the spindle 9 with the next tool at the tool change position.

図2に示す如く、Z軸移動機構22はナット29、一対のZ軸リニアガイド、一対のレール、Z軸ボール螺子26、Z軸モータを備える。ナット29は主軸ヘッド7背面に設ける。Z軸リニアガイドは、ナット29の左右両側にて主軸ヘッド7背面に設ける。一対のレールはコラム5前面に設け、左右方向に並ぶ。一対のZ軸リニアガイドは夫々一対のレールに上下動可能に連結する。Z軸ボール螺子26は一対のZ軸リニアガイドの間に配置し、上側軸受部と下側軸受部により回転可能に設ける。上側軸受部と下側軸受部はコラム5に設け、上側から順に同軸上に並ぶ。Z軸ボール螺子26は、ナット29に挿通して螺合する。Z軸モータはZ軸ボール螺子26を正逆方向に回転する。故に主軸ヘッド7はナット29と共にZ軸方向に移動する。   As shown in FIG. 2, the Z-axis moving mechanism 22 includes a nut 29, a pair of Z-axis linear guides, a pair of rails, a Z-axis ball screw 26, and a Z-axis motor. The nut 29 is provided on the back of the spindle head 7. The Z-axis linear guides are provided on the back of the spindle head 7 on the left and right sides of the nut 29. A pair of rails are provided on the front of the column 5 and aligned in the left-right direction. The pair of Z-axis linear guides are vertically movably coupled to the pair of rails, respectively. The Z-axis ball screw 26 is disposed between the pair of Z-axis linear guides, and is rotatably provided by the upper bearing portion and the lower bearing portion. The upper bearing portion and the lower bearing portion are provided on the column 5 and coaxially arranged in order from the upper side. The Z-axis ball screw 26 is inserted into and screwed into the nut 29. The Z-axis motor rotates the Z-axis ball screw 26 in forward and reverse directions. Therefore, the spindle head 7 moves in the Z-axis direction together with the nut 29.

主軸ヘッド7は内部に主軸9を回転可能に支持する。主軸9は主軸モータ52の下方に延びる駆動軸にカップリング23で連結する。主軸9は、テーパ装着穴18、ホルダ把持部19、ドローバ69を備える。テーパ装着穴18は主軸9下端部に設ける。テーパ装着穴18は主軸ヘッド7下部に位置する。ホルダ把持部19はテーパ装着穴18上方に設け、上下動可能である。ホルダ把持部19下端部は略筒状である。ホルダ把持部19下端部は、主軸9内壁によって内側に付勢される。ホルダ把持部19は把持状態と解放状態との間で変化する。把持状態は、解放状態の時よりも下端部が縮径したホルダ把持部19の状態である。把持状態のホルダ把持部19は、後述のプルスタッド17Bを把持する。解放状態のホルダ把持部19は把持状態の時よりも下方にある。解放状態のホルダ把持部19はプルスタッド17Bを解放する。ドローバ69は主軸9内部に挿入する。主軸9内部に配置したバネ28はドローバ69を上方に付勢する。   The spindle head 7 rotatably supports the spindle 9 therein. The spindle 9 is coupled to a drive shaft extending downward of the spindle motor 52 by a coupling 23. The main spindle 9 includes a taper mounting hole 18, a holder gripping portion 19, and a drawbar 69. The tapered mounting hole 18 is provided at the lower end of the main shaft 9. The taper mounting hole 18 is located below the spindle head 7. The holder gripping portion 19 is provided above the taper mounting hole 18 and can be moved up and down. The lower end portion of the holder gripping portion 19 is substantially cylindrical. The lower end portion of the holder gripping portion 19 is urged inward by the inner wall of the main spindle 9. The holder gripping portion 19 changes between the gripping state and the releasing state. The gripping state is the state of the holder gripping portion 19 in which the lower end portion has a diameter smaller than in the released state. The holder gripping portion 19 in the gripping state grips a pull stud 17B described later. The holder gripping portion 19 in the released state is lower than in the gripping state. The holder gripping portion 19 in the released state releases the pull stud 17B. The drawbar 69 is inserted into the main spindle 9. A spring 28 disposed inside the main shaft 9 biases the drawbar 69 upward.

工具ホルダ17は一端側に工具4を保持し、他端側にテーパ装着部17Aとプルスタッド17Bを備える。テーパ装着部17Aは略円錐状である。プルスタッド17Bはテーパ装着部17Aの頂上部から軸方向に突出する。テーパ装着部17Aは主軸9のテーパ装着穴18に装着する。把持状態のホルダ把持部19は、テーパ装着穴18に装着した工具ホルダ17のプルスタッド17Bを把持する。ドローバ69がホルダ把持部19を下方に押圧すると、ホルダ把持部19は下降する。ホルダ把持部19は把持状態から解放状態に変化し、プルスタッド17Bを解放する。   The tool holder 17 holds the tool 4 on one end side, and has a taper mounting portion 17A and a pull stud 17B on the other end side. The tapered mounting portion 17A is substantially conical. The pull studs 17B project axially from the top of the taper mounting portion 17A. The tapered mounting portion 17A is mounted in the tapered mounting hole 18 of the main shaft 9. The holder gripping portion 19 in the gripping state grips the pull stud 17 B of the tool holder 17 mounted in the taper mounting hole 18. When the drawbar 69 presses the holder gripping portion 19 downward, the holder gripping portion 19 is lowered. The holder gripping portion 19 changes from the gripping state to the releasing state, and releases the pull stud 17B.

主軸ヘッド7は後方上部内側にレバー60を備える。レバー60は略L字型で揺動軸61にて固定する。揺動軸61は、左右方向に延びる軸部材であり、支持機構100(図3参照)によって主軸ヘッド7内部にて揺動可能に支持する。支持機構100の構造の詳細は後述する。レバー60は円筒部64、第一レバー63、第二レバー62を備える。円筒部64は左右方向に延び、揺動軸61を内側に挿通する。円筒部64は、軸線から離隔する方向に向けて開口する一対の螺子孔64A(図4参照)を備える。一対の螺子孔64Aは左右方向に並ぶ。一対の螺子71(図4参照)が夫々一対の螺子孔64Aに螺合して揺動軸61に当たる。故にレバー60は揺動軸61と共に揺動可能である。第一レバー63は、一対の螺子孔64Aの間となる左右方向位置にあり、円筒部64からコラム5側に対して斜め上方に延びる。第二レバー62は、第一レバー63と略同じ左右方向位置にあり、円筒部64から前方に延びる。   The spindle head 7 is provided with a lever 60 at the rear upper portion inside. The lever 60 is substantially L-shaped and fixed by the swing shaft 61. The swing shaft 61 is a shaft member extending in the left-right direction, and is swingably supported inside the spindle head 7 by the support mechanism 100 (see FIG. 3). Details of the structure of the support mechanism 100 will be described later. The lever 60 includes a cylindrical portion 64, a first lever 63, and a second lever 62. The cylindrical portion 64 extends in the left-right direction, and the swinging shaft 61 is inserted inside. The cylindrical portion 64 includes a pair of screw holes 64A (see FIG. 4) opening in a direction away from the axis. The pair of screw holes 64A are aligned in the left-right direction. The pair of screws 71 (see FIG. 4) are screwed into the pair of screw holes 64A and hit the swing shaft 61. Therefore, the lever 60 can swing along with the swing shaft 61. The first lever 63 is located in the left-right direction between the pair of screw holes 64A, and extends obliquely upward from the cylindrical portion 64 with respect to the column 5 side. The second lever 62 is in substantially the same lateral position as the first lever 63 and extends forward from the cylindrical portion 64.

レバー60は、離隔位置(図2参照)と押圧位置との間を揺動軸61を中心に揺動する。レバー60が離隔位置にある時、第二レバー62はドローバ69に直交して突設するピン58に対して上方に離隔し、ホルダ把持部19を把持状態にする。レバー60が押圧位置にある時、第二レバー62はピン58に対して上方から接触し下方に押圧することで、ドローバ69を介してホルダ把持部19を下方に押圧し、ホルダ把持部19を解放状態にする。レバー60は右側面視反時計回り(矢印C)に揺動することで、離隔位置から押圧位置に揺動する。   The lever 60 pivots about the pivot shaft 61 between the separated position (see FIG. 2) and the pressing position. When the lever 60 is in the separated position, the second lever 62 is separated upward with respect to the pin 58 projecting perpendicularly to the drawbar 69, and the holder gripping portion 19 is put in a gripping state. When the lever 60 is in the pressing position, the second lever 62 contacts the pin 58 from above and presses it downward, thereby pressing the holder gripping portion 19 downward via the drawbar 69, and the holder gripping portion 19 Put in a released state. The lever 60 swings from the separated position to the pressed position by swinging counterclockwise (arrow C) in the right side view.

工作機械1はコラム5とレバー60の間に変換機構65を備える。変換機構65は、主軸ヘッド7の上下動する移動力をレバー60の揺動力に変換する機構である。変換機構65はZ軸カム66、ローラ67、引張バネ68を備える。Z軸カム66は、第一レバー63の上端部背面に設ける。Z軸カム66は右側面視台形状に形成する。Z軸カム66はコラム5側にカム面66Aを備える。カム面66Aは傾斜部66Bと直線部66Cを含む。傾斜部66Bは、前斜め上方から後斜め下方に向けて延びる。直線部66Cは傾斜部66Bの下部から下方に直線状に延びる。ローラ67は上側軸受部に設ける。ローラ67はカム面66Aに対して接離可能である。ローラ67は、主軸ヘッド7の昇降によりカム面66Aに対して相対的に摺動する。引張バネ68は第一レバー63と主軸ヘッド7との間に設ける。引張バネ68は、揺動軸61を中心に右側面視時計回り(矢印D)にレバー60を付勢する。   The machine tool 1 includes a conversion mechanism 65 between the column 5 and the lever 60. The conversion mechanism 65 is a mechanism that converts the moving force for moving the spindle head 7 up and down to the swinging force of the lever 60. The conversion mechanism 65 includes a Z-axis cam 66, a roller 67, and a tension spring 68. The Z-axis cam 66 is provided on the back of the upper end portion of the first lever 63. The Z-axis cam 66 is formed in a trapezoidal shape in a right side view. The Z-axis cam 66 has a cam surface 66A on the column 5 side. The cam surface 66A includes an inclined portion 66B and a straight portion 66C. The inclined portion 66B extends from the upper front to the lower rear. The straight portion 66C linearly extends downward from the lower portion of the inclined portion 66B. The roller 67 is provided on the upper bearing portion. The roller 67 is capable of contacting and separating with the cam surface 66A. The roller 67 slides relative to the cam surface 66A as the spindle head 7 moves up and down. The tension spring 68 is provided between the first lever 63 and the spindle head 7. The tension spring 68 biases the lever 60 clockwise (arrow D) in a right side view centering on the swing shaft 61.

図5を参照し、揺動軸61右端の構造を説明する。揺動軸61は第一端面61A、突出部61B、螺子穴61Cを備える。第一端面61Aは揺動軸61の右端面である。突出部61Bは第一端面61Aの中央部から右方に向けて突出する円柱状である。換言すると、突出部61Bは、第一端面61A周端よりも内側となる部位から右方に向けて突出する円柱状である。突出部61Bは開口孔107内部にある。螺子穴61Cは突出部61B右端面中央部に設け、右方に開口する。揺動軸61左端の構造は、揺動軸61右端の構造と左右対称であるので、詳細な説明を省略する。   The structure of the right end of the rocking shaft 61 will be described with reference to FIG. The swing shaft 61 includes a first end face 61A, a protrusion 61B, and a screw hole 61C. The first end face 61 </ b> A is the right end face of the swing shaft 61. The protrusion 61B has a cylindrical shape that protrudes rightward from the central portion of the first end surface 61A. In other words, the protrusion 61B has a cylindrical shape that protrudes rightward from a portion that is inside the circumferential end of the first end surface 61A. The protrusion 61 B is inside the opening hole 107. The screw hole 61C is provided at the center of the right end surface of the protrusion 61B and opens to the right. The structure at the left end of the rocking shaft 61 is symmetrical with the structure at the right end of the rocking shaft 61, and thus the detailed description will be omitted.

図3〜図5に示す如く支持機構100は右支持機構101と左支持機構102を備える。右支持機構101は開口孔107、一対の締結穴108、軸受103、規制部110を備える。開口孔107は、右側の壁部7Aに設けた左右方向に開口する孔である。一対の締結穴108は右側の壁部7Aに設け、開口孔107を間にして上下方向に並ぶ。軸受103は左右方向に沿う姿勢で開口孔107内部に支持する。軸受103は例えば滑り軸受である。揺動軸61は開口孔107に挿通し、軸受103にて揺動可能に支持する。   As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the support mechanism 100 includes a right support mechanism 101 and a left support mechanism 102. The right support mechanism 101 includes an opening hole 107, a pair of fastening holes 108, a bearing 103, and a restriction portion 110. The opening hole 107 is a hole provided in the right side wall 7A and opened in the left-right direction. A pair of fastening holes 108 are provided in the right side wall 7A, and are arranged vertically with the opening holes 107 interposed therebetween. The bearing 103 is supported inside the opening hole 107 in a posture along the left-right direction. The bearing 103 is, for example, a slide bearing. The swinging shaft 61 is inserted into the opening hole 107, and is swingably supported by the bearing 103.

規制部110はワッシャ113、蓋115、一対の螺子部材116を備える。ワッシャ113は第一端面61Aに配置し、突出部61Bを内側に挿通して保持する。蓋115は左右方向に厚さを有する板状であり、開口孔107を右側から塞ぐ。蓋115は一対の挿通孔115Aを有する。一対の挿通孔115Aは何れも蓋115を左右方向に貫通する。一対の挿通孔115Aは夫々一対の締結穴108に対して右方から対向する。螺子部材116は、挿通孔115Aに挿通し、該挿通孔115Aと対向する締結穴108に締結する。故に蓋115は右側の壁部7Aに固定して、開口孔107を右側から閉塞する。より詳細には、蓋115左面の周端部は壁部7A右面に密着し、蓋115左面の中央部は突出部61Bに対向し、蓋115のうちで周端部と中央部の間となる部位は、ワッシャ113を間にして揺動軸61の第一端面61Aと対向する。   The restriction portion 110 includes a washer 113, a lid 115, and a pair of screw members 116. The washer 113 is disposed on the first end face 61A, and the protrusion 61B is inserted and held inside. The lid 115 is a plate having a thickness in the left-right direction, and closes the opening hole 107 from the right side. The lid 115 has a pair of insertion holes 115A. Each of the pair of insertion holes 115A penetrates the lid 115 in the left-right direction. The pair of insertion holes 115A respectively oppose the pair of fastening holes 108 from the right side. The screw member 116 is inserted into the insertion hole 115A and is fastened to the fastening hole 108 opposed to the insertion hole 115A. Therefore, the lid 115 is fixed to the right wall 7A to close the opening 107 from the right. More specifically, the peripheral edge of the left surface of the lid 115 is in close contact with the right surface of the wall 7A, and the central region of the left surface of the lid 115 faces the projection 61B, and between the peripheral edge and the central region of the lid 115 The portion is opposed to the first end face 61A of the swing shaft 61 with the washer 113 in between.

左支持機構102は右支持機構101と左右対称である。即ち、左支持機構102は開口孔、一対の締結穴、軸受、規制部を備える。左支持機構102の構造の詳細な説明については省略する。左支持機構102が備える上記構成要素を図面上で符号を用いて指し示すのも併せて省略する。   The left support mechanism 102 is symmetrical to the right support mechanism 101. That is, the left support mechanism 102 includes an opening hole, a pair of fastening holes, a bearing, and a restricting portion. The detailed description of the structure of the left support mechanism 102 is omitted. It is also omitted to indicate the above-described components provided in the left support mechanism 102 with reference numerals in the drawings.

例えば右方を向く力が揺動軸61に作用した時、第一端面61Aがワッシャ113を介して蓋115に当たる。故に右支持機構101の規制部110は、揺動軸61の右方への変位を規制する。同様に、左方を向く力が揺動軸61に作用した時、左支持機構102の規制部は、揺動軸61の左方への変位を規制する。故に規制部110と左支持機構102の規制部は、揺動軸61の左右方向における変位を規制する。   For example, when a force directed to the right acts on the rocking shaft 61, the first end face 61 </ b> A hits the lid 115 via the washer 113. Therefore, the restricting portion 110 of the right support mechanism 101 restricts the displacement of the rocking shaft 61 to the right. Similarly, when a force directed to the left acts on the rocking shaft 61, the restricting portion of the left support mechanism 102 regulates the displacement of the rocking shaft 61 to the left. Therefore, the restricting portion 110 and the restricting portion of the left support mechanism 102 restrict the displacement of the swinging shaft 61 in the left-right direction.

主軸9への工具ホルダ17の脱着動作を説明する。図2に示す如く、主軸9のテーパ装着穴18に、工具ホルダ17のテーパ装着部17Aが装着した状態で、主軸ヘッド7は上昇する(矢印U)。レバー60に設けたZ軸カム66はローラ67に接触して摺動する。
変換機構65は、主軸ヘッド7の上昇力を、レバー60の右側面視反時計回りの揺動力に変換する。レバー60は引張バネ68の付勢力に抗して、離隔位置から押圧位置に向けて揺動する(矢印C)。第二レバー62はピン58に上方から係合し、バネ28の付勢力に抗してドローバ69を下方に押圧する。ドローバ69はホルダ把持部19を下方に付勢する。ホルダ把持部19は、把持状態から解放状態に変化し、プルスタッド17Bの把持を解除する。工具ホルダ17は主軸9のテーパ装着穴18から取り外し可能となる。
The attaching and detaching operation of the tool holder 17 to the spindle 9 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, in a state where the tapered mounting portion 17A of the tool holder 17 is mounted in the tapered mounting hole 18 of the main spindle 9, the main spindle head 7 ascends (arrow U). The Z-axis cam 66 provided on the lever 60 slides in contact with the roller 67.
The conversion mechanism 65 converts the lifting force of the spindle head 7 into a counterclockwise swinging force in a right side view of the lever 60. The lever 60 swings from the separated position toward the pressed position against the biasing force of the tension spring 68 (arrow C). The second lever 62 engages with the pin 58 from above, and pushes the drawbar 69 downward against the biasing force of the spring 28. The drawbar 69 biases the holder gripping portion 19 downward. The holder gripping portion 19 changes from the gripping state to the releasing state, and releases the gripping of the pull stud 17B. The tool holder 17 can be removed from the taper mounting hole 18 of the spindle 9.

工具ホルダ17のテーパ装着部17Aが主軸9のテーパ装着穴18に挿入した状態で、主軸ヘッド7は下降する。レバー60に設けたZ軸カム66は下方に移動しながらローラ67に対して摺動する。変換機構65は、主軸ヘッド7の下降力を、レバー60の右側面視時計回りの揺動力に変換する。レバー60は押圧位置から離隔位置に揺動する(矢印D)。第二レバー62はピン58から上方に離れ、ドローバ69の下方への押圧を解除する。ドローバ69はバネ28の付勢力で上方に移動し、ホルダ把持部19の下方への付勢を解除する。ホルダ把持部19は解放状態から把持状態に変化し、プルスタッド17Bを把持する。主軸9への工具ホルダ17の装着は完了する。   The spindle head 7 descends in a state where the taper mounting portion 17A of the tool holder 17 is inserted into the taper mounting hole 18 of the spindle 9. The Z-axis cam 66 provided on the lever 60 slides on the roller 67 while moving downward. The conversion mechanism 65 converts the lowering force of the spindle head 7 into a swinging force in the clockwise direction of the lever 60 in a right side view. The lever 60 swings from the pressed position to the separated position (arrow D). The second lever 62 separates upward from the pin 58 and releases the downward pressing of the drawbar 69. The drawbar 69 moves upward by the biasing force of the spring 28 and releases the downward biasing of the holder gripping portion 19. The holder gripping portion 19 changes from the released state to the gripping state, and grips the pull stud 17B. The mounting of the tool holder 17 on the spindle 9 is completed.

図3、図5を参照し、揺動軸61の開口孔107からの取出し作業を説明する。作業者は、揺動軸61の取出しを、工作機械1の保守作業時に実行する。保守作業は、取出した揺動軸61を清掃する作業、取り出した揺動軸61を別の揺動軸61に交換する作業、開口孔107内部を清掃する作業等を含む。   With reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the extraction operation from the opening hole 107 of the rocking shaft 61 will be described. The operator takes out the swing shaft 61 at the time of maintenance work of the machine tool 1. The maintenance work includes an operation of cleaning the taken-out rocking shaft 61, an operation of replacing the taken-out rocking shaft 61 with another rocking shaft 61, and an operation of cleaning the inside of the opening hole 107.

作業者は、一対の螺子71(図4参照)を夫々一対の螺子孔64Aから外れない程度に緩める。一対の螺子71は揺動軸61から離隔する。作業者は、右支持機構101の一対の螺子部材116と、左支持機構102の一対の螺子部材を取り外す。作業者は、右支持機構101の蓋115とワッシャ113と、左支持機構102の蓋とワッシャを取り外す。作業者は、作業用締結部材を揺動軸61の螺子穴61Cに螺合する。作業者は螺合した作業用締結部材を掴み、揺動軸61を開口孔107から取り出す。   The operator loosens the pair of screws 71 (see FIG. 4) to such an extent that they do not come out of the pair of screw holes 64A. The pair of screws 71 is separated from the swing shaft 61. The operator removes the pair of screw members 116 of the right support mechanism 101 and the pair of screw members of the left support mechanism 102. The operator removes the lid 115 and the washer 113 of the right support mechanism 101 and the lid and the washer of the left support mechanism 102. The operator screws the working fastening member into the screw hole 61C of the rocking shaft 61. The operator grasps the screwed working fastening member and takes out the swinging shaft 61 from the opening hole 107.

以上説明の如く、レバー60が、主軸ヘッド7の上下動に伴い揺動軸61を中心に離隔位置と押圧位置との間を揺動することで、ホルダ把持部19は把持状態と解放状態との間で変化し、工具4は主軸9に対して着脱可能となる。蓋115が開口孔107を閉塞するので、工作機械1の加工動作に伴い生じる切粉等の異物は、開口孔107の内部に進入し難い。故に工作機械1は、主軸ヘッド7の上下動に伴い揺動するレバー60を固定する揺動軸61への異物の付着を抑制できる。   As described above, when the lever 60 swings between the separated position and the pressed position about the swing shaft 61 as the spindle head 7 moves up and down, the holder gripping portion 19 is held in the gripping state and in the released state. , And the tool 4 can be attached to and detached from the spindle 9. Since the lid 115 closes the opening hole 107, foreign substances such as chips generated due to the processing operation of the machine tool 1 do not easily enter the inside of the opening hole 107. Therefore, the machine tool 1 can suppress the adhesion of foreign matter to the swinging shaft 61 which fixes the lever 60 swinging with the vertical movement of the spindle head 7.

蓋115は壁部7Aに対向して密着する。蓋115が開口孔107を更に確実に閉塞するので、工作機械1は揺動軸61への異物の付着を更に抑制できる。揺動軸61の突出部61Bは、第一端面61Aから蓋115に向けて右側に突出する。ワッシャ113は突出部61Bを内側に挿入して保持する。故にワッシャ113は揺動軸61から脱落し難い。   The lid 115 is in close contact with the wall 7A. Since the lid 115 further reliably closes the opening hole 107, the machine tool 1 can further suppress the adhesion of foreign matter to the swing shaft 61. The protrusion 61B of the rocking shaft 61 protrudes to the right from the first end face 61A toward the lid 115. The washer 113 inserts and holds the protrusion 61B inside. Therefore, the washer 113 does not easily come off the swinging shaft 61.

揺動軸61は、蓋115に向けて開口する螺子穴61Cを備える。工作機械1の保守作業を行う作業者は、蓋115を取り外した後に作業用締結部材を螺子穴61Cに螺合し、螺合した作業用締結部材を掴めば、開口孔107内側にある揺動軸61を容易に取り出せる。故に工作機械1は揺動軸61を開口孔107から取り出す保守作業を容易化できる。   The swinging shaft 61 includes a screw hole 61 </ b> C that opens toward the lid 115. A worker who performs maintenance work of the machine tool 1 screws the working fastening member into the screw hole 61C after removing the lid 115, grasps the screwing working fastening member, and swings inside the opening hole 107. The shaft 61 can be easily taken out. Therefore, the machine tool 1 can facilitate the maintenance operation of taking the swinging shaft 61 out of the opening hole 107.

以上説明にて、左右方向は本発明の所定方向の一例である。ホルダ把持部19は本発明の把持部の一例である。バネ28は本発明の付勢手段の一例である。   In the above description, the left and right direction is an example of the predetermined direction of the present invention. The holder gripping portion 19 is an example of the gripping portion of the present invention. The spring 28 is an example of the biasing means of the present invention.

本発明は上記実施例に限定しない。主軸9は上下動する代わりに例えば左右方向に移動可能であってもよい。該時、主軸9の軸線方向は左右方向となり、ドローバ69は主軸9内部で左右方向に移動可能に設け、変換機構65は、主軸9の左右動する移動力を、レバー60の揺動力に変換する。軸受103は、滑り軸受である代わりに、転がり軸受であってもよい。支持機構100は、右支持機構101と左支持機構102の何れか一方の機構のみを備えていてもよい。   The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The main shaft 9 may be movable, for example, in the left-right direction instead of moving up and down. At this time, the axial direction of the main shaft 9 is left and right, and the drawbar 69 is provided so as to be movable in the left and right direction inside the main shaft 9 Do. The bearing 103 may be a rolling bearing instead of a sliding bearing. The support mechanism 100 may include only one of the right support mechanism 101 and the left support mechanism 102.

壁部7Aは、主軸ヘッド7の前側壁部と後側壁部であってもよい。該時、開口孔107は前後方向に開口し、揺動軸61は前後方向に延び、蓋115は、開口孔107を前側又は後側から閉塞する。   The wall 7A may be a front side wall and a rear side wall of the spindle head 7. At this time, the opening hole 107 opens in the front-rear direction, the swinging shaft 61 extends in the front-rear direction, and the lid 115 closes the opening hole 107 from the front side or the rear side.

揺動軸61は突出部61Bを備えなくてもよい。該時ワッシャ113は、突出部61Bにて保持する代わりに、揺動軸61の中心部と第一端面61Aとの間にある外周面に取り付けて保持してもよい。揺動軸61は螺子穴61Cを備えなくてもよい。   The swinging shaft 61 may not include the protrusion 61B. At this time, the washer 113 may be attached to and held on the outer peripheral surface between the central portion of the swing shaft 61 and the first end face 61A instead of being held by the projecting portion 61B. The swinging shaft 61 may not have the screw hole 61C.

1 工作機械
5 コラム
7 主軸ヘッド
7A 壁部
19 ホルダ把持部
28 バネ
60 レバー
61 揺動軸
61A 第一端面
61B 突出部
61C 螺子孔
69 ドローバ
103 軸受
107 開口孔
110 規制部
113 ワッシャ
115 蓋
Reference Signs List 1 machine tool 5 column 7 spindle head 7A wall 19 holder grip 28 spring 60 lever 61 swing shaft 61A first end face 61B protrusion 61C screw hole 69 draw bar 103 bearing 107 opening hole 110 restricting portion 113 washer 115 lid

Claims (4)

水平方向と平行な所定方向に開口する開口孔を形成した壁部を有し、中空の主軸を回転可能に支持する主軸ヘッドと、
前記主軸ヘッドを移動可能に支持するコラムと、
前記開口孔の内部に設けた軸受と、
前記開口孔に挿通し、前記軸受にて揺動可能に支持した揺動軸と、
前記揺動軸の一端部に配置したワッシャを有し、前記揺動軸の前記所定方向における変位を規制する規制部と、
前記主軸の中空孔内に設け、前記主軸に装着する工具を把持する把持状態と、前記工具を解放する解放状態との間で変化する把持部と、
前記主軸の前記中空孔内に前記主軸の軸線方向に移動可能に設け、前記把持部と接続し、付勢手段により前記軸線方向に沿って前記把持部とは反対側に付勢したドローバと、
前記揺動軸に固定し、前記ドローバから離隔して前記把持部を前記把持状態にする離隔位置と、前記ドローバを前記把持部に向けて押圧して前記把持部を前記解放状態にする押圧位置との間を、前記揺動軸を中心に揺動するレバーと、
前記コラムと前記レバーとの間に設け、前記主軸ヘッドの移動力を前記レバーが揺動する力に変換する変換機構と
を備える工作機械において、
前記揺動軸の前記一端部と前記ワッシャは、前記開口孔の内部にあり、
前記規制部は、前記開口孔を外側から閉塞し、前記ワッシャと対向し、前記壁部に固定した蓋を備えることを特徴とする工作機械。
A spindle head having a wall portion having an opening formed in a predetermined direction parallel to the horizontal direction and rotatably supporting a hollow spindle;
A column movably supporting the spindle head;
A bearing provided inside the opening hole,
A swing shaft inserted through the opening and supported swingably by the bearing;
A restricting portion having a washer disposed at one end of the rocking shaft, and restricting displacement of the rocking shaft in the predetermined direction;
A gripping portion which is provided in a hollow hole of the spindle and changes between a gripping state for gripping a tool mounted on the spindle and a releasing state for releasing the tool;
A drawbar provided in the hollow hole of the spindle so as to be movable in the axial direction of the spindle, connected to the gripping portion, and biased by the biasing means along the axial direction to the opposite side of the gripping portion;
A separated position fixed to the swing shaft and separated from the drawbar to bring the gripping part into the gripping state, and a pressing position pushing the drawbar toward the gripping part to bring the gripping part into the released state A lever that pivots about the pivot axis,
A machine tool, provided between the column and the lever, for converting the moving force of the spindle head into a force that causes the lever to swing;
The one end of the pivot shaft and the washer are inside the opening hole,
A machine tool characterized in that the restriction portion closes the opening hole from the outside, faces the washer, and has a lid fixed to the wall portion.
前記蓋は、前記壁部に対向して密着することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の工作機械。   The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the lid is in close contact with the wall portion. 前記揺動軸は、
前記蓋側の端面である第一端面と、
前記第一端面の周端よりも内側となる部位から、前記蓋に向けて突出する突出部と
を備え、
前記ワッシャは、前記突出部を内側に挿通して保持することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の工作機械。
The rocking shaft is
A first end face which is an end face on the lid side;
And a projecting portion that protrudes toward the lid from a portion that is inside the circumferential end of the first end surface,
The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the washer inserts and holds the projecting portion inside.
前記揺動軸は、
前記蓋側の端面である第一端面と、
前記第一端面に設け、前記蓋側に向けて開口した螺子穴と
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の工作機械。
The rocking shaft is
A first end face which is an end face on the lid side;
The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a screw hole provided on the first end surface and opening toward the lid side.
JP2017166585A 2017-08-31 2017-08-31 Machine tool Pending JP2019042839A (en)

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CN113109541A (en) * 2020-01-13 2021-07-13 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 Bedrock dyeing tracing method for measuring erosion rate of shale farming

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JPH08100749A (en) * 1994-09-29 1996-04-16 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Stator device
JPH11170152A (en) * 1997-12-12 1999-06-29 Tokyo Seimitsu Co Ltd Loosening preventive structure of groove roller for wire saw
JP2001304314A (en) * 2000-04-25 2001-10-31 Ogura Clutch Co Ltd Deenergizing actuated electromagnetic brake
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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