JP2019035735A - Processing method of tritium-water including contaminated water - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、トリチウムを含む大量の汚染水を、実用的なレベルでの減容量化を可能とした処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a treatment method capable of reducing the volume of contaminated water containing tritium at a practical level.
原発の汚染水処理として、多核種除去設備ではトリチウムを除く放射性物質の除去が可能になっている。汚染水中のトリチウム濃度については、法的規制値である６×１０４Ｂｑ／Ｌ以下まで下げることが要請されている。
ここで、トリチウム（Ｔ）はトリチウム水（ＨＴＯ又はＴ２Ｏ）として存在するが、これは軽水（Ｈ２Ｏ）との分離が困難である。
As the primary treatment of contaminated water, radioactive materials other than tritium can be removed at the multi-nuclide removal equipment. The tritium concentration in the contaminated water is required to be lowered to a legal regulation value of 6 × 10 4 Bq / L or less.
Here, tritium (T) exists as tritium water (HTO or T 2 O), which is difficult to separate from light water (H 2 O).
トリチウム分離技術としては、液体水素としてから低温蒸留する方法や、トリチウム水と軽水を多段で蒸留する方法がある。後者の蒸留法は軽水とトリチウム水の蒸気圧の違いにより分離する方法である。しかし、トリチウム水と軽水の蒸気圧差が小さく、理論段数が大きくなり、装置の大型化やエネルギー消費が大きいという問題がある。 As the tritium separation technology, there are a method of low-temperature distillation after liquid hydrogen, and a method of distilling tritium water and light water in multiple stages. The latter distillation method is a method of separation based on the difference in vapor pressure of light water and tritium water. However, there is a problem that the difference in vapor pressure between tritium water and light water is small, the number of theoretical plates is large, the apparatus is large, and the energy consumption is large.
特許文献１は、充填材としてシリカゲルビーズが充填された蒸留塔によって、４０℃以下の低温蒸留を行うようにして、トリチウム水を濃縮することを教える。そして、低温蒸留を行うと、例えば６０℃の場合に比べて４０℃の場合には比揮発度が１．０５から１．１６に向上するとし、蒸留塔の充填材としてシリカゲルビーズを使用すると、比揮発度が更に向上するから、両者の相乗効果により理論段数を小さくでき、実用可能な装置の小型化を図ることができるとする。 Patent Document 1 teaches that tritium water is concentrated by performing low-temperature distillation at 40 ° C. or lower by a distillation column packed with silica gel beads as a filler. And, when performing low temperature distillation, for example, the relative volatility is improved from 1.05 to 1.16 in the case of 40 ° C. compared to the case of 60 ° C., and when silica gel beads are used as the filler of the distillation column, Since the relative volatility is further improved, the number of theoretical plates can be reduced by the synergistic effect of both, and the practical device can be reduced in size.
特許文献２は、トリチウム水を電解槽で電気分解し、生じた水素ガスをパラジウム合金製の分離膜により水素とトリチウムに分離する方法を教える。
特許文献３は、トリチウムを含む汚染水に、有機酸、有機酸アルカリ塩等の有機物を投入し、微細気泡を循環させて微細気泡界面を介してカルボン酸基のα位の水素をトリチウムと置換させる反応を生じさせ、これに無機金属塩を添加し、トリチウム置換生成物の水不溶性を増加させ、次いで活性炭、ゼオライトにより吸着分離する方法を開示する。
特許文献４は、トリチウム水を含む汚染水を、界面前進凍結法によって凍結水の結晶を層状に析出させながら、これを掻き取り除去し、除去した凍結水の結晶を含む汚染水を、熟成槽に供給し、凍結トリチウム水の結晶を成長させ、成長した凍結トリチウム水の結晶を含む汚染水を、固液分離装置で凍結トリチウム水の結晶と汚染水とに分離する方法を開示する。
In Patent Document 3, organic substances such as organic acids and organic acid alkali salts are introduced into contaminated water containing tritium, and the microbubbles are circulated to replace the hydrogen at the α-position of the carboxylic acid group with tritium through the microbubble interface. A method is disclosed in which an inorganic metal salt is added thereto to increase the water insolubility of the tritium-substituted product, and then adsorbed and separated by activated carbon and zeolite.
上記のようにトリチウム水を含む汚染水の処理技術にはいくつかの方法が提案されているが、100万Ｂｑ／Ｌを超えるような高濃度で、多量に存在する汚染水を処理して、6万Ｂｑ／Ｌ以下とするには設備費や運転コストが高いという問題がある。 Several methods have been proposed for treating contaminated water containing tritium water as described above, but treating contaminated water present in large quantities at a high concentration exceeding 1 million Bq / L, There is a problem that the equipment cost and the operation cost are high to make it 60,000 Bq / L or less.
そこで、設備が簡単で、運転コストが低く、汚染水の高度な減容化が可能な処理方法が望まれていた。本願発明は、かかる処理方法を提供することにある。 Therefore, there has been a demand for a treatment method that is simple in equipment, low in operating cost, and capable of highly reducing the volume of contaminated water. The present invention is to provide such a processing method.
本発明は、トリチウム水含有汚染水を、吸水性ポリマーに吸水させて含水吸水性ポリマーとすること、含水吸水性ポリマーの水分を８０℃以下の低温で吸水量の５０％以上を蒸発又は留出させて水分中のトリチウム水を吸水性ポリマー中に濃縮して濃縮含水吸水性ポリマーとすること、トリチウム水が濃縮された濃縮含水吸水性ポリマーを容器に保管することを特徴とするトリチウム水含有汚染水の処理方法である。 In the present invention, contaminated water containing tritium water is absorbed into a water-absorbing polymer to obtain a water-containing water-absorbing polymer, and the water content of the water-containing water-absorbing polymer is evaporated or distilled at a low temperature of 80 ° C. or less. Tritium water-containing contamination characterized by storing tritium water in water into a water-absorbing polymer to form a concentrated water-containing water-absorbing polymer, and storing the concentrated water-containing water-absorbing polymer in which tritium water is concentrated in a container Water treatment method.
本発明の第二の態様は、トリチウム水含有汚染水を吸水性ポリマーに吸水させて含水吸水性ポリマー又は含水吸水性ポリマーを含む水相とすること、この含水吸水性ポリマー又は水相の水分を８０℃以下の低温で吸水量の５０％以上を蒸発又は留出させて半固形状の濃縮含水吸水性ポリマーとすること、半固形状の濃縮含水吸水性ポリマーを容器に保管することを特徴とするトリチウム水含有汚染水の処理方法である。 In the second aspect of the present invention, the tritium water-containing contaminated water is absorbed by the water-absorbing polymer to obtain a water-containing water-absorbing polymer or a water phase containing the water-containing water-absorbing polymer. It is characterized by evaporating or distilling 50% or more of the water absorption at a low temperature of 80 ° C. or lower to form a semisolid concentrated water-absorbing polymer, and storing the semisolid concentrated water-absorbing polymer in a container. This is a method for treating contaminated water containing tritium water.
上記トリチウム水含有汚染水を吸水性ポリマーに吸水させて含水吸水性ポリマーとする際に非電界質の水溶性の糖質を存在させることなどして、含水吸水性ポリマー中に上記糖質を存在させることが望ましい。また、半固形状の濃縮含水吸水性ポリマーを更に蒸発処理に付して、水分濃度を減少させると共に、水分中のトリチウム濃度を減少させることが望ましい。 Existence of the saccharide in the water-absorbing water-absorbing polymer, such as the presence of a non-electrolytic water-soluble saccharide when the water-absorbing polymer is made to absorb the contaminated water containing tritium water. It is desirable to make it. Further, it is desirable that the semi-solid concentrated water-absorbing polymer is further subjected to evaporation treatment to reduce the water concentration and reduce the tritium concentration in the water.
上記蒸発又は留出は、雰囲気温度以上、好ましくは２０〜６０℃で行うことができる。また、吸水性ポリマーとしては、ポリアクリル酸塩系のポリマーが使用できる。そして、吸水性ポリマーの１０〜１０００重量倍の水を吸水させて、吸水量の９０〜９９％を蒸発又は留出させることにより、大幅な減量化が達成可能となる。 The evaporation or distillation can be performed at an ambient temperature or higher, preferably 20 to 60 ° C. In addition, as the water-absorbing polymer, a polyacrylate polymer can be used. And drastic reduction in weight can be achieved by absorbing 10 to 1000 times as much water as the water-absorbing polymer and evaporating or distilling 90 to 99% of the water absorption.
本発明の第三の態様は、密閉空間において、トリチウム水含有汚染水に非電界質の水溶性の糖質を溶解させた後、糖質を結晶化させて、糖質中にトリチウムを取り込むことを特徴とするトリチウム水含有汚染水の処理方法である。 The third aspect of the present invention is to incorporate tritium into a saccharide by dissolving the non-electrolytic water-soluble saccharide in the contaminated water containing tritium water in a sealed space, and then crystallizing the saccharide. A method for treating contaminated water containing tritium water.
本発明の第四の態様は、密閉空間において、トリチウム水含有汚染水と離間させて吸水性ポリマーを配置し、水蒸気を介した同位体交換等によって、トリチウム水含有汚染水中のトリチウムを吸水性ポリマーに移動することを特徴とするトリチウム水含有汚染水の処理方法である。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the water-absorbing polymer is disposed in a sealed space so as to be separated from the contaminated water containing tritium water, and the tritium in the contaminated water containing tritium water is absorbed by the isotope exchange via water vapor. This is a method for treating contaminated water containing tritium water.
本発明によれば、トリチウム水含有汚染水の容量を大幅に減量できる。蒸発又は留出は、８０℃以下の低温、好ましくは雰囲気温度に近い温度で行うので、１００℃での蒸留に比べて、蒸気圧比（分離性能）が格段に向上し、更に吸水性ポリマーは先行文献に開示されたシリカゲルビーズと同等以上の分離性能向上効果を示すので、気体として排出される水蒸気中のトリチウム水の濃度を大幅に低減することが可能となる。この結果、気体として排出される水蒸気中のトリチウム水の濃度を規制値以下とすることが容易にできる。また、トリチウム水が濃縮された水を吸水した吸水性ポリマーは、吸水により膨張した体積から大幅に減量できる上、固体のゲル状を示すので安全に保管可能となる。 According to the present invention, the capacity of contaminated water containing tritium water can be greatly reduced. Evaporation or distillation is performed at a low temperature of 80 ° C. or lower, preferably close to the atmospheric temperature, so that the vapor pressure ratio (separation performance) is remarkably improved compared to distillation at 100 ° C., and the water-absorbing polymer precedes Since the separation performance improvement effect equivalent to or better than the silica gel beads disclosed in the literature is exhibited, the concentration of tritium water in the water vapor discharged as a gas can be greatly reduced. As a result, the concentration of tritium water in the water vapor discharged as a gas can be easily set to a regulation value or less. In addition, the water-absorbing polymer that has absorbed water enriched with tritium water can be significantly reduced from the volume expanded by water absorption and can be stored safely because it shows a solid gel.
また、本発明の第二の態様によれば、吸水性ポリマーを加えることによって、水分が濃縮され半固形状態となったとき、表面積が増大して蒸発速度を向上させることができる。また、空気中の水分との同位体交換を促進し、吸水性ポリマーに吸水されたトリチウム水中のトリチウム量の減少を促進することができる。更に、これに非電解質の糖分を加えることによって、濃縮されるにつれて結晶化が生じて吸水性ポリマーの表面積をより増大させて上記効果を更に向上させることができる。 In addition, according to the second aspect of the present invention, when the water-absorbing polymer is added to concentrate the water into a semi-solid state, the surface area increases and the evaporation rate can be improved. In addition, it is possible to promote isotope exchange with moisture in the air and promote a decrease in the amount of tritium in the tritium water absorbed by the water-absorbing polymer. Furthermore, by adding a non-electrolyte sugar to this, crystallization occurs as it is concentrated, and the surface area of the water-absorbing polymer is further increased, thereby further improving the above effect.
本発明の第三の態様によれば、糖質を結晶化させることにより、糖質中又は結晶水中に効率良くトリチウムを取り込むことができる。
本発明の第四の態様によれば、密閉空間において、トリチウム水含有汚染水と吸水性ポリマーを離間配置することで、トリチウム水を吸水性ポリマーに移動させることが可能となる。
According to the third aspect of the present invention, tritium can be efficiently incorporated into a saccharide or crystal water by crystallizing the saccharide.
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the tritium water-containing contaminated water and the water-absorbing polymer are separated from each other in the sealed space, whereby the tritium water can be moved to the water-absorbing polymer.
以下、本発明を説明する。
本発明は、トリチウム水含有汚染水を吸水性ポリマーに吸水させて含水吸水性ポリマーとすること、含水吸水性ポリマーの水分を８０℃以下の低温で吸水量の５０％以上を蒸発又は留出させて水分中のトリチウム水を吸水性ポリマー中に濃縮して濃縮含水吸水性ポリマーとすること、及びトリチウム水が濃縮された濃縮含水吸水性ポリマーを容器に保管することを要件として有する。
The present invention will be described below.
In the present invention, the water-absorbing polymer is made to absorb tritium water-containing contaminated water to form a water-containing water-absorbing polymer, and the water content of the water-containing water-absorbing polymer is evaporated or distilled at a low temperature of 80 ° C. or less. Therefore, it is necessary to concentrate tritium water in water into the water-absorbing polymer to obtain a concentrated water-absorbing polymer, and to store the concentrated water-containing water-absorbing polymer in which tritium water is concentrated in a container.
トリチウム水含有汚染水は、規制値以上のトリチウム水を含むものが適するが、あまりに高濃度であると、排出されるガス又は留出水の濃度を安全な程度に下げることが困難となるので、規制値の100倍程度以下にあることが好ましい。したがって、あまりに高濃度である場合は、淡水等で希釈することがよい。また、カルシウムイオンやマグネシウムイオン等のイオンは、吸水性ポリマーの吸水性能を妨害し、低下させるので、これらの妨害イオンを事前に除去することがよい。ここで、トリチウム水の濃度は、Ｂｑ／Ｌで管理することが望ましく、規制値は排水の場合は６万Ｂｑ／Ｌ以下であり、排ガスの場合は５Ｂｑ／Ｌ以下である。 Tritium water-containing contaminated water is suitable to contain tritium water above the regulation value, but if the concentration is too high, it will be difficult to reduce the concentration of the discharged gas or distillate to a safe level. It is preferable that it is about 100 times or less of the regulation value. Therefore, when the concentration is too high, it is preferable to dilute with fresh water or the like. Moreover, since ions such as calcium ions and magnesium ions interfere with and lower the water absorption performance of the water-absorbing polymer, it is preferable to remove these interfering ions in advance. Here, the concentration of tritium water is desirably managed at Bq / L, and the regulation value is 60,000 Bq / L or less for wastewater and 5 Bq / L or less for exhaust gas.
吸水性ポリマーとしては、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム等のポリアクリル酸塩系のポリマーが適するが、これには限定されない。しかし、吸水性ポリマーが吸水しうる最大吸水率（吸水量ｇ/吸水性ポリマーｇ）が高いものが好ましく、20〜1000程度のものが適する。 As the water-absorbing polymer, a polyacrylate polymer such as sodium polyacrylate is suitable, but is not limited thereto. However, those having a high maximum water absorption rate (water absorption amount g / water absorption polymer g) that can be absorbed by the water-absorbing polymer are preferable, and those having about 20 to 1000 are suitable.
トリチウム水含有汚染水を吸水させて含水吸水性ポリマーとする方法には制限はないが、含浸法が適する。含水量は吸水性ポリマーの吸水率によって異なるが、最大吸水率の100％以下とすることがよく、50〜99％の範囲が好ましい。別の観点からは、吸水性ポリマーの10〜1000重量倍、好ましくは20〜500重量倍の水を吸水させることが望ましい。 There is no limitation on the method of absorbing the tritium water-containing contaminated water to obtain a water-containing water-absorbing polymer, but an impregnation method is suitable. The water content varies depending on the water absorption rate of the water-absorbing polymer, but is preferably 100% or less of the maximum water absorption rate, and is preferably in the range of 50 to 99%. From another point of view, it is desirable to absorb 10 to 1000 times by weight, preferably 20 to 500 times by weight, of water-absorbing polymer.
トリチウム水含有汚染水を、非電界質の水溶性の糖質の存在下で、吸水性ポリマーに吸水させるなどして、含水吸水性ポリマー中に糖質を含有させることが、蒸発を促進するために望ましい。
糖質としては、非電界質で、水溶性であり、結晶性を示すものが好ましい。すなわち、一定の濃度となったとき、含水吸水性ポリマーに吸水された汚染水から析出して結晶として析出するものが好ましい。このような性質を有する糖分であれば、任意の糖質を使用することができるが、ぶどう糖（グルコース）、果糖、アラビノースのような単糖類、砂糖（ショ糖）、乳糖、でんぷん、キシリトールのような二糖類又は多糖類等が挙げられるが、入手の容易性の点から好ましくは単糖類や二糖類の糖類である。
糖質の使用量は、吸水性ポリマーの種類や糖質の溶解度等によっても異なるが、吸水性ポリマー１重量部に対し、密度1.18g/mlの糖質溶液として、10〜1000重量部の範囲が適する。いずれにしても、含水吸水性ポリマーを濃縮する前は少なくとも一部を溶解していて、濃縮が進行するにつれて析出する必要があるので、これから適当な使用量が計算できる。
Incorporation of saccharides into the water-containing water-absorbing polymer, for example, by allowing the water-absorbing polymer to absorb tritium water-containing contaminated water in the presence of non-electrolytic water-soluble saccharides, promotes evaporation. Is desirable.
As the saccharide, non-electrolytic, water-soluble, and crystalline are preferable. That is, it is preferable that when a certain concentration is reached, it precipitates from the contaminated water absorbed by the water-containing water-absorbing polymer and precipitates as crystals. Arbitrary carbohydrates can be used as long as they have such properties, but glucose, glucose, fructose, monosaccharides such as arabinose, sugar (sucrose), lactose, starch, xylitol, etc. Among them, monosaccharides and saccharides of disaccharides are preferable from the viewpoint of easy availability.
The amount of saccharide used varies depending on the type of water-absorbing polymer and the solubility of the saccharide, but ranges from 10 to 1000 parts by weight as a saccharide solution with a density of 1.18 g / ml per 1 part by weight of the water-absorbing polymer. Is suitable. In any case, at least a part of the water-absorbing polymer is dissolved before it is concentrated and needs to be precipitated as the concentration proceeds, so that an appropriate amount of use can be calculated.
トリチウム水含有汚染水を吸水した含水吸水性ポリマーは、次に蒸発又は蒸留処理により、吸水量の５０％以上を蒸発又は留出させる。この処理は、含水吸水性ポリマーの水分の一部を除去して乾燥する処理であるので、乾燥処理という。ここで、乾燥処理は、80℃以下、好ましくは60℃以下で行う。下限の温度は水が液体を保持する０℃以上とすることがよいが、雰囲気温度以上で行えば、冷却操作が不要となる。また、雰囲気温度付近で行えば、加熱を最小限とすることも可能である。このような観点から、好ましくは、10〜60℃、より好ましくは15〜40℃で行う。この温度を80℃以下の低温とすることにより、蒸気圧比P(H2O)/P(HTO)を高くすることが可能となる。例えば、100℃でのP(H2O)/P(HTO)は、760/739であるが、80℃では355/341となり、20℃では24/22となる。なお、吸水性ポリマーは低温となると、そして乾燥が進むと、周囲の水分を吸水する特性があるので、吸水性ポリマーの種類や雰囲気の湿度にもよるが、乾燥処理の後半では温度を30℃以上とすることがよい。 The water-containing water-absorbing polymer that has absorbed the tritium water-containing contaminated water is then evaporated or distilled by evaporating or distilling 50% or more of the water absorption amount by evaporation or distillation treatment. This treatment is a treatment for removing a part of the water content of the water-absorbing water-absorbing polymer and drying it, and is called a drying treatment. Here, the drying treatment is performed at 80 ° C. or lower, preferably 60 ° C. or lower. The lower limit temperature is preferably 0 ° C. or higher at which water retains the liquid, but if it is performed at an ambient temperature or higher, a cooling operation is not necessary. Moreover, if it is performed near the ambient temperature, it is possible to minimize heating. From such a viewpoint, it is preferably performed at 10 to 60 ° C, more preferably 15 to 40 ° C. By making this temperature as low as 80 ° C. or less, the vapor pressure ratio P (H 2 O) / P (HTO) can be increased. For example, P (H 2 O) / P (HTO) at 100 ° C. is 760/739, but is 355/341 at 80 ° C. and 24/22 at 20 ° C. The water-absorbing polymer has the property of absorbing the surrounding water as the temperature goes down and when drying proceeds, so depending on the type of water-absorbing polymer and the humidity of the atmosphere, the temperature will be 30 ° C in the latter half of the drying process. It is good to be the above.
また、前記したようにシリカゲルビーズを使用すると、比揮発度が向上するという現象があるが、吸水性ポリマーの場合はそれを上回る効果が期待できる。これは、汚染水を吸水した含水吸水性ポリマーがゲル化した固体であること、固体中の水分を低温でゆっくり蒸発又は留出させることにより、無限段数の連続蒸留に近い環境がもたらせること、そして吸水性ポリマー自体が水素を多量に含む化合物であるため、汚染水中のトリチウムと吸水性ポリマーの水素が置換する反応が生じることによるものと考えられる。低温にする効果と含水吸水性ポリマーとすることによる効果の相乗効果により、排出される気体又は排水のトリチウム水濃度を大きく低下させることができる。 Moreover, when silica gel beads are used as described above, there is a phenomenon that the relative volatility is improved, but in the case of a water-absorbing polymer, an effect exceeding that can be expected. This is because the water-absorbing water-absorbing polymer that has absorbed contaminated water is a gelled solid, and by allowing the water in the solid to slowly evaporate or distill at a low temperature, an environment close to an infinite number of continuous distillations can be created. Further, since the water-absorbing polymer itself is a compound containing a large amount of hydrogen, it is considered that a reaction occurs in which tritium in the contaminated water and hydrogen of the water-absorbing polymer are substituted. Due to the synergistic effect of the effect of lowering the temperature and the effect of using the water-absorbing polymer, the concentration of tritium water in the discharged gas or waste water can be greatly reduced.
乾燥処理は、含水吸水性ポリマー中の水分を蒸発させる場合と、留出させる場合がある。蒸発させる場合は、蒸発した水分を排ガスとして排出することがよく、留出させる場合は排水として排出することがよい。 In the drying treatment, water in the water-containing water-absorbing polymer may be evaporated or distilled. When evaporating, it is preferable to discharge the evaporated water as exhaust gas, and when distilling, it is preferable to discharge it as waste water.
蒸発により乾燥処理を行う場合は、低温で大気に晒しながらゆっくり蒸発させる方法があるが、大量に処理する場合は、空気のような流通ガスを流しながら蒸発させることがよい。このようにガスを流しながら蒸発させると、排ガス中の水分が十分に希釈され、上記規制値を満足させることが容易となる。別の観点からは、上記規制値を満足させるような温度と流通ガス量とすることがよい。流通ガスを流しながら行う場合は、含水吸水性ポリマーを穴あきの容器や袋に入れて行うことがよい。
また、乾燥が進むと含水吸水性ポリマー中の水分のトリチウム水濃度が高まるので、温度を徐々に低くするか、流通ガス量を多くして排ガス中のトリチウム水濃度を一定値以下に保つことが望ましい。そして、乾燥温度を雰囲気温度より高くする場合は、原発設備の運転又は事故処理で発生する比較的低温の廃熱を有効利用することが可能である。また、流通ガスの湿度を上げることは乾燥を促進するために有効であり、この場合も原発設備の廃熱又は排ガスが使用可能である。乾燥処理時間は、含水吸水性ポリマーの表面積にもよるが1日以上であることがよく、5〜15日程度が好ましい。
また、太陽光を利用する自然乾燥法であれば、加熱手段や冷却手段を大幅に簡素化できる利点がある。この場合は、太陽光を取り入れる窓がある屋内や屋外において、上部が開放された容器や袋に含水吸水性ポリマーを入れて、日光が当たるようにして、又は温室効果により温度を上げた屋内として、保存するだけで乾燥を行わせることができる。この乾燥法は、処理時間が長くなり、所定の湿度管理や排ガス管理が必要ではあるが、強制的に乾燥させる場合に比べて、乾燥処理コストが大幅に低減できる。必要であれば、屋内の換気に加熱された空気等を使用することもできる。
When performing a drying process by evaporation, there is a method of slowly evaporating while exposing to the atmosphere at a low temperature. However, when a large amount of process is performed, it is preferable to evaporate while flowing a circulating gas such as air. When the gas is evaporated while flowing in this way, the moisture in the exhaust gas is sufficiently diluted, and it becomes easy to satisfy the regulation value. From another point of view, it is preferable to set the temperature and the flow gas amount so as to satisfy the regulation value. In the case of carrying out the flow of flowing gas, the water-absorbing polymer is preferably put in a perforated container or bag.
In addition, as the drying progresses, the tritium water concentration in the water-containing water-absorbing polymer increases, so it is possible to keep the tritium water concentration in the exhaust gas below a certain value by gradually lowering the temperature or increasing the amount of circulating gas. desirable. And when making drying temperature higher than atmospheric temperature, it is possible to utilize effectively the comparatively low-temperature waste heat which generate | occur | produces by the driving | operation of a nuclear power plant, or accident processing. Further, increasing the humidity of the circulating gas is effective for promoting drying, and in this case as well, waste heat or exhaust gas from the nuclear power plant can be used. Although depending on the surface area of the water-containing water-absorbing polymer, the drying treatment time is preferably 1 day or longer, and preferably about 5 to 15 days.
Moreover, if it is the natural drying method using sunlight, there exists an advantage which can simplify a heating means and a cooling means significantly. In this case, indoors or outdoors with a window to take in sunlight, put water-absorbing polymer in a container or bag with an open top so that it is exposed to sunlight or as an indoor where the temperature is raised by the greenhouse effect. It can be dried just by storing. This drying method requires a long processing time and requires predetermined humidity management and exhaust gas management. However, the drying processing cost can be greatly reduced as compared with the case of forced drying. If necessary, heated air or the like can be used for indoor ventilation.
留出により乾燥処理を行う場合は、蒸留装置のような装置を使用してもよく、上記蒸発に使用するような装置を使用してもよい。いずれにしても、発生又は排出されるガスの少なくとも一部は、冷却されて留出し、排水となる。この排水が規制値を満足しない場合は、再度本発明の処理に付すことができる。
乾燥処理は、トリチウム水含有汚染水を吸水させた初期の含水吸水性ポリマーに含まれる水分の80％以上、好ましくは90％以上、より好ましくは95〜99％が除去されるまで行うことがよい。これ以上を除去しようとすると、排ガス中又は排水中のトリチウム水濃度が高いものとなる。一方、水分除去率が低いと残る含水吸水性ポリマーの体積が増えて保管量が増えることになる。吸水性ポリマーの1〜2重量倍程度の水分は残すことが望ましい。
When performing a drying process by distillation, an apparatus such as a distillation apparatus may be used, or an apparatus used for the above evaporation may be used. In any case, at least a part of the generated or exhausted gas is cooled and distilled to become waste water. If this drainage does not satisfy the regulation value, it can be subjected to the treatment of the present invention again.
The drying treatment may be performed until 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95 to 99% of the water contained in the initial water-absorbing polymer that has absorbed the tritium water-containing contaminated water is removed. . If an attempt is made to remove more than this, the concentration of tritium water in the exhaust gas or waste water will be high. On the other hand, if the moisture removal rate is low, the volume of the remaining water-absorbing polymer increases and the storage amount increases. It is desirable to leave about 1-2 times as much water as the water-absorbing polymer.
乾燥処理がなされ、トリチウム水を吸水性ポリマー中に濃縮して含む濃縮含水吸水性ポリマーは、規制値を大きく超えるので、これは容器に入れて規制値以下となるまで保管することがよい。本発明では、乾燥処理によりその体積を大幅に減少させている上、全体として固体状のゲルであるので、保管が容易である。半減期から計算される十分な保管期間を経た後は、これを燃焼させて処理すれば、最終的な廃棄物量も大幅に減少する。また、乾燥処理が流通ガスを流して行われる場合は、高温や密閉装置を必要としないので、装置が簡素化できるだけでなく、流通ガスとして空気が使用可能であるので、運転コストに優れる。更に、排ガス中のトリチウム水濃度は温度又は流通ガス量を変化させることにより容易に制御可能なので、安全に運転ができる。 A concentrated water-containing water-absorbing polymer that has been subjected to a drying treatment and contains tritium water concentrated in the water-absorbing polymer greatly exceeds the regulation value, and therefore it is better to store it in a container until it becomes the regulation value or less. In the present invention, the volume is greatly reduced by the drying treatment, and since it is a solid gel as a whole, it is easy to store. After a sufficient storage period calculated from the half-life, if it is burned and processed, the final waste volume is also greatly reduced. Further, when the drying process is performed with flowing gas, since a high temperature and a sealing device are not required, not only the device can be simplified, but also air can be used as the flowing gas, so that the operation cost is excellent. Further, since the tritium water concentration in the exhaust gas can be easily controlled by changing the temperature or the amount of the circulating gas, it is possible to operate safely.
本発明の第二の態様において、上記乾燥処理は上記と同様に行うことができるが、空気中の水蒸気との同位体交換反応を進めるためには、常温付近において行うことが有利である。乾燥処理が進行すると含水吸水性ポリマー又はこれを含む水相の流動性が徐々に減少し、含水吸水性ポリマー相からなる半固形状となるが、この場合、通常の液状の水溶液に比べて表面積を著しく増大させることができる。吸水性ポリマーの最大吸水率以下の水分量となると純粋な水相は消失し、全体として半固形状となり、更に水分量を減少させると流動性が低下し、吸水性ポリマーの１重量倍程度以下の水分量となるとほぼ固形状となるので、吸水性ポリマー最大吸水率の１０〜９０％程度の半固体状となるように乾燥処理することがよい。 In the second aspect of the present invention, the drying treatment can be carried out in the same manner as described above, but it is advantageous to carry out the drying at around room temperature in order to proceed with an isotope exchange reaction with water vapor in the air. As the drying process proceeds, the fluidity of the water-absorbing polymer or the aqueous phase containing it gradually decreases, resulting in a semi-solid form consisting of the water-absorbing polymer phase. In this case, the surface area is larger than that of a normal liquid aqueous solution. Can be significantly increased. When the water content is less than the maximum water absorption rate of the water-absorbing polymer, the pure water phase disappears and becomes semi-solid as a whole, and when the water content is further reduced, the fluidity decreases, and the water absorption polymer is about 1 weight times or less. Therefore, it is preferable to perform a drying treatment so as to be a semi-solid that is about 10 to 90% of the maximum water absorption rate of the water-absorbing polymer.
半固体状になった後においても、乾燥処理することが有利である。この場合、吸水性ポリマーが存在するため、表面積が増大し、常温付近においても蒸発が促進され、空気中の水分との同位体交換反応が増加し、最終的に得られる半固形状の濃縮含水吸水性ポリマーに含まれる汚染水中のトリチウム濃度を減少させることができる。
そして、吸水性ポリマー又はこれを含む水相中に糖質が存在する場合は、乾燥が進むとこれが結晶として析出して、表面積を更に増大させて乾燥と同位体交換反応が増加する。
Even after it becomes semi-solid, it is advantageous to carry out a drying treatment. In this case, since the water-absorbing polymer is present, the surface area is increased, evaporation is accelerated even at around room temperature, the isotope exchange reaction with moisture in the air is increased, and the finally obtained semi-solid concentrated water content The tritium concentration in the contaminated water contained in the water-absorbing polymer can be reduced.
When carbohydrates are present in the water-absorbing polymer or the aqueous phase containing the same, as the drying proceeds, this precipitates as crystals, further increasing the surface area and increasing the drying and isotope exchange reactions.
本発明の第三の態様においては、トリチウム水含有汚染水に、非電界質の水溶性の糖質を溶解させた後、糖質を結晶化させて、糖質中にトリチウムを取り込み濃縮すると同時に、トリチウム水含有汚染水中のトリチウム水濃度を低下させる。これは、糖質とトリチウム水が接触して糖質の水素との同位体交換と、結晶化した糖質の結晶水として含まれる水分としてのトリチウム水の取り込みが生じることによるものと推測される。なお、水溶性の糖質としては、グルコース以外にアラビノース、水溶性デンプン等に同様な取り込みが認められるが、セルロース等の水に不溶の糖類はトリチウムの取り込みがほとんど認められない。 In the third aspect of the present invention, after dissolving the non-electrolytic water-soluble saccharide in the contaminated water containing tritium water, the saccharide is crystallized, and tritium is taken in and concentrated in the saccharide. Reduce the concentration of tritium water in contaminated water containing tritium water. This is presumed to be due to the contact between sugar and tritium water resulting in isotope exchange with carbohydrate hydrogen and uptake of tritium water as water contained as crystal water of crystallized sugar. . As water-soluble saccharides, in addition to glucose, arabinose, water-soluble starch, and the like are found to have the same uptake, but water-insoluble sugars such as cellulose show almost no tritium uptake.
本発明の第四の態様においては、密閉空間において、トリチウム水含有汚染水と離間させて吸水性ポリマーを配置し、水蒸気を介した交換によって、トリチウム水含有汚染水中のトリチウムを吸水性ポリマーに移動させる。これは、密閉空間において蒸発した水蒸気が気相で同位体交換すること、トリチウム水が吸水性ポリマーに比較的よく吸水されることなどによるものと推測される。 In the fourth aspect of the present invention, in the sealed space, the water-absorbing polymer is arranged away from the contaminated water containing tritium water, and the tritium in the contaminated water containing tritium water is transferred to the water-absorbing polymer by exchange through water vapor. Let This is presumably because water vapor evaporated in the sealed space isotope-exchanged in the gas phase and tritium water is relatively well absorbed by the water-absorbing polymer.
以下に具体的な運転例を説明する。
例１
吸水性ポリマーとしてアクリル酸重合体部分ナトリウム塩架橋物からなる高吸水性樹脂TAISAP-SK273（台湾塑膠工業有限公司社製）を使用し、この10ｇを目開き60メッシュのステンレス網製円筒状の1000mL容器に入れ、トリチウム60000Bq/Lを含有する汚染水1000ｇを吸水させて試料S1とする。
この試料をステンレス網製容器ごとガラス製の容器内に設置し、30℃の空気を10日間流して水分重量が1/10となるまで乾燥させる。
この時の乾燥後の試料中に含まれる水分中のトリチウムは、蒸気圧比P(H2O)/P(HTO)からのシミュレーション結果から最低でも76400 Bq/L以上となるが、吸水性ポリマーによるトリチウム含有水のゲル化効果により更に大きな値が期待できる。よって、トリチウム含有汚染水を、高度に減容化できる。
他方、乾燥により排気中に含まれるトリチウム濃度はシミュレーション結果から、その最大値が0.0016Bq/cm3以下となり、トリチウムの大気中排出基準0.005Bq/cm3以下を満たしている。
A specific operation example will be described below.
Example 1
A superabsorbent resin TISAAP-SK273 (made by Taiwan Plastics Co., Ltd.) made of a crosslinked sodium salt of an acrylic acid polymer is used as the water-absorbing polymer. Place in a container and absorb 1000 g of contaminated water containing tritium 60000 Bq / L to obtain sample S1.
This sample is placed in a glass container together with the stainless steel container, and dried at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 10 days until the water weight becomes 1/10.
The tritium in the moisture contained in the sample after drying at this time is at least 76400 Bq / L or more from the simulation result from the vapor pressure ratio P (H 2 O) / P (HTO), but it depends on the water-absorbing polymer. Greater values can be expected due to the gelation effect of tritium-containing water. Therefore, the volume of the tritium-containing contaminated water can be reduced to a high degree.
On the other hand, tritium concentration in the exhaust gas by drying from the simulation results, the maximum value becomes 0.0016Bq / cm 3 or less, satisfies the following atmospheric emission standard 0.005Bq / cm 3 tritium.
例２
例1で使用したと同様の試料S1を用い、この試料をステンレス網製容器ごとガラス製の容器内に設置し、50℃の空気を5日間流して水分重量が1/10となるまで乾燥させる。
この時の乾燥後の試料中に含まれる水分中のトリチウムは、同様にシミュレーション結果から最低でも69700 Bq/L以上となるが、吸水性ポリマーの効果により、更に大きな値が期待できる。よって、トリチウム含有汚染水を、高度に減容化できる。
他方、排気中に含まれるトリチウム濃度のシミュレーション結果から、その最大値が0.0044Bq/cm3以下となり、トリチウムの大気中排出基準を満たしている。なお、この条件下で乾燥温度が52.8℃以上となると、排気中に含まれるトリチウム濃度の最大値が大気中排出基準値の0.005Bq/cm3以上に達する可能性があるため、注意が必要である。
Example 2
Using the same sample S1 as used in Example 1, place this sample together with the stainless steel container in a glass container, and let air flow at 50 ° C for 5 days and dry until the water weight becomes 1/10. .
The tritium in the water contained in the sample after drying at this time is 69700 Bq / L or more at the same time from the simulation result, but a larger value can be expected due to the effect of the water-absorbing polymer. Therefore, the volume of the tritium-containing contaminated water can be reduced to a high degree.
On the other hand, from the simulation result of the concentration of tritium contained in the exhaust gas, the maximum value is 0.0044 Bq / cm 3 or less, which satisfies the tritium emission standard in the atmosphere. Note that if the drying temperature is 52.8 ° C or higher under these conditions, the maximum tritium concentration in the exhaust gas may reach the atmospheric emission standard value of 0.005 Bq / cm 3 or higher. is there.
例３
例1と同様の試料S1をステンレス製トレイ上に設置し、室内のドラフト内に15日間放置して水分重量が1/10となるまで乾燥させる。この時の温度、湿度は雰囲気条件（室温約25℃）とする。乾燥後の試料中に含まれる水分中のトリチウム濃度のシミュレーション結果は76500 Bq/L以上であり、トリチウム含有汚染水を、高度に減容化できる。
他方、周囲の空気中に含まれるトリチウム濃度の最大値は0.0012Bq/cm3以下であり、トリチウムの大気中排出基準を満たしている。
Example 3
A sample S1 similar to that in Example 1 is placed on a stainless steel tray, and left in an indoor draft for 15 days to be dried until the moisture weight becomes 1/10. The temperature and humidity at this time shall be atmospheric conditions (room temperature of about 25 ° C). The simulation result of the tritium concentration in the moisture contained in the sample after drying is 76500 Bq / L or more, and the volume of contaminated water containing tritium can be reduced to a high level.
On the other hand, the maximum value of tritium concentration in the surrounding air is 0.0012 Bq / cm 3 or less, which satisfies the tritium emission standard in the atmosphere.
実施例４
トリチウム水原液（Perkinelmer HTO 37MBq/mL）を使用して、各種の試料を作成した。
試料として、約O.6kBq/mLのトリチウムを含む純水10mL （試料S4A）と、トリチウムを約O.6kBq/mLのトリチウムを含む純水10mL に吸水ポリマー（三洋化成工業社製：サンフレッシュST-500D）O.1gを加えたもの（試料S4B）と、約0.5kBq/gのトリチウムを含むグルコース（富士フイルム和光純薬社製：特級試薬）水溶液10mL (濃度0.18g/mL)に吸水ポリマーO.1gを加えたもの（試料S4C）を用意した。
これらの試料S4A、S4B、S4Cを、同一の試料について各8本の液体シンチレーションカウンタ測定用の20mLガラスバイヤル瓶（直径2.4cm、高さ4.5cm、開口部直径1.5cm）に入れた。試料を入れたバイヤル瓶を、ドラフト中に放置して常温で自然蒸発、乾燥させた。1〜4 日ごとに、そのうち1 本づつの重量を測定して、トリチウムを含まない超純水を加えて蒸発分を補った上で液体シンチレーター(Aquasol-2) 10mLを加えて、液体シンチレーションカウンタ(PerkinElmer，Tri-Carb)で各試料を5分間測定した。各試料の放射能をトリチウム既知の試料と比較して定量することにより、トリチウム量（Ｔ量：Ｂｑ）の経時変化を求めた。
Example 4
Various samples were prepared using tritium water stock solution (Perkinelmer HTO 37MBq / mL).
As a sample, 10 mL of pure water containing about 0.6 kBq / mL tritium (sample S4A) and 10 mL of pure water containing about 0.6 kBq / mL tritium were added to a water-absorbing polymer (Sanflesh ST. -500D) O.1g added (sample S4B) and glucose (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd .: special grade reagent) aqueous solution containing about 0.5kBq / g of tritium in 10mL (concentration 0.18g / mL) What added O.1g (sample S4C) was prepared.
These samples S4A, S4B, and S4C were put into 20 mL glass vials (diameter 2.4 cm, height 4.5 cm, opening diameter 1.5 cm) for measuring eight liquid scintillation counters for the same sample. The vial with the sample was left in a fume hood and naturally evaporated and dried at room temperature. Every 1 to 4 days, weigh each one, add tritium-free ultrapure water to compensate for evaporation, add 10 mL of liquid scintillator (Aquasol-2), and add a liquid scintillation counter. Each sample was measured for 5 minutes with (PerkinElmer, Tri-Carb). The amount of tritium (T amount: Bq) was determined over time by quantifying the radioactivity of each sample in comparison with a tritium known sample.
結果を表１、及び図１〜３に示す。各試料S4A、S4B、S4Cの乾燥速度は、ほとんど差がない（図３）が、トリチウム濃度の減少速度については吸水ポリマーとグルコースを加えた試料S4Cでは、劇的に増大した（図２）。また、吸水ポリマーとグルコースを加えた試料S4Cは、濃縮による乾燥残留物中のトリチウム濃度の上昇が認められなくなる（図１）。
表１において、試料重量（ｇ）は、トリチウム含有水、吸水ポリマー及びグルコースの合計量であり、バイヤル瓶中に残った試料（乾燥残留物）の重量である。トリチウム濃度（Ｔ濃度：Bq/g）は、次式で計算したものであり、トリチウム量の測定にあたり超純水を加えて蒸発分を補っていることから、初期試料重量基準に換算した値である。
トリチウム濃度（Bq/g）＝トリチウム量（Bq）／試料重量（ｇ）×初期試料重量(ｇ)／試料重量（ｇ）
The results are shown in Table 1 and FIGS. The drying rates of the samples S4A, S4B, and S4C were almost the same (FIG. 3), but the decrease rate of the tritium concentration was dramatically increased in the sample S4C to which the water-absorbing polymer and glucose were added (FIG. 2). Further, in the sample S4C to which the water-absorbing polymer and glucose were added, an increase in the tritium concentration in the dry residue due to the concentration was not recognized (FIG. 1).
In Table 1, the sample weight (g) is the total amount of tritium-containing water, water-absorbing polymer and glucose, and is the weight of the sample (dry residue) remaining in the vial. The tritium concentration (T concentration: Bq / g) is calculated by the following formula. Since the amount of tritium is measured to compensate for evaporation by adding ultrapure water, it is a value converted to the initial sample weight standard. is there.
Tritium concentration (Bq / g) = tritium amount (Bq) / sample weight (g) × initial sample weight (g) / sample weight (g)
実施例５
トリチウムを0.4kBq/g含むグルコース水溶液10mL（濃度0.18g/mL）(試料S5A）、トリチウムを0.3kBq/mL含むグルコース水溶液10mL（濃度0.09g/mL）に吸水ポリマー0.1gを加えたもの（試料S5B）、トリチウムを0.4kBq/mL含むグルコース水溶液10mL（濃度0.18g/mL）に吸水ポリマー0.1gを加えたもの（試料S5C）、トリチウムを0.3kBq/mL含むグルコース水溶液10mL（濃度0.27g/mL）に吸水ポリマー0.1gを加えたもの（試料S5D）、トリチウムを0.3kBq/mL含むグルコース水溶液10mL（濃度0.36g/mL）に吸水ポリマー0.1gを加えたもの（試料S5E）を用いた。
これらの試料を、実施例4と同様に各8本の20mLガラスバイヤル瓶に入れ、ドラフト中に放置して常温で自然蒸発、乾燥させた。1〜5 日ごとに、実施例4と同様にして重量測定、及び液体シンチレーションカウンタによる測定を行った。
Example 5
10 mL of glucose aqueous solution containing 0.4 kBq / g of tritium (concentration 0.18 g / mL) (sample S5A), 10 mL of glucose aqueous solution containing 0.3 kBq / mL of tritium (concentration 0.09 g / mL) plus 0.1 g of water-absorbing polymer (sample) S5B), 10 mL of aqueous glucose solution containing 0.4 kBq / mL of tritium (concentration 0.18 g / mL) plus 0.1 g of water-absorbing polymer (sample S5C), 10 mL of aqueous glucose solution containing 0.3 kBq / mL of tritium (concentration 0.27 g / mL) ) And 0.1 g of water-absorbing polymer (sample S5D), and 10 mL of glucose aqueous solution containing 0.3 kBq / mL of tritium (concentration 0.36 g / mL) and 0.1 g of water-absorbing polymer (sample S5E) were used.
These samples were put into eight 20 mL glass vials each in the same manner as in Example 4, and left in a fume hood to evaporate and dry at room temperature. Every 1 to 5 days, weight measurement and liquid scintillation counter measurement were performed in the same manner as in Example 4.
結果を表２、及び図４〜６に示す。
グルコースと吸水ポリマーを加えた試料S5B、S5C、S5D、S5Eは、多少の例外はあるが、28日後の乾燥残留物中のトリチウム濃度の減少が認められる（図４）。また、乾燥残留物中のトリチウム濃度が乾燥時の選択濃縮作用により一旦上昇し、その後低下する（図５）。また、試料S5C、S5Dは、乾燥残留物中のトリチウム濃度が大幅に減少している。また、いずれもトリチウム量は大きく減少している（図６）。
The results are shown in Table 2 and FIGS.
Samples S5B, S5C, S5D, and S5E to which glucose and a water-absorbing polymer were added showed a decrease in the tritium concentration in the dry residue after 28 days with some exceptions (FIG. 4). In addition, the tritium concentration in the dry residue once rises due to the selective concentration action during drying and then decreases (FIG. 5). Further, in the samples S5C and S5D, the tritium concentration in the dry residue is greatly reduced. In all cases, the amount of tritium is greatly reduced (FIG. 6).
実施例６
試料S6として、蓋付きガラス密閉容器中で、トリチウム濃度が0.6kBq/mL になるように調整したトリチウム水100mLを98℃に加熱し、グルコース103gを加えてグルコースの飽和溶液を作成した。これをドラフト内で、密閉した状態で約１ヶ月間、室温（10〜20℃）で放置した。
ガラス密閉容器中で十分な量のグルコースの結晶が生成したことが確認された。その中の溶液部分 0.5mL （0.955g）および結晶部分1.45g を分取した。溶液部分はそのまま液体シンチレータ10mL を加え、また、結晶部分は5mLのトリチウムを含有しない純水に溶解させた後、液体シンチレータ10mL を加え、液体シンチレーションカウンタで測定した。
トリチウムを含むグルコース飽和溶液のトリチウム濃度（Bq/g）は、溶液部分が131Bq/g、結晶部分が249 Bq/gで、トリチウム濃度の比（結晶/溶液）は、1.90となった。グルコース結晶中のトリチウム濃度が溶液中よりも1.9 倍高いのは、グルコース結晶中の水素原子と HTO中のトリチウム原子 が優先的に同位体交換を起こしたためであると考えられる。
Example 6
As sample S6, 100 mL of tritium water adjusted to a tritium concentration of 0.6 kBq / mL in a glass sealed container with a lid was heated to 98 ° C., and 103 g of glucose was added to prepare a saturated solution of glucose. This was left to stand at room temperature (10 to 20 ° C.) for about one month in a draft in a sealed state.
It was confirmed that a sufficient amount of glucose crystals were formed in the glass sealed container. A solution portion of 0.5 mL (0.955 g) and a crystal portion of 1.45 g were collected. 10 mL of liquid scintillator was added to the solution portion as it was, and the crystal portion was dissolved in 5 mL of pure water not containing tritium, and then 10 mL of liquid scintillator was added and measured with a liquid scintillation counter.
The tritium concentration (Bq / g) of the saturated glucose solution containing tritium was 131 Bq / g for the solution portion and 249 Bq / g for the crystal portion, and the ratio of tritium concentration (crystal / solution) was 1.90. The tritium concentration in the glucose crystal is 1.9 times higher than in the solution, probably because the hydrogen atom in the glucose crystal and the tritium atom in the HTO preferentially caused isotope exchange.
実施例７
トリチウムを含有しない純水 50ｇに吸水ポリマー0.5ｇを添加して固化させたものをガラス製シャーレに入れ、これを試料S7とした。
乾燥剤を除いたデシケーター容器中に、試料S7と、トリチウム濃度を1.44kBq/gに調整したトリチウム含有水50gを入れたポリ製のビーカーを静置し、デシケーター容器を密閉して放置した。
14日、21日及び42日経過後、デシケーターを開封し、試料S7の上部より一部（0.5〜1.2g 程度） を分取後、液体シンチレータ10mL を加え、液体シンチレーションカウンタで測定した。
結果を表３に示す。試料S7中のトリチウム濃度（Ｔ濃度：kBq/g）は、時間の経過とともに増加し、42日後には、元のトリチウム含有水中のトリチウム濃度の約28％にまで達した。
このことは、密閉空間内で吸水ポリマーを利用すれば、水蒸気を介した同位体交換によって、非接触でトリチウムが移動したことが推測される。
Example 7
A solution obtained by adding 0.5 g of a water-absorbing polymer to 50 g of pure water not containing tritium and solidifying it was placed in a glass petri dish, and this was designated as sample S7.
A poly beaker containing sample S7 and 50 g of tritium-containing water adjusted to a tritium concentration of 1.44 kBq / g was allowed to stand in a desiccator container excluding the desiccant, and the desiccator container was sealed and left.
After 14 days, 21 days and 42 days, the desiccator was opened, and a part (about 0.5 to 1.2 g) was taken from the top of sample S7, 10 mL of liquid scintillator was added, and measurement was performed with a liquid scintillation counter.
The results are shown in Table 3. The tritium concentration (T concentration: kBq / g) in sample S7 increased with the passage of time, and reached about 28% of the tritium concentration in the original tritium-containing water after 42 days.
This is presumed that if a water-absorbing polymer was used in the sealed space, tritium moved in a non-contact manner by isotope exchange via water vapor.
Claims (9)
Tritium water-containing pollution characterized in that the water-absorbing polymer is placed away from contaminated water containing tritium water in an enclosed space, and tritium in the contaminated water containing tritium water is transferred to the water-absorbing polymer by exchange via water vapor. Water treatment method.
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| JP2022072376A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-17 | 昌人 川畑 | Method for processing radioactive material |
| CN115180670A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-10-14 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Underground water tritium sample multi-stage evaporation concentration device and pretreatment method |
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| JPH07181294A (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-07-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Tritium inclusive gas processor |
| JP2012112769A (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2012-06-14 | Cyclochem:Kk | Material for recovering radioactive substance |
| WO2015098160A1 (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-02 | 株式会社ササクラ | Tritiated water distilling apparatus and tritiated water distilling method |
| JP2016170132A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-09-23 | 日立Ｇｅニュークリア・エナジー株式会社 | Retained water removal method |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021064806A1 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-08 | 株式会社ガブリエル | Method for decontaminating tritium-radiation-polluted water |
| US11482347B2 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2022-10-25 | Kabushikikaisha Gabriel | Method for decontaminating tritium radioactive contaminated water |
| JP2022072376A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-17 | 昌人 川畑 | Method for processing radioactive material |
| CN115180670A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-10-14 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Underground water tritium sample multi-stage evaporation concentration device and pretreatment method |
| CN115180670B (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2024-01-09 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Underground water tritium sample multistage evaporation concentration device and pretreatment method |
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| JP2024014909A (en) | 2024-02-01 |
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