JP2018538506A - 高圧圧縮及び膨張による天然ガスの予冷 - Google Patents
高圧圧縮及び膨張による天然ガスの予冷 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018538506A JP2018538506A JP2018530577A JP2018530577A JP2018538506A JP 2018538506 A JP2018538506 A JP 2018538506A JP 2018530577 A JP2018530577 A JP 2018530577A JP 2018530577 A JP2018530577 A JP 2018530577A JP 2018538506 A JP2018538506 A JP 2018538506A
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- natural gas
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- expander
- cooling
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 424
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 211
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 7
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
この出願は、引用によって本明細書にその全体が組み込まれる「高圧圧縮及び膨張による天然ガスの予冷」というタイトルの2015年12月14日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/266,985号の利益を主張するものである。
Claims (28)
- 液化天然ガス(LNG)を生産する方法であって、
天然ガスの供給から天然ガスストリームを提供する段階と、
直列に配置された少なくとも2つの圧縮器内で、前記天然ガスストリームを少なくとも2,000psiaの圧力まで圧縮して圧縮天然ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
前記圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却して冷却圧縮天然ガスストリーム形成する段階と、
3,000psia未満であり、かつ前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器が前記天然ガスストリームをそこまで圧縮する前記圧力よりも大きくない圧力まで、前記冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを少なくとも1つの仕事生成天然ガス膨張器内で膨張させ、それによって冷えた天然ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
前記冷えた天然ガスストリームを液化する段階と、を含む、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記冷えた天然ガスストリームを液化する段階は、1又は2以上の単一混合冷媒(SMR)液化トレイン内で行われる、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記冷えた天然ガスストリームを液化する段階は、1又は2以上の膨張器ベースの液化モジュール内で行われ、
前記膨張器ベースの液化モジュールは、窒素ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュール及び供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールのうちの一方である、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールは、開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールであり、
前記開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの工程の再循環冷媒ストリームが、前記圧縮する段階の前に前記天然ガスストリームと組み合わされる、
請求項3に記載の方法。 - 前記冷えた天然ガスストリームは、第1の冷えた天然ガスストリームであり、
前記方法が、
前記第1の冷えた天然ガスストリームを第2の冷えた天然ガスストリーム、第1の冷媒ストリーム、及び第2の冷媒ストリームに分離する段階と、
第1の温度を有する第1の冷却ストリームを前記供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールの一部を形成する暖端膨張器から放出する段階と、
第2の温度を有する第2の冷却ストリームを前記供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールの一部を形成する冷端膨張器から放出する段階と、を更に含み、
前記第1の温度は、前記第2の温度よりも高い、
請求項4に記載の方法。 - 前記暖端膨張器内で前記第1の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて前記第1の冷却ストリームを生成する段階と、
前記冷端膨張器内で前記第2の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて前記第2の冷却ストリームを生成する段階と、を更に含む、
請求項5に記載の方法。 - 第1の温度を有する第1の冷却ストリームを前記供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールの一部を形成する暖端膨張器から放出する段階と、
第2の温度を有する2相ストリームを前記供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールの一部を形成する冷端膨張器から放出する段階であって、前記第1の温度が、該第2の温度よりも高い前記放出する段階と、
前記暖端膨張器内で前記第1の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて前記第1の冷却ストリームを生成する段階と、
前記冷端膨張器内で前記第2の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて前記2相ストリームを生成する段階と、
前記2相ストリームを第2の冷却ストリーム及び第1の加圧LNGストリームに分離する段階と、を更に含む、
請求項4に記載の方法。 - 前記第1の冷却ストリームの圧力が、
前記第2の冷却ストリームの圧力と同じか又は類似であり、又は
前記第2の冷却ストリームの圧力よりも高い、
のうちの一方である、
請求項5ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記液化する段階は、前記第1の冷却ストリーム及び前記第2の冷却ストリームと熱を交換することにより、前記第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームを冷却して第2の加圧LNGストリームを形成する段階を含む、
請求項5ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記第2の加圧LNGストリームは、該第2の加圧LNGストリームを膨張させる前に前記第1の加圧LNGストリームと混合される、
請求項9に記載の方法。 - 前記第2の加圧LNGストリームの圧力を該第2の加圧LNGストリームが少なくとも1つの段の圧力低下を受けるように低減する段階と、
前記減圧された第2の加圧LNGストリームをエンドフラッシュガスストリーム及びLNGストリームに分離する段階と、
前記エンドフラッシュガスストリームを使用して前記第2の加圧LNGストリーム及び前記第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームを冷却する段階と、を更に含む、
請求項9に記載の方法。 - 前記エンドフラッシュガスストリームを使用して前記第2の加圧LNGストリーム及び前記第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームを冷却した後に、該エンドフラッシュガスストリームを圧縮して該圧縮エンドフラッシュガスストリームを1又は2以上の再循環冷媒ストリームと混合する段階を更に含む、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記エンドフラッシュガスストリームを使用して前記第2の加圧LNGストリーム及び前記第2の冷えた天然ガスストリームを冷却した後に、該エンドフラッシュガスストリームを圧縮して該圧縮エンドフラッシュガスストリームを燃料として使用する段階を更に含む、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも2つの圧縮器は、前記天然ガスストリームを3,000psiaよりも大きい圧力まで圧縮する、
請求項1ないし13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記天然ガス膨張器は、前記冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを2,000psia未満の圧力まで膨張させる仕事生成膨張器である、
請求項1ないし14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記天然ガス膨張器は、少なくとも1つの圧縮器に機械的に結合される、
請求項1ないし15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却する段階は、環境と熱を交換する少なくとも1つの熱交換器内で該圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却する段階を含む、
請求項1ないし16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器のうちの1つが、前記天然ガス膨張器によって駆動される、
請求項1ないし17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 浮遊式LNG構造体の上甲板上で前記圧縮する段階、冷却する段階、膨張させる段階、及び液化する段階を行う段階を更に含む、
請求項1ないし18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記圧縮する段階、冷却する段階、及び膨張させる段階は、前記浮遊式LNG構造体の前記上甲板上の単一モジュール内で行われる、
請求項20に記載の方法。 - 天然ガスの液化のための装置であって、
天然ガスストリームを2,000psiaよりも大きい圧力まで圧縮し、それによって圧縮天然ガスストリームを形成するように構成された少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器と、
前記圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却し、それによって冷却圧縮天然ガスストリーム形成するように構成された冷却要素と、
3,000psia未満及び前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器が前記天然ガスストリームをそこまで圧縮する前記圧力よりも大きくない圧力まで前記冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを膨張させ、それによって冷えた天然ガスストリームを形成するように構成された少なくとも1つの仕事生成膨張器と、
前記冷えた天然ガスストリームを液化するように構成された液化トレインと、を備えている、
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記液化トレインは、窒素ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュール及び開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールのうちの一方を備え、
前記装置が、
前記天然ガスストリームが前記2又は3以上の直列に配置された圧縮器によって圧縮される前に該天然ガスストリームと組み合わされる前記開ループ供給ガス膨張器ベースの工程の再循環冷媒ストリームを更に備え、
前記冷えた天然ガスストリームは、第2の冷えた天然ガスストリーム、第1の冷媒ストリーム、及び第2の冷媒ストリームに分離された第1の冷えた天然ガスストリームである、
請求項21に記載の装置。 - 前記供給ガス膨張器ベースの液化モジュールは、
前記第1の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて膨張器から放出される第1の温度を有する第1の冷却ストリームを形成するように構成された暖端膨張器と、
前記第2の冷媒ストリームを膨張させて膨張器から放出される第2の温度を有する第2の冷却ストリーム及び2相ストリームのうちの一方を形成するように構成された冷端膨張器と、を備え、
前記第1の温度は、前記第2の温度よりも高い、
請求項22に記載の装置。 - 前記天然ガス膨張器は、前記冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを2,000psia未満の圧力まで膨張させるように構成された仕事生成膨張器である、
請求項21ないし23のいずれか1項に記載の装置。 - 前記冷却要素は、環境と熱を交換することによって前記圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却するように構成された熱交換器を備えている、
請求項21ないし24のいずれか1項に記載の装置。 - 前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器、前記冷却要素、前記少なくとも1つの仕事生成膨張器、及び前記液化トレインは、浮遊式LNG構造体上に配置されている、
請求項21ないし25のいずれか1項に記載の装置。 - 前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器、前記冷却要素、及び前記少なくとも1つの仕事生成膨張器は、前記浮遊式LNG構造体の上甲板上の単一モジュール内に配置されている、
請求項26に記載の装置。 - 天然ガスストリームを2,000psiaよりも大きい圧力まで圧縮し、それによって圧縮天然ガスストリームを形成するように構成された少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器と、
前記圧縮天然ガスストリームを冷却し、それによって冷却圧縮天然ガスストリーム形成するように構成された冷却要素と、
3,000psia未満及び前記少なくとも2つの直列に配置された圧縮器が前記天然ガスストリームをそこまで圧縮する前記圧力よりも大きくない圧力まで前記冷却圧縮天然ガスストリームを膨張させ、それによって冷えた天然ガスストリームを形成するように構成された少なくとも1つの仕事生成膨張器と、
前記冷えた天然ガスストリームを液化するように構成された液化トレインと、を備えている、
浮遊式LNG構造体。
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