JP2018536098A - 放射状グラデーションナノ粒子化合物とその使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
本出願は、2015年11月19日に出願された米国仮特許第62/257,665号の優先権を主張する。
本発明は、国立科学財団(NSF)による第1410569号の助成金のもと、連邦政府の支援を受けてなされた。連邦政府は、本発明において一定の権利を有する。
本発明は、酸化に対する安定性が劇的に改善したナノ粒子の組成に関するものであり、より詳細には、原子拡散、酸化物成長、サイズおよび形状の変化、ならびに反応性の制御を容易ならしめるように調整可能な半径方向の組成変化または合金勾配からなる、ナノ材料の組成および微細構造に関する。
酸化理論、拡散速度、および相図に関連する発見が、超合金、形状記憶合金、およびステンレス鋼の進歩につながったのが、半世紀前であることから、金属表面の酸化を制御することは今日では非常に重要である。今日、金属と金属酸化物との界面おける研究は、技術的に重要な薄膜、および金属酸化物の成長が生じるナノスケールでのパラメータの最適化に重点を置いている。これは特に、遷移金属ナノ粒子に関して当てはまり、この場合、多くの研究が、金属酸化物のみに重点を置いている。これは第1には、遷移金属が酸化するのが容易であることが原因であり、これはナノスケール金属ではさらに当てはまる。したがって、克服しなければならない1つの技術的ハードルは、ナノ粒子の新しい組成物であって、それらの合成に何等かの固有の耐酸化能力が組み込まれたものを開発することである。もしそうしたナノ粒子が今日において利用可能であったなら、薄膜技術、磁性流体、磁気イメージング、および腐食に強い浄化が大きく前進する可能性があったであろう。本明細書に記載の技術は、合金特性および引き続く酸化傾向の変動を利用した半径方向の組成勾配(ナノ粒子の中心から外側に向かって距離の関数としての組成変化)変動を有するナノ粒子の発見に関する。すなわち、金属間の自己拡散速度およびそれら金属における酸化速度の複雑な違いを、新規組成および勾配を生み出すための合成ツールとして使用する。金属表面の酸化は、カブレラ−モット(Cabrera−Mott(CM))理論モデルを時に使用して、充分に理解されている。金属鉄(α−Fe)、金属クロム(α−Cr)、および金属ニッケル(Ni)における自己拡散を例にとり、図1aを参照されたい。この場合、X、X、およびXである。興味深いことに、表面が部分的に酸化されているだけである場合には、そのような拡散はFe2O3中のFeの場合には増加することもあり、またはNiO中のNiの場合には減少することもあるものであり、これは図1bを参照されたい。さらには、酸化速度は粒子サイズに依存し、その結果、ナノ粒子界面において予想される酸化物の厚さが異なるだけでなく、酸化物を通して異なる金属の拡散が誘起され、これは、酸化物の拡散より相当異なる速度であることが多い。この多様な拡散傾向により、ナノ界面で主な役割を果たすカーケンダル(Kirkendall)効果が生じ、この場合、金属−金属、または合金−合金の界面での不等拡散速度により、欠陥濃度の増加(すなわち、空のボイド形成、すなわち中空ナノ粒子)が生じる。さらに、配位子の導入、温度、圧力、および外部刺激の変化のような、合成のさらなる制御との組み合わせにより、さらにナノ粒子の組成勾配を変化させ制御することができる。
Claims (15)
- 少なくとも第1の金属から形成された金属中心と;
少なくとも第2の金属から形成された界面と;
前記金属中心および前記界面との間で前記第2の金属の第1の濃度から前記第2の金属のさらに高い第2の濃度に遷移する勾配とを含むナノ粒子。 - 前記第1の金属が鉄を含む請求項1に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記第2の金属がニッケル、クロム、鉄、コバルト、モリブデン、タングステン、バナジウム、アルミニウム、およびチタン、ならびにそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される請求項2に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記勾配の内部にボイドをさらに含む請求項3に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記ナノ粒子が磁性体である請求項4に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記ナノ粒子が導電性である請求項4に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記ナノ粒子が少なくとも部分的に酸化されている請求項4に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記ナノ粒子が一つまたは複数の無機または有機化合物を用いて改質された請求項7に記載のナノ粒子。
- 複数のナノ粒子を含むデバイスであって、各ナノ粒子が、少なくとも第1の金属から形成された金属中心と、少なくとも第2の金属から形成された界面と、前記金属中心と前記界面との間で前記第2の金属の第1の濃度から前記第2の金属のさらに高い第2の濃度に遷移する勾配とを含む前記デバイス。
- 前記複数ナノ粒子が、被覆として基材に付けられている請求項9に記載のデバイス。
- 前記被覆が前記基材を腐食から保護する請求項10に記載のデバイス。
- 前記被覆が、磁性体、導電体、触媒、またはそれらの組み合わせである請求項10に記載のデバイス。
- 前記複数のナノ粒子が、ポリマーまたは複合材料中に埋め込まれた請求項9に記載のデバイス。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、磁気ビーズ支持体として機能する請求項9に記載のデバイス。
- 第1の金属から複数の金属中心を形成するステップと;
少なくとも第2の金属を前記金属中心に複数の層として加えて、界面を有するナノ粒子を画定するステップと;
前記ナノ粒子をアニールするステップと;
前記金属中心と前記界面との間で前記第2の金属の第1の濃度から前記第2の金属のさらに高い第2の濃度に遷移する勾配を形成することにより、前記ナノ粒子を調整するステップとを含む調整可能なナノ粒子を形成する方法。
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US201562257665P | 2015-11-19 | 2015-11-19 | |
US62/257,665 | 2015-11-19 | ||
PCT/US2016/062666 WO2017087744A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2016-11-18 | Compositions of nanoparticles with radial gradients and methods of use thereof |
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EP (1) | EP3377662A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7102345B2 (ja) |
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CN108878869B (zh) * | 2018-07-31 | 2021-07-13 | 桑顿新能源科技(长沙)有限公司 | 锂离子电池用梯度结构的ncm三元正极材料及制法与应用 |
CN109295378B (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-11-06 | 东北大学 | 一种催化硼氢化钠水解制氢的多组元合金及其制备方法 |
CN109943388A (zh) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-28 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种主动靶向摩擦界面的纳米抗磨添加剂的制备方法 |
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JP2003055703A (ja) * | 2001-08-16 | 2003-02-26 | Korea Advanced Inst Of Sci Technol | 金属間の置換反応を用いたコア−シェル構造および混合された合金構造の金属ナノ粒子の製造方法とその応用 |
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JP2011246820A (ja) * | 2004-02-27 | 2011-12-08 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 鉄系ナノサイズ粒子およびその製造方法 |
US20140272447A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | Syracuse University | Method to control void formation in nanomaterials using core/alloy nanoparticles with stainless interfaces |
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EP1662256A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 | 2006-05-31 | Spinomix S.A. | Tailored magnetic particles and method to produce same |
CN101885905B (zh) * | 2009-05-12 | 2013-08-21 | 无锡纳奥新材料科技有限公司 | 聚合物/无机纳米粒子复合纳米颗粒及其制备和用途 |
EP2507806A2 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2012-10-10 | OC Oerlikon Balzers AG | Core-shell nanoparticles in electronic battery applications |
CN102304679B (zh) * | 2011-09-28 | 2013-01-30 | 宋玉军 | 一种非晶纳米晶梯度功能材料及其制备方法 |
US9138727B2 (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2015-09-22 | The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Commerce, The National Institute of Standards and Technology | Iron—nickel core-shell nanoparticles |
WO2014153563A1 (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | University Of Pittsburgh - Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Method for producing small metal alloy nanoparticles |
CN106129383B (zh) * | 2016-09-05 | 2018-09-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种具有纳米级两相梯度分布结构的球形锂离子电池正极材料及其合成方法 |
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JP2003055703A (ja) * | 2001-08-16 | 2003-02-26 | Korea Advanced Inst Of Sci Technol | 金属間の置換反応を用いたコア−シェル構造および混合された合金構造の金属ナノ粒子の製造方法とその応用 |
JP2011246820A (ja) * | 2004-02-27 | 2011-12-08 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 鉄系ナノサイズ粒子およびその製造方法 |
US20080057001A1 (en) * | 2006-05-25 | 2008-03-06 | Xiao-Dong Sun | Contrast agents for imaging |
US20140272447A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | Syracuse University | Method to control void formation in nanomaterials using core/alloy nanoparticles with stainless interfaces |
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