JP2017195718A - Reverse connection protection circuit - Google Patents
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- JP2017195718A JP2017195718A JP2016085346A JP2016085346A JP2017195718A JP 2017195718 A JP2017195718 A JP 2017195718A JP 2016085346 A JP2016085346 A JP 2016085346A JP 2016085346 A JP2016085346 A JP 2016085346A JP 2017195718 A JP2017195718 A JP 2017195718A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、直流電源の逆接保護回路に関する。 The present invention relates to a reverse connection protection circuit for a DC power supply.
従来から、直流電源（バッテリ）の電極を逆に接続されても、電気回路を保護するための保護回路が知られている。例えば、特許文献１は、バッテリに充電用電圧を供給する出力装置に対して該バッテリの電極を逆接続した際に、該出力装置および該バッテリの損傷を防止することを目的として逆接続保護回路を開示する。この逆接保護回路は、出力装置にバッテリを逆接続した場合に、該バッテリから特定のリレーコイルに流入する励磁電流を阻止するダイオードと、リレーコイルの励磁によって、出力装置の出力端と前記バッテリとを接続するリレースイッチとを具備する。この逆接続保護回路では、バッテリ接続部にバッテリが正常に接続されているときにのみリレーコイルが励磁され、これによりスイッチが閉成されるが、バッテリの逆接続時には、ダイオードの逆方向作用により励磁電流が阻止されるので、リレースイッチは開放され、短絡電流が流れなくなる。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a protection circuit for protecting an electric circuit even when electrodes of a DC power supply (battery) are connected in reverse is known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a reverse connection protection circuit for preventing damage to the output device and the battery when the battery electrode is reversely connected to an output device that supplies a charging voltage to the battery. Is disclosed. The reverse connection protection circuit includes a diode that blocks excitation current flowing from the battery into a specific relay coil when the battery is reversely connected to the output device, and the output terminal of the output device and the battery by excitation of the relay coil. And a relay switch for connecting. In this reverse connection protection circuit, the relay coil is energized only when the battery is normally connected to the battery connection, thereby closing the switch. Since the exciting current is blocked, the relay switch is opened and no short-circuit current flows.
また、特許文献２は、簡易な構成で低コストのバッテリ逆接続保護装置を開示する。このバッテリ逆接続保護装置は、励磁コイル及びリレー接点からなる電磁リレーとダイオードとを備え、励磁コイルの一端は第１端子に接続され、他端はダイオードのカソードに接続され、ダイオードのアノードは第２端子に接続されている。また、このバッテリ逆接続保護装置では、リレー接点は常閉接点で、その一方の接点が第１端子に接続され、他方の接点が負荷側の電源ラインに接続されている。バッテリが逆に接続された場合には、ダイオードに順バイアスが印加されるので、励磁コイルに励磁電流が流れて、リレー接点が開放される。 Patent Document 2 discloses a battery reverse connection protection device with a simple configuration and low cost. This battery reverse connection protection device includes an electromagnetic relay composed of an exciting coil and a relay contact, and a diode. One end of the exciting coil is connected to the first terminal, the other end is connected to the cathode of the diode, and the anode of the diode is the first. Connected to two terminals. Further, in this battery reverse connection protection device, the relay contact is a normally closed contact, one of the contacts is connected to the first terminal, and the other contact is connected to the power line on the load side. When the battery is connected in reverse, a forward bias is applied to the diode, so that an exciting current flows through the exciting coil and the relay contact is opened.
また、特許文献３は、逆接防止回路を用いたシステム全体のコストを低減しつつ、確実に逆接続防止を図ることができる逆接続防止回路を開示する。この逆接続防止回路は、逆接続の際に、負極入力端子からオン用寄生ダイオード、オン用逆起ノイズ除去用フライホイールダイオード、接点オフ用コイル、およびオフ用逆起ノイズ除去用フライホイールダイオードを経由して正極入力端子に電流が流れるように、ラッチリレー、第２逆接続防止用ダイオード、オン用ＭＯＳＦＥＴ、およびオフ用ＭＯＳＦＥＴを接続する。これにより、この逆接続防止回路では、バッテリが逆接続防止回路に正常に接続された際に接点オフ用コイルに流れる電流と同じ向きの電流が接点オフ用コイルに流れるので、確実にラッチ部の通電を遮断することができる。 Patent Document 3 discloses a reverse connection prevention circuit that can reliably prevent reverse connection while reducing the cost of the entire system using the reverse connection prevention circuit. This reverse connection prevention circuit includes a parasitic diode for turning on, a flywheel diode for removing counter electromotive noise for turning on, a coil for turning off contact, and a flywheel diode for removing counter electromotive noise for turning off from the negative input terminal during reverse connection. The latch relay, the second reverse connection prevention diode, the on MOSFET, and the off MOSFET are connected so that a current flows through the positive electrode input terminal. As a result, in this reverse connection prevention circuit, when the battery is normally connected to the reverse connection prevention circuit, a current having the same direction as the current flowing through the contact off coil flows through the contact off coil. The energization can be cut off.
本発明は、直流電源（バッテリ）が正接続されている場合には損失が小さく、かつ、直流電源が逆接続された場合には確実に電気回路を保護する直流電源の逆接保護回路を提供するものである。 The present invention provides a reverse connection protection circuit for a DC power supply that has a small loss when a DC power supply (battery) is positively connected and that reliably protects an electric circuit when the DC power supply is reversely connected. Is.
上記課題を解決するために、直流電源と電気回路の間に設けられる直流電源の逆接保護回路であって、直流電源の正極と電気回路の間の電路に設けられたコンタクタと、コンタクタを開閉制御するコンタクタ制御装置と、コンタクタを介して直流電源の正極と接続されるべき正極端子と、直流電源の負極と接続されるべき負極端子と、直流電源の正極と接続される第１コネクタ端子と、コンタクタ制御装置にコンタクタ駆動器を介して接続される第２コネクタ端子と、直流電源の正極側に接続される第１電極と、直流電源の負極側に接続される第２電極と、第１電極および第２電極の間に電流を流すオン動作を行うか否かを切り替える制御電極と、をそれぞれ有する第１スイッチング素子および第２スイッチング素子と、を備え、第１スイッチング素子の第１電極は、第１コネクタ端子に接続され、第１スイッチング素子の第２電極は、負極端子に第１抵抗を介して接続され、第１スイッチング素子の制御電極は、第１コネクタ端子に第２抵抗を介して接続されると共に、正極端子と電気回路の間の電路に接続され、第２スイッチング素子の第１電極は、第１コネクタ端子に接続され、第２スイッチング素子の第２電極は、第２コネクタ端子に接続され、第２スイッチング素子の制御電極は、第１スイッチング素子の第２電極と第１抵抗の間に接続される、逆接保護回路が提供される。 In order to solve the above problems, a reverse connection protection circuit for a DC power supply provided between a DC power supply and an electric circuit, wherein the contactor is provided in a circuit between the positive electrode of the DC power supply and the electric circuit, and the contactor is controlled to open and close A contactor control device, a positive electrode terminal to be connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply via the contactor, a negative electrode terminal to be connected to the negative electrode of the DC power supply, a first connector terminal connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply, A second connector terminal connected to the contactor control device via a contactor driver, a first electrode connected to the positive side of the DC power source, a second electrode connected to the negative side of the DC power source, and the first electrode A first switching element and a second switching element each having a control electrode for switching whether or not to perform an ON operation of passing a current between the second electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode of the first switching element is connected to the first connector terminal, the second electrode of the first switching element is connected to the negative terminal via the first resistor, and the control electrode of the first switching element is the first connector. The terminal is connected to the terminal via a second resistor, and is connected to a circuit between the positive terminal and the electric circuit. The first electrode of the second switching element is connected to the first connector terminal, and the second electrode of the second switching element is connected. A reverse connection protection circuit is provided in which the two electrodes are connected to the second connector terminal, and the control electrode of the second switching element is connected between the second electrode of the first switching element and the first resistor.
本発明によれば、直流電源が正接続されている場合には損失が小さく、かつ、直流電源が逆接続された場合には確実に電気回路を保護する直流電源の逆接保護回路を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, there is provided a reverse connection protection circuit for a DC power source that has a small loss when the DC power source is positively connected and that reliably protects an electric circuit when the DC power source is reversely connected. Can do.
以下では、図面を参照しながら、本発明に係る各実施例について説明する。
＜第一実施例＞
図１を参照し、本実施例における逆接保護回路１００を説明する。逆接保護回路１００は、直流電源Ｂと負荷Ｌの間に設けられ、直流電源Ｂの正極と負極が逆接続された状態から負荷Ｌに電力を供給する昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶ内の電気回路を保護する回路である。なお、本明細書では、直流電源Ｂは、４８Ｖの高圧バッテリであり、負荷Ｌは、昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶに接続された１２Ｖバッテリとして記載するが、これに限定されるものではない。なお、昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶは、内部に、電流モニタＣＭ、双方向変換部ＴＲ、貫通および逆接を保護する貫通逆接保護部ＰＰを有し、逆接保護回路１００は、双方向変換部ＴＲなどを保護する。本図は、直流電源Ｂの極性を誤らずに正しく接続されている状態（正接続）を示している。
Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
<First Example>
With reference to FIG. 1, the reverse connection protection circuit 100 in the present embodiment will be described. The reverse connection protection circuit 100 is provided between the DC power supply B and the load L, and protects an electric circuit in the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV that supplies power to the load L from a state where the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the DC power supply B are reversely connected. Circuit. In this specification, the DC power source B is a 48V high voltage battery and the load L is described as a 12V battery connected to the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV, but is not limited to this. The step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV includes a current monitor CM, a bidirectional conversion unit TR, and a through / reverse connection protection unit PP that protects through and reverse connection. The reverse connection protection circuit 100 includes a bidirectional conversion unit TR and the like. Protect. This figure shows a state in which the DC power supply B is correctly connected without error (positive connection).
逆接保護回路１００は、直流電源Ｂの正極と昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶの正極側を接続するハイサイド電路ＬＨと、直流電源Ｂの負極と昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶの負極側を接続するローサイド電路ＬＬを有する。なお、ハイサイド電路ＬＨと接続される昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶの正極側には電流モニタＣＭが設けられている。 The reverse connection protection circuit 100 includes a high-side circuit LH that connects the positive electrode of the DC power supply B and the positive electrode side of the step-up / down DCDC converter CV, and a low-side circuit LL that connects the negative electrode of the DC power supply B and the negative electrode side of the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV. Have. A current monitor CM is provided on the positive side of the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV connected to the high-side circuit LH.
逆接保護回路１００は、直流電源Ｂの正極と昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶ内の電気回路の間のハイサイド電路ＬＨ上に設けられたコンタクタＣＯと、コンタクタＣＯと昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶ内の電気回路の間のハイサイド電路ＬＨ上に正極端子ＰＴと、直流電源Ｂの負極と昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶ内の電気回路の間のローサイド電路ＬＬ上に負極端子ＮＴとを備える。すなわち、正極端子ＰＴは、コンタクタＣＯを介して直流電源Ｂの正極と接続され、負極端子ＮＴは、直流電源Ｂの負極と接続される。これは、直流電源Ｂが逆接保護回路１００に正接続された場合の接続であり、逆接続された場合は、正極端子ＰＴは、直流電源Ｂの負極と接続され、負極端子ＮＴは、コンタクタＣＯを介して直流電源Ｂの正極と接続される。したがって、正極端子ＰＴは、コンタクタＣＯを介して直流電源Ｂの正極と接続されるべきものであり、負極端子ＮＴは、直流電源Ｂの負極と接続されるべきものである。 The reverse connection protection circuit 100 includes a contactor CO provided on a high-side circuit LH between the positive electrode of the DC power supply B and an electric circuit in the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV, and an electric circuit in the contactor CO and the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV. A positive terminal PT is provided on the high side electric circuit LH, and a negative terminal NT is provided on the low side electric circuit LL between the negative electrode of the DC power source B and the electric circuit in the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV. That is, the positive electrode terminal PT is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply B via the contactor CO, and the negative electrode terminal NT is connected to the negative electrode of the DC power supply B. This is a connection when the DC power source B is positively connected to the reverse connection protection circuit 100. In the reverse connection, the positive terminal PT is connected to the negative electrode of the DC power source B, and the negative terminal NT is connected to the contactor CO. Is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply B via Therefore, the positive terminal PT is to be connected to the positive electrode of the DC power source B via the contactor CO, and the negative terminal NT is to be connected to the negative electrode of the DC power source B.
逆接保護回路１００は、コンタクタＣＯを開閉制御するコンタクタ制御装置ＣＣと、コンタクタＣＯを駆動するコンタクタ駆動器ＣＤとを備える。コンタクタ制御装置ＣＣは、直流電源Ｂが正接続されている場合にはコンタクタＣＯの開閉を制御し、直流電源Ｂが逆接続された場合には、後述するように、コンタクタＣＯは開となり電路を遮断するので、直流電源Ｂから昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶ内の電気回路に電流が流れることがない。したがって、逆接保護回路１００におけるコンタクタ制御装置ＣＣは、直流電源Ｂが正接続された場合および逆接続された場合の両方においてコンタクタとして機能するので、正接続時の接続制御用コンタクタと逆接続時の遮断用コンタクタの２つを備える必要がない。なお、コンタクタＣＯは常開型のコンタクタであり、コンタクタ駆動器ＣＤは、電流が流れた時にコンタクタＣＯを閉とするように駆動する所謂電磁石である。 The reverse connection protection circuit 100 includes a contactor control device CC that controls opening and closing of the contactor CO, and a contactor driver CD that drives the contactor CO. The contactor control device CC controls the opening and closing of the contactor CO when the DC power source B is positively connected, and when the DC power source B is reversely connected, the contactor CO is opened and the electric circuit is opened as will be described later. Since the circuit is cut off, no current flows from the DC power source B to the electric circuit in the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV. Therefore, the contactor control device CC in the reverse connection protection circuit 100 functions as a contactor both when the DC power source B is connected in the positive direction and when it is connected in the reverse direction. There is no need to provide two of the contactors for blocking. The contactor CO is a normally open contactor, and the contactor driver CD is a so-called electromagnet that drives the contactor CO to close when a current flows.
逆接保護回路１００は、直流電源Ｂの正極と直接接続される第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１と、コンタクタ制御装置ＣＣにコンタクタ駆動器ＣＤを介して接続される第２コネクタ端子Ｔ２とを備える。第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１が直流電源Ｂの正極と直接接続されるとは、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１は、コンタクタなどのスイッチ類を介さずに直流電源Ｂの正極と電気的に接続され、また直流電源Ｂが逆接続された場合であっても直流電源Ｂの正極と接続されることを意味する。第２コネクタ端子Ｔ２は、後述するスイッチング素子のドレインとコンタクタ駆動器ＣＤの間に設けられ、直流電源Ｂが逆接続された場合であってもそのドレインとコンタクタ駆動器ＣＤを接続することに変わりはない。このように、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１と第２コネクタ端子Ｔ２は、直流電源Ｂが正接続された場合と逆接続された場合とで接続が変わらないように、両者を取り違えて逆に接続できない物理的な構造を有する。 The reverse connection protection circuit 100 includes a first connector terminal T1 that is directly connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply B, and a second connector terminal T2 that is connected to the contactor controller CC via a contactor driver CD. The first connector terminal T1 is directly connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply B. The first connector terminal T1 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply B without passing through switches such as a contactor. Even if B is reversely connected, it means that it is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply B. The second connector terminal T2 is provided between the drain of the switching element, which will be described later, and the contactor driver CD, and is connected to connect the drain and the contactor driver CD even when the DC power source B is reversely connected. There is no. As described above, the first connector terminal T1 and the second connector terminal T2 cannot be connected in the reverse direction by making a mistake so that the connection does not change between when the DC power source B is connected positively and when it is reversely connected. It has a typical structure.
逆接保護回路１００は、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１と第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２を備える。第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１と第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２は、それぞれ、第１電極Ｓと、第２電極Ｄと、制御電極Ｇとを有する。第１電極Ｓは、直流電源Ｂの正極側に接続され、第２電極Ｄは、直流電源Ｂの負極側に接続され、制御電極Ｇは、第１電極Ｓおよび第２電極Ｄの間に電流を流すオン動作を行うか否かを切り替えるものである。 The reverse connection protection circuit 100 includes a first switching element SW1 and a second switching element SW2. The first switching element SW1 and the second switching element SW2 each have a first electrode S, a second electrode D, and a control electrode G. The first electrode S is connected to the positive electrode side of the DC power source B, the second electrode D is connected to the negative electrode side of the DC power source B, and the control electrode G is a current between the first electrode S and the second electrode D. This is to switch whether or not to perform an on operation.
なお、本実施例では、第１スイッチング素子および第２スイッチング素子は、ＰＮＰ構造を有するＰチャネルＦＥＴ（ＰＮＰ型の電界効果トランジスタ）であり、第１電極Ｓはソースであり、第２電極Ｄはドレインであり、制御電極Ｇはゲートである。なお、第１スイッチング素子および第２スイッチング素子は、これに限定されず、ＰＮＰ構造を有するトランジスタであってもよい。この場合、第１電極はエミッタであり、第２電極はコレクタであり、制御電極はベースである。 In this embodiment, the first switching element and the second switching element are P-channel FETs (PNP field effect transistors) having a PNP structure, the first electrode S is a source, and the second electrode D is It is a drain, and the control electrode G is a gate. The first switching element and the second switching element are not limited to this, and may be a transistor having a PNP structure. In this case, the first electrode is an emitter, the second electrode is a collector, and the control electrode is a base.
第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の第１電極Ｓは、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１に接続される。すなわち、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の第１電極Ｓは、直流電源Ｂの正極とコンタクタＣＯの間に接続され、直流電源Ｂの正極に直接接続される。したがって、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の第１電極Ｓは、直流電源Ｂが逆接続された場合であっても、直流電源Ｂの正極に接続される。 The first electrode S of the first switching element SW1 is connected to the first connector terminal T1. That is, the first electrode S of the first switching element SW1 is connected between the positive electrode of the DC power supply B and the contactor CO, and is directly connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply B. Therefore, the first electrode S of the first switching element SW1 is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply B even when the DC power supply B is reversely connected.
第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の第２電極Ｄは、負極端子ＮＴに第１抵抗Ｒ１を介して接続される。すなわち、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の第２電極Ｄは、直流電源Ｂが正接続された場合、直流電源Ｂの負極側に接続される。第１抵抗Ｒ１は、後述するように直流電源Ｂが逆接続された場合に電流が流れる電路上にあるので、過大な電流が流れないように適宜定められる。 The second electrode D of the first switching element SW1 is connected to the negative terminal NT via the first resistor R1. That is, the second electrode D of the first switching element SW1 is connected to the negative electrode side of the DC power supply B when the DC power supply B is positively connected. The first resistor R1 is appropriately determined so that an excessive current does not flow because the first resistor R1 is on an electric path through which a current flows when the DC power supply B is reversely connected as will be described later.
第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の制御電極Ｇは、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１に第２抵抗Ｒ２を介して接続されると共に、正極端子ＰＴと昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶ内の電気回路の間のハイサイド電路ＬＨに接続される。すなわち、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の制御電極Ｇは、直流電源Ｂの正極とコンタクタＣＯの間に第２抵抗Ｒ２を介して接続されると共に、コンタクタＣＯと昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶ内の電気回路の間のハイサイド電路ＬＨに接続される。したがって、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の制御電極Ｇは、直流電源Ｂが正接続された場合はＨｉｇｈとなり、逆接続された場合はＬｏｗとなる。第２抵抗Ｒ２は、直流電源Ｂが正接続された場合、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１を有する電路はコンタクタＣＯをバイパスする電路となるので、過大な電流が流れないように適宜定められる。 The control electrode G of the first switching element SW1 is connected to the first connector terminal T1 via the second resistor R2, and is connected to the high side electric circuit LH between the positive terminal PT and the electric circuit in the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV. Connected. That is, the control electrode G of the first switching element SW1 is connected between the positive electrode of the DC power source B and the contactor CO via the second resistor R2, and between the contactor CO and the electric circuit in the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV. Are connected to the high side electric circuit LH. Therefore, the control electrode G of the first switching element SW1 is High when the DC power supply B is positively connected, and is Low when the DC power supply B is reversely connected. When the DC power source B is positively connected, the second resistor R2 is appropriately determined so that an excessive current does not flow because the electric circuit having the first connector terminal T1 serves as an electric circuit that bypasses the contactor CO.
第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の第１電極Ｓは、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１に接続される。すなわち、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の第１電極Ｓは、直流電源Ｂの正極とコンタクタＣＯの間に接続され、直流電源Ｂの正極に直接接続される。第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の第１電極Ｓは、直流電源Ｂが逆接続された場合であっても、直流電源Ｂの正極に接続される。 The first electrode S of the second switching element SW2 is connected to the first connector terminal T1. That is, the first electrode S of the second switching element SW2 is connected between the positive electrode of the DC power supply B and the contactor CO, and is directly connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply B. The first electrode S of the second switching element SW2 is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply B even when the DC power supply B is reversely connected.
第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の第２電極Ｄは、第２コネクタ端子Ｔ２に接続される。すなわち、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の第２電極Ｄは、コンタクタ制御装置ＣＣにコンタクタ駆動器ＣＤを介して接続される。したがって、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の第１電極Ｓから第２電極Ｄへ流れる電流は、第２コネクタ端子Ｔ２を通り、コンタクタ駆動器ＣＤに供給される。 The second electrode D of the second switching element SW2 is connected to the second connector terminal T2. That is, the second electrode D of the second switching element SW2 is connected to the contactor control device CC via the contactor driver CD. Therefore, the current flowing from the first electrode S to the second electrode D of the second switching element SW2 passes through the second connector terminal T2 and is supplied to the contactor driver CD.
第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の制御電極Ｇは、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の第２電極Ｄと第１抵抗Ｒ１の間に接続される。したがって、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の制御電極Ｇは、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１がオフの場合にＬｏｗとなり、オンの場合にＨｉｇｈとなる。すなわち、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２は、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１によりオン／オフ制御される。 The control electrode G of the second switching element SW2 is connected between the second electrode D of the first switching element SW1 and the first resistor R1. Therefore, the control electrode G of the second switching element SW2 is Low when the first switching element SW1 is off, and is High when the first switching element SW1 is on. That is, the second switching element SW2 is on / off controlled by the first switching element SW1.
図２および図３を参照して、直流電源Ｂが正接続された場合について説明する。図２は、正接続された場合の第１段階を示し、図３は、正接続された場合の第２段階を示す。まず、第１段階を説明する。直流電源Ｂが正接続された場合、コンタクタＣＯは常開型のコンタクタなので、この段階では正極端子ＰＴやハイサイド電路ＬＨには電流は流れない。一方、直流電源ＢにコンタクタＣＯを介さずに接続されている第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１、および第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１に接続されている第１スイッチング素子の第１電極Ｓと第２スイッチング素子の第１電極Ｓには、正の電位が付加される。さらに、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の制御電極Ｇにも、第２抵抗Ｒ２により電位は下がるものの正の電位（Ｈｉｇｈ）が付加される。そうすると、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１は、ＰチャネルのＦＥＴなのでオフとなり、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の第１電極Ｓと第２電極Ｄの間には電流が流れない。 With reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the case where the DC power supply B is positively connected will be described. FIG. 2 shows a first stage in the case of positive connection, and FIG. 3 shows a second stage in the case of positive connection. First, the first stage will be described. When the DC power source B is positively connected, the contactor CO is a normally open contactor, and therefore no current flows through the positive terminal PT and the high-side circuit LH at this stage. On the other hand, the first connector terminal T1 connected to the DC power source B without the contactor CO, the first electrode S of the first switching element connected to the first connector terminal T1, and the first of the second switching element. A positive potential is applied to the electrode S. Further, a positive potential (High) is added to the control electrode G of the first switching element SW1 although the potential is lowered by the second resistor R2. Then, since the first switching element SW1 is a P-channel FET, it is turned off, and no current flows between the first electrode S and the second electrode D of the first switching element SW1.
第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１がオフの場合、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の制御電極ＧはＬｏｗとなり、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２もＰチャネルのＦＥＴなので、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２はオンとなる。そうすると、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の第１電極Ｓと第２電極Ｄの間には電流が流れることになる（点線矢印）。第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の第２電極Ｄは、第２コネクタ端子Ｔ２を介してコンタクタ駆動器ＣＤにも正の電位を付加することになる。 When the first switching element SW1 is off, the control electrode G of the second switching element SW2 is Low, and the second switching element SW2 is also a P-channel FET, so that the second switching element SW2 is on. Then, a current flows between the first electrode S and the second electrode D of the second switching element SW2 (dotted line arrow). The second electrode D of the second switching element SW2 also applies a positive potential to the contactor driver CD via the second connector terminal T2.
第２段階では、コンタクタ制御装置ＣＣがオンすることにより、順に、直流電源Ｂから、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１、第２コネクタ端子Ｔ２、コンタクタ駆動器ＣＤ、コンタクタ制御装置ＣＣ、グランドに電流が流れる。コンタクタ駆動器ＣＤに電流が流れることにより、コンタクタ駆動器ＣＤは、コンタクタＣＯをオンする。コンタクタＣＯがオンされると、直流電源Ｂから正極端子ＰＴからハイサイド電路ＬＨを介して、昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶおよび負荷Ｌに電力が供給される。 In the second stage, when the contactor control device CC is turned on, the first connector terminal T1, the first switching element SW1, the second connector terminal T2, the contactor driver CD, the contactor control device CC, Current flows to ground. When a current flows through the contactor driver CD, the contactor driver CD turns on the contactor CO. When the contactor CO is turned on, power is supplied from the DC power source B to the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV and the load L from the positive terminal PT via the high-side circuit LH.
一方、コンタクタ制御装置ＣＣがオフになることにより、コンタクタ駆動器ＣＤに電流が流れなくなり、コンタクタ駆動器ＣＤは、コンタクタＣＯをオフする。このように、コンタクタ制御装置ＣＣは、直流電源Ｂが正接続された場合、オン／オフすることで、直流電源Ｂから昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶ内の電気回路への電力の供給を制御することができる。さらに、コンタクタ制御装置ＣＣは、正接続または逆接続された場合の両方でコンタクタとして機能するので、正接続時の接続制御用コンタクタと逆接続時の遮断用コンタクタの２つを備える必要がなく、またそれらを制御する素子も少なくて済むので、回路全体の損失が少なく、小型化も可能となる。 On the other hand, when the contactor control device CC is turned off, no current flows through the contactor driver CD, and the contactor driver CD turns off the contactor CO. Thus, the contactor control device CC can control the supply of power from the DC power supply B to the electric circuit in the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV by turning on / off when the DC power supply B is positively connected. it can. Furthermore, since the contactor control device CC functions as a contactor both in the case of normal connection or reverse connection, it is not necessary to have two contactors for connection control at the time of normal connection and contactor for cutoff at the time of reverse connection, In addition, since fewer elements are required to control them, there is little loss in the entire circuit, and miniaturization is possible.
図４を参照して、直流電源Ｂが逆接続された場合について説明する。直流電源Ｂが逆接続された場合、正極端子ＰＴはグランドの電位となり、負極端子ＮＴは、コンタクタＣＯが常開型でオフの状態なので、正の電位は付加されていない状態である。一方、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１は、直流電源Ｂが逆接続されても、直流電源Ｂの正極に直接接続されているから、直流電源Ｂの正極、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１、および第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１に接続されている第１スイッチング素子の第１電極Ｓと第２スイッチング素子の第１電極Ｓには、正の電位が付加される。第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の制御電極Ｇは、正極端子ＰＴを介してグランドに接続しているのでＬｏｗとなり、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１はオンになり、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の第１電極Ｓと第２電極Ｄの間には電流が流れる。 A case where the DC power supply B is reversely connected will be described with reference to FIG. When the DC power supply B is reversely connected, the positive terminal PT is at the ground potential, and the negative terminal NT is in a state in which no positive potential is applied since the contactor CO is normally open and in the off state. On the other hand, since the first connector terminal T1 is directly connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply B even if the DC power supply B is reversely connected, the positive electrode of the DC power supply B, the first connector terminal T1, and the first connector terminal T1. A positive potential is applied to the first electrode S of the first switching element and the first electrode S of the second switching element connected to. The control electrode G of the first switching element SW1 is low because it is connected to the ground via the positive terminal PT, the first switching element SW1 is turned on, and the first electrode S of the first switching element SW1 and the second electrode A current flows between the electrodes D.
第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１がオンの場合、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の制御電極ＧはＨｉｇｈとなり、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２はオフとなり、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の第１電極Ｓと第２電極Ｄの間には電流が流れない。そうすると、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の第２電極Ｄは、コンタクタ駆動器ＣＤにも正の電位を付加することはない。したがって、直流電源Ｂが逆接続された場合、コンタクタ駆動器ＣＤには正の電位が付加されることがないので、コンタクタ制御装置ＣＣの制御に拘わらず、コンタクタＣＯがオンされることがなく、直流電源Ｂから昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶ内の電気回路に電力が供給されることがない。このように、逆接保護回路１００は、直流電源が正接続されている場合には損失が小さく、かつ、逆接続された場合には確実に電気回路を保護することができる。 When the first switching element SW1 is on, the control electrode G of the second switching element SW2 is High, the second switching element SW2 is off, and between the first electrode S and the second electrode D of the second switching element SW2. No current flows. Then, the second electrode D of the second switching element SW2 does not apply a positive potential to the contactor driver CD. Therefore, when the DC power supply B is reversely connected, a positive potential is not applied to the contactor driver CD, so that the contactor CO is not turned on regardless of the control of the contactor control device CC. No power is supplied from the DC power source B to the electric circuit in the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV. Thus, the reverse connection protection circuit 100 has a small loss when the DC power supply is positively connected, and can reliably protect the electric circuit when the DC power supply is reversely connected.
直流電源Ｂが逆接続された場合、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１がオンとなり、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の第１電極Ｓから第２電極Ｄへ流れた電流は、第１抵抗Ｒ１を介して、双方向変換部ＴＲのスイッチング素子の寄生ダイオードを流れ、ハイサイド電路ＬＨを通ってグランドに流れる。第１抵抗Ｒ１は、電気回路側に流れる電流を考慮して適宜抵抗値は定められる。 When the DC power supply B is reversely connected, the first switching element SW1 is turned on, and the current flowing from the first electrode S to the second electrode D of the first switching element SW1 is bidirectional via the first resistor R1. It flows through the parasitic diode of the switching element of the conversion unit TR, and flows to the ground through the high side electric circuit LH. The resistance value of the first resistor R1 is appropriately determined in consideration of the current flowing in the electric circuit side.
＜第一実施例の変形例＞
上記実施例の逆接保護回路１００は、コンタクタＣＯ、コンタクタ駆動器ＣＤ、コンタクタ制御装置ＣＣを含むものであったが、これらを含まない図５に示す逆接保護回路１００’は、言うまでもなく同様な効果が得られる。すなわち、直流電源Ｂと昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶ内の電気回路の間に設けられる逆接保護回路１００’は、正極端子ＰＴと、負極端子ＮＴと、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１と、第２コネクタ端子Ｔ２と、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１および第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２とを備える。なお、構成要素には同じ符号を付して、それぞれの構成要素の説明を省略する。
<Modification of the first embodiment>
Although the reverse connection protection circuit 100 of the above embodiment includes the contactor CO, the contactor driver CD, and the contactor control device CC, it goes without saying that the reverse connection protection circuit 100 ′ shown in FIG. Is obtained. That is, the reverse connection protection circuit 100 ′ provided between the DC power supply B and the electric circuit in the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV includes a positive terminal PT, a negative terminal NT, a first connector terminal T1, and a second connector terminal T2. And a first switching element SW1 and a second switching element SW2. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to a component and description of each component is abbreviate | omitted.
そして、逆接保護回路１００’では、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の第１電極Ｓは、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１に接続され、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の第２電極Ｄは、負極端子ＮＴに第１抵抗Ｒ１を介して接続され、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の制御電極Ｇは、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１に第２抵抗Ｒ２を介して接続されると共に、正極端子ＰＴと昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータＣＶ内の電気回路の間の電路ＬＨに接続される。また、逆接保護回路１００’では、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の第１電極Ｓは、第１コネクタ端子Ｔ１に接続され、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の第２電極Ｄは、第２コネクタ端子Ｔ２に接続され、第２スイッチング素子ＳＷ２の制御電極Ｇは、第１スイッチング素子ＳＷ１の第２電極Ｄと第１抵抗Ｒ１の間に接続される。 In the reverse connection protection circuit 100 ′, the first electrode S of the first switching element SW1 is connected to the first connector terminal T1, and the second electrode D of the first switching element SW1 is connected to the negative terminal NT with the first resistor R1. The control electrode G of the first switching element SW1 is connected to the first connector terminal T1 via the second resistor R2 and between the positive terminal PT and the electric circuit in the step-up / step-down DCDC converter CV. To the electric circuit LH. In the reverse connection protection circuit 100 ′, the first electrode S of the second switching element SW2 is connected to the first connector terminal T1, and the second electrode D of the second switching element SW2 is connected to the second connector terminal T2. The control electrode G of the second switching element SW2 is connected between the second electrode D of the first switching element SW1 and the first resistor R1.
なお、本発明は、例示した実施例に限定するものではなく、特許請求の範囲の各項に記載された内容から逸脱しない範囲の構成による実施が可能である。すなわち、本発明は、主に特定の実施形態に関して特に図示され、かつ説明されているが、本発明の技術的思想および目的の範囲から逸脱することなく、以上述べた実施形態に対し、数量、その他の詳細な構成において、当業者が様々な変形を加えることができるものである。 In addition, this invention is not limited to the illustrated Example, The implementation by the structure of the range which does not deviate from the content described in each item of a claim is possible. That is, although the present invention has been particularly illustrated and described with respect to particular embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention has been described in terms of quantity, quantity, and amount without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. In other detailed configurations, various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art.
１００ 逆接保護回路
ＳＷ１ 第１スイッチング素子
ＳＷ２ 第２スイッチング素子
Ｇ 制御電極
Ｓ 第１電極
Ｄ 第２電極
Ｒ１ 第１抵抗
Ｒ２ 第２抵抗
ＬＨ 電路（ハイサイド）
ＬＬ 電路（ローサイド）
ＣＯ コンタクタ
ＣＣ コンタクタ制御装置
ＣＤ コンタクタ駆動器
ＰＴ 正極端子
ＮＴ 負極端子
Ｔ１ 第１コネクタ端子
Ｔ２ 第２コネクタ端子
Ｂ 直流電源
ＣＶ 昇降圧型ＤＣＤＣコンバータ
ＴＲ 双方向変換部
ＰＰ 貫通逆接保護部
Ｌ 負荷
ＣＭ 電流モニタ
100 Reverse connection protection circuit SW1 1st switching element SW2 2nd switching element G Control electrode S 1st electrode D 2nd electrode R1 1st resistance R2 2nd resistance LH Electric circuit (high side)
LL electric circuit (low side)
CO contactor CC contactor control device CD contactor driver PT positive terminal NT negative terminal T1 first connector terminal T2 second connector terminal B DC power supply CV step-up / step-down DCDC converter TR bidirectional conversion part PP through reverse connection protection part L load CM current monitor
Claims (4)
前記直流電源の正極と前記電気回路の間の電路に設けられたコンタクタと、
前記コンタクタを開閉制御するコンタクタ制御装置と、
前記直流電源の正極側に接続される第１電極と、前記直流電源の負極側に接続される第２電極と、前記第１電極および前記第２電極の間に電流を流すオン動作を行うか否かを切り替える制御電極と、をそれぞれ有する第１スイッチング素子および第２スイッチング素子と、
を備え、
前記第１スイッチング素子の第１電極は、前記直流電源の正極と前記コンタクタの間に接続され、
前記第１スイッチング素子の第２電極は、前記直流電源の負極に第１抵抗を介して接続され、
前記第１スイッチング素子の制御電極は、前記直流電源の正極と前記コンタクタの間に第２抵抗を介して接続されると共に、前記コンタクタと前記電気回路の間の前記電路に接続され、
前記第２スイッチング素子の第１電極は、前記直流電源の正極と前記コンタクタの間に接続され、
前記第２スイッチング素子の第２電極は、前記コンタクタ制御装置にコンタクタ駆動器を介して接続され、
前記第２スイッチング素子の制御電極は、前記第１スイッチング素子の第２電極と前記第１抵抗の間に接続される、
逆接保護回路。 A reverse connection protection circuit for the DC power supply provided between the DC power supply and the electric circuit,
A contactor provided in a circuit between the positive electrode of the DC power source and the electric circuit;
A contactor control device for opening and closing the contactor;
Whether to perform an ON operation in which current flows between the first electrode connected to the positive electrode side of the DC power supply, the second electrode connected to the negative electrode side of the DC power supply, and the first electrode and the second electrode A first switching element and a second switching element each having a control electrode for switching between
With
The first electrode of the first switching element is connected between a positive electrode of the DC power source and the contactor,
A second electrode of the first switching element is connected to a negative electrode of the DC power source via a first resistor;
The control electrode of the first switching element is connected between the positive electrode of the DC power source and the contactor via a second resistor, and is connected to the electric circuit between the contactor and the electric circuit,
The first electrode of the second switching element is connected between the positive electrode of the DC power source and the contactor,
A second electrode of the second switching element is connected to the contactor control device via a contactor driver;
The control electrode of the second switching element is connected between the second electrode of the first switching element and the first resistor.
Reverse connection protection circuit.
コンタクタを介して前記直流電源の正極と接続されるべき正極端子と、
前記直流電源の負極と接続されるべき負極端子と、
前記直流電源の正極と接続される第１コネクタ端子と、
前記コンタクタを開閉制御するコンタクタ制御装置にコンタクタ駆動器を介して接続される第２コネクタ端子と、
前記直流電源の正極側に接続される第１電極と、前記直流電源の負極側に接続される第２電極と、前記第１電極および前記第２電極の間に電流を流すオン動作を行うか否かを切り替える制御電極と、をそれぞれ有する第１スイッチング素子および第２スイッチング素子と、
を備え、
前記第１スイッチング素子の第１電極は、前記第１コネクタ端子に接続され、
前記第１スイッチング素子の第２電極は、前記負極端子に第１抵抗を介して接続され、
前記第１スイッチング素子の制御電極は、前記第１コネクタ端子に第２抵抗を介して接続されると共に、前記正極端子と前記電気回路の間の電路に接続され、
前記第２スイッチング素子の第１電極は、前記第１コネクタ端子に接続され、
前記第２スイッチング素子の第２電極は、前記第２コネクタ端子に接続され、
前記第２スイッチング素子の制御電極は、前記第１スイッチング素子の第２電極と前記第１抵抗の間に接続される、
逆接保護回路。 A reverse connection protection circuit for the DC power supply provided between the DC power supply and the electric circuit,
A positive electrode terminal to be connected to the positive electrode of the DC power source via a contactor;
A negative electrode terminal to be connected to the negative electrode of the DC power supply;
A first connector terminal connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply;
A second connector terminal connected via a contactor driver to a contactor control device for controlling opening and closing of the contactor;
Whether to perform an ON operation in which current flows between the first electrode connected to the positive electrode side of the DC power supply, the second electrode connected to the negative electrode side of the DC power supply, and the first electrode and the second electrode A first switching element and a second switching element each having a control electrode for switching between
With
A first electrode of the first switching element is connected to the first connector terminal;
A second electrode of the first switching element is connected to the negative terminal via a first resistor;
The control electrode of the first switching element is connected to the first connector terminal via a second resistor, and is connected to an electric circuit between the positive terminal and the electric circuit,
A first electrode of the second switching element is connected to the first connector terminal;
A second electrode of the second switching element is connected to the second connector terminal;
The control electrode of the second switching element is connected between the second electrode of the first switching element and the first resistor.
Reverse connection protection circuit.
前記直流電源の正極と前記電気回路の間の電路に設けられたコンタクタと、
前記コンタクタを開閉制御するコンタクタ制御装置と、
前記コンタクタを介して前記直流電源の正極と接続されるべき正極端子と、
前記直流電源の負極と接続されるべき負極端子と、
前記直流電源の正極と接続される第１コネクタ端子と、
前記コンタクタ制御装置にコンタクタ駆動器を介して接続される第２コネクタ端子と、
前記直流電源の正極側に接続される第１電極と、前記直流電源の負極側に接続される第２電極と、前記第１電極および前記第２電極の間に電流を流すオン動作を行うか否かを切り替える制御電極と、をそれぞれ有する第１スイッチング素子および第２スイッチング素子と、
を備え、
前記第１スイッチング素子の第１電極は、前記第１コネクタ端子に接続され、
前記第１スイッチング素子の第２電極は、前記負極端子に第１抵抗を介して接続され、
前記第１スイッチング素子の制御電極は、前記第１コネクタ端子に第２抵抗を介して接続されると共に、前記正極端子と前記電気回路の間の前記電路に接続され、
前記第２スイッチング素子の第１電極は、前記第１コネクタ端子に接続され、
前記第２スイッチング素子の第２電極は、前記第２コネクタ端子に接続され、
前記第２スイッチング素子の制御電極は、前記第１スイッチング素子の第２電極と前記第１抵抗の間に接続される、
逆接保護回路。 A reverse connection protection circuit for the DC power supply provided between the DC power supply and the electric circuit,
A contactor provided in a circuit between the positive electrode of the DC power source and the electric circuit;
A contactor control device for opening and closing the contactor;
A positive electrode terminal to be connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply via the contactor;
A negative electrode terminal to be connected to the negative electrode of the DC power supply;
A first connector terminal connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply;
A second connector terminal connected to the contactor control device via a contactor driver;
Whether to perform an ON operation in which current flows between the first electrode connected to the positive electrode side of the DC power supply, the second electrode connected to the negative electrode side of the DC power supply, and the first electrode and the second electrode A first switching element and a second switching element each having a control electrode for switching between
With
A first electrode of the first switching element is connected to the first connector terminal;
A second electrode of the first switching element is connected to the negative terminal via a first resistor;
The control electrode of the first switching element is connected to the first connector terminal via a second resistor, and is connected to the electric circuit between the positive terminal and the electric circuit,
A first electrode of the second switching element is connected to the first connector terminal;
A second electrode of the second switching element is connected to the second connector terminal;
The control electrode of the second switching element is connected between the second electrode of the first switching element and the first resistor.
Reverse connection protection circuit.
前記第１電極はソースであり、前記第２電極はドレインであり、前記制御電極はゲートであることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３のいずれかに記載の逆接保護回路。 The first switching element and the second switching element are P-channel FETs,
4. The reverse connection protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode is a source, the second electrode is a drain, and the control electrode is a gate. 5.
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