JP2017162388A - Initial motion support kit during disasters - Google Patents

Initial motion support kit during disasters Download PDF

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JP2017162388A
JP2017162388A JP2016048642A JP2016048642A JP2017162388A JP 2017162388 A JP2017162388 A JP 2017162388A JP 2016048642 A JP2016048642 A JP 2016048642A JP 2016048642 A JP2016048642 A JP 2016048642A JP 2017162388 A JP2017162388 A JP 2017162388A
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disaster
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staff
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JP6829942B2 (en
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猛 児玉
Takeshi Kodama
猛 児玉
和毅 齋藤
Kazuki Saito
和毅 齋藤
昌寛 金子
Masahiro Kaneko
昌寛 金子
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Hitachi Systems Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an initial motion support kit during disasters that supports an initial motion of employees of a municipality during disasters to make it possible to quickly appropriately respond to local residents.SOLUTION: The initial motion support kit includes: an initial motion model DB13 for holding the initial motion model that defines a business process that a municipality should perform at the time of an initial motion of a regional disaster prevention plan as workflow; a command communication section 11 that allocates a task included in the workflow to an objective staff member 40 of the municipality on the basis of the initial motion model when disasters are detected, informs a staff terminal 41 that the staff member 40 to whom the task is allocated owns of that effect via a network 30, and obtains that the task is completed via the staff terminal 41; and a situation management DB15 for holding information on progress of the workflow.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、災害対策の技術に関し、特に、発災時における自治体の職員の初動での的確な対応を支援する発災時初動支援キットに適用して有効な技術に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a disaster countermeasure technique, and more particularly to a technique that is effective when applied to a disaster initial response support kit that supports an accurate response of local government staff at the time of the disaster.

特に東日本大震災以降、各種方面で災害対策・防災対策が改めて重要視されている。災害対策・防災対策では、いわゆる「自助」「共助」「公助」という考え方がとられ、自分の命は自分で守る（自助）ことを基本としつつ、自分でできることには限界があることから、家族、企業、コミュニティ等で共に助け合うこと（共助）が求められる。そしてこれらをカバーするものとして国や地方自治体、防災関係機関などが事前の防災・減災活動や事後の救助活動などを行う（公助）。すなわち、「自助」「共助」「公助」の連携が重要である。   In particular, after the Great East Japan Earthquake, disaster countermeasures and disaster prevention measures have been emphasized anew in various fields. In disaster countermeasures and disaster prevention measures, the concept of so-called “self-help”, “mutual assistance”, and “public assistance” is taken, and there is a limit to what you can do on your own while protecting your own life (self-help) , Family, company, community, etc. help each other (mutual assistance). In order to cover these issues, the national government, local governments, disaster prevention organizations, etc. will conduct disaster prevention and mitigation activities in advance and rescue activities after the fact (public assistance). That is, the cooperation of “self-help”, “mutual assistance”, and “public assistance” is important.

「公助」を担う自治体では、災害対策基本法に基づいて地域の実情に即した地域防災計画を策定し運用することが求められている。地域防災計画の中には各種の方針や目標、計画、対策などが規定されるが、特に災害発生（以下では「発災」と記載する場合がある）直後の自治体の初動（例えば発災時から７２時間）での対応は、人命優先のために組織的かつ迅速な行動が必要な重要な事項であり、これに関わるものとして、例えば、災害予防（災害発生前の計画）における事業継続計画（ＢＣＰ：Business Continuity Plan）の策定や、災害応急対策（発災時の対策）における初動体制の確立などが求められる。   Local governments responsible for “public assistance” are required to formulate and operate regional disaster prevention plans in line with local conditions based on the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act. Various policies, objectives, plans, countermeasures, etc. are stipulated in the regional disaster prevention plan. In particular, the local government's initial action (for example, at the time of a disaster) immediately after the occurrence of a disaster (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “disaster”) 72 hours) is an important matter that requires systematic and prompt action in order to prioritize human life. For example, a business continuity plan for disaster prevention (pre-disaster planning) (BCP: Business Continuity Plan) and establishment of an initial response system for disaster emergency measures (measures in the event of a disaster) are required.

災害発生時における自治体の対応を支援する技術としては、例えば、特開平１０−３３４０７８号公報（特許文献１）には、天災被害や突発事故といった災害発生時に、自治体や対応機関の各部署が迅速かつ的確に対応できるような意思決定を支援する技術が記載されている。ここでは、災害時に災害情報の入力を受け付け、予め格納しておいた防災計画ルール、受け付けた災害情報および災害発生時から実際に実行した意思決定の履歴情報に基づいて、意思決定を行うための候補となる意思決定支援情報を作成して出力し、意思決定者による実際の意思決定の入力を受け付ける。   For example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 10-334078 (Patent Document 1) discloses a technique for supporting local governments in the event of a disaster. Describes technologies that support decision-making that can be handled accurately and accurately. Here, we accept the input of disaster information at the time of a disaster, and to make a decision based on the disaster prevention plan rules stored in advance, the received disaster information and the history information of the decision actually executed from the time of the disaster Candidate decision support information is created and output, and an actual decision input by a decision maker is accepted.

また、特開２００７−１０２２６３号公報（特許文献２）には、災害発生時に、利用者の属性に加えて災害種別を考慮して、利用者毎に適切な災害時行動マニュアルを呈示できるようにする技術が記載されている。ここでは、利用者の所属部署名や役職等の利用者属性情報を記憶した利用者データベースと、組織や災害対策本部の構成等の組織属性情報を記憶した組織データベースと、上記利用者の属性、組織の属性および災害種別に応じて予め作成された災害時行動マニュアルを記憶した災害時行動マニュアルデータベースを設けている。そして、要求元の利用者の所属部署名および役職に対応し、さらに災害種別に応じた災害時行動マニュアルを読み出して要求元の電子端末に配信する。   Also, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-102263 (Patent Document 2) can present an appropriate disaster action manual for each user in consideration of the disaster type in addition to the user attributes when a disaster occurs. The technology to do is described. Here, a user database that stores user attribute information such as a user's department name and job title, an organization database that stores organization attribute information such as the structure of the organization and disaster response headquarters, and the attributes of the user, A disaster action manual database is provided that stores disaster action manuals created in advance according to organizational attributes and disaster types. Then, corresponding to the department name and job title of the requesting user, the disaster action manual corresponding to the disaster type is read and distributed to the requesting electronic terminal.

また、特開２０１３−８８８２９号公報（特許文献３）には、予測不可能な状況が発生し得る災害時などに効果的な意思決定を行うため、やるべきタスクと必要な情報を適切な内容でかつ適切なタイミングで提供する技術が記載されている。ここでは、意思決定に必要な情報を意思決定支援装置から各種端末に配信するために、意思決定の原因となるイベントをイベント管理部で検知し、当該イベントに応じたタスク割り当ておよび通知すべき情報を、イベントおよびこれに伴う状況に応じて情報相関管理部で管理される各情報の相関関係を用いて決定し、各種端末に配信する。   JP 2013-88829 A (Patent Document 3) describes appropriate tasks and necessary information in order to make an effective decision in the event of an unpredictable situation. In addition, a technology to provide at an appropriate timing is described. Here, in order to distribute the information necessary for decision making from the decision support device to various terminals, the event management unit detects an event that causes decision making, information that should be assigned and notified according to the event Is determined using the correlation of each piece of information managed by the information correlation management unit according to the event and the situation accompanying it, and distributed to various terminals.

特開平１０−３３４０７８号公報JP-A-10-334078 特開２００７−１０２２６３号公報JP 2007-102263 A 特開２０１３−８８８２９号公報JP2013-88829A

特許文献１、２などに記載された技術によれば、災害発生時に災害状況等に応じて自治体の担当者が意思決定を行うための候補となる情報を呈示したり、適切な災害時の行動マニュアルを呈示したりすることができる。しかしながら、呈示した意思決定の内容や行動マニュアル等に従って実際に行動する多数の自治体職員や担当者等のレベルでの行動を支援して、発災時の初動として求められる関係各所の連携と一連のタスクの迅速な実行を実現することまでは考慮されていない。   According to the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, etc., when a disaster occurs, the local government staff presents information that is a candidate for making a decision according to the disaster situation, etc., or appropriate disaster action A manual can be presented. However, it supports the actions at the level of many local government officials and persons in charge who actually act in accordance with the contents of the decision-making presented and the action manual, etc. It is not taken into consideration to realize the quick execution of the task.

この点、特許文献３に記載された技術によれば、予め定義されたワークフローを基準としつつ、意思決定の原因となるイベントの検知に応じて臨機応変にタスクの割り当てと情報の共有を図ることで、業務対応者に対してやるべきタスクと必要な情報を適切に提供することができる。しかしながら、ここでは「公助」の観点からの自治体側のタスクが主に想定されており、「自助」「共助」の観点から自治体が行うことができるタスク、例えば、地域住民への情報提供や避難支援といったところまでは考慮されていない。   In this regard, according to the technique described in Patent Document 3, task allocation and information sharing are made on an ad hoc basis according to detection of an event that causes a decision making, based on a predefined workflow. Therefore, tasks to be performed and necessary information can be appropriately provided to business responders. However, local government tasks from the viewpoint of “public assistance” are mainly assumed here. Tasks that local governments can perform from the viewpoint of “self-help” and “mutual assistance”, such as providing information to local residents, No consideration has been given to evacuation assistance.

そこで本発明の目的は、発災時における自治体の職員等の初動を支援し、地域住民への迅速かつ的確な対応を可能とする発災時初動支援キットを提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an initial response support kit at the time of a disaster that supports the initial response of local government staff and the like at the time of the disaster and enables quick and accurate response to local residents.

本発明の前記ならびにその他の目的と新規な特徴は、本明細書の記述および添付図面から明らかになるであろう。   The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will be apparent from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.

本願において開示される発明のうち、代表的なものの概要を簡単に説明すれば、以下のとおりである。   Of the inventions disclosed in this application, the outline of typical ones will be briefly described as follows.

本発明の代表的な実施の形態による発災時初動支援キットは、発災時における自治体の初動での対応を支援する発災時初動支援キットであって、前記自治体が地域防災計画の初動時に行うべき業務プロセスをワークフローとして定義した初動モデルを保持する初動モデル記録部と、発災を検知した際に、前記初動モデルに基づいて前記自治体の対象の職員に対して前記ワークフローに含まれるタスクを割り当てるとともに、前記タスクを割り当てられた前記職員が保有する携帯端末に対してネットワークを介してその旨を通知し、前記タスクが完了した旨を前記携帯端末を介して取得する指揮連絡部と、前記ワークフローの進捗状況に係る情報を保持する状況管理記録部と、を有するものである。   A disaster initial response support kit according to a representative embodiment of the present invention is a disaster initial response support kit that supports the initial response of the local government at the time of the disaster, and the local government at the time of the initial response of the regional disaster prevention plan An initial motion model recording unit that retains an initial motion model that defines a business process to be performed as a workflow, and when a disaster is detected, a task included in the workflow is performed for a staff member of the local government based on the initial motion model. Assigning and notifying the mobile terminal held by the staff assigned the task to the mobile terminal via the network, and obtaining the fact that the task is completed via the mobile terminal, A status management recording unit that holds information related to the progress status of the workflow.

本願において開示される発明のうち、代表的なものによって得られる効果を簡単に説明すれば以下のとおりである。   Among the inventions disclosed in the present application, effects obtained by typical ones will be briefly described as follows.

すなわち、本発明の代表的な実施の形態によれば、発災時における自治体の職員等の初動を支援することで、非常時における職員等の心理的負担を軽減することが可能となるとともに、関連する職員等の全体行動を把握して可視化することができ、これにより地域住民への迅速かつ的確な対応が可能となる。   That is, according to the representative embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the psychological burden of the staff in an emergency by supporting the initial actions of the staff of the local government at the time of the disaster, It is possible to grasp and visualize the overall behavior of related staff, etc., thereby enabling quick and accurate response to local residents.

本発明の一実施の形態である発災時初動支援キットの構成例について概要を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the outline | summary about the structural example of the initial action assistance kit at the time of a disaster which is one embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施の形態における初動対応の概要および体制の例について概要を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the outline | summary about the example of the outline | summary and system of initial response in one embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施の形態における初動対応のワークフロー（初動モデル）の例について概要を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the outline | summary about the example of the workflow (initial movement model) corresponding to initial movement in one embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施の形態における自治体の各職員が初動時の自身の行動内容を確認するための画面の例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the example of the screen for each staff of the local government in one embodiment of this invention to confirm the own action content at the time of initial movement. 本発明の一実施の形態における初動時の職員全体の行動内容を確認するための画面の例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the example of the screen for confirming the action content of the whole staff at the time of the first action in one embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施の形態における初動時の各職員の行動履歴を確認するための画面の例を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the example of the screen for confirming the action log | history of each staff at the time of the first action in one embodiment of this invention.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。なお、実施の形態を説明するための全図において、同一部には原則として同一の符号を付し、その繰り返しの説明は省略する。一方で、ある図において符号を付して説明した部位について、他の図の説明の際に再度の図示はしないが同一の符号を付して言及する場合がある。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference symbols throughout the drawings for describing the embodiment, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted. On the other hand, parts described with reference numerals in some drawings may be referred to with the same reference numerals although not illustrated again in the description of other drawings.

＜システム構成＞
図１は、本発明の一実施の形態である発災時初動支援キットの構成例について概要を示した図である。発災時初動支援キット１は、例えば、対象の自治体の拠点等に構築されたＢＣＰ対策インフラ２０上でスタンバイもしくは稼働するサーバシステム１０と、サーバシステム１０に対してインターネット等のネットワーク３０を介して接続可能な複数の職員端末４１および住民端末５１からなる情報処理システムである。 <System configuration>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a configuration example of a disaster initial support kit that is an embodiment of the present invention. The initial response support kit 1 at the time of a disaster is, for example, a server system 10 that stands by or operates on a BCP countermeasure infrastructure 20 constructed at a base of a target local government, and the server system 10 via a network 30 such as the Internet. The information processing system includes a plurality of connectable staff terminals 41 and resident terminals 51.

サーバシステム１０は、自治体における発災時の初動対応を支援するための各種処理を実行する情報処理装置である。サーバシステム１０は、例えば、サーバ機器により構成され、図示しないＯＳ（Operating System）やＤＢＭＳ（DataBase Management System）、Ｗｅｂサーバプログラムなどのミドルウェア上で稼働するソフトウェアとして実装された指揮連絡部１１、および防災マップ処理部１２などの各部を有する。また、初動モデルデータベース（ＤＢ）１３、体制ＤＢ１４、状況管理ＤＢ１５、および防災マップＤＢ１６などの各データストアを有する。   The server system 10 is an information processing apparatus that executes various processes for supporting initial response at the time of a disaster in a local government. The server system 10 includes, for example, a server device, and a command communication unit 11 implemented as software that runs on middleware such as an OS (Operating System), a DBMS (DataBase Management System), and a Web server program (not shown), and disaster prevention Each unit includes a map processing unit 12 and the like. Each data store includes an initial model database (DB) 13, a system DB 14, a situation management DB 15, and a disaster prevention map DB 16.

指揮連絡部１１は、発災時の初動における対応内容をワークフローとして定義し、これを実行する機能を有する。例えば、後述するような初動時の各職員４０の対応内容としての災害対策本部の設置から避難所開設、住民への避難所に関する情報提供といった一連の業務プロセスをワークフローとしてモデル化したものの入力・設定を受け付けて、予め初動モデルＤＢ１３に登録しておく。そして、発災時には初動モデルＤＢ１３に登録された初動モデル（ワークフロー）に従って、体制ＤＢ１４に登録されている人事情報や組織、担当者に係る情報を参照しながら、各タスクを適切な担当者に順次割り当てるとともに各タスクの実行状況・進捗状況を状況管理ＤＢ１５に記録することで、ユーザがこれを参照・把握することを可能とする。   The command communication unit 11 has a function of defining the content of correspondence in the initial action at the time of the disaster as a workflow and executing it. For example, input and setting of a workflow modeled as a series of business processes, such as setting up a disaster response headquarters, providing evacuation shelters, and providing information on evacuation shelters to the residents as described later Are registered in advance in the initial motion model DB 13. Then, at the time of the disaster, according to the initial model (workflow) registered in the initial model DB 13, each task is sequentially assigned to an appropriate person while referring to the personnel information, organization, and information related to the person in charge registered in the system DB 14. Allocating and recording the execution status / progress status of each task in the status management DB 15 allows the user to refer to and grasp this.

指揮連絡部１１に係るワークフロー機能は、ソフトウェアプログラムとして個別に開発・実装してもよいし、ベンダー等から提供されて一般に入手可能なワークフロー製品やツールなど（例えば、独Metasonic社のMetasonic（登録商標） Suiteなど）を適宜利用する構成としてもよい。   The workflow function related to the command communication unit 11 may be individually developed and implemented as a software program, or a workflow product or tool provided by a vendor or the like (for example, Metasonic (registered trademark) of Metasonic, Germany). ) Suite etc.) may be used as appropriate.

防災マップ処理部１２は、対象地域における避難所の候補地・候補施設に係る情報を含む防災関連情報を地図情報として防災マップＤＢ１６に予め保持するとともに、住民５０がこれを参照できるようにする機能を有する。また、発災時には、初動対応において実際に決定・開設された避難所の情報を防災マップＤＢ１６に登録し、住民５０に対して提供する機能を有する。住民５０の所在位置の情報（例えば、住所やＧＰＳ（Global Positioning System）による位置情報など）に基づいて最寄りの適切な避難所を指示、誘導するナビゲーション機能を有していてもよい。   The disaster prevention map processing unit 12 has a function of preliminarily storing disaster prevention related information including information on candidate sites / candidate facilities for evacuation centers in the target area in the disaster prevention map DB 16 as map information and allowing residents 50 to refer to the information. Have Further, at the time of a disaster, it has a function of registering information on evacuation centers actually determined and opened in the initial response in the disaster prevention map DB 16 and providing them to the residents 50. You may have the navigation function which instruct | indicates and guides the nearest suitable shelter based on the information on the location of the resident 50 (for example, location information by an address or GPS (Global Positioning System)).

防災マップ処理部１２に係る地図情報の作成や共有、利用の機能についても、指揮連絡部１１と同様に、ソフトウェアプログラムとして個別に開発・実装してもよいし、ベンダーから提供されて一般に入手可能な地図製品や地理情報システム（ＧＩＳ：Geographic Information System）などを適宜利用する構成としてもよい。   The function of creating, sharing, and using the map information related to the disaster prevention map processing unit 12 may be developed and implemented individually as a software program as in the case of the command communication unit 11, or provided to the public by a vendor. A simple map product, geographic information system (GIS: Geographic Information System), or the like may be used as appropriate.

サーバシステム１０は、例えば、対象の自治体の拠点等に設置されるため、発災時でも正常な稼働が可能となるよう、ＢＣＰ対策インフラ２０上で稼働するよう構成するのが望ましい。ＢＣＰ対策インフラ２０は、単独の物や機器を指すものではなく、発災時初動支援キット１が稼働するＩＴインフラにおける災害対策としての各種ファシリティなどを総称した論理的なものである。   Since the server system 10 is installed, for example, at the base of the target local government, it is desirable that the server system 10 be configured to operate on the BCP countermeasure infrastructure 20 so that normal operation is possible even in the event of a disaster. The BCP countermeasure infrastructure 20 does not indicate a single object or device, but is a logical term that collectively refers to various facilities as disaster countermeasures in the IT infrastructure in which the initial support kit 1 at the time of a disaster operates.

ＢＣＰ対策インフラ２０には、例えば、サーバシステム１０の設置環境としての免震装置を備えた堅牢なコンテナ型データセンターや、非常用発電設備、ＵＰＳ（Uninterruptible Power Supply：無停電電源装置）、設備や環境の監視システム、冗長構成、入退室管理等のセキュリティシステムなどが含まれ得る。また、発災時にＪ−ＡＬＥＲＴ（全国瞬時警報システム）から各自治体に配信される警報を取得し、これをトリガーとしてサーバシステム１０をアクティブにする仕組みを有していてもよい。   The BCP countermeasure infrastructure 20 includes, for example, a robust container type data center equipped with a seismic isolation device as an installation environment of the server system 10, emergency power generation facilities, UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply), facilities, An environmental monitoring system, a redundant configuration, a security system such as entrance / exit management, and the like can be included. Moreover, you may have the structure which acquires the warning delivered to each local government from J-ALERT (national instantaneous warning system) at the time of a disaster, and activates the server system 10 by using this as a trigger.

本実施の形態では、オンプレミス型として各自治体が個別にサーバシステム１０およびＢＣＰ対策インフラ２０を備える構成としているが、例えばこれらの構成の全部もしくは一部を商用のクラウドコンピューティングサービス上に構築された仮想サーバによって実現する構成とすることもできる。また、サーバシステム１０は、常時稼働している必要はなく、例えば、体制ＤＢ１４や初動モデルＤＢ１３、防災マップＤＢ１６の登録内容などのメンテナンス時、および発災時以外は停止もしくはスタンバイ状態としておいてもよい。   In the present embodiment, each local government is configured to include the server system 10 and the BCP countermeasure infrastructure 20 individually as an on-premises type. For example, all or part of these configurations are constructed on a commercial cloud computing service. A configuration realized by a virtual server can also be adopted. Further, the server system 10 does not need to be constantly operated. For example, the server system 10 may be stopped or in a standby state except during maintenance such as registration contents of the system DB 14, the initial model DB 13, and the disaster prevention map DB 16, and at the time of the disaster. Good.

職員端末４１は、自治体の職員４０が保有する情報処理端末であり、タブレット端末やスマートフォン等の携帯型であるのが望ましい。職員端末４１は、有線／無線通信によりネットワーク３０を介してサーバシステム１０にアクセスすることができる。職員端末４１には、例えば、サーバシステム１０の指揮連絡部１１と連携して初動モデルＤＢ１３に登録されているワークフローに係る処理を行うクライアントアプリケーションが導入されており、職員４０は、発災時に当該アプリケーションにより後述するような各種の連絡・通知を受け取ったり、タスク実行の結果を入力・報告したりすることができる。   The staff terminal 41 is an information processing terminal held by the municipal staff 40 and is preferably a portable terminal such as a tablet terminal or a smartphone. The staff terminal 41 can access the server system 10 via the network 30 by wired / wireless communication. For example, a client application that performs processing related to a workflow registered in the initial movement model DB 13 in cooperation with the command communication unit 11 of the server system 10 is introduced into the staff terminal 41. The application can receive various kinds of communication and notification as described later, and can input and report the result of task execution.

住民端末５１は、地域の住民５０が保有する情報処理端末であり、有線／無線通信によりネットワーク３０を介してサーバシステム１０にアクセスすることができる。住民５０は、発災時（および通常時）に図示しないＷｅｂブラウザ等によりサーバシステム１０にアクセスし、防災マップ処理部１２より防災マップＤＢ１６から抽出された避難所に係る地図情報を参照することができる。発災時には、実際に開設された避難所の情報を参照することができるとともに、住民端末５１がＧＰＳ機能を有する携帯型の情報処理端末である場合、その位置情報に基づいて最寄りの適切な避難所への誘導を受けられるようにすることも可能である。   The resident terminal 51 is an information processing terminal owned by a local resident 50 and can access the server system 10 via the network 30 by wired / wireless communication. The resident 50 can access the server system 10 by a web browser or the like (not shown) at the time of the disaster (and normal time) and refer to the map information related to the evacuation site extracted from the disaster prevention map DB 16 by the disaster prevention map processing unit 12. it can. In the event of a disaster, information on the shelter that was actually opened can be referenced, and if the resident terminal 51 is a portable information processing terminal having a GPS function, the nearest appropriate evacuation is based on the location information. It is also possible to receive guidance to the place.

＜初動対応の内容＞
図２は、自治体における地域防災計画に規定された初動対応の概要および体制の例について概要を示した図である。災害発生によりＪ−ＡＬＥＲＴからの警報を検知すると、その情報はまず自治体の総務課の地域安全班に伝達される。地域安全班は、他の各課の必要な職員に対して安否確認を行うとともに災害対策本部への参集を要請し、災害対策本部を設置する。 <Contents of initial response>
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an outline of an initial response outline and an example of a system defined in a regional disaster prevention plan in a local government. When a warning from J-ALERT is detected due to the occurrence of a disaster, the information is first transmitted to the local safety team in the general affairs section of the local government. The local safety team will confirm the safety of the necessary staff in each section, request for the disaster response headquarters, and set up the disaster response headquarters.

災害対策本部は、図示するように、例えば、本部会議、本部事務局（例えば総務課）、および各専門部局と地区災害対策室により構成され、初動時の対応についての意思決定と指揮・連絡を行う。そして、災害対策本部の各専門部局と、他の防災関係機関（例えば、消防等）とが連携して住民支援に当たる構成をとる。なお、各専門部局と地区災害対策室、および各防災関係機関は、それぞれ指名された本部連絡員を介して災害対策本部の本部事務局と連携する。   As shown in the figure, the disaster response headquarters is composed of, for example, the headquarters meeting, the headquarters secretariat (for example, the General Affairs Division), and each specialized department and the regional disaster response room. Do. And each special department of the disaster countermeasure headquarters and other disaster prevention related organizations (for example, fire fighting etc.) cooperate, and take the composition which corresponds to inhabitants. In addition, each specialized department, the district disaster response room, and each disaster prevention-related organization will cooperate with the headquarters secretariat of the disaster response headquarters through their designated headquarters liaison officers.

図３は、初動対応のワークフロー（初動モデル）の例について概要を示した図である。災害発生により、サーバシステム１０がＪ−ＡＬＥＲＴからの警報を検知すると（Ｓ０１）、警報のレベル（例えば、地震の震度等）に応じて予め定められた基準により非常時の配備体制を決定する（Ｓ０２）。例えば、レベルが高くなるに従って「注意配備」「警戒配備」「非常配備」の順に配備のレベルを上げるように決定する。配備体制により、例えば災害対策本部の設置主体や手順が異なるようにワークフローが定義されていてもよい。また、配備体制をサーバシステム１０が自動的に決定するのではなく、警報を検知した旨を総務課の地域安全班の担当者宛に通知し、地域安全班の担当者の判断により決定するようにしてもよい。   FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an outline of an example of a workflow corresponding to an initial motion (initial motion model). When the server system 10 detects an alarm from J-ALERT due to the occurrence of a disaster (S01), an emergency deployment system is determined based on a predetermined standard according to the alarm level (for example, seismic intensity of the earthquake) ( S02). For example, as the level increases, it is determined to increase the level of deployment in the order of “attention deployment”, “warning deployment”, and “emergency deployment”. Depending on the deployment system, for example, the workflow may be defined so that the installation main body and procedure of the disaster response headquarters are different. In addition, the server system 10 does not automatically determine the deployment system, but informs the person in charge of the local safety team in the General Affairs Division that the alarm has been detected, and determines it based on the judgment of the person in charge of the local safety team. It may be.

決定された配備体制に応じて、サーバシステム１０の指揮連絡部１１により、災害対策本部の設置と避難指示を行うためのワークフローが開始される。まず、総務課の地域安全班の担当者に対して、災害対策本部の設置要員となる各課の必要な職員に対して安否確認および災害対策本部への参集の要請を行うタスクが割り当てられる（Ｓ０３）。災害対策本部の設置要員となる職員は、例えば、体制ＤＢ１４から自動もしくは手動により抽出することができる。地域安全班の担当者が安否確認および参集要請を行うタスクを完了すると、災害対策本部の設置要員となる各課の必要な職員に対して、安否および参集可否の情報を応答するタスクが割り当てられる（Ｓ０４）。   According to the determined deployment system, the command communication unit 11 of the server system 10 starts a workflow for setting up the disaster countermeasure headquarters and instructing evacuation. First, the person in charge of the regional safety team in the General Affairs Division is assigned a task to confirm the safety and request to attend the disaster response headquarters for the necessary staff members in each section, who will be the personnel for setting up the disaster response headquarters (S03). ). The staff who becomes the installation staff of the disaster countermeasure headquarters can be automatically or manually extracted from the system DB 14, for example. When the person in charge of the local safety team completes the task of confirming safety and requesting gathering, the task of responding to the safety and gathering availability information is assigned to the necessary staff of each section who will be the installation staff of the disaster response headquarters ( S04).

安否および参集可否の情報を応答するタスクが割り当てられたことを職員端末４１によって把握した災害対策本部の設置要員の職員４０は、それぞれ、職員端末４１を用いて安否および参集可否の情報を入力してタスクを完了する。入力された内容は、例えば、指揮連絡部１１により状況管理ＤＢ１５に登録される。対象の全て（もしくは一定数以上）の職員４０が安否および参集可否の情報を応答するタスクを完了すると、総務課の地域安全班の担当者に対して、災害対策本部の設置要員の参集可否の状況を報告するタスクが割り当てられる（Ｓ０５）。   The staff 40 of the disaster response headquarters personnel who have grasped by the staff terminal 41 that the task for responding to the safety and gathering information has been assigned, inputs the safety and gathering information using the staff terminal 41, respectively. To complete the task. The input content is registered in the situation management DB 15 by the command communication unit 11, for example. When all (or more than a certain number) of staff members 40 have completed the task of responding to the safety and availability information, the person in charge of the local safety team in the General Affairs Division will be able to check A task for reporting the status is assigned (S05).

地域安全班の担当者が参集可否状況を取りまとめてタスクを完了すると、その内容を承認するタスクが災害対策本部事務局の総括班の担当者に割り当てられる（Ｓ０６）。参集可否状況の情報は、事務局総括班の担当者にタスクの割り当てとともに直接送付されてもよいし、サーバシステム１０の状況管理ＤＢ１５などを介して地域安全班の担当者と事務局総括班の担当者が共有できるようにしてもよい。   When the person in charge of the local safety team collects the status of whether or not to assemble and completes the task, the task of approving the contents is assigned to the person in charge of the general team of the disaster response headquarters (S06). Information on the status of participation can be sent directly to the person in charge of the secretariat general group along with the assignment of tasks, or the person in charge of the local safety group and the secretariat general group via the situation management DB 15 of the server system 10 or the like. The person in charge may be allowed to share.

事務局総括班の担当者が参集可否状況の内容を承認すると、その旨が総務課の地域安全班の担当者に通知されるとともに、事務局総括班の担当者には災害対策本部の設置を指示・連絡するタスクが割り当てられる（Ｓ０７）。事務局総括班の担当者が、災害対策本部を設置する指示・連絡を出してタスクを完了すると、次に避難所を指定して避難所開設を指示するタスクが割り当てられる（Ｓ０８）。   When the person in charge of the secretariat general team approves the contents of the status of admission, the person in charge of the regional safety team in the general affairs section will be notified of this, and the person in charge of the secretariat general department will have to set up a disaster response headquarters. A task to be instructed / contacted is assigned (S07). When the person in charge of the secretariat general team issues an instruction / contact to establish the disaster response headquarters and completes the task, a task for designating a shelter and instructing the establishment of a shelter is assigned (S08).

事務局総括班の担当者が、予め選定されている避難所の候補の中から、災害の発生状況等に応じて実際に開設する避難所を決定・入力してタスクを完了すると、災害対策本部の総括班の担当者に避難所の開設と防災マップでの公開を行うタスクが割り当てられる（Ｓ０９）。総括班の担当者が実際に避難所を開設し、サーバシステム１０の防災マップ処理部１２を介して開設した避難所の情報を防災マップＤＢ１６に登録して参照可能としてタスクを完了すると、事務局総括班の担当者に対してその旨を報告するタスクが割り当てられる（Ｓ１０）。このタスクは総括班の担当者が手動で実行してもよいし、避難所開設と防災マップの公開のタスクの完了をトリガーとして自動的に完了の報告がされるようにしてもよい。   When the person in charge of the secretariat general team decides and inputs the actual shelter to be opened according to the disaster situation, etc., from the pre-selected evacuation shelter candidates, A task of establishing a shelter and publishing it on the disaster prevention map is assigned to the person in charge of the general group (S09). When the person in charge of the general team opens the evacuation center and registers the information of the evacuation center established via the disaster prevention map processing unit 12 of the server system 10 in the disaster prevention map DB 16 to complete the task, the secretariat A task for reporting the fact to the person in charge of the general team is assigned (S10). This task may be executed manually by the person in charge of the general team, or the completion of the task may be automatically triggered by the completion of the task of opening the shelter and publishing the disaster prevention map.

ここまでのワークフローにより、災害対策本部の設置と避難所の開設、および住民５０への情報提供という初動対応は一応完了したこととなる。これに加えて、さらに、避難所に詰めている専門部局の担当者（図示しない）に対して、住民５０が防災マップを参照しながら避難所に実際に到着した際に避難状況を入力するタスクを割り当てるようにしてもよい（Ｓ１１）。入力された避難状況に係る情報は、サーバシステム１０の状況管理ＤＢ１５に登録され、これにより、災害対策本部では避難所の受け入れ状況を一元的に把握することが可能となる（Ｓ１２）。   Through the workflow so far, the initial response of the establishment of the disaster response headquarters, the opening of the evacuation shelter, and the provision of information to the residents 50 has been completed. In addition to this, the task of inputting the evacuation status when the resident 50 actually arrives at the evacuation site while referring to the disaster prevention map for a person in charge of a specialized department (not shown) packed in the evacuation site May be assigned (S11). The input information related to the evacuation situation is registered in the situation management DB 15 of the server system 10, and the disaster countermeasure headquarters can centrally grasp the acceptance situation of the evacuation shelter (S12).

＜職員等の初動対応の管理＞
図４は、自治体の各職員４０が初動時の自身の行動内容を確認するための画面の例を示した図である。この画面は、各職員４０の職員端末４１上に導入されているクライアントアプリケーションが、サーバシステム１０の指揮連絡部１１と連携して、初動モデルＤＢ１３に登録されている図３の例に示すようなワークフローから、自身に割り当てられているタスクを抽出して表示するものである。図４の例では、画面下部の領域で、図３の例に示したワークフローの定義内容のうち、対象の職員４０に割り当てられている一連のタスクがフローとして示されている。各タスクの詳細な内容は画面上部の領域に表示することができる。 <Management of initial responses such as staff>
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a screen on which each staff member 40 of the local government confirms his / her own action content at the time of initial movement. This screen is shown in the example of FIG. 3 in which the client application installed on the staff terminal 41 of each staff 40 is registered in the initial movement model DB 13 in cooperation with the command communication section 11 of the server system 10. The task assigned to itself is extracted from the workflow and displayed. In the example of FIG. 4, a series of tasks assigned to the target staff 40 among the workflow definition contents shown in the example of FIG. 3 are shown as a flow in the area at the bottom of the screen. Detailed contents of each task can be displayed in the area at the top of the screen.

図４の例では、一連のタスクの中で対象の職員４０（図４の例では総務課地域安全班の担当者）が現在実行すべきタスク（現在割り当てられているタスク）が強調表示されており（図４の例では太枠となっている災害対策本部設置要員参集）、当該タスクの内容が画面上部の領域に表示されている。これらにより、各職員４０が自身の行動内容の全体を容易に把握・確認することを可能とする電子マニュアルの役割を果たすことができる。また、その中で対象の職員４０が現在実行すべきタスクの実行を即時にガイドすることができる。   In the example of FIG. 4, the task (currently assigned task) that the target staff 40 (in the example of FIG. 4, the person in charge of the general affairs section regional safety team) should currently execute is highlighted in the series of tasks. (In the example of FIG. 4, the disaster countermeasure headquarters personnel gathered in a thick frame), the content of the task is displayed in the upper area of the screen. By these, each staff member 40 can play the role of an electronic manual that enables the user to easily grasp and confirm the entire content of his / her actions. In addition, it is possible to immediately guide the execution of the task to be executed by the target staff member 40 among them.

図５は、初動時の職員４０全体の行動内容を確認するための画面の例を示した図である。ここでは、初動モデルＤＢ１３に登録されている図３の例に示すようなワークフローの全体について、担当者毎に区分したシーケンス図のような形式で、一連のタスクの内容と流れを表示している。この画面は、例えば、総務課地域安全班の担当者など、初動時の一連のワークフローの管理者的な役割を有する担当者の職員端末４１上に表示され、当該担当者が全体を把握するために主に利用されるものである。   FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a screen for confirming the action content of the entire staff 40 at the time of initial movement. Here, the contents and flow of a series of tasks are displayed in the form of a sequence diagram divided for each person in charge for the entire workflow as shown in the example of FIG. 3 registered in the initial motion model DB 13. . This screen is displayed on the staff terminal 41 of a person in charge who has a managerial role in a series of workflows at the time of initial action, such as a person in charge of the general affairs section regional safety team, so that the person in charge understands the whole. It is mainly used for.

図６は、初動時の各職員４０の行動履歴を確認するための画面の例を示した図である。この画面は、例えば、上記の図５に示した画面との間で切り替えて表示する。ここでは、例えば、各職員４０についてそれぞれ、状況管理ＤＢ１５の内容に基づいて、実行したタスク毎にその内容と実行時のタイムスタンプの情報を表示する。図６の例では、実行されたタスクの時系列に従って上から下に向かって履歴が表示されている。ここで、例えば指示の送信と受信など、対応するタスク（図６の例では、要員の安否確認と参集指示送信のタスクと、安否確認・参集指示受信のタスクなど）については、同じ行で表示することで、視認性を向上させることができる。   FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a screen for confirming the action history of each staff member 40 at the time of initial movement. This screen is displayed by switching between the screen shown in FIG. 5 described above, for example. Here, for example, for each staff member 40, based on the contents of the situation management DB 15, the contents of the executed tasks and the time stamp information at the time of execution are displayed. In the example of FIG. 6, the history is displayed from the top to the bottom according to the time series of executed tasks. Here, for example, the corresponding tasks such as sending and receiving instructions (in the example of FIG. 6, the safety confirmation and gathering instruction transmission tasks of personnel, the safety confirmation and gathering instruction reception tasks, etc.) are displayed in the same line. By doing so, visibility can be improved.

以上に説明したように、本発明の一実施の形態である発災時初動支援キット１によれば、発災時の初動対応における災害対策本部の設置と避難所の開設、および防災マップの公開による住民への情報提供と誘導という一連の手順をワークフローとして定義した初動モデルを定義しておき、発災時にはこれに従ってワークフロー制御を行う。このように発災時における自治体の職員等の初動を支援することで、非常時における職員等の心理的負担を軽減することが可能となるとともに、地域住民への迅速かつ的確な対応が可能となる。   As described above, according to the initial response support kit 1 at the time of disaster which is one embodiment of the present invention, the installation of the disaster countermeasure headquarters and the opening of a shelter in the initial response at the time of the disaster, and the release of the disaster prevention map The initial action model that defines a series of procedures for providing information and guidance to residents as a workflow is defined, and the workflow is controlled according to this in the event of a disaster. In this way, by supporting the initial actions of local government staff at the time of the disaster, it will be possible to reduce the psychological burden of staff in the event of an emergency and to respond quickly and accurately to local residents Become.

以上、本発明者によってなされた発明を実施の形態に基づき具体的に説明したが、本発明は上記の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更可能であることはいうまでもない。例えば、上記の実施の形態は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。また、上記の実施の形態の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることが可能である。   As mentioned above, the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Needless to say. For example, the above-described embodiment has been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited to the one having all the configurations described. In addition, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of the above-described embodiment.

例えば、上記の実施の形態では災害として地震等の自然災害を想定した説明としているが、テロ等の人為的な行為による災害も対象とすることができることは当然である。   For example, in the above embodiment, the explanation is made assuming that a natural disaster such as an earthquake is assumed as a disaster, but it is natural that a disaster caused by an artificial act such as terrorism can also be targeted.

本発明は、発災時における自治体の初動での的確な対応を支援する発災時初動支援キットに利用可能である。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used in a disaster initial response support kit that supports an accurate response at the time of a disaster by the local government.

１…発災時初動支援キット、
１０…サーバシステム、１１…指揮連絡部、１２…防災マップ処理部、１３…初動モデルＤＢ、１４…体制ＤＢ、１５…状況管理ＤＢ、１６…防災マップＤＢ、
２０…ＢＣＰ対策インフラ、
３０…ネットワーク、
４０…職員、４１…職員端末、
５０…住民、５１…住民端末 1 ... Initial support kit at the time of disaster,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Server system, 11 ... Command communication part, 12 ... Disaster prevention map process part, 13 ... Initial movement model DB, 14 ... System management DB, 15 ... Situation management DB, 16 ... Disaster prevention map DB,
20 ... BCP countermeasure infrastructure,
30 ... Network,
40 ... Staff, 41 ... Staff terminal,
50 ... Resident, 51 ... Resident terminal

Claims (4)

発災時における自治体の初動での対応を支援する発災時初動支援キットであって、
前記自治体が地域防災計画の初動時に行うべき業務プロセスをワークフローとして定義した初動モデルを保持する初動モデル記録部と、
発災を検知した際に、前記初動モデルに基づいて前記自治体の対象の職員に対して前記ワークフローに含まれるタスクを割り当てるとともに、前記タスクを割り当てられた前記職員が保有する携帯端末に対してネットワークを介してその旨を通知し、前記タスクが完了した旨を前記携帯端末を介して取得する指揮連絡部と、
前記ワークフローの進捗状況に係る情報を保持する状況管理記録部と、を有する、発災時初動支援キット。 An initial disaster support kit that supports the initial response of local governments in the event of a disaster,
An initial movement model recording unit that retains an initial movement model in which the local government defines a business process to be performed at the initial movement of the regional disaster prevention plan as a workflow;
When a disaster is detected, a task included in the workflow is assigned to a staff member of the municipality based on the initial movement model, and a network is assigned to a portable terminal held by the staff member to which the task is assigned. A command and communication unit for notifying that via the mobile terminal and acquiring that the task has been completed via the mobile terminal;
A disaster management initial action support kit, comprising: a status management recording unit that holds information related to the progress status of the workflow. 請求項１に記載の発災時初動支援キットにおいて、
前記初動モデルは、
発災時に災害対策本部の設置要員である前記職員に対して安否確認および前記災害対策本部への参集の可否を問い合わせるタスクと、
前記災害対策本部の設置を指示するタスクと、
避難所開設を指示するタスクと、
避難所を開設するタスクと、を含む、発災時初動支援キット。 In the initial disaster support kit according to claim 1,
The initial motion model is
A task to confirm the safety of the staff, who is the staff of the disaster response headquarters at the time of the disaster, and whether to attend the disaster response headquarters,
A task for instructing the installation of the disaster response headquarters;
A task to instruct the establishment of a shelter,
An initial support kit at the time of a disaster, including the task of opening a shelter. 請求項２に記載の発災時初動支援キットにおいて、
さらに、前記自治体の対象地域の防災マップと、前記防災マップ上における前記避難所の候補および発災時に開設された前記避難所に係る情報をネットワークを介して前記対象地域に居住する住民に対して提供する防災マップ処理部を有し、
前記初動モデルは、さらに、発災時に開設された前記避難所に係る情報を含む前記防災マップを前記住民に対して公開するタスクを含む、発災時初動支援キット。 In the initial disaster support kit according to claim 2,
Furthermore, for the residents who live in the target area via the network, the disaster prevention map of the target area of the local government, the candidate for the refuge on the disaster prevention map and the information on the refuge opened at the time of the disaster Has a disaster prevention map processing department to provide,
The initial action model is an initial action support kit at the time of a disaster, further including a task of disclosing the disaster prevention map including information on the evacuation center opened at the time of the disaster to the residents. 請求項３に記載の発災時初動支援キットにおいて、
前記初動モデルは、さらに、発災時に開設された前記避難所における前記住民の受け入れ状況を入力するタスクを含む、発災時初動支援キット。 In the initial disaster support kit according to claim 3,
The initial action model is an initial action support kit at the time of disaster, further including a task of inputting the acceptance status of the residents at the evacuation shelter established at the time of the disaster.
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