JP2017021137A - Organ models - Google Patents
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- JP2017021137A JP2017021137A JP2015137676A JP2015137676A JP2017021137A JP 2017021137 A JP2017021137 A JP 2017021137A JP 2015137676 A JP2015137676 A JP 2015137676A JP 2015137676 A JP2015137676 A JP 2015137676A JP 2017021137 A JP2017021137 A JP 2017021137A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、手術用メス、手術用ナイフ、レーザーメス等の手術用器具による臓器の部分的な切除の手技訓練に使用することができる臓器モデルに関する。 The present invention relates to an organ model that can be used for technique training for partial excision of an organ with a surgical instrument such as a surgical knife, a surgical knife, or a laser knife.
従来、医療実習における臓器モデルとしては、ポリビニルアルコールからなる水性ゲルおよびシリカ粒子を含有する樹脂材料で成形されたものがある（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
このような臓器モデルでは、樹脂材料において、人体のような親水性を有しているため、切開等の手技訓練のときに、訓練を行う者である使用者に対して、生体臓器と同様の切削感や感触を与えることができ、手技訓練をするのに好適なものとされている。
Conventionally, as an organ model in medical practice, there is one that is molded from a resin material containing an aqueous gel made of polyvinyl alcohol and silica particles (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
In such an organ model, since the resin material has hydrophilicity like a human body, it is the same as that of a living organ for a user who is a person performing training at the time of procedure training such as incision. It can give a cutting feeling and feel, and is suitable for performing a technique training.
ところが、このような臓器モデルは、とても高価なものとなっており、例えば、手技訓練で損耗したとき、臓器モデル全部を一度の使用で廃棄・交換する場合もあり、コストが非常に高くなってしまう問題がある。
また、このような臓器モデルでは、部分的な切除の手技訓練で使用する場合に、切除を要する部分である切除部分と残す部分である残存部分との区別がなされず一体形成されている。そのため、手技訓練を実施する者である使用者は、手技訓練の指導を行う指導者の指示を受けても、切除部分と残存部分との区別を認識し難く、本来であれば切除部分であるにもかかわらず、その部分を残してしまうなど、適切な手技訓練をすることができないという問題がある。
さらに、部分的な切除の訓練後の臓器モデルを確認した場合、指導者と使用者との両者において、切除部分が全て切除されているか否かを容易に判断することができないという問題もある。つまり、このような臓器モデルを使用して手技訓練をしたとしても、指導者が望むような訓練の効果を奏することができない場合もあった。
However, such an organ model is very expensive. For example, when it is worn out by a procedure training, the entire organ model may be discarded and replaced in a single use, and the cost becomes very high. There is a problem.
Further, in such an organ model, when used in a partial excision procedure training, the excision part, which is a part that requires excision, is not distinguished from the remaining part, which is a part that is left, and is integrally formed. Therefore, a user who is a person who conducts a technique training is difficult to recognize the distinction between the excised part and the remaining part even when receiving instructions from the instructor who gives instruction for the technique training, and is originally an excised part. Nevertheless, there is a problem that proper technique training cannot be performed, such as leaving the part.
Further, when an organ model after partial excision training is confirmed, there is a problem that it is difficult for both the instructor and the user to easily determine whether or not all excision parts have been excised. In other words, even if a technique training is performed using such an organ model, the training effect desired by the instructor may not be achieved.
本発明は、こうした問題に鑑みなされたもので、手術用器具での部分的な切除の手技訓練で使用する臓器モデルであって、再利用が可能で、医療実習における手技訓練の効果を向上し得る臓器モデルを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of these problems, and is an organ model that is used in partial excision procedure training with a surgical instrument, and can be reused to improve the effectiveness of procedure training in medical practice. An object is to provide an organ model to be obtained.
この欄においては、発明に対する理解を容易にするため、必要に応じて「発明を実施するための形態」欄において用いた符号を付すが、この符号によって請求の範囲を限定することを意味するものではない。 In this column, in order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the reference numerals used in the “Mode for Carrying Out the Invention” column are attached as necessary, which means that the scope of claims is limited by this reference numeral. is not.
上記「発明が解決しようとする課題」において述べた問題を解決するためになされた臓器モデル（１）は、第１部材（１０）、第２部材（２０）を備えている。
第１部材（１０）は、手技訓練における切除行為によって、切除される部分であってマーキング（１４）された切除部（１２）及び切除行為によって残存する部分である残存部（１７）とが形成された第１部材（１０）とを形成したものである。
第２部材（２０）は、第１部材（１０）が着脱可能に嵌め込まれる嵌込部（２５）が形成され、第１部材（１０）が嵌込部（２５）に嵌め込まれた場合に、一体となって所定の臓器の外形形状に模した形状とされるものである。
An organ model (1) made in order to solve the problem described in the above “problem to be solved by the invention” includes a first member (10) and a second member (20).
The first member (10) is formed by a resection portion (12) that is a portion to be excised and marked (14) by a resection act in the procedure training and a remaining portion (17) that is a portion remaining by the resection act. The formed first member (10) is formed.
When the fitting part (25) into which the first member (10) is detachably fitted is formed and the first member (10) is fitted into the fitting part (25), the second member (20) The shape is integrated with the shape of a predetermined organ.
このような臓器モデル（１）では、手技訓練の切除が施されるのは、第１部材（１０）に対してのみであり、第２部材（２０）においては第１部材（１０）が着脱可能に嵌め込まれる嵌込部（２５）が形成されている。したがって、切除の手技訓練後の損耗した第１部材（１０）のみを取り除き、新しい別の第１部材を嵌め込むことによって、再度の手技訓練に使用することができる。 In such an organ model (1), the excision of the procedure training is performed only on the first member (10), and the first member (10) is attached and detached on the second member (20). A fitting part (25) to be fitted is formed. Therefore, only the worn first member (10) after the excision procedure training is removed, and a new different first member is fitted, so that it can be used for another procedure training.
つまり、モデル全体を取り換えることなく、第１部材（１０）のみの取り換えといった作業にて、臓器モデル（１）の再利用をすることができる。
また、第１部材（１０）において、切除部（１２）がマーキング（１４）されているため、部分的な切除の手技訓練にて利用する場合に、使用者は、切除部（１２）と残存部（１７）とを容易に判別することができる。
That is, the organ model (1) can be reused by replacing only the first member (10) without replacing the entire model.
In addition, since the excision part (12) is marked (14) in the first member (10), when used in a partial excision technique training, the user remains with the excision part (12). The part (17) can be easily distinguished.
したがって、使用者は、部分的な切除の手技訓練において、このような臓器モデル（１）を利用すれば、切除を要する部分を適切に切除することが可能となり、手技の技術力を向上させ得る訓練をすることができる。 Therefore, if the user uses such an organ model (1) in partial excision technique training, the user can appropriately excise the part that requires excision, and the technical skill of the technique can be improved. Can train.
また、請求項２に記載のように、切除部（６２）において、残存部（６７）とは異なる彩色が施されていると、切除の手技訓練を実施した後の第１部材（６０）において、切除部（６２）と同色の部分が残っているか否かを確認することで、適切な切除が行われたか否かを容易に確認することができる。 Further, as described in claim 2, when the cut portion (62) is colored differently from the remaining portion (67), in the first member (60) after performing excision technique training By confirming whether or not the same color portion as the excision portion (62) remains, it can be easily confirmed whether or not appropriate excision has been performed.
そのため、このような臓器モデルを利用すれば、例えば、適切な切除が行われていないことが確認できた場合、使用者は引き続きの切除の手技訓練を行うことができたり、指導者は引き続きの訓練を指導したりできるため、手技訓練の効果を向上し得る訓練ができることとなる。 Therefore, if such an organ model is used, for example, if it is confirmed that appropriate excision has not been performed, the user can continue to perform excision technique training, or the instructor can continue Since training can be instructed, training that can improve the effectiveness of the technique training can be performed.
さらに、請求項３に記載のように、第１部材（１０）と第２部材（２０）とは異なる樹脂材料で形成されており、第２部材（２０）は、第１部材（１０）を形成する樹脂材料に比べて硬度の高い樹脂材料で形成されている。 Furthermore, as described in claim 3, the first member (10) and the second member (20) are formed of different resin materials, and the second member (20) It is formed of a resin material having higher hardness than the resin material to be formed.
このようにすると、第１部材と第２部材とが同じ硬度のものである場合に比べて、軟らかい第１部材（１０）を硬い第２部材（２０）から着脱するといった第１部材（１０）のみの取り換え作業が容易となる。
またさらに、請求項４に記載のように、第１部材（１０）を形成する樹脂材料を、ウレタンゲル材とすると、第１部材（１０）の硬さ、弾性などの触感が実物の臓器に近いものとなり、臓器の模擬度が向上するため、切除訓練の効果を向上させることができる。
In this case, the first member (10) is such that the soft first member (10) is attached to and detached from the hard second member (20) as compared with the case where the first member and the second member have the same hardness. The replacement work only becomes easy.
Furthermore, as described in claim 4, when the resin material forming the first member (10) is a urethane gel material, the feel of the first member (10) such as hardness and elasticity is applied to a real organ. Since it becomes near and the degree of simulation of an organ improves, the effect of excision training can be improved.
以下、本発明が適用された実施形態について図面を用いて説明する。なお、本発明の実施の形態は、下記の実施形態に何ら限定されることはなく、本発明の技術的範囲に属する限り種々の形態を採りうる。 Embodiments to which the present invention is applied will be described below with reference to the drawings. The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment, and can take various forms as long as they belong to the technical scope of the present invention.
［第１実施形態］
図１は、本発明が適用された臓器モデル１の概略の構成を示す図であり、図１（ａ）は正面図、図１（ｂ）は側面図である。
[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an organ model 1 to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 1A is a front view and FIG. 1B is a side view.
図１（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、臓器モデル１は、第１部材１０と第２部材２０とから構成されている。第１部材１０と第２部材２０とは、後述する第２部材２０の嵌込部２５に第１部材１０が着脱可能に嵌め込まれることで、一体になって人体の肝臓の外形形状に模した形状となる。また、使用者にとって手技訓練を実施しやすいような臓器モデル１の姿勢を保つための台座２２が、第２部材２０の背面に設けられている。 As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the organ model 1 includes a first member 10 and a second member 20. The 1st member 10 and the 2nd member 20 imitated the external shape of the liver of the human body by uniting the 1st member 10 so that attachment or detachment is possible in fitting part 25 of the 2nd member 20 mentioned below. It becomes a shape. A pedestal 22 for maintaining the posture of the organ model 1 so that the user can easily perform the technique training is provided on the back surface of the second member 20.
次に、図２を用いて、第１部材１０について説明する。図２は、臓器モデル１の第１部材１０の外観図であり、図２（ａ）は正面図、図２（ｂ）は側面図である。
図２（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、第１部材１０は、樹脂材料（例えば、シリコーンやウレタンゲル）が茶色に着色されたものを素材として、所定の厚みを有するとともに、第２部材２０と一体になって肝臓を模した外形形状となるような形状に成形されたものである。
Next, the first member 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 2A and 2B are external views of the first member 10 of the organ model 1, in which FIG. 2A is a front view and FIG. 2B is a side view.
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the first member 10 has a predetermined thickness using a resin material (for example, silicone or urethane gel) colored brown, and has a second thickness. It is formed into a shape that is integrated with the member 20 and has an outer shape that imitates the liver.
また、第１部材１０には、レーザーメス等の手術用器具を利用した部分的な切除の手技訓練において、切除を要する部分である切除部１２と、残す部分である残存部１７とが形成されている。 Further, in the first member 10, in a partial excision technique training using a surgical instrument such as a laser scalpel, an excision portion 12 that is a portion that requires excision and a remaining portion 17 that is a portion that remains are formed. ing.
さらに、切除部１２には、切除部１２と残存部１７との境界としての目印である白線の円形のマーキング１４が施されている。またさらに、残存部１７の側面には、周面上にくびれ部１９が形成され、第１部材１０が後述する第２部材２０の嵌込部２５に嵌め込まれた場合に、第２部材２０と係止される部分となる。 Further, the cut portion 12 is provided with a white marking 14 as a mark as a boundary between the cut portion 12 and the remaining portion 17. Furthermore, a constricted portion 19 is formed on the side surface of the remaining portion 17 on the peripheral surface, and when the first member 10 is fitted into a fitting portion 25 of the second member 20 described later, It becomes the part to be locked.
次に、図３を用いて、第２部材２０について説明する。図３は、臓器モデル１の第２部材２０の外観図であり、図３（ａ）は正面図、図３（ｂ）は側面図である。
図３（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、第２部材２０は、第１部材１０の樹脂材料に比べて硬度の高い樹脂材料（例えば、ＡＢＳ樹脂や硬質ウレタン樹脂）が濃茶色に着色されたもの素材として、第１部材１０と一体になって肝臓を模した外形形状となるような形状に成形されたものである。
Next, the second member 20 will be described with reference to FIG. 3A and 3B are external views of the second member 20 of the organ model 1, in which FIG. 3A is a front view and FIG. 3B is a side view.
As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the second member 20 has a resin material (for example, ABS resin or hard urethane resin) having a higher hardness than the resin material of the first member 10 colored in dark brown. The formed material is formed into a shape that is integrated with the first member 10 and has an external shape that simulates the liver.
また、第２部材２０は、所定の肉厚を有した中空の構造であり、所定の形状に切り欠かれた嵌込部２５が形成されている。第１部材１０を第２部材２０の嵌込部２５に嵌め込むときには、第１部材１０のくびれ部１９と第２部材２０の嵌込部２５の枠部分とが係止されるまで、第１部材１０の背面部分を第２部材２０の嵌込部２５から押し込むことで、第１部材１０と第２部材２０とが一体となる。 The second member 20 has a hollow structure having a predetermined thickness, and is formed with a fitting portion 25 cut out in a predetermined shape. When the first member 10 is fitted into the fitting portion 25 of the second member 20, the first member 10 is locked until the constricted portion 19 of the first member 10 and the frame portion of the fitting portion 25 of the second member 20 are locked. The first member 10 and the second member 20 are integrated with each other by pushing the back surface portion of the member 10 from the fitting portion 25 of the second member 20.
（臓器モデル１の特徴）
以上のような臓器モデル１では、第１部材１０における切除部１２においてマーキング１４が施されているため、使用者は、切除部１２と残存部１７との区別を容易に判別して、切除部１２のみを切除することが可能となり、適切な手技訓練をすることができる。
(Characteristics of organ model 1)
In the organ model 1 as described above, since the marking 14 is provided on the excision portion 12 of the first member 10, the user can easily discriminate the distinction between the excision portion 12 and the remaining portion 17, and the excision portion Only 12 can be excised, and appropriate procedure training can be performed.
また、第２部材２０には、第１部材１０が着脱可能に嵌め込まれる嵌込部２５が形成されているため、使用後の損耗した第１部材１０を取り外し、別の新しい第１部材を嵌め込むことによって、臓器モデル１全体を取り換えることなく、再度の利用をすることができる。 Moreover, since the fitting part 25 in which the 1st member 10 is detachably fitted is formed in the 2nd member 20, the worn-out 1st member 10 after use is removed, and another new 1st member is fitted. In other words, the entire organ model 1 can be used again without replacing it.
さらに、例えば、第１部材１０を取り換えるときに、使用者は、第１部材１０を変形させて、第１部材１０のくびれ部１９を第２部材２０の嵌込部２５に係止させて第１部材１０を第２部材２０に嵌め込んだり、その係止を解いて、第１部材１０を第２部材２０から取り外したりする作業をすることとなる。 Further, for example, when replacing the first member 10, the user deforms the first member 10 to lock the constricted portion 19 of the first member 10 with the fitting portion 25 of the second member 20. The operation of inserting the first member 10 into the second member 20 or releasing the locking of the first member 10 from the second member 20 is performed.
ここで、第２部材２０は、第１部材１０を形成する樹脂材料に比べて硬度の高い樹脂材料で形成されているため、第１部材１０と第２部材２０とが同じ硬度のものである場合に比べて、第１部材１０のみの取り換え作業が容易となる。 Here, since the second member 20 is formed of a resin material having a higher hardness than the resin material forming the first member 10, the first member 10 and the second member 20 have the same hardness. Compared to the case, the replacement work of only the first member 10 is facilitated.
またさらに、第１部材１０を形成する樹脂材料を、ウレタンゲル材とすると、第１部材１０の硬さ、弾性などの触感が実物の臓器に近いものとなり、臓器の模擬度が向上するため、切除の手技訓練の効果を向上させることができる。 Furthermore, if the resin material forming the first member 10 is a urethane gel material, the feel of the first member 10 such as hardness and elasticity is close to that of a real organ, and the degree of simulation of the organ is improved. The effect of excision technique training can be improved.
［第２実施形態］
次に、切除部６２に彩色を施した第１部材６０を備える第２実施形態について説明する。なお、第２実施形態では、切除部６２に彩色を施したことを除けば第１実施形態の臓器モデル１と同じであるため、第２部材についての説明を省略する。
[Second Embodiment]
Next, 2nd Embodiment provided with the 1st member 60 which colored the cut part 62 is described. The second embodiment is the same as the organ model 1 of the first embodiment except that the excision part 62 is colored, and therefore the description of the second member is omitted.
図４は、第２実施形態における第１部材６０の概略を示す外観図であり、図４（ａ）は正面図、図４（ｂ）は側面図である。
第１部材６０の切除部６２は、図４（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、残存部６７とは異なる彩色（例えば、残存部６７を茶色、切除部６２は桃色。）を施しており、特に、図４（ｂ）の点線部も含めて、第１部材６０の表面および厚み方向の内部にも彩色が施されている。
FIGS. 4A and 4B are external views schematically showing the first member 60 in the second embodiment. FIG. 4A is a front view and FIG. 4B is a side view.
As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the cut portion 62 of the first member 60 is colored differently from the remaining portion 67 (for example, the remaining portion 67 is brown and the cut portion 62 is pink). In particular, the surface of the first member 60 and the inside in the thickness direction are also colored, including the dotted line portion of FIG.
ここで、本実施形態の第１部材６０に対し切除の手技訓練を施した場合について、図５に基づき説明する。図５（ａ）は第１部材６０の断面図、図５（ｂ）は切除の手技訓練にて使用後の第１部材６０の状態を示した外観図である。 Here, the case where excision technique training is performed on the first member 60 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of the first member 60, and FIG. 5B is an external view showing the state of the first member 60 after use in excision technique training.
切除の手技訓練において、使用者は、図５（ａ）の一点鎖線１００に沿って円錐状に切除した場合、図５（ｂ）示すように、切除を施した後の第１部材６０において、切除部６２の彩色と同色（例えば、桃色。）の部分を目視することができる。これは、切除の手技訓練によって、切除部６２における切除できなかった部分６３である。 In the excision technique training, when the user cuts in a conical shape along the alternate long and short dash line 100 in FIG. 5A, as shown in FIG. 5B, in the first member 60 after cutting, A portion having the same color (for example, pink) as the coloring of the cut portion 62 can be visually observed. This is a portion 63 that could not be excised in the excision 62 by excision technique training.
以上のような臓器モデルでは、切除部６２において、残存部６７とは異なる彩色が施されていると、切除の手技訓練を実施した後の第１部材６０において、切除部６２と同色の彩色が施された部分が残っているか否かを確認することで、切除部６２の全てを切除できたか否かを確認できる。したがって、使用者および指導者は、適切な切除が行われたか否かを容易に確認することができる。 In the organ model as described above, if the resection part 62 is colored differently from the remaining part 67, the first member 60 after the resection technique training has the same color as the resection part 62. By confirming whether or not the applied part remains, it can be confirmed whether or not all of the excision part 62 has been excised. Therefore, the user and the instructor can easily confirm whether or not appropriate excision has been performed.
このように切除を要するにもかかわらず切除できなかった部分６３が残っている場合には、使用者は再度の切除の手技訓練を引き続き行うことができ、指導者は使用者に対する再度の指導を行うことができる。 When the portion 63 that cannot be removed despite the need for resection remains in this way, the user can continue to perform resection technique training, and the instructor performs reinstruction to the user. be able to.
［その他の実施形態］
（１）上記の第１実施形態では、マーキング１４を円形としたが、実際の医療における様々なケースを想定した上での種々の臓器モデルにすべく、例えば、楕円形状や不定形状としてもよいし、複数のマーキングを施してもよい。
[Other Embodiments]
(1) In the first embodiment described above, the marking 14 is circular. However, in order to obtain various organ models on the assumption of various cases in actual medical treatment, for example, an oval shape or an indefinite shape may be used. A plurality of markings may be applied.
（２）上記の第２実施形態では、切除部６２の彩色を表面および内部に施すとしたが、実際の医療における様々なケースを想定して、例えば、表面には彩色しないで、内部の所定部分に彩色を施すとしてもよい。
この場合、指導者は、使用者に対する手技訓練の事前説明として、断面図等を使用して切除部の位置の確認を行うなどすれば、適切な手技訓練となるように指導することができる。また、使用者は、表面に彩色が施されていて容易に切除部を判別できる場合に比べ、表面の目視により切除部を判別できないため、より高度な手技訓練を実施できる。
(2) In the second embodiment described above, the coloring of the excision part 62 is applied to the surface and the inside. However, assuming various cases in actual medical care, for example, the surface is not colored and the internal predetermined Coloring may be applied to the part.
In this case, the instructor can instruct the user to have an appropriate technique training by confirming the position of the excision part using a cross-sectional view or the like as a prior explanation of the technique training for the user. In addition, the user can perform more advanced technique training because the user cannot distinguish the excision part by visual inspection of the surface, compared to the case where the surface is colored and the excision part can be easily discriminated.
（３）上記実施形態では、臓器モデル１の外形形状を肝臓に模した形状としたが、人体の様々な臓器の形状としてもよい。 (3) In the above embodiment, the external shape of the organ model 1 is a shape imitating the liver, but it may be the shape of various organs of the human body.
１… 臓器モデル、１０，６０… 第１部材、１２，６２… 切除部、１４…マーキング、１７，６７…残存部、１９，６９…くびれ部、２０… 第２部材、２２…台座、２５…嵌込部。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Organ model 10, 60 ... 1st member, 12, 62 ... Excision part, 14 ... Marking, 17, 67 ... Remaining part, 19, 69 ... Constriction part, 20 ... 2nd member, 22 ... Base, 25 ... Insertion part.
Claims (4)
前記第１部材が着脱可能に嵌め込まれる嵌込部が形成され、前記第１部材が前記嵌込部に嵌め込まれた場合に、一体となって所定の臓器の外形形状に模した形状とされる第２部材と
を備えたことを特徴とする臓器モデル。 A first member in which a resection portion that is a part to be excised and marked by a resection act in medical procedure training and a remaining part that is a part remaining by the resection act are formed;
When the fitting portion into which the first member is detachably fitted is formed and the first member is fitted into the fitting portion, the shape is integrated with the outer shape of a predetermined organ. An organ model comprising: a second member.
前記切除部は、前記残存部とは異なる彩色が施されることによって、マーキングされていることを特徴とする臓器モデル。 The organ model according to claim 1,
The organ model is characterized in that the excision portion is marked by being colored differently from the remaining portion.
前記第１部材は、第１の樹脂材料で形成されており、
前記第２部材は、前記第１の樹脂材料に比べて硬質の第２の樹脂材料で形成されていることを特徴とする臓器モデル。 In the organ model according to claim 1 or 2,
The first member is formed of a first resin material,
The organ model, wherein the second member is formed of a second resin material that is harder than the first resin material.
前記第１部材を形成する前記第１の樹脂材料は、ウレタンゲル材であることを特徴とする臓器モデル。 The organ model according to claim 3,
The organ model, wherein the first resin material forming the first member is a urethane gel material.
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