JP2016215777A - Free wheel hub mechanism - Google Patents

Free wheel hub mechanism Download PDF

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JP2016215777A
JP2016215777A JP2015101847A JP2015101847A JP2016215777A JP 2016215777 A JP2016215777 A JP 2016215777A JP 2015101847 A JP2015101847 A JP 2015101847A JP 2015101847 A JP2015101847 A JP 2015101847A JP 2016215777 A JP2016215777 A JP 2016215777A
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operation piece
driven
wheel drive
wheel
axial direction
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JP6539496B2 (en
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佐藤　光司
Koji Sato
光司 佐藤
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NTN Corp
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NTN Toyo Bearing Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To manually perform a switching operation even if a free wheel hub mechanism of a four-wheel device vehicle cannot perform automatically the switching of the connection and disconnection of driven-side wheels and driven-side axles.SOLUTION: One end part of a cylindrical operation piece 38 which opposes an axial end part 11a of a front-side axle (driven-side axle) 11 in an axial direction is fit into an attachment hole 37 formed at a hub housing 17 so as to be turnable, a sleeve 41 which is slidably fit into an external periphery of the operation piece 38 at the other side is slidably and non-rotatably supported to the operation piece 38, an engagement groove 41b which obliquely extends to the axial direction is formed at the sleeve 41, a pin 43 which is inserted into the engagement groove 41b of the sleeve 41 is arranged at the operation piece 38, and a slide gear 19 attached to the front-side axle 11 can be engaged with an outer gear 18 attached to a front wheel (driven-side wheel) 13, or released therefrom by moving the sleeve 41 to the axial direction by manually turning the operation piece 38.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

本発明は、４輪駆動車の４輪駆動状態と２輪駆動状態との切り替えに連動して、従動側車輪と従動側車軸の接続と切断との切り替えを行うフリーホイールハブ機構に関する。   The present invention relates to a freewheel hub mechanism that switches between connection and disconnection of a driven wheel and a driven axle in conjunction with switching between a four-wheel drive state and a two-wheel drive state of a four-wheel drive vehicle.

一般的な４輪駆動車は、その駆動源となるエンジンから変速機を介して出力される駆動力を主動側（ＦＲベースでは後側）のプロペラ軸と従動側（ＦＲベースでは前側）のプロペラ軸とに分配するトランスファを備え、そのトランスファによって２輪駆動（２ＷＤ）状態と４輪駆動（４ＷＤ）状態との切り替えを行うようにしている。   In a typical four-wheel drive vehicle, the driving force output from the engine that is the driving source via the transmission is transmitted to the propeller shaft on the main driving side (rear side on the FR base) and the propeller on the driven side (front side on the FR base). A transfer distributed to the shaft is provided, and switching between the two-wheel drive (2WD) state and the four-wheel drive (4WD) state is performed by the transfer.

すなわち、２輪駆動状態で走行しようとするときは、トランスファが駆動力を主動側プロペラ軸のみに伝達することにより、主動側プロペラ軸に連結される主動側車軸を介して主動側車輪のみを駆動し、４輪駆動状態で走行しようとするときは、トランスファが駆動力を主動側プロペラ軸と従動側プロペラ軸に分配して伝達することにより、主動側車輪を駆動すると同時に、従動側プロペラ軸に連結される従動側車軸を介して従動側車輪も駆動するようになっている。   In other words, when driving in a two-wheel drive state, the transfer transmits driving force only to the main propeller shaft so that only the main wheels are driven via the main axle connected to the main propeller shaft. When driving in a four-wheel drive state, the transfer distributes the driving force to the driving-side propeller shaft and the driven-side propeller shaft to transmit the driving-side wheel, and at the same time to the driven-side propeller shaft. The driven wheel is also driven through the connected driven axle.

ここで、２輪駆動状態で走行しているときに、従動側車輪と従動側車軸とが接続された状態にあると、従動側車輪の回転によって従動側車軸および従動側プロペラ軸が回転することになるため、走行抵抗が増大してエネルギが無駄に消費されることになる。   Here, when the vehicle is traveling in a two-wheel drive state, if the driven wheel and the driven axle are connected, the driven axle and the driven propeller shaft are rotated by the rotation of the driven wheel. Therefore, running resistance increases and energy is wasted.

このため、最近の４輪駆動車には、従動側車輪と従動側車軸との間に、従動側車輪と従動側車軸の接続と切断との切り替えを行うフリーホイールハブ機構を設け、２輪駆動状態で走行しようとするときは、従動側車輪を従動側車軸から切り離してフリー状態とすることにより、従動側車軸および従動側プロペラ軸が回転しないようにして無駄なエネルギ消費をなくし、４輪駆動状態で走行しようとするときには、従動側車輪と従動側車軸とを接続して、駆動力が従動側車輪に伝達されるようにしたものが多い。   For this reason, a recent four-wheel drive vehicle is provided with a free wheel hub mechanism for switching between connection and disconnection of the driven wheel and the driven axle between the driven wheel and the driven axle. When driving in a state, the driven-side wheel is separated from the driven-side axle so as to be in a free state, so that the driven-side axle and the driven-side propeller shaft are prevented from rotating, and wasteful energy consumption is eliminated. When trying to travel in a state, the driven wheel and the driven axle are often connected so that the driving force is transmitted to the driven wheel.

例えば、特許文献１で提案されているフリーホイールハブ機構は、図９に示すように、従動側車軸５１の軸端部５１ａの径方向外側に、従動側車輪５２の一部を構成するホイールハブ５３を従動側車軸５１と相対回転可能に配し、ホイールハブ５３の軸方向外側にボルト５４で固定したハブハウジング５５の内部に、ホイールハブ５３およびハブハウジング５５と一体に回転するアウタギヤ５６と、従動側車軸５１の軸端部５１ａにスライド自在かつ相対回転不能に嵌合し、アウタギヤ５６と噛合可能なスライドギヤ５７と、スライドギヤ５７に連結され、ハブハウジング５５の内部を２輪駆動側負圧室５８と４輪駆動側負圧室５９とに仕切るダイヤフラム６０とを設けたものである。   For example, the freewheel hub mechanism proposed in Patent Document 1 is a wheel hub that forms a part of the driven wheel 52 on the radially outer side of the shaft end portion 51a of the driven axle 51 as shown in FIG. 53, an outer gear 56 that rotates integrally with the wheel hub 53 and the hub housing 55, and is disposed in a hub housing 55 that is disposed so as to be rotatable relative to the driven-side axle 51 and is fixed to the outer side in the axial direction of the wheel hub 53 with bolts 54. The shaft end 51a of the driven-side axle 51 is slidably and relatively non-rotatably fitted, is connected to the slide gear 57 that can mesh with the outer gear 56, and the slide gear 57. The inside of the hub housing 55 is negative on the two-wheel drive side. A diaphragm 60 is provided for partitioning into a pressure chamber 58 and a four-wheel drive negative pressure chamber 59.

前記従動側車軸５１の軸端部５１ａの外周には筒状のスピンドル６１が相対回転自在に嵌め込まれており、このスピンドル６１の一端部が図示省略した車体に固定され、スピンドル６１とホイールハブ５３との間には軸受６２が組み込まれている。これにより、従動側車軸５１とホイールハブ５３とが互いに独立して回転自在に支持されている。   A cylindrical spindle 61 is fitted on the outer periphery of the shaft end 51a of the driven-side axle 51 so as to be relatively rotatable. One end of the spindle 61 is fixed to a vehicle body (not shown), and the spindle 61 and the wheel hub 53 are fixed. Between the two, a bearing 62 is incorporated. As a result, the driven-side axle 51 and the wheel hub 53 are rotatably supported independently of each other.

前記車体に固定されたスピンドル６１には、各負圧室５８、５９にそれぞれ連通される負圧ポート６３が設けられており、各負圧ポート６３はパイプ６４で図示省略した負圧ポンプに接続されている。   The spindle 61 fixed to the vehicle body is provided with a negative pressure port 63 communicating with each of the negative pressure chambers 58 and 59, and each negative pressure port 63 is connected to a negative pressure pump (not shown) by a pipe 64. Has been.

前記アウタギヤ５６は、その内周にスライドギヤ５７の外周の歯と噛み合う内歯が形成されており、外周部でハブハウジング５５の内周にスプライン結合している。また、前記スライドギヤ５７は、その内周部で従動側車軸５１の軸端部５１ａのスピンドル６１から突出している部分の外周にスプライン結合している。   The outer gear 56 has inner teeth that engage with the outer teeth of the slide gear 57 on its inner periphery, and is splined to the inner periphery of the hub housing 55 at the outer periphery. The slide gear 57 is splined to the outer periphery of the portion of the shaft end portion 51a of the driven-side axle 51 protruding from the spindle 61 at the inner periphery thereof.

前記ダイヤフラム６０は、中央部を外側補強板６５と内側補強板６６とで挟持され、外周部を筒状の支持部材６７とダイヤフラムカバー６８とで挟持されている。その外側補強板６５と内側補強板６６は、鋼板のプレス成形品からなり、ダイヤフラム６０の中央を貫通するリベット６９の加締めによってダイヤフラム６０と一体化されている。また、内側補強板６６は、スライドギヤ５７の歯よりも軸方向外側の部分にスライド不能かつ相対回転可能に取り付けられている（以下、この取付状態を「軸方向で連結」ともいう。）。そして、ダイヤフラムカバー６８はその外周部を支持部材６７の外周の軸方向外側部分に固定され、支持部材６７はその外周の軸方向内側部分でハブハウジング５５の内周にスプライン結合している。   The diaphragm 60 is sandwiched between an outer reinforcing plate 65 and an inner reinforcing plate 66 at the center, and is sandwiched between a cylindrical support member 67 and a diaphragm cover 68 at the outer peripheral portion. The outer reinforcing plate 65 and the inner reinforcing plate 66 are made of a steel plate press-molded product, and are integrated with the diaphragm 60 by caulking a rivet 69 that passes through the center of the diaphragm 60. The inner reinforcing plate 66 is attached to a portion outside the teeth in the axial direction with respect to the teeth of the slide gear 57 so as not to be slidable and relatively rotatable (hereinafter, this attached state is also referred to as “coupled in the axial direction”). The outer periphery of the diaphragm cover 68 is fixed to the outer periphery of the support member 67 in the axial direction, and the support member 67 is splined to the inner periphery of the hub housing 55 at the outer periphery in the axial direction.

前記ダイヤフラムカバー６８には、外側補強板６５を軸方向に吸引する環状の磁石７０が取り付けられ、ダイヤフラムカバー６８と外側補強板６５との間には、外側補強板６５をスライドギヤ５７側へ付勢するコイルばね７１が組み込まれている。   An annular magnet 70 for attracting the outer reinforcing plate 65 in the axial direction is attached to the diaphragm cover 68, and the outer reinforcing plate 65 is attached to the slide gear 57 side between the diaphragm cover 68 and the outer reinforcing plate 65. An energizing coil spring 71 is incorporated.

そして、４輪駆動車を２輪駆動状態で走行させるときは、一方の負圧ポート６３を介して２輪駆動側負圧室５８を減圧してダイヤフラム６０を弾性変形させることにより、ダイヤフラム６０に軸方向で連結されたスライドギヤ５７をアウタギヤ５６との噛合が解除される位置まで移動させて、従動側車輪５２と従動側車軸５１とを切り離し（図９の状態）、４輪駆動状態で走行させるときには、他方の負圧ポート６３を介して４輪駆動側負圧室５９を減圧してダイヤフラム６０を弾性変形させることにより、スライドギヤ５７をアウタギヤ５６と噛み合う位置まで移動させて、従動側車輪５２と従動側車軸５１とを接続するようにしている（図１０の状態）。   When a four-wheel drive vehicle is driven in a two-wheel drive state, the diaphragm 60 is elastically deformed by reducing the pressure of the two-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber 58 via one negative pressure port 63, so that the diaphragm 60 The slide gear 57 connected in the axial direction is moved to a position where the meshing with the outer gear 56 is released, and the driven wheel 52 and the driven axle 51 are separated (the state shown in FIG. 9), and the vehicle runs in a four-wheel drive state. When the four-wheel drive-side negative pressure chamber 59 is decompressed via the other negative pressure port 63 and the diaphragm 60 is elastically deformed, the slide gear 57 is moved to a position where it meshes with the outer gear 56 to drive the driven wheel. 52 and the driven-side axle 51 are connected (state shown in FIG. 10).

ここで、上記２輪駆動状態においては、図９に示すように、ダイヤフラム６０の外側補強板６５がダイヤフラムカバー６８に取り付けられた磁石７０に吸引されることにより、ダイヤフラム６０に軸方向で連結されたスライドギヤ５７がアウタギヤ５６と切り離された位置で保持され、上記４輪駆動状態では、図１０に示すように、外側補強板６５がダイヤフラムカバー６８との間に組み込まれたコイルばね７１に押されることにより、スライドギヤ５７がアウタギヤ５６と噛み合う位置で保持されるようになっている。すなわち、２輪駆動状態では磁石７０の吸引力の方がコイルばね７１の弾性力よりも大きく、４輪駆動状態ではコイルばね７１の弾性力の方が磁石７０の吸引力よりも大きくなるように設定されている。   Here, in the two-wheel drive state, as shown in FIG. 9, the outer reinforcing plate 65 of the diaphragm 60 is attracted to the magnet 70 attached to the diaphragm cover 68, thereby being connected to the diaphragm 60 in the axial direction. The slide gear 57 is held at a position separated from the outer gear 56. In the four-wheel drive state, the outer reinforcing plate 65 is pushed by the coil spring 71 incorporated between the diaphragm cover 68 and the outer peripheral plate 65 as shown in FIG. As a result, the slide gear 57 is held at a position where the slide gear 57 meshes with the outer gear 56. That is, the attractive force of the magnet 70 is larger than the elastic force of the coil spring 71 in the two-wheel drive state, and the elastic force of the coil spring 71 is larger than the attractive force of the magnet 70 in the four-wheel drive state. Is set.

特開平１０−２７８６２１号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-278621

上記特許文献１のフリーホイールハブ機構では、トランスファによる４輪駆動状態と２輪駆動状態との切り替えに連動して、自動的に従動側車輪と従動側車軸の接続と切断との切り替えが行われるようにしている。   In the free wheel hub mechanism disclosed in Patent Document 1, the connection between the four-wheel drive state and the two-wheel drive state by transfer is automatically switched between connection and disconnection of the driven wheel and the driven axle. I am doing so.

ところが、このフリーホイールハブ機構の切替動作は負圧を利用したものであるため、その負圧を発生させる（２輪駆動側負圧室または４輪駆動側負圧室を減圧する）負圧ポンプの故障や、負圧ポンプとフリーホイールハブ機構の負圧ポートとを接続するパイプの亀裂等の不具合が発生した場合、従動側車輪と従動側車軸の接続と切断との切り替えができなくなるという問題があった。   However, since the switching operation of the free wheel hub mechanism uses negative pressure, a negative pressure pump that generates the negative pressure (depressurizes the two-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber or the four-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber). Problems such as failure of the pipe or cracks in the pipe connecting the negative pressure pump and the negative pressure port of the freewheel hub mechanism, it becomes impossible to switch between connection and disconnection of the driven wheel and the driven axle was there.

フリーホイールハブ機構が切替動作を行えなくなると、トランスファが２輪駆動状態としても、従動側車輪と従動側車軸とが接続されたまま、エネルギを無駄に消費しながら走行することになったり、トランスファが４輪駆動状態としても、従動側車輪と従動側車軸とを接続できず、２輪駆動のまま走行せざるをえなくなったりする。   If the freewheel hub mechanism cannot perform the switching operation, even if the transfer is in a two-wheel drive state, the driven wheel and the driven axle are connected and the vehicle is traveling while consuming energy wastefully. However, even in the four-wheel drive state, the driven-side wheel and the driven-side axle cannot be connected, and it is forced to travel with two-wheel drive.

そこで、本発明は、４輪駆動車のフリーホイールハブ機構が従動側車輪と従動側車軸の接続と切断との切り替えを自動的に行えなくなっても、その切替動作を手動で行えるようにすることを課題とする。   Therefore, the present invention enables manual switching operation even when the freewheel hub mechanism of a four-wheel drive vehicle cannot automatically switch between connection and disconnection of a driven wheel and a driven axle. Is an issue.

上記の課題を解決するため、本発明は、４輪駆動車の従動側車軸の軸端部の径方向外側に、従動側車輪の一部を構成するホイールハブを従動側車軸と相対回転可能に配し、前記ホイールハブに固定されたハブハウジングの内部に、前記ホイールハブおよびハブハウジングと一体に回転するアウタギヤと、前記従動側車軸の軸端部にスライド自在かつ相対回転不能に嵌合し、前記アウタギヤと噛合可能なスライドギヤと、前記スライドギヤにスライド不能かつ相対回転可能に連結され、前記ハブハウジングの内部を２輪駆動側負圧室と４輪駆動側負圧室とに仕切るダイヤフラムとを設け、前記４輪駆動車を２輪駆動状態で走行させるときは、前記２輪駆動側負圧室を減圧してダイヤフラムを弾性変形させることにより、前記スライドギヤをアウタギヤとの噛合が解除される位置まで移動させて、前記従動側車輪と従動側車軸とを切り離し、前記４輪駆動車を４輪駆動状態で走行させるときは、前記４輪駆動側負圧室を減圧してダイヤフラムを弾性変形させることにより、前記スライドギヤをアウタギヤと噛み合う位置まで移動させて、前記従動側車輪と従動側車軸とを接続するようにしたフリーホイールハブ機構において、前記スライドギヤを前記アウタギヤとの噛合位置とその噛合が解除される位置との間で手動で移動させる手段を設けた。   In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention enables a wheel hub constituting a part of a driven wheel to be rotated relative to a driven axle on the radially outer side of a shaft end portion of a driven axle of a four-wheel drive vehicle. An outer gear that rotates integrally with the wheel hub and the hub housing, and a shaft end portion of the driven-side axle that is slidable and relatively non-rotatably fitted inside the hub housing fixed to the wheel hub, A slide gear that can mesh with the outer gear, and a diaphragm that is connected to the slide gear so as to be non-slidable and relatively rotatable, and partitions the interior of the hub housing into a two-wheel drive-side negative pressure chamber and a four-wheel drive-side negative pressure chamber; When the four-wheel drive vehicle is driven in a two-wheel drive state, the slide gear is moved out by depressurizing the two-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber and elastically deforming the diaphragm. When the four-wheel drive vehicle is driven in a four-wheel drive state by moving to a position where the meshing with the gear is released to separate the driven wheel and the driven axle, the four-wheel drive negative pressure chamber In the free wheel hub mechanism in which the driven gear and the driven axle are connected by moving the slide gear to a position where it engages with the outer gear by elastically deforming the diaphragm by reducing the pressure of the slide gear, Means for manually moving between an engagement position with the outer gear and a position at which the engagement is released is provided.

すなわち、従動側車軸に取り付けたスライドギヤを、従動側車輪に取り付けたアウタギヤとの噛合位置とその噛合が解除される位置との間で手動で移動させる手段を設けることにより、スライドギヤを自動で移動させることができない場合でも、従動側車輪と従動側車軸の接続と切断とを切り替えられるようにしたのである。   That is, by providing means for manually moving the slide gear attached to the driven-side axle between the meshing position of the outer gear attached to the driven-side wheel and the position where the meshing is released, the slide gear is automatically moved. Even when it cannot be moved, the connection and disconnection of the driven wheel and the driven axle can be switched.

前記スライドギヤを手動で移動させる手段としては、前記従動側車軸の軸端部と軸方向で対向する円筒状の操作片の一端部を、前記ハブハウジングに設けた取付孔に回動自在に嵌め込み、前記操作片の他端側の外周に摺動自在に嵌め込まれるスリーブを操作片に対してスライド自在かつ相対回転不能に支持し、前記スリーブに軸方向に対して斜めに延びる係合溝を設けるとともに、前記操作片にスリーブの係合溝に挿入されるピンを設け、前記操作片を回動させると、前記操作片のピンとスリーブの係合溝との係合によって、前記スリーブがスライドギヤと一体に軸方向に移動するようにしたものを採用することができる。   As means for manually moving the slide gear, one end of a cylindrical operation piece facing the shaft end of the driven-side axle in the axial direction is rotatably fitted in a mounting hole provided in the hub housing. The sleeve that is slidably fitted to the outer periphery of the other end of the operation piece is supported so as to be slidable and non-rotatable relative to the operation piece, and the sleeve is provided with an engagement groove extending obliquely with respect to the axial direction. In addition, when the operation piece is provided with a pin to be inserted into the engagement groove of the sleeve and the operation piece is rotated, the sleeve and the slide gear are engaged by the engagement between the pin of the operation piece and the engagement groove of the sleeve. It is possible to adopt one that moves in the axial direction integrally.

上記の構成においては、前記操作片の一端側にフランジ部を設けるとともに、前記ハブハウジングの取付孔に前記操作片のフランジ部と軸方向で対向する段差面を設けて、その段差面と操作片のフランジ部との間に弾性シール部材を配し、前記ハブハウジングの内周に固定したウェーブスプリングか、あるいは前記操作片のフランジ部とハブハウジングの内周に固定した止め輪との間に配した皿ばねにより、前記操作片のフランジ部を軸方向に押圧して、前記弾性シール部材を圧縮するようにするとよい。このようにすれば、ハブハウジングに取付孔を設けることによる気密性の低下を確実に防止でき、ダイヤフラムの弾性変形による従動側車輪と従動側車軸の接続と切断との切り替えを安定して行うことができる。   In the above configuration, a flange portion is provided on one end side of the operation piece, and a step surface facing the flange portion of the operation piece in the axial direction is provided in the mounting hole of the hub housing. An elastic seal member is arranged between the flange portion of the hub housing and a wave spring fixed to the inner periphery of the hub housing or between a flange portion of the operation piece and a retaining ring fixed to the inner periphery of the hub housing. The elastic seal member may be compressed by pressing the flange portion of the operation piece in the axial direction with the disc spring. In this way, it is possible to reliably prevent a decrease in airtightness due to the mounting holes in the hub housing, and to stably switch between connection and disconnection of the driven wheel and the driven axle due to elastic deformation of the diaphragm. Can do.

また、前記操作片のピンと前記スリーブの係合溝の少なくとも一方に、摩擦抵抗を低減する表面処理を施せば、従動側車輪と従動側車軸の接続と切断との切り替えがよりスムーズに行えるようになる。   In addition, if at least one of the pin of the operation piece and the engagement groove of the sleeve is subjected to a surface treatment that reduces frictional resistance, the connection and disconnection of the driven wheel and the driven axle can be switched more smoothly. Become.

本発明のフリーホイールハブ機構は、上述したように、４輪駆動車の従動側車軸に取り付けたスライドギヤを手動で移動させて、従動側車輪に取り付けたアウタギヤと噛み合わせたり、その噛合を解除したりできるようにしたものであるから、スライドギヤを自動で移動させることができない場合でも、従動側車輪と従動側車軸の接続と切断とを切り替えることができる。   As described above, the freewheel hub mechanism of the present invention manually moves the slide gear attached to the driven axle of the four-wheel drive vehicle so as to mesh with or release the outer gear attached to the driven wheel. Therefore, even when the slide gear cannot be moved automatically, connection and disconnection of the driven wheel and the driven axle can be switched.

したがって、このフリーホイールハブ機構を組み込んだ４輪駆動車では、従動側車輪と従動側車軸の接続と切断との切替動作が自動的に行えなくなったような非常時でも、その切替動作を運転状況に応じて手動で行うことにより、通常時と同様に運転することができる。   Therefore, in a four-wheel drive vehicle incorporating this freewheel hub mechanism, the switching operation can be performed even in an emergency where switching between connection and disconnection of the driven wheel and driven axle cannot be performed automatically. By performing manually according to the above, it is possible to operate as usual.

実施形態のフリーホイールハブ機構を組み込んだ４輪駆動車の概略構成図Schematic configuration diagram of a four-wheel drive vehicle incorporating the freewheel hub mechanism of the embodiment 図１のフリーホイールハブ機構の縦断正面図Longitudinal front view of the freewheel hub mechanism of FIG. 図２の要部を拡大した縦断正面図A longitudinal front view enlarging the main part of FIG. 図３の要部の分解斜視図3 is an exploded perspective view of the main part of FIG. 図３の別の要部の分解斜視図The disassembled perspective view of another principal part of FIG. 図３に対応してフリーホイールハブ機構の自動動作を説明する縦断正面図A longitudinal front view for explaining the automatic operation of the freewheel hub mechanism corresponding to FIG. 図３に対応してフリーホイールハブ機構の手動動作を説明する縦断正面図A longitudinal front view for explaining the manual operation of the freewheel hub mechanism corresponding to FIG. 図２のフリーホイールハブ機構の密封手段の変形例を示す要部の縦断正面図FIG. 2 is a longitudinal front view of the main part showing a modification of the sealing means of the freewheel hub mechanism of FIG. 従来のフリーホイールハブ機構の縦断正面図Longitudinal front view of a conventional freewheel hub mechanism 図９のフリーホイールハブ機構の動作を説明する縦断正面図FIG. 9 is a longitudinal front view for explaining the operation of the freewheel hub mechanism of FIG.

以下、図１乃至図８に基づき本発明の実施形態を説明する。図１は、実施形態のフリーホイールハブ機構を組み込んだ４輪駆動車の構成の概略を示す。この４輪駆動車は、ＦＲベースの車両であり、駆動源となるエンジン１と、エンジン１の回転を変換して出力する変速機２と、変速機２の出力側に接続されるトランスファ３とを備えている。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 schematically shows the configuration of a four-wheel drive vehicle incorporating the freewheel hub mechanism of the embodiment. The four-wheel drive vehicle is an FR-based vehicle, and includes an engine 1 as a drive source, a transmission 2 that converts the rotation of the engine 1 and outputs, and a transfer 3 that is connected to the output side of the transmission 2. It has.

トランスファ３は、２輪駆動（２ＷＤ）状態と４輪駆動（４ＷＤ）状態とを切り替える切替機構４と、その切替機構４を作動させるためのトランスファレバー５を有している。トランスファ３には後側プロペラ軸６と前側プロペラ軸７がそれぞれ連結されており、後側プロペラ軸６には後側差動機８が設けられ、前側プロペラ軸７には前側差動機９が設けられている。   The transfer 3 includes a switching mechanism 4 that switches between a two-wheel drive (2WD) state and a four-wheel drive (4WD) state, and a transfer lever 5 that operates the switching mechanism 4. A rear propeller shaft 6 and a front propeller shaft 7 are connected to the transfer 3, respectively. A rear differential 8 is provided on the rear propeller shaft 6, and a front differential 9 is provided on the front propeller shaft 7. ing.

そして、後側差動機８には後側車軸（主動側車軸）１０が、前側差動機９には前側車軸（従動側車軸）１１がそれぞれ連結されており、後側車軸１０の左右両端に後輪（主動側車輪）１２が取り付けられ、前側車軸１１の左右両端に前輪（従動側車輪）１３がフリーホイールハブ機構１４を介して取り付けられている。   A rear axle (main driving axle) 10 is connected to the rear differential 8, and a front axle (driven axle) 11 is connected to the front differential 9. The rear axle 10 is connected to the left and right ends of the rear axle 10, respectively. Wheels (primary wheels) 12 are attached, and front wheels (driven wheels) 13 are attached to the left and right ends of the front axle 11 via a freewheel hub mechanism 14.

この４輪駆動車は、上記の構成であり、トランスファ３のトランスファレバー５を操作して２輪駆動状態を選択したときは、切替機構４がエンジン１から変速機２を介して出力される駆動力を後側プロペラ軸６のみに伝達することにより、後側差動機８および後側車軸１０を介して左右の後輪１２のみを駆動する。   This four-wheel drive vehicle has the above-described configuration. When the two-wheel drive state is selected by operating the transfer lever 5 of the transfer 3, the switching mechanism 4 is output from the engine 1 via the transmission 2. By transmitting the force only to the rear propeller shaft 6, only the left and right rear wheels 12 are driven via the rear differential 8 and the rear axle 10.

一方、トランスファレバー５で４輪駆動状態を選択したときには、切替機構４が駆動力を後側プロペラ軸６と前側プロペラ軸７に分配して伝達することにより、左右の後輪１２を駆動すると同時に、前側差動機９、前側車軸１１およびフリーホイールハブ機構１４を介して左右の前輪１３も駆動するようになっている。   On the other hand, when the four-wheel drive state is selected by the transfer lever 5, the switching mechanism 4 distributes and transmits the driving force to the rear propeller shaft 6 and the front propeller shaft 7, thereby simultaneously driving the left and right rear wheels 12. The left and right front wheels 13 are also driven through the front differential 9, the front axle 11, and the freewheel hub mechanism 14.

そして、トランスファ３による４輪駆動状態と２輪駆動状態との切り替えに連動して、自動的にフリーホイールハブ機構１４で前輪１３と前側車軸１１の接続と切断との切り替えが行われるようにしている。   The freewheel hub mechanism 14 automatically switches between connection and disconnection of the front wheel 13 and the front axle 11 in conjunction with switching between the four-wheel drive state and the two-wheel drive state by the transfer 3. Yes.

上記の４輪駆動車に組み込まれている実施形態のフリーホイールハブ機構１４の基本的な構成は、前述の図９および図１０に示した従来のものと同じである。   The basic configuration of the freewheel hub mechanism 14 of the embodiment incorporated in the above four-wheel drive vehicle is the same as the conventional one shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 described above.

すなわち、このフリーホイールハブ機構１４は、図２および図３に示すように、前側車軸１１の軸端部１１ａの径方向外側に、前輪１３の一部を構成するホイールハブ１５を前側車軸１１と相対回転可能に配し、ホイールハブ１５の軸方向外側にボルト１６で固定したハブハウジング１７の内部に、ホイールハブ１５およびハブハウジング１７と一体に回転するアウタギヤ１８と、前側車軸１１の軸端部１１ａにスライド自在かつ相対回転不能に嵌合し、アウタギヤ１８と噛合可能なスライドギヤ１９と、スライドギヤ１９に連結され、ハブハウジング１７の内部を２輪駆動側負圧室２０と４輪駆動側負圧室２１とに仕切るダイヤフラム２２とを設けたものである。   That is, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the free wheel hub mechanism 14 includes a wheel hub 15 that constitutes a part of the front wheel 13 and the front axle 11 on the radially outer side of the shaft end portion 11 a of the front axle 11. An outer gear 18 that rotates relative to the wheel hub 15 and is integrally rotated with the hub housing 17 and a shaft end portion of the front axle 11 are disposed in a hub housing 17 that is disposed so as to be relatively rotatable and is fixed to the wheel hub 15 with an bolt 16 on the outer side in the axial direction. 11a is slidably fitted to the outer gear 18 so as to be slidable and relatively non-rotatable, and is connected to the slide gear 19, and the inside of the hub housing 17 is connected to the two-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber 20 and the four-wheel drive side. A diaphragm 22 for partitioning with the negative pressure chamber 21 is provided.

前記前側車軸１１の軸端部１１ａの外周には筒状のスピンドル２３が相対回転自在に嵌め込まれており、このスピンドル２３の一端部が図示省略した車体に固定され、スピンドル２３とホイールハブ１５との間には軸受２４が組み込まれている。これにより、前側車軸１１とホイールハブ１５とが互いに独立して回転自在に支持されている。   A cylindrical spindle 23 is fitted to the outer periphery of the shaft end portion 11a of the front axle 11 so as to be relatively rotatable, and one end portion of the spindle 23 is fixed to a vehicle body (not shown), and the spindle 23, the wheel hub 15, A bearing 24 is incorporated in between. Thereby, the front axle 11 and the wheel hub 15 are rotatably supported independently of each other.

前記車体に固定されたスピンドル２３には、各負圧室２０、２１にそれぞれ連通される負圧ポート２５が設けられており、各負圧ポート２５はパイプ２６で図示省略した負圧ポンプに接続されている。なお、各負圧室２０、２１と負圧ポート２５とを連通する負圧経路の気密性を確保するために、２輪駆動側負圧室２０への負圧経路と４輪駆動側負圧室２１への負圧経路との間をシールする第１シール部材２７と、２輪駆動側負圧室２０への負圧経路と外部との間をシールする第２シール部材２８と、４輪駆動側負圧室２１への負圧経路と外部との間をシールする第３シール部材２９が設けられている。   The spindle 23 fixed to the vehicle body is provided with a negative pressure port 25 communicating with each of the negative pressure chambers 20 and 21, and each negative pressure port 25 is connected to a negative pressure pump (not shown) by a pipe 26. Has been. In addition, in order to ensure the airtightness of the negative pressure path connecting each negative pressure chamber 20, 21 and the negative pressure port 25, the negative pressure path to the two-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber 20 and the four-wheel drive side negative pressure are set. A first seal member 27 that seals between the negative pressure path to the chamber 21, a second seal member 28 that seals between the negative pressure path to the two-wheel drive-side negative pressure chamber 20 and the outside, and four wheels A third seal member 29 is provided for sealing between the negative pressure path to the drive side negative pressure chamber 21 and the outside.

前記アウタギヤ１８は、その内周にスライドギヤ１９の外周の歯と噛み合う内歯が形成されており、外周部でハブハウジング１７の内周にスプライン結合している。また、前記スライドギヤ１９は、その内周部で前側車軸１１の軸端部１１ａのスピンドル２３から突出している部分の外周にスプライン結合している。   The outer gear 18 has inner teeth that engage with the outer teeth of the slide gear 19 on the inner periphery thereof, and is splined to the inner periphery of the hub housing 17 at the outer periphery. The slide gear 19 is splined to the outer periphery of the portion of the inner peripheral portion of the shaft end portion 11a of the front axle 11 protruding from the spindle 23.

前記ダイヤフラム２２は、中央部を外側補強板３０と内側補強板３１とで挟持され、外周部を筒状の支持部材３２とダイヤフラムカバー３３とで挟持されている。その外側補強板３０と内側補強板３１は、鋼板のプレス成形品からなり、ダイヤフラム２２の中央を貫通するリベット３４の加締めによってダイヤフラム２２と一体化されている。また、内側補強板３１は、スライドギヤ１９の歯よりも軸方向外側の部分にスライド不能かつ相対回転可能に取り付けられている。そして、ダイヤフラムカバー３３はその外周部を支持部材３２の外周の軸方向外側部分に固定され、支持部材３２はその外周の軸方向内側部分でハブハウジング１７の内周にスプライン結合している。   The diaphragm 22 is sandwiched between the outer reinforcing plate 30 and the inner reinforcing plate 31 at the center and is sandwiched between the cylindrical support member 32 and the diaphragm cover 33 at the outer peripheral portion. The outer reinforcing plate 30 and the inner reinforcing plate 31 are made of a press-formed product of a steel plate, and are integrated with the diaphragm 22 by caulking a rivet 34 that passes through the center of the diaphragm 22. Further, the inner reinforcing plate 31 is attached to a portion on the outer side in the axial direction from the teeth of the slide gear 19 so as not to be slidable and relatively rotatable. The outer periphery of the diaphragm cover 33 is fixed to the outer periphery of the support member 32 in the axial direction, and the support member 32 is splined to the inner periphery of the hub housing 17 at the outer periphery in the axial direction.

前記支持部材３２とアウタギヤ１８との間には、２輪駆動側負圧室２０への負圧経路と４輪駆動側負圧室２１への負圧経路との間をシールする第４シール部材３５が設けられている。また、前記ダイヤフラムカバー３３と外側補強板３０との間には、外側補強板３０をスライドギヤ１９側へ付勢するコイルばね３６が組み込まれている。   A fourth seal member that seals between the negative pressure path to the two-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber 20 and the negative pressure path to the four-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber 21 between the support member 32 and the outer gear 18. 35 is provided. A coil spring 36 for urging the outer reinforcing plate 30 toward the slide gear 19 is incorporated between the diaphragm cover 33 and the outer reinforcing plate 30.

前記ハブハウジング１７には、その軸方向外側の端部を貫通する取付孔３７が設けられており、その取付孔３７に円筒状の操作片３８の一端部が回動自在に嵌め込まれている。その操作片３８の一端側にはフランジ部３８ａが設けられ、ハブハウジング１７の取付孔３７には操作片３８のフランジ部３８ａの外側面と軸方向で対向する段差面３７ａが設けられている。そして、操作片３８のフランジ部３８ａの外側面に設けた環状溝に、Ｏリング（弾性シール部材）３９が軸方向の一端側を突出させる状態で配されている。   The hub housing 17 is provided with a mounting hole 37 penetrating the end portion on the outer side in the axial direction, and one end portion of a cylindrical operation piece 38 is rotatably fitted in the mounting hole 37. A flange portion 38 a is provided on one end side of the operation piece 38, and a step surface 37 a that is opposed to the outer surface of the flange portion 38 a of the operation piece 38 in the axial direction is provided in the mounting hole 37 of the hub housing 17. An O-ring (elastic seal member) 39 is arranged in an annular groove provided on the outer surface of the flange portion 38a of the operation piece 38 so as to project one end side in the axial direction.

そして、ハブハウジング１７の内周に設けた環状溝に略環状のウェーブスプリング４０（図４参照）の外周部を嵌め込んで固定し、このウェーブスプリング４０で操作片３８のフランジ部３８ａを軸方向外側に押圧して、前記Ｏリング３９を圧縮している。これにより、ハブハウジング１７は、取付孔３７が設けられていても十分な気密性が確保できるようになっている。また、Ｏリング３９は、操作片３８に適度な回動抵抗を与えて、走行中の振動等による操作片３８の回動を防止する役割も果たしている。   Then, the outer peripheral portion of a substantially annular wave spring 40 (see FIG. 4) is fitted and fixed in an annular groove provided in the inner periphery of the hub housing 17, and the flange portion 38 a of the operation piece 38 is axially fixed by the wave spring 40. The O-ring 39 is compressed by pressing outward. Thereby, even if the hub housing 17 is provided with the mounting hole 37, sufficient airtightness can be ensured. The O-ring 39 also serves to prevent the rotation of the operation piece 38 due to vibration or the like during traveling by giving an appropriate rotation resistance to the operation piece 38.

前記操作片３８の一端面には一対の略半円形の凹部３８ｂが設けられ、両凹部３８ｂの間に径方向に延びる操作部３８ｃが形成されている（図４参照）。また、操作片３８の他端部は、前側車軸１１の軸端部１１ａとリベット３４等を挟んで軸方向で対向しており、その外周に二段円筒状のスリーブ４１の大径部が摺動自在に嵌め込まれている。   A pair of substantially semicircular recesses 38b are provided on one end surface of the operation piece 38, and an operation portion 38c extending in the radial direction is formed between both the recesses 38b (see FIG. 4). The other end portion of the operation piece 38 is opposed to the shaft end portion 11a of the front axle 11 in the axial direction with the rivet 34 and the like interposed therebetween, and the large-diameter portion of the two-stage cylindrical sleeve 41 slides on the outer periphery thereof. Fits freely.

前記スリーブ４１は、ダイヤフラム２２の外側補強板３０と対向する段差面に環状の磁石４２が取り付けられている。また、図４および図５にも示すように、スリーブ４１の大径部の外周面には軸方向に延びる突条４１ａが２本設けられ、これらの各突条４１ａがダイヤフラムカバー３３の内筒部３３ａの内周面に設けられた軸方向溝３３ｂに摺動自在に嵌まり込むことにより、スリーブ４１が操作片３８に対してスライド自在かつ相対回転不能に支持されている。そして、スリーブ４１の大径部には軸方向に対して斜めに延びる係合溝４１ｂが２つ設けられ、操作片３８の他端部の外周面には、スリーブ４１の各係合溝４１ｂに挿入されるピン４３が設けられている。これにより、操作片３８を回動させると、操作片３８のピン４３とスリーブ４１の係合溝４１ｂとの係合によって、スリーブ４１がダイヤフラムカバー３３に案内されて軸方向に移動するようになっている。   The sleeve 41 has an annular magnet 42 attached to a stepped surface facing the outer reinforcing plate 30 of the diaphragm 22. 4 and FIG. 5, two protrusions 41a extending in the axial direction are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the large diameter portion of the sleeve 41. These protrusions 41a are the inner cylinders of the diaphragm cover 33. The sleeve 41 is supported so as to be slidable and non-rotatable relative to the operation piece 38 by being slidably fitted into an axial groove 33b provided on the inner peripheral surface of the portion 33a. Two engagement grooves 41 b extending obliquely with respect to the axial direction are provided in the large-diameter portion of the sleeve 41, and the engagement grooves 41 b of the sleeve 41 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the other end portion of the operation piece 38. A pin 43 to be inserted is provided. Thus, when the operation piece 38 is rotated, the sleeve 41 is guided by the diaphragm cover 33 and moved in the axial direction by the engagement between the pin 43 of the operation piece 38 and the engagement groove 41b of the sleeve 41. ing.

ここで、スリーブ４１の軸方向移動がスムーズに行われるようにするために、スリーブ４１の各係合溝４１ｂには摩擦抵抗を低減する表面処理が施されている。なお、摩擦抵抗を低減する表面処理は、スリーブ４１の係合溝４１ｂと操作片３８のピン４３の両方に施してもよいし、操作片３８のピン４３の方だけに施すようにしてもよい。   Here, in order to smoothly move the sleeve 41 in the axial direction, each engagement groove 41b of the sleeve 41 is subjected to a surface treatment for reducing frictional resistance. The surface treatment for reducing the frictional resistance may be applied to both the engagement groove 41b of the sleeve 41 and the pin 43 of the operation piece 38, or may be applied only to the pin 43 of the operation piece 38. .

次に、このフリーホイールハブ機構１４の動作について説明する。通常、４輪駆動車を２輪駆動状態で走行させるときは、自動的に一方の負圧ポート２５を介して２輪駆動側負圧室２０を減圧してダイヤフラム２２を弾性変形させることにより、ダイヤフラム２２に軸方向で連結されたスライドギヤ１９をアウタギヤ１８との噛合が解除される位置まで移動させて、前輪１３と前側車軸１１とを切り離す（図３の状態）。また、４輪駆動状態で走行させるときは、自動的に他方の負圧ポート２５を介して４輪駆動側負圧室２１を減圧してダイヤフラム２２を弾性変形させることにより、スライドギヤ１９をアウタギヤ１８と噛み合う位置まで移動させて、前輪１３と前側車軸１１とを接続する（図６の状態）。   Next, the operation of the freewheel hub mechanism 14 will be described. Normally, when a four-wheel drive vehicle is driven in a two-wheel drive state, the diaphragm 22 is elastically deformed by automatically depressurizing the two-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber 20 via one negative pressure port 25, The slide gear 19 connected to the diaphragm 22 in the axial direction is moved to a position where the engagement with the outer gear 18 is released, and the front wheel 13 and the front axle 11 are separated (state shown in FIG. 3). When traveling in a four-wheel drive state, the four-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber 21 is automatically depressurized via the other negative pressure port 25 to elastically deform the diaphragm 22, thereby causing the slide gear 19 to move to the outer gear. 18 is moved to a position where it meshes with the front wheel 13 to connect the front wheel 13 and the front axle 11 (state shown in FIG. 6).

ここで、上記２輪駆動状態においては、図３に示すように、ダイヤフラム２２の外側補強板３０がスリーブ４１に取り付けられた磁石４２に吸引されることにより、ダイヤフラム２２に軸方向で連結されたスライドギヤ１９がアウタギヤ１８と切り離された位置で保持され、上記４輪駆動状態では、図６に示すように、外側補強板３０がダイヤフラムカバー３３との間に組み込まれたコイルばね３６に押されることにより、スライドギヤ１９がアウタギヤ１８と噛み合う位置で保持されるようになっている。すなわち、２輪駆動状態では磁石４２の吸引力の方がコイルばね３６の弾性力よりも大きく、４輪駆動状態ではコイルばね３６の弾性力の方が磁石４２の吸引力よりも大きくなるように設定されている。   Here, in the two-wheel drive state, as shown in FIG. 3, the outer reinforcing plate 30 of the diaphragm 22 is attracted to the magnet 42 attached to the sleeve 41, thereby being connected to the diaphragm 22 in the axial direction. The slide gear 19 is held at a position separated from the outer gear 18, and in the four-wheel drive state, the outer reinforcing plate 30 is pushed by a coil spring 36 built in between the diaphragm cover 33 as shown in FIG. Thus, the slide gear 19 is held at a position where it engages with the outer gear 18. That is, the attracting force of the magnet 42 is larger than the elastic force of the coil spring 36 in the two-wheel drive state, and the elastic force of the coil spring 36 is larger than the attracting force of the magnet 42 in the four-wheel drive state. Is set.

一方、このフリーホイールハブ機構１４では、上記の前輪１３と前側車軸１１との接続と切断との切り替えが自動的に行えなくなった場合、例えば２輪駆動側負圧室２０や４輪駆動側負圧室２１を減圧する負圧ポンプの故障や、負圧ポンプと各負圧ポート２５とを接続するパイプ２６の亀裂等の不具合が発生した場合は、その切替動作を以下のようにして手動で行うことができる。   On the other hand, in the freewheel hub mechanism 14, when the switching between connection and disconnection between the front wheel 13 and the front axle 11 cannot be automatically performed, for example, the two-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber 20 or the four-wheel drive side negative pressure is generated. When a malfunction such as a failure of the negative pressure pump for reducing the pressure chamber 21 or a crack in the pipe 26 connecting the negative pressure pump and each negative pressure port 25 occurs, the switching operation is manually performed as follows. It can be carried out.

すなわち、まず、図３に示したように前輪１３と前側車軸１１とが切断された状態（２輪駆動状態）で、負圧を利用した自動的な切替動作ができなくなった場合は、操作片３８の操作部３８ｃを手でもって所定方向に回動させることにより、操作片３８と係合するスリーブ４１を軸方向移動（前進）させてスリーブ４１でダイヤフラム２２を押し動かし、ダイヤフラム２２に軸方向で連結されたスライドギヤ１９をアウタギヤ１８と噛み合う位置まで移動させて（図７の状態）、前輪１３と前側車軸１１とを接続することができる。   That is, first, as shown in FIG. 3, in the state where the front wheel 13 and the front axle 11 are disconnected (two-wheel drive state), the automatic switching operation using the negative pressure is not possible. 38, the sleeve 41 engaged with the operation piece 38 is moved in the axial direction (advanced), and the diaphragm 22 is pushed and moved by the sleeve 41, and the diaphragm 22 is moved in the axial direction. The front wheel 13 and the front axle 11 can be connected by moving the slide gear 19 connected in step (b) to a position where the slide gear 19 meshes with the outer gear 18 (state shown in FIG. 7).

また、図６に示したように前輪１３と前側車軸１１とが接続された状態（４輪駆動状態）で自動的な切替動作ができなくなった場合には、一旦、操作片３８を所定方向に回動させることにより、スリーブ４１をダイヤフラム２２の外側補強板３０に当接するまで前進させて、スリーブ４１に取り付けた磁石４２が外側補強板３０を吸着する状態（図７の状態）とした後、操作片３８ｃを逆方向に回動させることにより、スリーブ４１をダイヤフラム２２およびスライドギヤ１９とともに後退させ、スライドギヤ１９をアウタギヤ１８との噛合が解除される位置まで移動させて（図３の状態）、前輪１３と前側車軸１１とを切断することができる。   In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, when the automatic switching operation cannot be performed when the front wheel 13 and the front axle 11 are connected (four-wheel drive state), the operation piece 38 is once moved in a predetermined direction. By rotating, the sleeve 41 is advanced until it abuts against the outer reinforcing plate 30 of the diaphragm 22, and the magnet 42 attached to the sleeve 41 is brought into a state of adsorbing the outer reinforcing plate 30 (the state of FIG. 7). By rotating the operation piece 38c in the reverse direction, the sleeve 41 is retracted together with the diaphragm 22 and the slide gear 19, and the slide gear 19 is moved to a position where the engagement with the outer gear 18 is released (state in FIG. 3). The front wheel 13 and the front axle 11 can be cut.

このフリーホイールハブ機構１４は、上述したように、操作片３８を手動で回動させることにより、４輪駆動車の前側車軸１１に取り付けたスライドギヤ１９を移動させて、前輪１３に取り付けたアウタギヤ１８と噛み合わせたり、その噛合を解除したりできるようにしたので、スライドギヤ１９を自動で移動させることができない場合でも、前輪１３と前側車軸１１の接続と切断とを切り替えることができる。   As described above, the freewheel hub mechanism 14 moves the slide gear 19 attached to the front axle 11 of the four-wheel drive vehicle by manually rotating the operation piece 38 to move the outer gear attached to the front wheel 13. 18 can be engaged with or released from the engagement, so that the front wheel 13 and the front axle 11 can be switched between connection and disconnection even when the slide gear 19 cannot be moved automatically.

したがって、このフリーホイールハブ機構１４を組み込んだ４輪駆動車では、前輪１３と前側車軸１１の接続と切断との切替動作が自動的に行えなくなったような非常時でも、その切替動作を運転状況に応じて手動で行うことにより、手動切替時に若干手間がかかる以外は通常時と同様に運転することができる。   Therefore, in a four-wheel drive vehicle incorporating the freewheel hub mechanism 14, the switching operation is performed even in an emergency where the switching operation between the front wheel 13 and the front axle 11 cannot be automatically performed. By performing manually according to the above, it is possible to operate in the same manner as normal time except that it takes a little time for manual switching.

上述した実施形態では、ハブハウジング１７と操作片３８との間に配したＯリング３９を圧縮して気密性を確保するために、操作片３８のフランジ部３８ａを軸方向外側に押圧するウェーブスプリング４０を設けたが、図８に示すように、ハブハウジング１７の内周の環状溝に止め輪４４を嵌め込んで固定し、この止め輪４４と操作片３８のフランジ部３８ａとの間に配した皿ばね４５により、操作片３８のフランジ部３８ａを軸方向外側に押圧するようにしてもよい。   In the embodiment described above, the wave spring that presses the flange portion 38a of the operation piece 38 outward in the axial direction in order to compress the O-ring 39 disposed between the hub housing 17 and the operation piece 38 to ensure airtightness. As shown in FIG. 8, a retaining ring 44 is fitted and fixed in an annular groove on the inner periphery of the hub housing 17, and is arranged between the retaining ring 44 and the flange portion 38 a of the operating piece 38. The flange portion 38a of the operation piece 38 may be pressed outward in the axial direction by the disc spring 45.

今回開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上記した意味ではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。   The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the meanings described above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

例えば、実施形態では、操作片を手動で回動させることによりスライドギヤが移動するようにしたが、スライドギヤをアウタギヤとの噛合位置とその噛合が解除される位置との間で移動させることができれば、どのような手段を採用してもよい。   For example, in the embodiment, the slide gear is moved by manually rotating the operation piece. However, the slide gear may be moved between the meshing position with the outer gear and the position where the meshing is released. Any means may be adopted if possible.

１１ 前側車軸（従動側車軸）
１１ａ 軸端部
１３ 前輪（従動側車輪）
１４ フリーホイールハブ機構
１５ ホイールハブ
１７ ハブハウジング
１８ アウタギヤ
１９ スライドギヤ
２０ ２輪駆動側負圧室
２１ ４輪駆動側負圧室
２２ ダイヤフラム
３６ コイルばね
３７ 取付孔
３７ａ 段差面
３８ 操作片
３８ａ フランジ部
３９ Ｏリング（弾性シール部材）
４０ ウェーブスプリング
４１ スリーブ
４１ｂ 係合溝
４２ 磁石
４３ ピン
４４ 止め輪
４５ 皿ばね 11 Front axle (driven axle)
11a Shaft end 13 Front wheel (driven wheel)
14 Free wheel hub mechanism 15 Wheel hub 17 Hub housing 18 Outer gear 19 Slide gear 20 Two-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber 21 Four-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber 22 Diaphragm 36 Coil spring 37 Mounting hole 37a Step surface 38 Operation piece 38a Flange portion 39 O-ring (elastic seal member)
40 Wave Spring 41 Sleeve 41b Engaging Groove 42 Magnet 43 Pin 44 Retaining Ring 45 Belleville Spring

Claims (5)

４輪駆動車の従動側車軸の軸端部の径方向外側に、従動側車輪の一部を構成するホイールハブを従動側車軸と相対回転可能に配し、前記ホイールハブに固定されたハブハウジングの内部に、前記ホイールハブおよびハブハウジングと一体に回転するアウタギヤと、前記従動側車軸の軸端部にスライド自在かつ相対回転不能に嵌合し、前記アウタギヤと噛合可能なスライドギヤと、前記スライドギヤにスライド不能かつ相対回転可能に連結され、前記ハブハウジングの内部を２輪駆動側負圧室と４輪駆動側負圧室とに仕切るダイヤフラムとを設け、
前記４輪駆動車を２輪駆動状態で走行させるときは、前記２輪駆動側負圧室を減圧してダイヤフラムを弾性変形させることにより、前記スライドギヤをアウタギヤとの噛合が解除される位置まで移動させて、前記従動側車輪と従動側車軸とを切り離し、
前記４輪駆動車を４輪駆動状態で走行させるときは、前記４輪駆動側負圧室を減圧してダイヤフラムを弾性変形させることにより、前記スライドギヤをアウタギヤと噛み合う位置まで移動させて、前記従動側車輪と従動側車軸とを接続するようにしたフリーホイールハブ機構において、
前記スライドギヤを前記アウタギヤとの噛合位置とその噛合が解除される位置との間で手動で移動させる手段を設けたことを特徴とするフリーホイールハブ機構。 A hub housing, which is disposed on a radially outer side of a shaft end portion of a driven-side axle of a four-wheel drive vehicle so as to be rotatable relative to the driven-side axle, and is fixed to the wheel hub. An outer gear that rotates integrally with the wheel hub and the hub housing, a slide gear that is slidably and relatively non-rotatably fitted to the shaft end of the driven-side axle, and that can mesh with the outer gear, and the slide A non-slidable and relatively rotatable connection to the gear, and a diaphragm that partitions the interior of the hub housing into a two-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber and a four-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber;
When the four-wheel drive vehicle is driven in a two-wheel drive state, the two-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber is decompressed to elastically deform the diaphragm, so that the slide gear is disengaged from the outer gear. To move, to separate the driven wheel and the driven axle,
When driving the four-wheel drive vehicle in a four-wheel drive state, the four-wheel drive side negative pressure chamber is depressurized and the diaphragm is elastically deformed to move the slide gear to a position where it meshes with the outer gear. In the freewheel hub mechanism that connects the driven wheel and the driven axle,
A freewheel hub mechanism comprising means for manually moving the slide gear between a meshing position with the outer gear and a position where the meshing is released. 前記スライドギヤを手動で移動させる手段は、前記従動側車軸の軸端部と軸方向で対向する円筒状の操作片の一端部を、前記ハブハウジングに設けた取付孔に回動自在に嵌め込み、前記操作片の他端側の外周に摺動自在に嵌め込まれるスリーブを操作片に対してスライド自在かつ相対回転不能に支持し、前記スリーブに軸方向に対して斜めに延びる係合溝を設けるとともに、前記操作片にスリーブの係合溝に挿入されるピンを設け、
前記操作片を回動させると、前記操作片のピンとスリーブの係合溝との係合によって、前記スリーブがスライドギヤと一体に軸方向に移動するようにしたものであることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のフリーホイールハブ機構。 The means for manually moving the slide gear is configured such that one end portion of a cylindrical operation piece facing the shaft end portion of the driven-side axle in the axial direction is rotatably fitted in a mounting hole provided in the hub housing, A sleeve that is slidably fitted to the outer periphery of the other end of the operation piece is supported so as to be slidable relative to the operation piece and not rotatable relative to the operation piece, and an engagement groove extending obliquely with respect to the axial direction is provided on the sleeve. The operation piece is provided with a pin to be inserted into the engagement groove of the sleeve,
When the operation piece is rotated, the sleeve is moved integrally with the slide gear in the axial direction by the engagement between the pin of the operation piece and the engagement groove of the sleeve. Item 4. The freewheel hub mechanism according to item 1. 前記操作片の一端側にフランジ部を設けるとともに、前記ハブハウジングの取付孔に前記操作片のフランジ部と軸方向で対向する段差面を設けて、その段差面と操作片のフランジ部との間に弾性シール部材を配し、前記ハブハウジングの内周に固定したウェーブスプリングにより、前記操作片のフランジ部を軸方向に押圧して、前記弾性シール部材を圧縮したことを特徴とする請求項２に記載のフリーホイールハブ機構。   A flange portion is provided on one end side of the operation piece, and a step surface facing the flange portion of the operation piece in the axial direction is provided in the mounting hole of the hub housing, and between the step surface and the flange portion of the operation piece. 3. The elastic seal member is compressed in the axial direction by pressing a flange portion of the operation piece with a wave spring fixed to an inner periphery of the hub housing. The freewheel hub mechanism described in 1. 前記操作片の一端側にフランジ部を設けるとともに、前記ハブハウジングの取付孔に前記操作片のフランジ部と軸方向で対向する段差面を設けて、その段差面と操作片のフランジ部との間に弾性シール部材を配し、前記操作片のフランジ部とハブハウジングの内周に固定した止め輪との間に配した皿ばねにより、前記操作片のフランジ部を軸方向に押圧して、前記弾性シール部材を圧縮したことを特徴とする請求項２に記載のフリーホイールハブ機構。   A flange portion is provided on one end side of the operation piece, and a step surface facing the flange portion of the operation piece in the axial direction is provided in the mounting hole of the hub housing, and between the step surface and the flange portion of the operation piece. An elastic seal member is disposed on the flange portion of the operation piece and a disc spring disposed between a retaining ring fixed to the inner periphery of the hub housing, and the flange portion of the operation piece is pressed in the axial direction, The freewheel hub mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the elastic seal member is compressed. 前記操作片のピンと前記スリーブの係合溝の少なくとも一方に、摩擦抵抗を低減する表面処理を施したことを特徴とする請求項２乃至４のいずれかに記載のフリーホイールハブ機構。   5. The freewheel hub mechanism according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the pin of the operation piece and the engagement groove of the sleeve is subjected to a surface treatment for reducing frictional resistance.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019240026A1 (en) * 2018-06-14 2019-12-19 Ntn株式会社 Freewheel hub

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5554726A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-04-22 Dana Corp Clutch
JPH10211827A (en) * 1996-12-17 1998-08-11 Warn Ind Inc Auto-manual hub engaging system
JPH10278621A (en) * 1997-03-31 1998-10-20 Suzuki Motor Corp Four-wheel drive vehicle having free wheel

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5554726A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-04-22 Dana Corp Clutch
JPH10211827A (en) * 1996-12-17 1998-08-11 Warn Ind Inc Auto-manual hub engaging system
JPH10278621A (en) * 1997-03-31 1998-10-20 Suzuki Motor Corp Four-wheel drive vehicle having free wheel

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019240026A1 (en) * 2018-06-14 2019-12-19 Ntn株式会社 Freewheel hub

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