JP2016160662A - ハイブリッド式作業機械 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド式作業機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2016160662A JP2016160662A JP2015040727A JP2015040727A JP2016160662A JP 2016160662 A JP2016160662 A JP 2016160662A JP 2015040727 A JP2015040727 A JP 2015040727A JP 2015040727 A JP2015040727 A JP 2015040727A JP 2016160662 A JP2016160662 A JP 2016160662A
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- Prior art keywords
- engine
- torque
- speed
- control
- hydraulic pump
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Classifications
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- B60K6/46—Series type
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の一実施の形態に係るハイブリッド式作業機械である小型の油圧ショベルの外観を示す図である。本明細書において、小型の油圧ショベルとはミニショベルを含む8トンクラス以下の油圧ショベルを意味する。
次に、図10を用いて上述した本発明の動作原理を実現する車体コントローラ46の制御機能について説明する。
本実施の形態に係る駆動システムの動作を、図13A、図13B、図14A及び図14Bを用いて説明する。図13Aは、アシスト制御によるシステム出力トルクの変化を示す図であり、横軸はエンジン回転数を示し、縦軸は出力トルクを示している。図14Aは、アシスト制御によるシステム出力馬力の変化を示す図であり、横軸はエンジン回転数を示し、縦軸は出力馬力を示している。図13Bは、バッテリ充電制御によるシステム出力トルクの変化を示す図であり、横軸はエンジン回転数を示し、縦軸はシステム出力トルクを示している。図14Bは、バッテリ充電制御によるエンジン出力馬力の変化を示す図であり、横軸はエンジン回転数を示し、縦軸はエンジン出力馬力を示している。
以上のように本実施の形態においては、出力アシストによってエンジン11の要求トルクを抑えることでエンジン11の小型化が可能となり、燃費の向上、排ガス特性の改善及び騒音の低減を図ることができる。
本実施の形態では、エンジン回転数と最大馬力回転数NRx(目標回転数が最大NTmaxの場合は定格回転数NRmax)との大小判定結果に基づいてアシスト制御とバッテリ充電制御とを切り替えることとしたが、判定に用いる最大馬力回転数NRxにはマージンを持たせても良い。すなわち、エンジン回転数のハンチング等を考慮した所定のマージンΔNを設定し、エンジン回転数が最大馬力回転数NRx+ΔNより大きくなったときにバッテリ充電制御を行い、エンジン回転数が最大馬力回転数NRx−ΔNより小さくなったときにアシスト制御を行っても良い。これにより、エンジン回転数が最大馬力回転数NRx付近にあるときの発電・電動機31の制御を安定化させることができる。
2 油圧系
3 発電電動系
4 制御系
6 動力分配器
11 エンジン
12 エンジンコントロールダイヤル
13 エンジンコントローラ
14 電子ガバナ
15 エンジン回転数検出装置
21 油圧ポンプ
21a 押しのけ容積可変機構
22 パイロットポンプ
23 コントロールバルブ
23a,23b 走行用のメインスプール
24a,24b 走行用の油圧モータ
24c〜24h その他の油圧アクチュエータ
24a1,24b1 押しのけ容積可変機構(斜板)
24a2,24b2 制御ピストン
24a3,24b3 受圧部
24a4,24b4 バネ
25 走行用の操作装置
26 走行以外の操作装置
27 ポンプレギュレータ
27a 制御スプール
27b,27c 第1バネ及び第2バネ
27d,27e 第1受圧部及び第2受圧部
27f パイロットライン
27g 制御油路
29 メインリリーフ弁
31 発電・電動機
32 インバータ
33 バッテリ(蓄電装置)
34 バッテリコントローラ
35 操作パネル
41 走行速度切換スイッチ
42 走行の操作パイロット圧センサ
43 走行以外の操作パイロット圧センサ
44 トルク制御電磁弁
45 走行速度切替電磁弁
46 車体コントローラ
46a 走行制御部
46b 状態判定制御部
46c ポンプ/エンジン制御部(第1制御部)
46d 発電・電動機/バッテリ制御部(第2制御部)
101 下部走行体
102 上部旋回体
103 スイングポスト
104 フロント作業機
105 トラックフレーム
106 排土用のブレード
107 旋回台
108 キャビン(運転室)
111 ブーム
112 アーム
113 バケット
Claims (3)
- エンジンと、
このエンジンによって駆動される油圧ポンプと、
この油圧ポンプから吐出される圧油によって駆動される複数の油圧アクチュエータと、
前記エンジンの目標回転数を指示するエンジン回転数指示装置と、
前記エンジンの実回転数を検出するエンジン回転数検出装置と、
前記エンジンの負荷トルクが増加するにしたがって前記エンジンの出力トルクが増加するよう燃料噴射量を制御するガバナ装置と、
前記エンジンに連結された発電・電動機と、
前記発電・電動機との間で電力を授受する蓄電装置と、
前記蓄電装置からの電力を前記発電・電動機に供給することで前記発電・電動機を電動機として作動させて出力アシストを行い、前記エンジンにより前記発電・電動機を回転駆動することで前記発電・電動機を発電機として作動させて前記蓄電装置を充電する制御装置とを備え、
前記エンジンは、前記ガバナ装置の燃料噴射量が最大であるときの全負荷特性と、前記ガバナ装置の燃料噴射量が最大に増加するまでのレギュレーション特性とを含む出力トルク特性を有し、前記全負荷特性は、前記エンジン回転数が定格回転数から所定回転数に低下するにしたがって前記エンジンの出力トルクが増加し、前記所定回転数で前記エンジンの出力トルクが最大となる第1特性部分と、前記エンジン回転数が前記所定回転数から低回するにしたがって前記エンジン出力トルクが減少する第2特性部分とを有し、
前記制御装置は、前記蓄電装置の充電率が前記発電・電動機のアシスト駆動による作業の継続が不能となる最小充電率以下に低下した場合に、前記エンジンの目標回転数を低下させるエンジン回転数低下制御と前記油圧ポンプの最大吸収トルクを低下させる減トルク制御とを行い、このエンジン回転数低下制御と減トルク制御によって前記エンジンに生じた余剰トルクを用いて前記発電・電動機を発電機として作動させて前記蓄電装置を充電する充電制御を行うことを特徴とするハイブリッド式作業機械。 - 請求項1に記載のハイブリッド式作業機械において、
前記エンジンは、前記エンジン回転数が定格回転数にあるときのエンジン出力トルクである前記エンジンの定格トルクが前記油圧ポンプの最大吸収トルクよりも小さく、前記エンジンの出力トルクだけでは前記油圧ポンプの最大吸収トルクを賄えない大きさにダウンサイジングされていることを特徴とするハイブリッド式作業機械。 - 請求項1に記載のハイブリッド式作業機械において、
前記エンジンは、前記エンジンの最大トルクが前記油圧ポンプの最大吸収トルクよりも小さく、前記エンジンの出力トルクだけでは前記油圧ポンプの最大吸収トルクを賄えない大きさにダウンサイジングされていることを特徴とするハイブリッド式作業機械。
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CN107075837B (zh) | 2020-02-18 |
US20170274755A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
WO2016139852A1 (ja) | 2016-09-09 |
KR101897933B1 (ko) | 2018-09-12 |
US10315508B2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
JP6232007B2 (ja) | 2017-11-15 |
EP3266942A4 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
CN107075837A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
EP3266942B1 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
EP3266942A1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
KR20170034407A (ko) | 2017-03-28 |
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