JP2016146414A

JP2016146414A - Transformer

Info

Publication number: JP2016146414A
Application number: JP2015022777A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 優遠藤; Masaru Endo
Original assignee: Meidensha Corp; Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Current assignee: Meidensha Corp; Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date: 2015-02-09
Filing date: 2015-02-09
Publication date: 2016-08-12

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a transformer which enables improvement of heat radiation performance of a coil surface to achieve low costs and downsizing.SOLUTION: A transformer has: an iron core 3; an inner coil 4 disposed at a periphery of the iron core 3; an outer coil 5 disposed at a periphery of the inner coil 4; an insulation member 9 electrically insulating the iron core 3 from the inner coil 4; and a protection member 10 which protects an outer peripheral surface of the outer coil 5. One of the insulation member 9 and the protection member 10 is formed by a material having heat conductivity higher than heat conductivity of an aromatic polyamide.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

本発明は、変圧器の構造に関する。 The present invention relates to a structure of a transformer.

変圧器の各相のコイルは、鉄心の周囲に巻かれる低電圧の巻線と、この低電圧の巻線の外側に巻かれる高電圧の巻線とを有している（例えば特許文献１）。これらの巻線は、エポキシ樹脂，シリコン樹脂等の絶縁材からなる絶縁紙によってモールド保護されている。 Each phase coil of the transformer has a low-voltage winding wound around the iron core and a high-voltage winding wound outside the low-voltage winding (for example, Patent Document 1). . These windings are molded and protected by insulating paper made of an insulating material such as epoxy resin or silicon resin.

特開２００６−２１０６１９号公報JP 2006-210619A 特開２０００−５８３１４号公報JP 2000-58314 A

従来の変圧器は巻線の保護のために比較的に厚めの絶縁紙が採用されている。 Conventional transformers employ relatively thick insulating paper to protect the windings.

しかしながら、前記厚めの絶縁紙を採用すると、熱伝導率が低くなるので、巻線の表面での放熱が劣るものとなり、巻線のモールド部分に限らず、変圧器全体の巻線の温度が高くなることがある。また、一般に巻線に用いられる材料は温度依存性が高く、巻線温度が高くなることによって巻線損失が増加する。巻線損失の増加は変圧器の効率低下につながる。 However, if the thick insulating paper is used, the heat conductivity is lowered, so that the heat radiation at the surface of the winding is inferior, and the temperature of the winding of the entire transformer is high, not limited to the mold part of the winding. May be. In general, the material used for the winding is highly temperature dependent, and the winding loss increases as the winding temperature increases. An increase in winding loss leads to a reduction in transformer efficiency.

さらに、巻線温度が高くなると、高温耐性の高価な絶縁紙を適用する必要があるので、変圧器のコストアップにつながる。巻線の温度上昇を低減するためには変圧器の内側巻線と外側巻線相互の放熱の影響を抑制する必要がある。そのためには変圧器の内側巻線と外側巻線との間の厚さ方向の距離を充分確保する必要があるので、変圧器の大型化を招くことになる。 Further, when the winding temperature becomes high, it is necessary to apply expensive insulating paper having high temperature resistance, which leads to an increase in the cost of the transformer. In order to reduce the temperature rise of the winding, it is necessary to suppress the influence of heat radiation between the inner and outer windings of the transformer. For this purpose, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient distance in the thickness direction between the inner winding and the outer winding of the transformer, leading to an increase in size of the transformer.

本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みなされたもので、変圧器の巻線表面の放熱性を向上させて変圧器の低コスト化並びに小型化を図ることを課題とする。 This invention is made | formed in view of said situation, and makes it a subject to aim at the cost reduction and size reduction of a transformer by improving the heat dissipation of the winding surface of a transformer.

そこで、本発明の変圧器は、鉄心と、この鉄心の周囲に配される内側巻線と、この内側巻線のさらに周囲に配される外側巻線と、前記鉄心と前記内側巻線とを絶縁させる絶縁部材と、前記外側巻線の外周面を保護する保護部材を有する。前記絶縁部材、保護部材のいずれかは、芳香族ポリアミドの熱伝導率を上回る熱伝導率を有する材料からなる。 Therefore, the transformer of the present invention includes an iron core, an inner winding arranged around the iron core, an outer winding arranged further around the inner winding, the iron core and the inner winding. An insulating member for insulation and a protective member for protecting the outer peripheral surface of the outer winding are provided. Either the insulating member or the protective member is made of a material having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the aromatic polyamide.

本発明によれば、変圧器の巻線表面の放熱性が向上するので、変圧器の低コスト化並びに小型化を図ることができる。 According to the present invention, since the heat dissipation of the winding surface of the transformer is improved, the cost and size of the transformer can be reduced.

（ａ）は本発明の実施形態における変圧器の平面図、（ｂ）は同変圧器の側面図。(A) is a top view of the transformer in the embodiment of the present invention, (b) is a side view of the transformer. 図１のＡ−Ａ断面図。AA sectional drawing of FIG. 図２のＢ−Ｂ断面図。BB sectional drawing of FIG.

以下に図面を参照しながら本発明の実施形態について説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図１に例示した本実施形態の変圧器１は三相の内鉄形の変圧器である。 The transformer 1 of this embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 is a three-phase inner iron type transformer.

図２に示したように、変圧器１の各相のコイル２は、鉄心３の周囲に配される二次側電圧（低電圧）の内側巻線４と、この内側巻線４のさらに周囲に配される一次側電圧（高電圧）の外側巻線５とを備える。 As shown in FIG. 2, the coil 2 of each phase of the transformer 1 includes an inner winding 4 of a secondary voltage (low voltage) arranged around the iron core 3, and a further surrounding of the inner winding 4. And an outer winding 5 of a primary side voltage (high voltage).

鉄心３と内側巻線４との間には、絶縁スペーサ６が配置されることにより、鉄心３，内側巻線４間を絶縁させると共に、周知の絶縁ガス、絶縁油等の冷媒を流通させる冷媒空間６１が確保されている。 An insulating spacer 6 is disposed between the iron core 3 and the inner winding 4 to insulate the iron core 3 from the inner winding 4 and to circulate a refrigerant such as a known insulating gas or insulating oil. A space 61 is secured.

また、内側巻線４，外側巻線５間にも、絶縁スペーサ６が配置されることにより、この内側巻線４，外側巻線５間を絶縁させると共に、前記冷媒を流通させる冷媒空間６１が確保されている。 Also, the insulating spacer 6 is disposed between the inner winding 4 and the outer winding 5 to insulate the inner winding 4 and the outer winding 5 from each other and provide a refrigerant space 61 through which the refrigerant flows. It is secured.

鉄心３は枠縁型のケイ素鋼板が複数積層されて成る。この鉄心３は、図１に示されたように、その上下端が上端フレーム７，下端フレーム８によって各々挟まれた状態で立設支持されている。 The iron core 3 is formed by laminating a plurality of frame edge type silicon steel plates. As shown in FIG. 1, the iron core 3 is supported upright with its upper and lower ends sandwiched between an upper end frame 7 and a lower end frame 8.

図３に示したように、内側巻線４は、例えばホルマル銅線からなり、鉄心３の周囲に整列的に巻装されることにより複数積層された内側巻線層４１の形態を成す。そして、個々の内側巻線層４１間には層間絶縁部材４２が配されている。 As shown in FIG. 3, the inner winding 4 is made of, for example, a formal copper wire, and forms a plurality of inner winding layers 41 by being wound around the iron core 3 in an aligned manner. An interlayer insulating member 42 is disposed between the individual inner winding layers 41.

また、鉄心３と対向する内側巻線層４１の内周面には内周絶縁部材４３が配されている。一方、内側巻線層４１の外周には、内側巻線４，外側巻線５間での高低電圧の混触を防止する混触防止部材４４が配されている。 An inner peripheral insulating member 43 is disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the inner winding layer 41 facing the iron core 3. On the other hand, on the outer periphery of the inner winding layer 41, an incompatibility preventing member 44 for preventing high / low voltage incompatibility between the inner winding 4 and the outer winding 5 is disposed.

さらに、混触防止部材４４の内周にはこの混触防止部材４４と内側巻線層４１とを絶縁させる内周絶縁部材４５が配される一方で、混触防止部材４４の外周には内側巻線４と外側巻線５とを絶縁させる外周絶縁部材４６が配されている。 Further, an inner peripheral insulating member 45 that insulates the anti-contact member 44 and the inner winding layer 41 is disposed on the inner periphery of the anti-contact member 44, while the inner winding 4 An outer peripheral insulating member 46 that insulates the outer winding 5 from each other is disposed.

外側巻線５も、例えばホルマル銅線からなり、内側巻線４の外周絶縁部材４６の周囲に絶縁スペーサ６を介して整列的に巻装されることにより複数積層された外側巻線層５１の形態を成す。また、内側巻線４と同様に、個々の外側巻線層５１間においても層間絶縁部材５２が配されている。さらに、絶縁スペーサ６を介して内側巻線４の外周絶縁部材４６と対向する外側巻線層５１の内周面には内周絶縁部材５３が配されている。 The outer winding 5 is also made of, for example, a formal copper wire, and a plurality of outer winding layers 51 are laminated by being wound around the outer periphery insulating member 46 of the inner winding 4 through an insulating spacer 6 in an aligned manner. Forms. Similarly to the inner winding 4, an interlayer insulating member 52 is disposed between the individual outer winding layers 51. Further, an inner peripheral insulating member 53 is disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer winding layer 51 facing the outer peripheral insulating member 46 of the inner winding 4 via the insulating spacer 6.

また、図３に示したように、鉄心３と内側巻線４との間には絶縁部材９が配されている。さらに、空気層に面する外側巻線５の外周面にはこの外側巻線５を保護する保護部材１０が配されている。 Further, as shown in FIG. 3, an insulating member 9 is disposed between the iron core 3 and the inner winding 4. Further, a protective member 10 for protecting the outer winding 5 is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the outer winding 5 facing the air layer.

絶縁部材９、保護部材１０のいずれかは熱伝導性の材料からなるシートが挙げられる。この熱伝導性の材料には周知の高熱伝導材料が適用される（例えば、特許文献２）。前記高熱伝導材料としては、石英、アルミナ、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ケイ素、炭化ケイ素、窒化ホウ素、酸化マグネシウム、酸化ベリリウム、ジルコニア等が例示される。これらの高熱伝導材料のうちから適宜に選択される。 One of the insulating member 9 and the protective member 10 is a sheet made of a heat conductive material. A well-known high heat conductive material is applied to this heat conductive material (for example, Patent Document 2). Examples of the high thermal conductive material include quartz, alumina, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, boron nitride, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, and zirconia. The material is appropriately selected from these high thermal conductivity materials.

以上の変圧器１によれば、絶縁部材９，保護部材１０の構成材料に高熱伝導材料が採用されたことにより、内側巻線４，外側巻線５の表面の放熱性が向上するので、内側巻線４，外側巻線５の内部温度が低下する。 According to the transformer 1 described above, since the high heat conductive material is adopted as the constituent material of the insulating member 9 and the protective member 10, the heat dissipation of the surfaces of the inner winding 4 and the outer winding 5 is improved. The internal temperature of the winding 4 and the outer winding 5 is lowered.

そして、これにより、以下の効果が得られる。
（１）内側巻線４と外側巻線５との間の冷媒空間６１の厚さ方向の距離の低減によって変圧器の小型化が実現する。
（２）巻線損失の低減による変圧器の電気的な高効率化が実現する。
（３）層間絶縁部材４２，５２の耐熱レベルを考慮する必要がなくなるので、層間絶縁部材４２，５２を構成する材料の耐熱レベルを下げることが可能となり、製造コストの低減化が実現する。
（４）各相コイルの冷却効果の向上により変圧器の大容量化が実現する。 Thereby, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) By reducing the distance in the thickness direction of the refrigerant space 61 between the inner winding 4 and the outer winding 5, the transformer can be miniaturized.
(2) The electrical efficiency of the transformer is improved by reducing the winding loss.
(3) Since it is not necessary to consider the heat resistance level of the interlayer insulation members 42 and 52, the heat resistance level of the material constituting the interlayer insulation members 42 and 52 can be lowered, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
(4) The capacity of the transformer can be increased by improving the cooling effect of each phase coil.

また、本実施形態の変圧器１は、全長の長い内側巻線や外側巻線に高熱伝熱シートを施す特許文献２の変圧器と比べても、変圧器の製造コスト及び製造時の作業時間の観点から有利である。 In addition, the transformer 1 of the present embodiment has a transformer manufacturing cost and working time at the time of manufacture even when compared with the transformer of Patent Document 2 in which a high heat transfer sheet is applied to the inner and outer windings having a long overall length. From the viewpoint of

従来の変圧器に適用されている絶縁部材、保護部材には、芳香族ポリアミドを含んでなるシートが適用されているが（特許文献２）、このシートはその厚さに応じて熱伝導率が０．１０３〜０．１７５［Ｗ／ｍ・Ｋ］となり、熱伝導率としては低い値となる。 A sheet comprising an aromatic polyamide is applied to an insulating member and a protective member applied to a conventional transformer (Patent Document 2), and this sheet has a thermal conductivity according to its thickness. It becomes 0.103 to 0.175 [W / m · K], and the thermal conductivity is a low value.

これに対して、本実施形態の変圧器１においては絶縁部材９，保護部材１０のいずれかに前記芳香族ポリアミドのシートの１０倍〜２００倍の熱伝導率を有する熱伝導性のシートが適用されている。この熱伝導性のシートが、鉄心３，空気層にそれぞれ面する絶縁部材，保護部材１０に適用されることにより、変圧器１における内側巻線４や外側巻線５の表面における放熱性が高くなり、内側巻線４や外側巻線５の温度上昇の抑制をもたらす。 On the other hand, in the transformer 1 of the present embodiment, a thermal conductive sheet having a thermal conductivity 10 to 200 times that of the aromatic polyamide sheet is applied to either the insulating member 9 or the protective member 10. Has been. The heat conductive sheet is applied to the insulating member and the protective member 10 facing the iron core 3 and the air layer, respectively, so that the heat radiation on the surface of the inner winding 4 and the outer winding 5 in the transformer 1 is high. Thus, the temperature rise of the inner winding 4 and the outer winding 5 is suppressed.

尚、絶縁部材９，保護部材１０のいずれかのシートの熱伝導率は、芳香族ポリアミドのシートの熱伝導率の１０倍〜２００倍に限らなくともよい。絶縁部材９，保護部材１０のいずれかのシートの熱伝導率は、芳香族ポリアミドのシートの熱伝導率を上回れば、上記の内側巻線４や外側巻線５の温度上昇の抑制をもたらす。 The thermal conductivity of any one of the insulating member 9 and the protective member 10 is not limited to 10 to 200 times that of the aromatic polyamide sheet. If the thermal conductivity of any one of the insulating member 9 and the protective member 10 exceeds the thermal conductivity of the aromatic polyamide sheet, the increase in temperature of the inner winding 4 and the outer winding 5 is suppressed.

以上、本発明の実施形態について具体的に説明したが、本発明の技術思想の範囲で多彩な変更等が可能であることは、当業者にとって明白なことであり、このような変更等が特許請求の範囲に属することは当然のことである。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been specifically described above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and the like are possible within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. It goes without saying that it belongs to the claims.

すなわち、図１〜図３の変圧器１は、鉄心３の周囲に配される二次電圧の内側巻線４とこの内側巻線４のさらに周囲に配される一次電圧の外側巻線５とを有する変圧器であるが、本発明はこの態様に限定されるものではない。 That is, the transformer 1 of FIGS. 1 to 3 includes a secondary voltage inner winding 4 disposed around the iron core 3 and a primary voltage outer winding 5 disposed further around the inner winding 4. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

つまり、鉄心の周囲に配される巻線の電圧と、この巻線のさらに周囲に配される巻線の電圧とが異なる変圧器であればよく、本発明は図１〜図３の変圧器１の態様に限定されない。例えば、鉄心の周囲に一次側電圧の巻線が配される一方でこの一次側電圧の巻線の周囲に二次側電圧の巻線を配し、この鉄心と一次側電圧の巻線との間に絶縁部材を配する一方で二次側電圧の巻線の周囲に保護部材を配した態様が挙げられる。また、上述の変圧器１は「内鉄形」の変圧器であるが、「外鉄形」の変圧器において絶縁部材９，保護部材１０を適用した態様を採ることもできる。これらの態様の変圧器も本発明の技術思想の範囲に属する。 In other words, any transformer may be used as long as the voltage of the winding disposed around the iron core and the voltage of the winding disposed further around the winding are different. It is not limited to one aspect. For example, a primary voltage winding is arranged around the iron core, while a secondary voltage winding is arranged around the primary voltage winding, and the iron core and the primary voltage winding are There may be mentioned an aspect in which a protective member is disposed around the winding of the secondary voltage while an insulating member is disposed therebetween. Moreover, although the above-described transformer 1 is an “inner iron type” transformer, an embodiment in which the insulating member 9 and the protection member 10 are applied to the “outer iron type” transformer can also be adopted. These types of transformers also belong to the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

１…変圧器
２…コイル
３…鉄心
４…内側巻線
５…外側巻線
６…絶縁スペーサ、６１…冷媒空間
９…絶縁部材
１０…保護部材 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Transformer 2 ... Coil 3 ... Iron core 4 ... Inner winding 5 ... Outer winding 6 ... Insulating spacer 61 ... Refrigerant space 9 ... Insulating member 10 ... Protective member

Claims

鉄心と、
この鉄心の周囲に配される内側巻線と、
この内側巻線のさらに周囲に配される外側巻線と、
前記鉄心と前記内側巻線とを絶縁させる絶縁部材と、
前記外側巻線の外周面を保護する保護部材と
を有し、
前記絶縁部材、前記保護部材のいずれかは、芳香族ポリアミドの熱伝導率を上回る熱伝導率を有する材料からなること
を特徴とする変圧器。 Iron core,
The inner winding around this iron core,
An outer winding disposed around the inner winding;
An insulating member that insulates the iron core from the inner winding;
A protective member for protecting the outer peripheral surface of the outer winding,
Either the insulating member or the protective member is made of a material having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the aromatic polyamide.

前記材料は、石英、アルミナ、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ケイ素、炭化ケイ素、窒化ホウ素、酸化マグネシウム、酸化ベリリウム、ジルコニアのいずれかであること
を特徴とする請求項１に記載の変圧器。 2. The transformer according to claim 1, wherein the material is any one of quartz, alumina, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, boron nitride, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, and zirconia.

前記内側巻線は二次側電圧の巻線であり、前記外側巻線は一次側電圧の巻線であること
を特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の変圧器。 The transformer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner winding is a secondary voltage winding, and the outer winding is a primary voltage winding.