JP2016094333A - コアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液製造装置 - Google Patents
コアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/50—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/50—Mixing liquids with solids
- B01F23/53—Mixing liquids with solids using driven stirrers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/50—Mixing liquids with solids
- B01F23/55—Mixing liquids with solids the mixture being submitted to electrical, sonic or similar energy
- B01F23/551—Mixing liquids with solids the mixture being submitted to electrical, sonic or similar energy using vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
- B01F31/80—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
- B01F31/85—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations with a vibrating element inside the receptacle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
前記ミキシングタンクの内部圧力は、前記定量供給機の内部圧力より相対的に低い圧力を有するようにすることが好ましい。
前記定量供給機と前記ミキシングタンクとの間に、前記ミキシングタンクの内部の蒸気が前記定量供給機に流入することを防止するクッションホッパーをさらに含むことができる。
一方、前記定量供給機は、密封外函を備え、前記密封外函の内部は、不活性気体で充填され、シリコンナノ粒子が空気と接触しないようにすることが好ましい。
前記ブロック共重合体高分子は、Siと親和度が高いブロック及びSiと親和度が低いブロックを含むブロック共重合体シェルを形成するためのものであって、前記Siと親和度が高いブロックは、ポリアクリル酸(poly acrylic acid)、ポリアクリレート(poly acrylate)、ポリメタクリル酸(poly methacrylic acid)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(poly methyl methacrylate)、ポリアクリルアミド(poly acryamide)、カルボキシメチルセルロース(carboxymethyl cellulose)、ポリビニルアセテート(poly vinyl acetate)、またはポリマレイン酸(polymaleic acid)であり、前記Siと親和度が低いブロックは、ポリスチレン(poly styrene)、ポリアクリロニトリル(poly acrylonitrile)、ポリフェノール(poly phenol)、ポリエチレングリコール(poly ethylene glycol)、ポリラウリルメタクリレート(Poly lauryl methacrylate)、またはポリビニルジフルオリド(poly vinyl difluoride)であることが好ましい。
そして、超音波分散機180の出側に未分酸された粒子凝集物を濾過する最終フィルタ190をさらに含むことができる。
クッションホッパー140は、流入側と排出側に一対の弁が備えられて交互に開閉され、ミキシングタンク150に貯蔵された分散溶媒蒸気が定量供給機130に流入することを防止する役割をする。
前記Siコアの直径と前記ブロック共重合体シェルの厚さの比は、1:25〜200:1であることが好ましいが、これに限定されるものではない。前記Siコア直径と前記ブロック共重合体シェルの厚さの比が1:25〜200:1を維持する場合、Siの体積膨張に対応し、電極の寸法安定性を目標としてキャベツ構造(cabbage structure)を有するSi/非晶質系炭素/結晶質系炭素複合体の適用に特に適している。
図4に示されたように、Si、C、及びOの分布を通して、(a)Si−ブロック共重合体コア−シェルナノ粒子は、(b)Siナノ粒子とは異なり、Siコアの表面にC及びOを含む重合体シェルが形成されたことが分かる。
図5は、(a)Si−ブロック共重合体コア−シェルナノ粒子、及び(b)Siナノ粒子を走査電子顕微鏡(Scanning electron microscope)で観察したものである。
ブロック共重合体高分子は、Si親和度が高いブロック及びSi親和度が低いブロックを含む。
前記コア−シェルナノ粒子を含む混合溶液でコア−シェルナノ粒子のブロック共重合体は、Siコアを中心に球形ミセル(micelle)構造を形成するものであり、前記コア−シェルナノ粒子を含む混合溶液でコア−シェルナノ粒子は、Si粒子を含む混合溶液でSi粒子、またはSi−ポリスチレン混合体を含む混合溶液でSi−ポリスチレン混合体に比べて、優れた分散性及び安定性を有するので、粒子間の凝集現象が減って粒径が減少する。
120:キャニスタ
130:定量供給機
132:密封外函
140:クッションホッパー
150:ミキシングタンク
160:分散溶媒タンク
170:プレフィルタ
180:超音波分散機
185:循環配管
190:最終フィルタ
Claims (10)
- シリコンナノ粒子を貯蔵するキャニスタ;
前記キャニスタからシリコンナノ粒子の供給を受けて定量に供給する定量供給機;
シェルを構成するブロック共重合体高分子と分散溶媒、そして前記定量供給機を通して供給されるシリコンナノ粒子を混合してコアシェル構造のナノシリコン粒子を形成するミキシングタンク;
前記ミキシングタンクで排出されるコアシェル構造ナノシリコン粒子と分散溶媒の供給を受け、超音波を利用して粒子を分散させる超音波分散機;及び
前記ミキシングタンクと前記超音波分散機に分散溶媒を供給する分散溶媒タンク;を含むコアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液製造装置。 - 前記キャニスタにシリコンナノ粒子を合成して供給するプラズマ反応器をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のコアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液製造装置。
- 前記ミキシングタンクの内部圧力は、前記定量供給機の内部圧力より相対的に低い圧力を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のコアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液製造装置。
- 前記定量供給機と前記ミキシングタンクとの間に、
前記ミキシングタンクの内部の蒸気が前記定量供給機に流入することを防止するクッションホッパーをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のコアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液製造装置。 - 前記ミキシングタンクと前記超音波分散機との間に、巨大粒子及び粒子凝集物を濾過するプレフィルタをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のコアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液製造装置。
- 前記超音波分散機の出側に未分酸された粒子凝集物を濾過する最終フィルタをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のコアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液製造装置。
- 前記定量供給機は、密封外函を備え、
前記密封外函の内部は、不活性気体で充填され、シリコンナノ粒子が空気と接触しないようにすることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のコアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液製造装置。 - 前記超音波分散機で排出されるコアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液を前記ミキシングタンクに循環させる循環配管をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のコアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液製造装置。
- 前記ブロック共重合体高分子は、
Siと親和度が高いブロック及びSiと親和度が低いブロックを含むブロック共重合体シェルを形成するためのものであって、
前記Siと親和度が高いブロックは、ポリアクリル酸(poly acrylic acid)、ポリアクリレート(poly acrylate)、ポリメタクリル酸(poly methacrylic acid)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(poly methyl methacrylate)、ポリアクリルアミド(poly acryamide)、カルボキシメチルセルロース(carboxymethyl cellulose)、ポリビニルアセテート(poly vinyl acetate)、またはポリマレイン酸(polymaleic acid)であり、
前記Siと親和度が低いブロックは、ポリスチレン(poly styrene)、ポリアクリロニトリル(poly acrylonitrile)、ポリフェノール(poly phenol)、ポリエチレングリコール(poly ethylene glycol)、ポリラウリルメタクリレート(Poly lauryl methacrylate)、またはポリビニルジフルオリド(poly vinyl difluoride)であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のコアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液製造装置。 - 前記分散溶媒としては、
N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、水、メタノール、エタノール、シクロヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノン、メチルエチルケトン、アセトン、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択された一つ以上を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のコアシェル構造ナノシリコンの高分子分散溶液製造装置。
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