JP2015529383A - 向上した性能を有する活性層の形成 - Google Patents
向上した性能を有する活性層の形成 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015529383A JP2015529383A JP2015530478A JP2015530478A JP2015529383A JP 2015529383 A JP2015529383 A JP 2015529383A JP 2015530478 A JP2015530478 A JP 2015530478A JP 2015530478 A JP2015530478 A JP 2015530478A JP 2015529383 A JP2015529383 A JP 2015529383A
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- perfluorosulfonic acid
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 229920003937 Aquivion® Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003934 Aciplex® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 that is Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011970 polystyrene sulfonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002796 polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940061610 sulfonated phenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/8668—Binders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8828—Coating with slurry or ink
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/94—Non-porous diffusion electrodes, e.g. palladium membranes, ion exchange membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
アノード:H2→2H++2e− (1)
カソード:O2+4H++4e−→2H2O (2)
E゜アノード=0V/ENH
E゜カソード=1.23V/ENH
H2+1/2O2→H2O E゜eq=E゜カソード−E゜アノード=1.23V
以下の構造を有する第1のイオノマーと、
‐ポリマー膜と、
‐少なくとも2つのペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーを含む、本発明による活性層から形成される‐カソードと、
場合によっては本発明による活性層から形成されるアノードと、を少なくとも含む。
MEA(膜電極接合体)の形成は、3つのステップで実施される。
第1のステップは、イオノマーおよび炭素質担持体上の触媒を溶媒中に含む、触媒インクを調製する段階を含む。
第2のステップは、以降で説明する方法によって、拡散層上にインクを堆積することによって電極を製造する段階である。
第3の製造ステップは、活性層中に存在するイオノマーの1つと同一のポリマーから一般的にできている膜を挟んで2つの電極(カソードおよびアノード)を組み立てる段階である。
本発明によると、アノードの組成は、カソードの組成と異なる。以下の割合は、乾燥触媒層における質量として理解されるべきである。
単一のイオノマーを含むMEAの製造手順は、前述と同一である。唯一異なる点は、カソードを製造する段階である。カソードはアノードと同一の材料、つまり触媒75%およびイオノマー25%で作製される。
装置の性能は、自動車向け用途に推奨されるものに近い条件で調査される。
2 電極
3 電解質
Claims (13)
- 触媒と、少なくとも2つのペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーとを含むプロトン交換膜燃料電池(PEMFC)用の活性層(2)であって、第2のペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーが第1のペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーより短いダングリング鎖を有する、プロトン交換膜燃料電池用の活性層。
- 前記第1のペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーが以下の構造を有する、請求項1に記載のプロトン交換膜燃料電池用の活性層。
- 前記第2のペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーが以下の構造を有する、請求項1または2に記載のプロトン交換膜燃料電池用の活性層。
- 前記第1のペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーの相対濃度が乾燥重量で50から80%の範囲であり、前記第2のペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーの相対濃度が乾燥重量で20%から50%の範囲である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のプロトン交換膜燃料電池用の活性層。
- 前記第1のペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーの相対濃度が乾燥重量で60から70%の範囲であり、前記第2のペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーの相対濃度が乾燥重量で30から40%の範囲である、請求項4に記載のプロトン交換膜燃料電池用の活性層。
- 前記触媒が炭素質担持体上の白金ナノ粒子の形態で現れる、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のプロトン交換膜燃料電池用の活性層。
- 触媒と、請求項1から5のいずれか一項で定めた少なくとも2つのペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーとを含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の活性層を形成するための触媒インク。
- 前記触媒が炭素質担持体上の白金ナノ粒子の形態で現れる、請求項7に記載の触媒インク。
- 溶媒または分散媒をさらに含む、請求項7または8に記載の触媒インク。
- 少なくとも1つの電極、有利にはカソードが請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の活性層を備える、膜電極接合体(MEA)。
- 膜と、場合によってはアノードとが、前記2つのペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーの一方、有利には前記第1のペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーでできている、請求項10に記載の膜電極接合体(MEA)。
- 請求項10または11に記載の膜電極接合体(MEA)を備えるプロトン交換膜燃料電池。
- PEMFC型燃料電池の性能を向上させるための、請求項1から6のいずれか一項の活性層の使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1258331 | 2012-09-06 | ||
FR1258331A FR2995143B1 (fr) | 2012-09-06 | 2012-09-06 | Formulation d'une couche active aux performances ameliorees |
PCT/FR2013/052046 WO2014044947A1 (fr) | 2012-09-06 | 2013-09-05 | Formulation d'une couche active aux performances ameliorees |
Related Child Applications (1)
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JP2018045564A Division JP2018116935A (ja) | 2012-09-06 | 2018-03-13 | 向上した性能を有する活性層の形成 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2015529383A true JP2015529383A (ja) | 2015-10-05 |
JP6543571B2 JP6543571B2 (ja) | 2019-07-10 |
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JP2015530478A Active JP6543571B2 (ja) | 2012-09-06 | 2013-09-05 | 向上した性能を有する活性層の形成 |
JP2018045564A Pending JP2018116935A (ja) | 2012-09-06 | 2018-03-13 | 向上した性能を有する活性層の形成 |
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US (1) | US9843050B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2893583B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP6543571B2 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2995143B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014044947A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2019511084A (ja) * | 2016-02-05 | 2019-04-18 | フオルクスワーゲン・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフトVolkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | 膜、膜電極アッセンブリ、燃料電池、および膜を製造する方法 |
KR20190059953A (ko) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-05-31 | 발라드 파워 시스템즈 인크. | 전기화학적 연료 전지를 위한 캐소드 전극 설계 |
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DE102017220502A1 (de) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Katalysatorschicht, sowie eine Katalysatorschicht |
KR20200114423A (ko) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 전자절연층이 도입된 막-전극 접합체의 전해질막 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN114204089B (zh) * | 2021-12-03 | 2024-04-16 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种质子交换复合膜及其连续化制备方法 |
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2012
- 2012-09-06 FR FR1258331A patent/FR2995143B1/fr active Active
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2013
- 2013-09-05 JP JP2015530478A patent/JP6543571B2/ja active Active
- 2013-09-05 EP EP13774727.5A patent/EP2893583B1/fr active Active
- 2013-09-05 WO PCT/FR2013/052046 patent/WO2014044947A1/fr active Application Filing
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2015
- 2015-02-18 US US14/625,136 patent/US9843050B2/en active Active
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- 2018-03-13 JP JP2018045564A patent/JP2018116935A/ja active Pending
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JP2019530961A (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-10-24 | バラード パワー システムズ インコーポレイテッド | 電気化学燃料電池のためのカソード電極設計 |
JP7105226B2 (ja) | 2016-09-30 | 2022-07-22 | バラード パワー システムズ インコーポレイテッド | 電気化学燃料電池のためのカソード電極設計 |
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EP2893583A1 (fr) | 2015-07-15 |
FR2995143A1 (fr) | 2014-03-07 |
WO2014044947A1 (fr) | 2014-03-27 |
US20150180041A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
JP6543571B2 (ja) | 2019-07-10 |
JP2018116935A (ja) | 2018-07-26 |
FR2995143B1 (fr) | 2015-05-15 |
US9843050B2 (en) | 2017-12-12 |
EP2893583B1 (fr) | 2016-10-05 |
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